The question of how to provide your suburban housing autonomous water supply, is relevant today for many homeowners. Nobody wants to carry water in buckets from wells anymore. The rocker can only be seen in drawings or in museums.

Buckets were replaced by pumps that independently pump water into the pipeline system. The main thing is to do right choice when equipping a well with a water-lifting mechanism.

Types of pumps

Any pumps that are used to lift water from wells are divided into two types according to the place of their installation.

They may be:

1. superficial when the body is next to the well or with the help of a float it is kept on the surface of the water, and water is pumped from the depth of the well;
2. submersible when the unit itself is at a depth and supplies water through hoses to the surface.

The most common types of these units in everyday life are surface devices.

They are used quite widely:

1. for lifting drinking water from wells;
2. for lifting drinking water from a well;
3. for pumping water from flooded basements;
4. for irrigation with water pumped out of reservoirs.

The disadvantage of these mechanisms is that they can take water from a depth of no more than 8 meters. Accordingly, use them for deep wells with drinking water will not work.

For water intake from wells, submersible pumping equipment is suitable, which is capable of pumping water from a considerable depth. Submersible units are distinguished by the mechanism of water swing.

They are of three types:

1. vortex, in which the pumping of water occurs due to the formation of a vortex flow, they have an impeller in the form of a flat disk with short blades;
2. centrifugal, pumping is due to centrifugal force, which is created by the shaft with the rowing blades located on it;
3. vibrating, in which pumping occurs due to the difference in pressure generated on different sides of the membrane, which is the main structural part.

The choice of the required type of unit is carried out based on the following parameters:

1. the total depth of the well and the water level in it;
2. total demand for water consumption;
3. actual indicators of the calculated water pressure in the section;
4. the diameter of the alignment post.

The most common today are centrifugal models of submersible pumps for lifting water from wells. They provide sufficient performance and can even work with water that contains sand impurities.

Related articles:

Application of centrifugal force

Pumps, the action of which is based on the use of centrifugal force to lift water, have received in our time wide application... A centrifugal submersible pump for a well pumps water due to the rotation of a special wheel, which is fixed on the shaft.

A bit of history

It is very difficult now to determine who first came up with the idea of ​​using centrifugal force to lift water. There are famous sketches made by Leonardo da Vinci. According to them, it is quite possible to assume that it was he who first proposed to pump water through the use of centrifugal force in a rotating channel.

In practice, the first known device was tested in 1732 by LeDemur.

The essence of this pump was as follows:

1. a pipe was attached to the vertical shaft, rigidly connected to it with a connecting rod;
2. the lower end of the pipe was submerged in water;
3. the shaft began to rotate, the pipe was also brought into rotation;
4. centrifugal forces caused the water to move in the pipe.

But centrifugal pumps became widespread only from the end of the 19th century. At this time, heat appeared, and then electric motors, which made it possible to create even multi-stage units for deep wells.

Russian engineer V.A. Pushechnikov developed a multistage pump based on the use of centrifugal force for wells up to 250 m deep.

The principle of the device can be described as follows:

1. an elastic coupling serves as a connection between the drive shaft and the electric motor;
2. the oil bath is located directly under the clutch;
3. a ball bearing is placed in the bath, which absorbs the axial load;
4. oil for lubrication is supplied through a string of pipes suspended from a support frame;
5. the column and the drive shaft are supported by bearings that are placed in cruciform brackets;
6. brackets are installed between pipe joints;
7. in the support frame itself there is a stuffing box, under it there is a branch pipe for discharge pipes;
8. The suction connection of the pump is connected to the suction pipe, there is a protective mesh on the pipe.

This design makes it easier to place the pump in the well, not very large diameter... The very first pump of this design was manufactured at the end of 1899 and was installed at a pump station in Mytishchi.

The tests were successful, soon such borehole centrifugal pumps were manufactured in the amount of 19 pieces, which were also installed at this pumping station.

Interestingly, this order for the manufacture of units could only be fulfilled in Paris at the Farco plant, although an offer to place an order was sent to 24 plants in different countries... In the technical literature, you can find the name of this pump as "Farco pump", and not by the name of the designer.

The principle of operation of modern models

When deciding how to choose centrifugal pump for a well, it is necessary to understand the basic parameters by which the models differ.

Various well centrifugal pumps can be classified as follows:

1. according to the number of available wheels, if there is one wheel, then the devices are single-stage, if more, then multi-stage;
2. by head, from low or medium head to high values;
3. by the method of water supply, one-way supply or two-way;
4. according to the method that is used to drain the liquid into the spiral channel from the impeller, there can be spiral and turbine;
5. by speed, low-speed, normal, high-speed.

Important. Despite the fact that the price of multistage models is more expensive than single-stage ones, many people prefer to install them.
The fact is that such models have a greater margin of safety and do not deteriorate from the content of various mechanical impurities in the water.

The principle of operation of these mechanisms is as follows:

1. water is supplied, due to the rapid rotation of the impeller, an abundant flow is created;
2. centrifugal force acts by displacing water from the centers of the wheels to the distant sections;
3. the pressure inside rises, it displaces the liquid into the pipeline;
4. the pressure in the center of the impeller decreases accordingly;
5. water enters again through the suction pipe.

A submersible pump looks like a cylinder. This allows it to be placed in fairly narrow wells. The length of the structure can be from 0.5 to 2.5 meters, and the diameter is approximately 10 cm. Despite their modest size, these well devices are characterized by excellent performance.

Important. It is necessary to ensure that the pump does not touch the walls of the wellbore during operation.
If the opening diameter is too small, then it is necessary to protect the unit by putting a rubber ring on its body.

The installation of a centrifugal pump in a well is carried out by specialists, since it is very important to do everything correctly if you want to use water from the well for a long time without knowing any worries.

The unit is lowered into the borehole to a depth, having previously secured it with a safety cable to the head or the borehole cover. The electrical cable is connected to the pump and is also passed through a special hole in the head.

The pump must be connected to the pipe brass fitting... The other end of this pipe is connected to an outlet on the lid.

If you have experience in the installation business, then you can do it yourself by connecting a centrifugal pump to a well. The main thing is to comply with all the requirements that the instructions for a particular model describe.

Important. When installing equipment in a well at a depth greater than 80 meters, a pipe is used that can withstand a pressure of 16 atmospheres.
At a shallower installation depth, it is sufficient to use a pipe of 12.5 atmospheres.

Summary

Correctly selected pumping equipment will ensure the operation of the water supply system in an uninterrupted mode. In the video presented in this article, you will find Additional information on this topic.

If the depth of water is below 10 m from the surface of the earth and it is necessary to extract it, then we are talking about submersible (sometimes such pumps are called "borehole").

The casing of a surface pump is located on land, at a distance from the water surface (water surface); well pumps with a float are less common, with which the casing is kept on the water. But surface pumps are not intended for deep wells, and if they still cope with a well depth of up to 8–10 m, then they are no longer deeper.

Separation of views

Structurally, deep submersible pumps are:

• centrifugal;
• vortex;
• screw or screw;
• vibrating.

Aquatic are most common due to their versatility and durability (with proper care and prevention).

This group of pumps got its name from the principle of operation: the impellers of the wheels accelerate the liquid, as a result of which a rarefied space is created near the shaft, the liquid is squeezed out to the periphery and is pumped upward under pressure.

In vortex models, the injection and subsequent advancement of the liquid occurs due to the creation of artificial vortices in the chamber.

The device of auger or screw pumps Is a modern reincarnation of the good old "Archimedes screw".

These pumps supply water using continuous rotation of the screw (screw): they have a stable head, but the performance is lower than that of centrifugal and vortex models.

The base is a membrane that separates the vibrator and the liquid. The operation of the vibrator causes the membrane to bend, the resulting pressure difference contributes to the pumping of fluid.

An inexpensive option, but the choice of such a unit for a well must be approached carefully. More than others, models equipped with thermal protection and with a lower water intake are suitable.

What to look for when choosing

Uninterrupted water supply in a private house without access to centralized system water supply, directly depends on the correct choice of the pump.

When choosing, you must consider:

1. Well depth and water level in it. Any pump is designed for a specific working depth and this value is one of the selection criteria.
2. Water supply power. The value depends on consumption (taking into account the supply of the house, watering, etc.). Domestic pumps have a capacity of 5 m3 / hour. The power of the pump is usually chosen "with a margin", but here, the main thing is not to overdo it: the "margin" is sensitively reflected in the price of the unit.
3. Aggression. Measured in meters: adding 30 m to the well depth, increase the resulting value by 10-15% (multiplying by 1.1 or 1.15) and round up. The head of domestic pumps is usually up to 150 m.
4. Well debit. This is the ratio of the time during which the water can be completely pumped out of the well, to the time during which it will again be filled with water. To select a pump, an approximate debit value is sufficient.
5. Borehole diameter(usually measured in inches).
6. The price of the issue. This is the cost of the pump, with automatic equipment for connection, plus a nylon cord or stainless steel cable to secure the pump. Depending on the depth of the water, the amount can be significant. Therefore, all calculations must be approached responsibly.

   Expert advice: there are sites that calculate online all the necessary data to form an order for a submersible pump for a well.

   In this case, the action is reduced to entering the initial values ​​into the "cells", and at the "exit" - the result is ready. A consultation with a specialist will also help optimize the final price.

Industrial pumps can have a capacity of 20 m3 / min. Such a borehole high-pressure centrifugal pump easily overcomes 500 m, and the head of 800 m is not the limit for such units.

The head in such models is achieved due to the location of 50 or more stages in the hydraulic part. These high-tech devices can be made from of stainless steel and composite materials.

Specialist's note: submersible pumps are not afraid of "dry running": special floats control the immersion depth and turn off the pump in case of water shortage.

As a rule, all water pumps are sensitive to mechanical impurities, be it sand or silt. Long term uninterrupted work borehole pumps are achieved with regular maintenance.

Leading manufacturers

The current state of the market allows you to choose a pump in accordance with the requirements at an acceptable price for the buyer.

Today, not only Russian units are available, but also numerous foreign ones - German, Danish, Italian.

Grundfos is a renowned Danish company founded in 1945, a world leader in sales pumping equipment, has branches in many countries of the world, including Russia (more than 20 branches). Prices for household products from 40 thousand rubles.

Wilo - a company from Germany (founded in 1872), produces submersible pumps, both centrifugal and vortex and screw (screw).

There are subsidiaries of the holding in Russia and in some European countries. All products have international certificates quality.

The owners of many private houses prefer to obtain water for use themselves, without being connected to the city water supply. The reasons may be different - poor quality tap water, savings, etc.

Pump performance must be tailored specifically to the size of the area to be used. Sometimes the depth at which underground rivers pass is very large (in some places it reaches a hundred or more meters). Then the standard unit will not work.

For these purposes, there are special depth models. They are usually used in large enterprises for the extraction of artesian water.

Device and principle of operation

Submersible devices have not only excellent performance, but also differ from each other different designs which use different principles of water lifting.

The entire installation, with most of the main parts, is located under the surface of the water. And from the pump in a dense insulated winding there is a wire and a pipe for supplying water.

The standard equipment assembly usually includes a motor and an internal filter. The suction of the liquid can be from the bottom or from the top of the unit. If the unit has bottom suction, then it can filter sand and silt from the underwater river well.

Submersible pumps consist of two components:

• the actual pumping part with several stages;
• motor, which controls the rise of water and can be both built-in and external.

Pump motors

Built-in motors are usually placed underneath to maximize the protection of the device against corrosion due to constant contact with moisture.

The upper part of the structure is occupied by the drive shaft device and certain blade branches.

It has a special glass and body. There is a built-in vibrator, which creates the necessary thrust to create a flow of water, and there is also an electric motor. The vibrator is enough complex design but it plays a major role in getting the job done. It consists of an anchor, rubber buffer and shims.

Equipment types

If you are inclined to buy such equipment, then you must now understand in more detail its types in order to choose the most suitable one for yourself.

Pay attention first of all to specifications, quality and manufacturer.

In this section, you will get acquainted with the features of different mechanisms for raising water.

Centrifugal

Devices of this type are used to raise water for a long time without seasonal breaks.

Such a device has 2 components - a hydraulic device and an electric motor.

The impellers rotate and due to this a pressure difference is created in the pipe, which makes the water rise with sufficient force. has the advantage of high performance, good traction and versatility in use.

Auger

This type of unit is manufactured for a special purpose. Its main task is high-quality distillation of water with impurities.

If you are pursuing this goal and are thinking about buying such equipment, then you need to know one important detail.

For uninterrupted fluid supply, you need to choose a device with a diameter of about 1 centimeter less than the diameter casing... Otherwise, the pump will be clogged with various impurities.

Screw

The main advantage of this model is that these pumps squeeze out high pressure even with small volumes of water supply.

The design of the apparatus consists of an impeller with a plurality of blades, which is housed in a cylindrical body.

Thanks to the circular rotation of the blades, water is supplied. Of the disadvantages of this type, it is worth noting the complexity of work when using a liquid with impurities.

Other models

The hand-held unit can only be designed for a limited depth of water extraction. It can be used if the water is no deeper than 25 meters from the surface.

A sucker rod pump is usually large and is very rarely used in household appliances... They can often be seen in oil production sites. The design of such a unit is quite simple, but it does an excellent job with the function of extracting liquid from the depths.

The mud submersible apparatus is used for all kinds of liquids of varying degrees of viscosity. Is not the best choice for pumping water, but if you need to pump out water with a lot of dirt and clay impurities, then it is perfect.

Which unit is better to choose

What is better to choose pumping station or a submerged unit?

This is a question faced by many people living in the private sector.

Especially those who live in places where the city water supply system is not installed. There is a wide variety of devices on the market that are similar to those of other types of devices. But the main thing for you is to understand the pros and cons of both.

The pumping station has the design of a storage tank, or a hydraulic accumulator. Such a mechanism has a membrane, a pump and a control unit with hoses for water distribution. The work of the station is based on pumping water into the tank until a certain pressure is established there. Then the water enters the pipeline.

Downhole equipment operating principles were described in the first part of the article. Without going into details, they are not very different from the operation of the station.

The pumping station, in contrast to the submersible apparatus, has a long service life. But the submersible pump has a smaller size and is easier to install and repair, and also works almost silently.

The choice is yours, in the end, you should always consider the characteristics of your area, the composition of the water and the depth of its location when choosing a system for pumping water.

Submersible pump - irreplaceable assistant in any country house... The device is required to lift water from a well, well or reservoir located next to personal plot... In order for readers to be able to correctly select a product for a specific source of water intake, for each type of equipment, the article contains a diagram of a submersible pump, describes the device and its principle of operation.

Classification of submersible pumps

Submersible pumps for domestic use can be divided into:

1. by the purpose of the equipment;
2. according to the principle of operation of the device.

Separation of devices according to purpose

The use of submersible pumps is quite extensive. Depending on the area of ​​use, the following types of pumps are distinguished:

• borehole or deep. The equipment is capable of lifting water from great depth... The only condition is that the water should not contain various impurities that can damage the internal mechanism;

• wells. The equipment is less efficient and less powerful. Can work in water containing fine particles of sand, silt or lime;

• ... Designed to work in polluted water. They can be used for a well, a reservoir or pumping liquid from a basement. The device of a submersible drainage type pump allows particles with a diameter of 10 to 70 mm to pass through;

• fecal. They are used for pumping waste accumulated in collecting wells and other containers in which waste water is collected. The equipment is equipped with a shredder capable of processing toilet paper and other hygiene products.

All types of pumps are made of high-strength materials that can work in water for a long period of time.

Separation of pumps according to the principle of operation

According to the principle of pumps, there is a division of devices into the following types:

• vibrating;
• centrifugal;
• vortex;
• screw.

The device and principle of operation of submersible pumps

Vibrating pumps

The main elements of a submersible vibration pump are:

1. a power unit, inside which an electric magnet is located;
2. a vibrator or second part of an electromagnet that drives the travel piston;
3. a chamber for collecting water connected to the outlet pipe;
4. suction chamber. The compartment where water from the source first gets;
5. a shock absorber required to ensure a smooth stroke of the working piston;

There are devices on sale that are not equipped with shock absorbers. However, they quickly fail, as sharp movements of the piston lead to mechanical damage.

1. washers affecting performance submersible device... By increasing or decreasing the number of washers, you can independently change the pump power;
2. rod or base for piston movement;
3. check valve. The device is installed in order to prevent the backflow of liquid from the pump. At the expense of check valve you can increase the nominal performance of the equipment;
4. a nut required to secure the piston to the rod;
5. the piston, which is the main working element of the pump;
6. channels designed to transfer water from the collection chamber to the water supply system.

The operation of a vibration-type submersible pump occurs due to the movement of the piston. When electrical power is applied, an electromagnetic field is created in the power unit, and the vibrator is attracted, giving movement to the piston. At this time, a discharged pressure is created in the typesetting and suction chambers, and the free space is filled with water through the check valves. Likewise, the liquid passes through the channels and enters the pipeline.

Several piston movements occur per second, which determines the pressure of water in the pipeline.

Centrifugal pumps

A centrifugal submersible pump consists of the following elements:

1. the impeller is the main piece of equipment;
2. impeller blades that create centrifugal force to suck water;
3. a housing that protects the impeller from mechanical damage;
4. suction area through which fluid is pumped;
5. pressure pipeline that transfers water from the pump to the water supply system;
6. a check valve that prevents water from leaving the pump to the source;
7. protective mesh, necessary to protect the working part of the pump from impurities that negatively affect the operation of the device.

Operation of submersible centrifugal pumps equipped with a protective cage is also possible in slightly polluted water.

The principle of operation of a submersible pump with this design is quite simple. Due to the supply of electricity, the impeller begins to rotate. A centrifugal force is created along the perimeter of the blades, which forces the water to move from the suction pipe to the pressure pipe connected to the water supply system of the house.

You can learn more about the design and principle of operation of a centrifugal pump from the video clip.

Vortex pumps

Now let's look at how a vortex type submersible pump works. The device and the principle of operation of the equipment are similar to a centrifugal pump. The differences are in the following aspects:

• the impeller of the vortex pump is one-piece, and the centrifugal force that creates the vortex flow is formed as a result of the movement of the stiffeners;
• the water flowing through the check valve accumulates in the cells and it is from them that it is transferred to the pressure pipeline.

By virtue of their design, vortex pumps are capable of delivering a greater liquid head at low energy costs.

Screw pumps

Screw pumps (also called screw pumps) work by rotating the working screw located inside the stationary housing.

The pump performance is directly proportional to the screw rotation speed.

Any type of submersible pump can be controlled manually or by automatic system, which is installed additionally. Any pump can be equipped with a float to prevent dry operation, which is not possible with submersible devices.

To eliminate voltage surges electrical network, capable of disabling the equipment, stabilizers are used. To improve the design of the submersible pump and maximize its service life, a hydraulic accumulator is built into the water supply system of the house.

Drilling a well at a site near country house finished. The next question facing the owner is the choice of a pump that would be able to extract and transfer water to users as efficiently as possible. Optimal solution- purchase a submersible pump for a well. This article will help you determine the model and the main characteristics of the device.

How to choose a pump for a well

Submersible water pumps for wells are selected based on:

• types of devices that differ in their principle of operation;
• well parameters;
• technical characteristics of the equipment.

Types of submersible pumps

How to choose a device that is most suitable for a well on suburban area? First of all, you need to decide on the type of pump.

All submersible pumps, according to the principle of operation, can be divided into several types:

• centrifugal;
• vortex;
• vibrating;
• screw.

A submersible centrifugal pump for a well works by creating a turbulent flow by rotating diffusers.

Centrifugal pumps are easy to use and do not require any special maintenance. The cost of the equipment is relatively low. However, the device also has negative aspects, which include:

• the need to install an additional filter at the bottom of the well. Centrifugal pumps are very sensitive to the ingress of various impurities and / or small particles into the device;
• putting the device into operation is required after filling the pump with water. Running the pump dry will damage the equipment.

One of the varieties centrifugal devices are capable of pumping both clean and slightly contaminated water.

Centrifugal submersible pumps can be used for both deep and small wells.

A vortex-type submersible borehole pump lifts water by mixing air supplied to the chamber through a special pipe and working fluid.

Vortex pumps are small in power, therefore they are used only for shallow wells.

The principle of operation of a vibration pump is based on the movement of the rod due to an electric current.

The advantages of a vibrating pump are:

• reduced requirements for water quality. The device is capable of pumping water with minor impurities without sacrificing wear;
• high reliability achieved by simple design.

Along with the significant advantages of the equipment, there are also disadvantages of the device, which include:

• vibration generated by the pump negatively affects the borehole walls. If the walls are not fixed with specialized materials, then they gradually collapse;
• shallow working depth.

Vibratory pumps must not be installed below 5 m above ground level.

A screw-type submersible borehole pump consists of a housing (stator), inside which a spiral rotor rotates. When the rotor rotates, water is taken from the well and fed into the pipeline.

Screw pumps are capable of lifting water from a depth of 40-50 m, but due to the increased friction created inside the structure, the equipment requires periodic cleaning and replacement of working parts.

Screw pumps are mainly used for industrial purposes.

Well parameters affecting pump selection

The selection of a submersible pump should also be based on the parameters of the well, which can be obtained from technical passport structures, decorated after manufacture or measured independently with the help of a load and a long rope. The main parameters that matter when choosing a pump include:

• depth, defined as the distance from the surface of the earth to the bottom of the well. This indicator is necessary to determine the head of the device;
• borehole diameter is required to determine the diameter of the equipment. The pump should not touch the walls of the well, but also should not have a too small diameter, as this affects the performance of the device;

The optimal pump diameter is 20-30 mm less than the borehole diameter.

• well debit. The indicator determines the volume of water that can be raised from the well per unit of time. The correct determination of the debit affects the choice of pump power. Exceeding the capacity over the debit can lead to "drying out" of the water source;
• statistical and dynamic water levels. The statistical level determines the constant amount of fluid in the well. The dynamic level is calculated based on their constant consumption. These indicators are important to consider when choosing a pump for determining the immersion level.

Determination of technical parameters

The technical characteristics of the pump that you should pay attention to when choosing a submersible pump are the following parameters:

• equipment performance. This parameter shows how much liquid the pump can pump over a certain unit of time. The capacity can be calculated in m³ / hour. The calculation of performance is determined based on consumption rates and plumbing fixtures installed in the house on the basis of consumption rates developed by specialists;

• head height to which the pump can raise water. When calculating the indicator, the depth of the well and the length of the pipeline should be taken into account, and 10 m of length increase the height indicator by 1 m.To provide additional reserve, it is recommended to increase the obtained indicator by 5 - 12 m.For example, the depth of the well is 10 m. For drainage, a 20 m long pipeline is used . the minimum pump head must be 10 + 20/10 + 10 = 22 m.

A good submersible well pump should fulfill all the necessary requirements.

It will not be possible to select a submersible pump without determining the basic parameters.

Additional parameters for pump selection

To determine which better pump, it is also recommended to rely on additional parameters, which include:

• water quality. If the water contains a large number of impurities, it is more advisable to purchase a device equipped with additional filters or grinders;
• ways to start equipment. If the well is located near the house, then the pump can be turned on by hand. If the well is located at a considerable distance from the buildings, then it is better to purchase a submersible pump for the well with automation, that is, the device will work depending on the water flow;
• cost of equipment. It is not recommended to purchase cheap devices, as in the case of submersible pumps, the famous saying “a stingy pays twice” is used.

Installation rules for a submersible pump

Installation of a submersible pump in a well does not cause problems even for an inexperienced user. Each device comes with detailed instructions for the installation and use of equipment.

The equipment is installed according to the following scheme:

1. at the first stage, it is necessary to purchase all the components: a pump along which water will rise, a cable for fastening, an additional electrical cable, non-return valve, if it is not included in the pump kit;
2. before installation, it is necessary to assemble the structure into a single whole. Work begins with the installation of a check valve that prevents fluid backflow;

When installing a check valve, pay attention to the water flow. It is usually indicated by an arrow on the equipment itself.

1. then an adapter for the pipe is installed. All connections must be sealed with fum tape;
2. at the next stage, a pipe is connected, designed to raise water from their well;
3. every 80 - 100 cm a supply cable is fixed to the pipe. This can be done using insulating tape or specialized clamps;

The cable must not be tightened to the pipe. It should be slightly loosened.

1. is attached steel rope supporting the pump in the well;

1. the pump is lowered into the well to a previously determined level;

1. power supply is connected;
2. a cap is installed on the upper part of the well to prevent contamination.

You can learn more about the process of installing a borehole pump by watching the video.

The choice and installation of a borehole pump should be treated with utmost care. The wrong choice of equipment, as well as incorrect installation, will lead to the inoperability of the entire water supply system.