Cultivation of citrus crops in room conditions. Citrus Plants: Types, Features of Growing and Care
Land.
In practice, over the years, it turned out that the Earth does not have such a great effect for the cultivation of citrus. The biggest influence is light, heat and humidity; In comparison with them, the composition of the Earth does not have significant significance. Appointment of a substrate in a vase - to create sufficient conditions to plant roots to small space Take water, nutrients and air.
Briefly with citrus cultivation, you can be guided by the rules:
1. Vazon should not be big. Not used root Earth, especially wet, is the cause of rot and zakuats. The plant cares, drops the leaves. (My experience - I planted a small lemon in a 15-liter vase. He all summer stood on the veranda - under the wind, rain, the sun, even hail broke the leaves. Watering quite abundantly, with the addition of a weak infusion of chicken. So I watched the plant and gave him what he was missing. Lemon became so strong, big - everyone was surprised. Not in scientific, but it is so there. And in small vases everything is in science, and the growth is also small).
2. The abundance of water is harmful to the plant. Need good drainage. Replanting the plant, the vase in size is chosen for a couple of centimeters more. The shape of the vase should be such that the root to whom is spacious and it will easily "slipped" from the vason when it will need (my experience is the plant in big Vazona No need to transplant, the plant is not subject to stress: the lands are enough, spacious and good).
3. In the intervals between irrigation to give land to dry (do not dry). The water temperature should be 2 degrees higher than the air temperature. If the temperature of the substrate and irrigation water differs more than 8 degrees - the plant gets stress, resets flowers and fruits. The same when spraying the plant.
In a small vancing, the plant is good to "water" by water, immersing it together with the leaves in the dishes with water. When bubbles stop going out, pull out, pull the water to drain and put it in the pallet. If we water right in the vase, it is important to water around the edges of the vase to moisturize the roots that are near the walls of the vase. Water that flows after irrigation into the pallet, merge an hour. If water when watering quickly proceeds through the substrate, it means that the plant's soil is dangerous over, and the vase must be placed all with the leaves of the plant in the dishes with water.
Growing a plant in the apartment, it is necessary to spray it every day (only not in the sun). Drying is very dangerous for a young plant. But even if it drops all the leaves - it is not necessary to throw it out, the leaves can repel again. A moisturized bag is superimposed on the plant, and the leaves will not wait to wait. The plant across the leaves well takes not only water, but also fertilizer. If there is doubt - it is necessary to water or not yet - it is better to clean the plant, adding not only fertilizer when necessary, but also pesticides (not in the evening and not in the sun).
Watering, of course, depends on the conditions of cultivation and vegetation. Lemon is perfectly placed on the street, where the plant enjoys the dew, fog, raindrops. Plant really like it. And for practice - sometimes the plant is overflowing and water flows through the edge of the pallet; So that this does not happen, you can water through the pallet and pour into it as much water as the plant sucks. If necessary, you can repeat this procedure through several irregularities. Some flower products contribute to the cultivation of the roots, which should be reached to the water (my experience is to water only rain or melt water and always with a small number of those fertilizers that "asks" a plant).
4. Vases. Clay containers flow air, but they quickly dry out. Plastic holds moisture, but does not let the air. Wood containers have both positive properties, but they are short-lived.
The roots of the plant breathe air, which passes through the bottom of the vase, so the drainage of the vase is obligatory, and water should not remain in the pallet after watering. The Vazone is selected by the size of the plant, the composition of the substrate, at the place where it will stand (in the sun black vase heats up). In a large plastic vase, drill side holes so that the plant could breathe (my experience - in a large vase I did not drill a hole; true, in the vase periodically stick thin wooden sticks).
If you use a wooden vase, it is impossible to handle it chemical compositions. It is best to handle with flaxseed oil mixed with ash, and pushed charcoal. The clay vase in the sun dries quickly, and the salts climb the walls of the vase, which is why air does not pass through them. But the clay rone prevents the plants to rot against the roots, as in the plastic vase; In addition, if the vase is not standing on the balcony, it can be burned to the ground in the garden.
Roots of the plant over time restlings in the walls of the vase. It is these thin roots in the wooden vases, these thin roots suffer from drying out - then the edges of the leaves will dry (this is often the cause of drying the edges of the leaves). When cultivating citrus fruits, most often use square containers - they save space, provide microclimate (nearby plants guard each other from overheating, moisture loss, comfortably spray the leaves). In large vases, the upper layer of the Earth is periodically replaced. Any vases must be protected from sunlight.
A place.
Choosing a place for citrus fruits is one of the important tasks. In the apartment there is a dangerous plant to put on the windowsill both in the winter and summer. In winter, they warm the batteries, and they are most often located under the windowson. Cold air from the window cools the substrate and roots, which causes their rotting. Dry and warm room air dries leaves, and we often water the plant. Where there is a plant, the battery needs to cover something or put a moisturizer. Vasel must be lifted so that it is not cooled by its bottom.
Lemon - a plant that loving warm and enough sunny place; Loves a greenhouse. (My experience - after spring and up to autumn frosts, lemons are in an open place - steps of the veranda). When in the fall of cold nights or temperature difference in the afternoon and at night is big, covering the plants by the agro-tree at night. They stand on the south side of the house, covered with the north of the wall. Citrus is very stable, if you teach it from an early age, just need to look at the leaves - they show the problems available at the plant.
When the plant after the winter is put out into the street, it is necessary to gradually teach it to the open sunshine - with unusual there may be burns on the leaves.
Shine.
A sufficient lighting intensity is one of the most important citrus growth conditions. Lack of light can affect the assimilation of the water plant. There are "long" and "short" days, citrus fruits belong to neutral.
Still, the problems are identified in winter - it is necessary to reduce the temperature and watering, otherwise the plant begins unhealthy growth: due to the lack of light, the branches are pulled out, the leaves are fine. This is a problem for apartments. Plant, though growing, later can reset the leaves and even perish, lose too much a lot of reserve energy. The only way out is to find a balance between irrigation, air humidity, temperature and lighting. Then there may be additional lighting. By the way, for citrus, it is not necessarily direct lighting, they are good and with a scattered bright light, but they do not tolerate long shadows.
In the summer, when the plants are standing on the street, at noon sometimes they have to cover them and make a temporary shadow from the intense rays of the sun.
Temperature.
Beginners of fans citrusters often imagine that in the homeland citrus fruits grow in very warm conditions that we cannot create. It is true - citrus fruits love heat and in our climatic conditions Catch every sunlight. Still, on the native plantations, the average annual temperature is 16-18 degrees, the average temperature of the ripening of fruits is 9-15 degrees. In places of natural cultivation, the average temperature of the coldest month of 7-14 degrees.
So what temperature is acceptable in our conditions? Citrus endurance, in the absence of flowers or fruits, long (up to 3 hours) can be in a minus temperature, as well as up to 50 degrees of heat (this can happen in a greenhouse or on the windowsill). This, of course, slows down plant development, And with a longer exposure, they can destroy them. Just as the difference in the temperature of irrigation water and the substrate at 8 degrees can lead the plant into the shock state and the rapid transfer of the plant from the dark place on the bright light - from the house under the right rays of the sun - can destroy the plant.
Temperature effects:
Vegetation and cultivation of fruits: 22-24 degrees;
- blossom: 14-16 degrees;
- Testing of fruit flowers: 22-24 degrees
- Zazyzi fall at a temperature of 30 degrees;
- ripening of fruits: 14-18 degrees;
- Seed germination: 20-25 degrees;
- wintering: 5-10 degrees;
- Active spring height: 12 degrees;
- growth stops below 12 degrees and above 38 degrees;
- The temperature of water for watering and spraying citrusms should be higher than the substrate temperature by 1-2 degrees (if water is warmer or colder substrate by 8 degrees, the plant will receive stress);
- The air temperature should be higher than that of the substrate, by 1-3 degrees.
Transpiration.
Transpiration is evaporation of moisture by a plant through the leaves; 98% of the water passing through the plant is spent for transpiration. It is of great importance in the cultivation of citrus. The leaves of the plant should be clean, without dust, without spraying with glitter for leaves, etc. At high temperature and wind, the intensity of the evaporation of moisture increases by 6 times compared to conventional weather. Sometimes, it would seem that the plant created all the conditions, and it begins to reset the leaves. One of the reasons - the failure of the fluid flow balance in the plant.
Air humidity at 22-24 degrees: 60-70%;
Air humidity in winter: 40-50%.
Water must be soft, without chlorine. Ideal - soft fresh rainwater (it contains air, slightly acidic, pH 6-6.5). Pure rainwater is collected 15 minutes after the start of the rain.
Some tips for the cultivation of citrus in the apartment.
Many examples show that the cultivation of citrus in the house is quite possibly. Of course, it is necessary to pay attention to them more, especially in winter. All citrus problems during the cultivation in the conditions of the apartment increase significantly, but citrus stems have a property to adapt.
In the apartment you can grow citrus:
Whole year;
- to be carried out into the air;
- If you find a place for wintering (about 10 degrees).
Positive side - Plants are less prone to fungal diseases, because fungi do not like dry air, except that herself will bring these diseases somewhere.
In the apartments, the temperature is too high (sometimes the same day and night), low humidity - it is also harmful for a person. Caring for plants, it is desirable to bring air humidity to 60%, it is useful for plants and a person.
For all citrus fruits, winter rest is needed at low temperatures. The apartment in the plant comes the rest period due to lack of light intensity, which can destroy plants. Wintering is held in a cool place (10 degrees) with minimal irrigation, because sleeping roots do not take moisture and begin to rot. Leaves sometimes spray. The conditions of wintering depend on the type of citrus.
Three months citrus can be in a dark room - in the basement, garage, on staircase etc. (This concerns strong and healthy plants; for fans citrusters, it can be difficult, for it will be difficult to control plants).
In the cold room, when plants fall into the hibernation, it stops watering and spraying, since at low temperatures there are enough moisture from the air. Of course, fertilizer also stops. It is impossible to leave plants to wintering in places of chemical evaporation. When checking plants, you cannot be dried.
Warm wintering.
If the plant is wintering in a warm room - put it in the right place, we reduce watering. Young unseen twigs in short, as in the spring they will still be lost, and in the winter they will bother the plant.
Isolate the plant from the batteries; We organize everything so that warm air flows do not reach the plants. Also protect the plant from cold air flows; Cold Vase and Dry Warm Leaves will lead to the death of the plant.
In winter, spray the plant through the leaves more intense than water. The solution can be made slightly nutritious.
Plants in winter spend more resources than they are able to take. If growing, then they are pulled out, as they want to get more light and moisture. You have to make additional lighting.
In the spring we add moisture when we see that the plant wakes up; We gradually begin to feed.
Citrus people do not like the same temperature at night and day. At night, it is necessary or to air the room, or to relate heating. Anyway, it is unnatural for citrus conditions - heat Wintering and dry air.
In winter, the substrate is not more dangerous, but a general decrease in plant fluids. If the leaves of citrus winter begin to dry out, do not rush to water the plant, since vacationing roots will begin to rot. All attention must be focused on air humidity, spraying and spraying water around the plant. You can put a plant into an aquarium or next to another plant (but not to another vase), you can fix the cellophane bag over the plant.
Landing-transplantation.
The transplant is an inevitable process, after which we look at the plant as on a critical patient, for which any stress can turn into death.
Young citrus frozen every year or a year old, older - more and less. The older the plant, the more stress in the transplantation.
Adult plants change the top layer of the Earth, and, while it is possible, it would be good to change the lateral land (picking up a random Vase). The new substrate should be nutritious, it is desirable to add to it overloaded manure.
Citrus seedlings are picked when the first pair of leaves appears.
Transplancing citrus fruits early in spring before the commemoration of the vegetation (during the rest period). Then the plant is introduced into a lighter and warm room, gradually increasing heat and light. When the first signs of growth appear, the moisture increases and only then fertilize.
If the plant is warm, it is possible to transplant it in the fall, if the earth is sufficiently warm and rooting will occur until November. Summer transplant is possible only without damage to the lump of roots, between two periods of growth; Then they hold the plant in the shade. In winter, you can transfer citrus with the destruction of the earth coma, since the roots at this time are lowactive; It is unacceptable for plants without leaves, at temperatures below 12 degrees.
Plants transplant if they are purchased in the store and if necessary (diseases, clogging of the Earth, etc.) at any time, after the transplantation takes all measures to save plants.
Citrus Transplant Rules are the same as for other plants. If the roots are damaged, they are disinfected. Landing is carried out in a wet substrate, as the plant is watered only the next day. When transplanting on the roots, some of the old Earth is necessarily left, since it lives bacteria that contribute to the absorption of nutrient roots. If it is impossible to do this, you need to take a little earth from a vason of another citrus.
The plant is planting at the same level, prevailing the base of the cervix. After transplantation, the plant is shared; No other conditions should be changed, so that there is no stress. Citrus need quite a lot of attention; Errors fix it is not easy. The critical period after a transplant is 6 months.
If the transplant decreases the volume of the roots - we take a smaller vase. Then cut the crown in proportion to the roots. Crown trimming does not harm and with small damage to the roots.
If, after a transplantation in the plant, undesirable branches appear with leaves - let them grow, let the plant breathe - this contributes to the growth of the roots. They can be trimmed later.
Trimming.
If we want to get a good crop, cut citrus items.
The main thing is to cut it often so that the pruning is moderate. And note that the brains at the same time should work faster than hand.
Rules of trimming of citrus sackers are similar to the rules of trimming fruit trees. There may be different trim objectives, so there will be a difference in time and methods. The main goal is to form a crown and maintain a plant in good shape. Trimming is carried out during the life of the plant for its rejuvenation, stimulation of the growth of the lower branches, the cutting of the crown, during transplantation, to obtain abundant harvest etc. The opinion that pruning has a direct impact on the harvest, erroneously; It only rejuvenates the plant.
Fertilizers and pruning plants have a close connection. A well-fertilized plant needs smaller trimming, and the crop will be more. On the other hand, trimming can be reduced by a crop so as not to overload the plant. With a large trimming, citrus growth slows down, so you need to find harmony between trimming and harvest. It also depends on the type of plant; Some citrushs have a tendency to thickening the crown.
The features of citrus trimming can be consulted by a specialist.
Fertilizer.
Fertilizer contributes to the development of the plant, but this is not a way to "pump" the plant in the hope of a wonderful result. Fertilizer is carefully selected to not harm the plant; Moreover, the plant has a recreation period that can break.
General Fertilizer Rules:
Not fertilize dry ground;
- take into account the temperature, the growing period;
- frequent watering or rain flips fertilizers.
The plant itself says what he needs. For this, there are many rules that know flowerflowers with experience. (If a plant beer, it is not only powered, but also glitters. Some citrus pests are scary not fond of beer).
Plants with constant care usually feel quite good. After the Citrus transplantation for two months do not need to be superficial. Some citrusters are recommended to feed citrus not only beer, but also residues of coffee or tea. Often it is impossible to feed the plant - it is more dangerous to reconcile than not to read.
Diseases.
It is known that a strong plant has a good immunity. We must remember that destroying pests, we destroy and livestock that helps the plant to exist and defend. When spraying against pests, you can feed the plant through the leaves. If the pests can be collected by their hands - great, but you can not rub the leaves with a brush (only solid branches or trunk). When spraying, first handle the bottom side of the sheet.
Health.
What kind of health gives a cytrus? His smell kills bacteria and viruses; Positively act on a person its essential oils. Plants, not only citrus, absorb harmful discharges that radiate the environmental devices. Plants have a positive effect on the psyche and the health of their favorite people.
So ... if we want to multiply your citrus
Sing citrus seeds and then we instill, spread the citrus cutters. If the plant does not bloom, you can instill a branch of a blooming citrus; Fruits will be like a parent plant.
Citrus species are recognized on the leaves.
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Grow citrus bedroom plants at home - lessons, though interesting, but far from simple. Therefore, those who believe that it will be enough to plant a bone to the ground, and all the lemons for tea can not be bought. Without special knowledge, the first crop citrus bedroom plants if they give, not earlier than in twenty years.
But if you know some nuances and correctly grow, observing all the rules, then you can rejoice in the fruits it will be much faster. But it is important not to make a mistake in choosing a variety. For growing on the windowsill, only those citrus plants are suitable, which were vaccinated on the seedlings of orange, lemon, grapefruit or kumquat. Such cultures that were grown from cut from the fruiting trees have been proven well.
Difficulties in growing home citrus plants
It would seem that it's easier: you need to go into a flower shop and buy a pot in which the blooming or already giving the fruit of any citrus is "Golden Orange", Lemon Meyer, care at home for which is not very complicated, or mandarin. A tree just need to bring home, put on the windowsill in the right place and start watering. But this is not at all as much as it is really difficult to grow lemon or mandarin at home, moreover, this process is somewhat different from the care of ordinary instances.
Those plants that are sold today in flower shops, most often fall on the counters from abroad, mostly from Holland. There, from the first day, it is contained in ideal conditions: the optimal temperature for growth, high humidity is supported, light-flower is supplied, and fertilizers for citrus plants are constantly introduced into the soil. When buying on dwarf trees, there can be a dozen and more fruits on the moment of their sale.
But after entering the windowsill, beautiful citrus bedroom plants begin to immediately collide with stressful conditions. In our houses, the illumination is much lower - several times, and the air (special in winter) compared to the greenhouse is incredibly dry, and the growth stimulants later stop helping.
Therefore, in conditions of their deficit internal resources Citrus room plants are beginning to throw all the strength to keep those fruits that they in the store were so abundantly swept. And as a result, the overwhelming majority of purchased "pets" dies. 
Types suitable for growing at home
Citrus cultures have long been known to man. Their people actively cultivate so much time that in nature it became difficult to detect their wild ancestors. Most often, cytrucs are cultivated in the open soil in countries where tropical or subtropical climate reigns. And it is from there that their fruits supply on store shelves at all corners of the planet.
A beginner plant that cannot give too much attention and time to growing a pet on her windowsill, you need to choose such varieties of citrus plants of indoor, which is easier to care for. If we talk about subspecies for a small apartment, then the beginners are preferable to raise lemon, mandarin and trifoliate, since their growth is easier to restrain. In turn, oranges, grapefruits or pomelo, characterized by large sizes, in a couple of tens of years turn into a sufficiently bulky tree.
As for exotic varieties, today a close relative of Mandarin is quite common - Citrus Kumkvat Nagami, as well as Kalamondin. Speaking of amazing varieties, it is necessary to mention the hand of the Buddha.
Shining
The most convenient option for solving independently grown citrus culture will be, of course, young plantwhich is purchased in a specialized store. But not always the purchase of the village is coming in the house due to many reasons. However, if nevertheless, the culture moved from the store to the apartment, you need to contact the seller and receive a recommendation from it to adapt the citrus in the new conditions.
Initially, the plant should be inspected. If it has fruits on it, then they will have to cut. The seven or ten days of the citrus should be left in the shopping pot, and only after that transfer to the new one.
Best at home, citrus trees are caring, grown from the material obtained by shifting. Of course, beginners who are poorly represented how to grow mandarin, lemon, etc., it will be difficult to properly multiply the plant, but the citrus is growing at home, it is quite easy to make it enough.
Escape for a cutlery should be cut off with a well-developed and healthy citrus tree. The length of the planting material should be from ten to twelve centimeters. It should have at least three kidneys. It is not recommended to use both too young and quite old shoots that have dense wood.
Better time For the workpiece of cuttings, April is considered. The rooting of the planting material can be carried out in a glass with water or in the ground and sand and sand. In the latter case, the cuttings should be covered, for example, a plastic bottle. The roots will appear in about twenty days. After that, the rooted cuttings can already be planted in a permanent pot.
Planting material - seeds
It is often possible to hear that the bone planted in the ground over time turns into a luxurious citrus tree. But, even though the cultivation of mandarin or lemon from the seed is the most affordable for lovers in the method of reproducing this type of plants, the result is often unpredictable.
As a result, you can get a culture, the fruits of which will be much less than the parent form, but you can grow a new excellent pet. Judging by the reviews, the use of seeds, pulled out of fruits as a planting material, often leads to a lack of flowering in such seedlings.
To bring a seedler begins to approximately after a month and a half, and it should be replant at the stage of the appearance of five leaves.
How to grow Mandarin
After the juicy fruits purchased in the store of this citrus are eaten, the remaining bones can be used as a landing material. For the greatest probability of the success of the event, it is better for the seeds to be more, because it will be sprouting unequivocally. Therefore, to get seedlings you need to take from a dozen bones.
The planting material for several days is placed in gauze and smeared slightly. It is necessary for the bones, swelling, "proceeded."
Mandarin at home can be raised in a special land purchased in a flower shop for citrus. Although, in principle, almost any light soil is suitable for this culture. For example, in a mixed in equal proportions of the turf and leaf land, to which the compost and overwhelming dull levels will be added, the tangerine will be very comfortable. Do not make a peat-based ground. We must not forget about the need for drainage. Before the emergence of the first germs, quite a long time should pass. Noticeable sprouts become only in two or three weeks, and sometimes in a month.
Mandarin is a tree that grows quite slowly at home, and it sometimes suspends its height. Therefore, you should not lose hope and enthusiasm, because when providing this citrus of all necessary conditions, it grows into a very beautiful tree.
Caring for tangerine
According to agronomists, Mandarin is very unpretentious in a tree content, and not only among citrus, but also many other plants, but it still requires compliance with certain rules. Most. important condition It is an abundance of sunlight. For mandarin, intensive lighting up to twelve hours per day is year-round.
Watering and transplanting
No less precious mandarin applies to moisture. In the summer months it should be abundant to water, without flooding, while in winter the water supply should be cut, periodically tracing so that the ground does not drive. In addition, it is necessary to spray the leaves every day, using for this purpose filtered or boiled clean water. You can compensate for dryness air, if you position next to the mandarin, a small decorative room fountain. As the tree grows, it periodically needs to transplant in larger pots. It is best to exercise in the early spring. At the same time, the new pot must have a diameter for three or five centimeters more than the previous one.
The tangerine transplant is made by transshipment method, while you need to maximize the old earthen com, to accidentally not harm the root system of the plant. For the first time, blooming plants need to adjust the number of uncess. In the first year, there are two or three fetus, on the second - seven or eight, and then - about ten.
How to grow an orange tree
Care at home after this type of citrus culture is not very different from the conditions of growing mandarin. As soon as the purchased tree and the one that has grown in the house for many years, it is necessary to transplant every year. The best time for this is spring when the plant is only preparing to spend energy energy. For young crops, a regular watering and spraying are a must for normal existence.
Bloom
Orange tree, home care for which does not represent a lot of difficulty, will give Zovazi if the crown is correctly formed. This plant blooms and fruits at twigs not lower than fifth orders, so you should not expect fruit appearance earlier than in five years. Krone is easy formed. When the twigs reaches the length of ten and fifteen centimeters, they are plugged. Soon, new shoots begin to awaken out of the side kidneys, which should also be crushed. As a result, only five years later, you can get an orange tree with a lot of short shoots.
At the same time, the room should be cool: 17-20 degrees. At higher temperatures, the fruits are not tied, and the plant itself is ill or amazed by pests.
Room lemons
Of all varieties, Pavlovsky is considered the most unpretentious. This type of lemon feels well even on the northeast or northwestern windowsill, it is comfortable in relatively dry air and with rare feeders.
Almost as unpretentious is the variety of panderosis, but he needs more light. True, this type of lemon has a special "syndrome", found only from him: it gives too many flowers to harm the green mass. Therefore, unnecessary buds need to constantly cut down.
A little less often meets Lemon Meyer, care at home, followed by following certain rules: in their non-compliance, it grows very slowly. However, the flowerflowers even with a little experience can simply put the pot on the light window sill, from time to time the plant is to feed, and when necessary and spray.
Fans of exotic
Citrus in our understanding is a lemon, orange, mandarin. But there are such representatives of this type of plants, which many of us did not even hear. Mandarins are interested in Sort by Unshu, which compared to other representatives of the form relatively tolerant to bad illumination and unpretentious, as well as Pavlovsky lemon.
Other citrus relatives are Kumkvat and Kalamondin. Lovers of original indoor plants are definitely worth getting from these species.
Speaking of exotes, it is necessary to mention and grade Buddha's hand. This citrus is distinguished by an unusual view of his fetus: it resembles a lemon color, and externally, a meatful brush on his hand. However, inside edible pulp is not contained. Nevertheless, the fruit is so exotic that it is definitely worth growing at home.
Citrus room plants are not only a wonderful decoration of dwellings, but also with useful plants whose fruits are distinguished by the wealth of vitamins and beautiful taste. However, the cultivation of these southern delicacies in the house requires special conditions that differ for each variety of fruit. In this article we will look at how to grow citrus in a pot in the conditions of a city apartment.
Features of Citrus growing
Citrus cultivation at home involves compliance with the basic rules for the care of southern crops.
First of all, indoor citrus is needed correctly selected soil. For the basis, you can take the "floral" or "lemon" soil, diluting it in one part by foliage, sand and humus and three parts of the turf. According to the structure, such a soil will be low-acid, lumpy and loose, which will provide free access of oxygen and moisture to the root system of the plant.
Plant to plant better in clay pots, which, thanks to their properties, are excellent heat conductors. In addition, such pots are "breathing", which will allow excess moisture to evaporate without lingering in the soil.
Citrus in pots need to maintain the optimal level of humidity - not less than 65%. The fruit grown in humid air will turn out juicy and tasty, but when an excess of moisture is threatened by dip and dedication. Citrus houses must be watering as the soil drying: in winter it happens once a month, in the summer - once every 1-2 weeks. On hot days and during the heating season, the plant needs regular spraying.
The apartment most often citrus stands on the windowsill, since it is there that the plant will be provided with sufficient access to light and heat. If the lighting is not enough (for example, on the northern or northwest side of the apartment), it is necessary to provide citrus with additional lighting with conventional lamps with good heat transfer. The temperature during the entire period of development should not be lowered below +8 degrees. In winter, the temperature regime must be maintained in the area + 12-15 degrees, and with the onset of spring - not lower than +18. Due to warm temperatures and high-quality lighting, the plant will begin to produce buds, the bloom of which marks the proximity of fruiting.
Citrus reproduction is produced at the end of the summer by separating the growing escape from the main stalk. This escape is neatly trimmed and inspired at the bottom of the bark, after which it sinks into a pre-prepared pot with a nutrient soil, which is fertile to moss, manure and a small number of peat. The pot must necessarily have holes at the bottom, which are necessary for outflow of excess water.
It can be propagated by seeds and vaccination, but it is better to get better familiar with the varietal characteristics of the plant, since even fertile trees in reproduction can become unbendable.
Citrus trimming is needed not only to maintain the health of the plant, but also for the formation of a beautiful rounded form, which can be created after the second year of life of the plant. If the aesthetic side requires trimming of too long shoots, then vegetative - too thick. The shoots that grow inside the crown and impede the free development of the kidneys due to their numerous, should also be deleted. Pruning is produced in spring, all cuts are made at an angle.
If you are interested in how to grow your own citrus tree, then options here are two cuttings or bone at home. The apartment for this is suitable ideal because it contains conditions that are as close as possible to the greenhouse. Best way It is recognized as cultivation of cuttings, since such a way will provide you with fruits in the coming years, while plants obtained from seeds begin to be fron at best, not earlier than in 10 years.
Consider the varieties of citrus trees for the apartment in more detail.
Lemon Tree
Lemon tree is an unpretentious and resistant type of citrus fruits, which shows good fruiting and frost resistant results. In addition, lemon gets great in conditions of insufficient illumination and moisture. However, it should be remembered that the lemon tree needs regular trimming and fertilizers, since a well-kept tree will provide you with delicious and fragrant fruits.
Lamon landing is made from seeds or cuttings. As already mentioned, plants from the seed will begin to be froning only after 10-15 years. For development, the landing material of Pavlovsky varieties, Maykopsky, Novogruzinsky is used, are varieties specifically created for home conditions.
Lemon care is easy: regular watering, bait, crown cropping. The only thing that may represent the complexity is the need to annually transplant lemon tree into a pot of larger volume.
House mandarins
Mandarin, like lemon, requires regular spring transplant. In addition, he is more thermally loving and picky to the level of humidity. Home mandarine is better not to keep at temperatures below +20 degrees, otherwise the plant will die quickly. However, the explicit advantage of the species is its faster deadline for fruiting - after 5-6 years it is possible to develop fruits.
Mandarin, in addition to the requirements for lighting and moisture, also needs regular feeding and pest treatment. Unfortunately, these plants are very susceptible to damaging the tool, a spider tick and a mild cherver. The problem of mandarin is the complexity of the flowering process, which often needs stimulation.
Orange
Orange tree in the apartment is not only a supplier of sweet fruits throughout the year, but also a source of wonderful aroma. However, the problem of orange consists in its poor tolerability of low temperatures, which will require constant temperature maintenance at the level of 18-24 degrees. In addition, the orange requires direct sunlight at least 2 hours a day, but not more than 3, which represents complexity when choosing a place of cultivation, since with all this tree does not like anxiety and permutations.
This type of citrus is needed regular watering and spraying, which should be carried out at least 2 times a week. The best varieties of domestic oranges are Gamlin, the Miscellenge-shaped queen, Washington brought and Adjarsky.
Kalamondin
Calamondin is a citrus plant, according to the appearance of fruits resembling mandarin. However, unlike the last Calamondin, it is less whimsical to lighting and moisture, besides, it is very frost-resistant as for a tropical plant. In height, the tree reaches 90 cm, and the fruits brings round year.
Grow calamondine is better from cuttings or ready-made annual plants purchased in the store. Such a tree will begin to be froned for 2-3 years.
Despite the resistance to the cold optimal temperature Growing in the summer are 21-25 degrees with a humidity of 70%, and in winter - 10-16 degrees with a humidity of 50%. Such a regime will provide a plant healthy and abundant fruit.
Grapefruit
Home grapefruit can be obtained from Duncan and Marsh varieties. This kind of citrus stems for the conditions of content resembles lemon. However, grapefruit needs more abundant and frequent watering and the maximum amount of sunlight.
Citron
The citron is a plant with very large yellow fruits (from 15 cm long) and thick skin. Pavlovsky varieties are suitable for home cultivation, Buddha's hand and peace. It should be remembered that the size of the fruits need a high tree (1.5 m), which should ensure the abundance of sunlight and warm temperatures throughout the year.
Video "Cultivation of citrus houses"
From this video you will learn how to grow and care at home behind Lemon, Mandarin, Lime.
Many citrus representatives in creating favorable conditions are well developing and growing in various residential and administrative premises. The most popular of them - lemon, can be found in apartments and offices, school classes and in preschool institutions, in clinics and shops. It is not easy to grow this nationwide pet, you have to spend a lot of time and effort on its cultivation and care. Mandarin, Orange, Lime, Pomelo, Grapefruit are required of the same attention. All of them have numerous useful qualities, one of which is the presence in the leaves of biologically active substances capable of destroying pathogenic bacteria. Create everything the necessary conditions For citrus fruits in a house or apartment, for each lover of indoor plants.
Cutter plant care in the apartment
Location and lighting
The place of cultivation of citrus plants should not be on the windowsill from the northern part of the house, near the microwave oven, in drafts and near the central heating batteries or other heating appliances. Citrus belongs to shadowish cultures, so more favorable them to place them on the eastern or western window, but you can also at a short distance from the southern windowsill.
Temperature
For plants, the places are dangerous on which the warm and cold air is found, and there is also an elevated air temperature. If you have at least one of these unfavorable moments, the leaves on citrus are beginning to be down.
In the period from November to February, when cultures are in the period of rest, a special content mode is introduced - low air temperature in the room, the absence of any water procedures (spraying and irrigation) and feeding.
Air humidity
The level of humidity of the air should be high. It is possible to maintain it with the help of daily spraying, the water temperature should not be below 25 degrees. Punched air indoor citrus plants are carried out painfully.
Watering
It is not recommended to use water water water, the presence in it chlorine will negatively affect the indoor pets. Watering water (with a temperature of 20-22 degrees) should be estimated and a bit acidified. To do this, add a few drops of vinegar to it.
Choosing a pot
The perfect material for the pot is a non-aggregated clay or tree. Must be drainage holes and a good drainage layer at the bottom of the floral capacity.
Soil requirements
Room Citrus will receive full-fledged development only in a special substrate for this type of plant. A high-quality soil mixture is recommended to purchase only in specialized stores for flower products so that its quality does not cause doubt.
Feeding and fertilizer
Feeding exotic citrus plants is required regularly from February to November. You can use organic fertilizers or minerals with nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus content.
Logging room citrus
Lemons, tangerines, oranges and other exotes can multiply by seeds, cuttings and vaccinations. Each flower breeding dreams of growing an exotic citrus plant from a conventional bone, which will not only germinate and let the sprouts, but in time will turn into a small tree and will give a lot of fruits.
Grow citrus from the seed, already from the very beginning of his life path the immunity of the plant is stronger and the resistance to life increases. After all, gentle young culture has to adapt to unusual conditions for it from the very first days. Usually, with the extension of the seeds of large problems, it does not arise, but bloom and fruiting will have to expect from 7 to 15 years. The flavors of the fruits also leave much to be desired. In order for culture blooming much earlier, you will need to make vaccination. Usually, experienced flowerflowers and gardeners are recommended to be used as a citrus cutter cut, which are already bringing fruit.
When growing exotic cultures in room conditions It is necessary to take into account the fact that plants can achieve a high height. It is better to immediately acquire for planting seeds of dwarf species and varieties.
Reproduction of seeds
Remove recommended freshly collected seeds, taken directly from the fruit. The depth of planting is no more than 3 cm. The planting container should accommodate the volume of about 2 liters with mandatory drainage holes at the bottom. Drainage is poured onto the bottom, and then a special substrate for citrus. After planting a pot, you need to cover with a glass jar or film to create greenhouse conditions in which shoots will appear much earlier. Depending on the variety and type of culture, shoots will appear in the range from 7 days to 2 months. If several sprouts appeared from one seed, then over time it is necessary to leave only one more stronger and strong plant.
Reproduction of cuttings
For rooting, you need to take the top cuttings and plant them into wet river sand under a slight slope, covering the cut-off plastic bottle from the transparent material. Favorable temperature for the formation of roots - 20-25 degrees. The place should be well lit, but protected from direct sunlight. The first roots may appear in about a month, after which the plant transplant is carried out into a special soil mixture. When transplanting, it is necessary to take care of the root part, as it can be easily damaged.
This method is considered the most common, because it allows you to preserve all the best qualitative characteristics of the parent plant. Flowering and fruiting occurs significantly earlier than when seed reproduction.
Graft
The vaccination can be carried out by the method of eyepling or copulating. Provision and dive can be from different species Citrus. It is recommended to use for lemon, orange or grapefruit.
Diseases and pests
Possible citrus pests as indoor crops - TLL, web tick, shield, mealybugPossible diseases - anthracnose, warts and gommind. The emerging diseases are difficult to treat, so you need to try to prevent them. At the first signs of the disease, it is recommended to "help" plants. This help is to urgently remove the affected leaves, buds and fruits, then the plant will send all their strength to recovery and preserve healthy parts.
The main and most common cause of diseases and pests is a violation of the conditions of detention and rules of care. With increased attention to room pets and strict compliance with their requirements and preferences, such a danger is not threatened.
Citrus growing conditions (video)
Organize home the tropics - plant the bedroom citrus plants. They and the interior diverse, and delight tasty juicy fruits.
These plants are inherent special charm, because for us they are a manifestation of something exotic. IN middle lane Citrus countries will not see Russia on the street or in the park, this beauty is available only in room conditions. Yes, and here they exhibit their enough capricious temper, and above all it concerns the wintering. It was this period that the most difficult oranges for the orange lemons are not all. What do you need citrus in general and in winter in particular?
Lighting
The task number one is to provide sufficient lighting plants, because they are very vigorous (they should only protect them from the midday sun).The most optimal is to place extends on the southeastern or southwestern windows, and in the summer - in the garden, under the light shadow of the trees. In winter, it is advisable to provide "pets" additional intensive lighting, so that the light day is at least 12 hours. If there are little light, the plant, alas, will not be able to fully develop.
For the summer, citrus plants are desirable to endure in the garden and be sure to put on a sunny place.
Cool wintering
The second condition of good growth of bright exotic is to reduce the temperature in winter to 12-16 C. In the absence of cool wintering citrus, they usually do not live longer than 3-4 years, gradually depleted and dying. Rest Southerner lasts from November to February. At the beginning - mid-February, when the day begins to add, most citrus crops wake up and go into growth.Winter garden or heated to 3-12 ° C greenhouse - Ideal places for wintering Kalamondina:
And Clementine:
The fruits hang on the branches all winter and begin to ripen only by the spring.
Watering
It is impossible to harvest, and the life of plants in general without the correct irrigation regime. It is impossible to allow too large breaks between watering, during which the "pets" suffer from the oversupply of moisture, then from the lack. "Walk" citrus representatives of the flora should be so that the substrate in the pots never swam and was moistened to the bottom.In the period of active growth in spring and summer, especially in dry and hot weather, it means that the watering can be taken daily! In winter, it is necessary to check every 2-3 days, as far as the substrate is dominated, and if necessary to water the exot.
Fighting pests
If you water the plants correctly, they do not have stress. And this is very important because this negative factor reduces the resilience of your favorites to pest attacks, such as a web tick and a shield. Fight with them with the help of special protection tools for use in the residential room. Later you can safely use the fruits into food, since active substances are usually disintegrated within a few weeks. But healthy plantThat is climbing and from March to October, weekly (with the rest of the time 2 times a month) feed fertilizers for citrus, it is able to confront enemies itself.Black raid - a consequence of the vital activity of the shield. Pests allocate the adhesive secret on which a sage mushroom is set. To get rid of the attack, spray the plant with such a solution: in 1 liter of water, diverge 20 ml of vodka and liquid soap. Wipe the leaves with a soft cloth.
And one more good news: care for all citrus plants regardless of the type and variety by and large not much different. Once snecessing, you can literally reaping even the most exotic fruits, such as a citron.
Such different citrus
W. citron, or Cement (Citrus Medica), Fruits are the largest among citrus. Essential oil is obtained from the peel, which is used to aromatize beverages, confectionery and culinary products.Ponzir trite (Poncirus Trifoliata) is one of the most cold-resistant citrus representatives: withstands the decrease in temperature to -20 ° C. Collect the harvest of his beautiful, but sincere fruits can be since September.
Ordinary Lemon (Citrus Limon) 'Variegata' - Real Usland for both eyes and stomach. The flesh of his striped fruits is very juicy and nice sour taste.
Lemons Mature all year round. Therefore, you can tear environmentally friendly fruits when you only please and use in food with the zest.
Buddha's hand - This is the name of the citron (Citrus Medica) 'Digitata', the fruits of which are distinguished by a bizarre shape and very fragrant peel.
Oranges (Citrus Sinensis), for example, 'OVALE Calabrese' varieties, sweet taste, even if they rose in our latitudes.
Oranges (Citrus Sinensis) ' Vainiglia'Especially delicate taste.
Fortonell Oval, or Kumkvat, Or the Golden Orange (Fortunella Margarita), no one else leaves indifferent: one simply adore him, others are experiencing a real disgust.
After all, his minor fruits eat in the whole, that is, the zest is not removed. The skin of them is sweet, and the flesh is sour - together they form a non-comparable combination.
Not everyone by pocket
West aristocrats have grown southern citrus plants for their own needs since the XVII century, as well as wishing to surprise their guests with rare fruits. For bright thermo-loving exotes, the greenhouses were built: rooms with large windows, later - whole buildings from glass that were heated by firewood, which was very expensive.Especially popular with collectors used pomeranic (Citrus Aurantium), or bitter orange (so far the fans of citrus and gourmets are especially highly appreciated by Pomeraneta 'Fasciata' with bright yellow-orange striped fruits). By the way, the classic English orange jam is prepared from the pulp and strips of the zesto precipice.
- When to carry out trimming citrus?
For the secateur you can take from March to August, shorting too long shoots. Trimming the tops of shoots makes the crown thicker and stimulates the formation of fruits.
- Why are citrus fruits often drop a lot of uncens?
- What features can be determined that fruits matured?
- What if the citrus plant does not want to bloom?
The fruits of indoor citrus (Citrus), unlike domestic pineapple, are quite suitable for use. Moreover, they have a milder taste than the fruits of wild trees, and therefore are more preferable for allergies. Built citrus at home, even because of their unique aroma filling the room with freshness. If you do not have a citrus at home, we recommend paying attention to this plant. Care at home for citrus is not complicated, and the result will exceed all your expectations. Well, about the beneficial properties of citrus and speak not to speak - this is an excellent plant for the prevention of colds.
Family:Rutovy, light-minded, moderate moisturizing.
In indoor culture, many representatives of the kind of cytrus are grown.
They grow rapidly, beautifully bloom, and the fruits in most cases are tasty and helpful. Basically, it is the lowest evergreen trees with an emission crown and large emerald leaves with a glossy surface. When viewed by their light, a large number of small grooms rich in essential oil are seen. Each sheet lives for about 3 years and the growth and development of the entire plant is directly dependent on their condition, and the ripening of fruits.
Very elegant leaves from Fortunell, or nagi Kumkvat (Fortunella Margarita)grade "Variagates" - green and white or green-yellow. Citrus flowers are small, white or cream, are located singly, pairs or small brushes. They may not be visible for abundant foliage, but a characteristic gentle and fairly intensive fragrance will pay your attention to the plant. Fruits U. different species Citrus feature. All are well acquainted by ordinary bright yellow lemons with a buggy skin.
The largest and tasty lemons in the room citrus plant "Pondose" (Citrus Limon Ponderosa), and the most damned - lemons Meyer.(Citrus Limon Mejer).
Very original fruits at the Citron "Buddha's Hand".
The most racous and prolific from room citrus - mandarin, or cytrus mesh (Citrus Reticulate). The fruits of this room citrus tree are small, orange-red with an easily separated peel, juicy sweet, pulp and completely without seeds.
And the spherical yellow or red fruits of indoor orange (Citrus Sinensis) with a dense skin and sour-sweet pulp ripen longer (up to 9 months).
Cutter care at home
In winter, citrus fruits contain in a light well ventilated room at a temperature of + 4. + 8 ° C. Oranges are the hottest coat of citrus, they need a higher temperature, in the range of + 13 ... + 18 ° C. In the summer, the plants are better to carry out on the street and place in the sun, in the place protected from drafts. When leaving citrus, watering should be moderate, but regular, the drying of the earth coma is not allowed. At the same time, a good drainage is needed so that there is no stagnation of water in the roots. In the heating period and on hot days, all these plants should be regularly sprayed. The formation of a beautiful crown is not so much aesthetic requirement as the need for accelerating fruiting. Forming trimming and chip are produced throughout the year - after the appearance of 3-4 leaves, the growth point is plugged.
Caring for indoor citrus in the period of active growth involves feeding once every two weeks, if possible, alternating mineral fertilizers with organic. The transplantation is carried out by the method of transshipment in the spring: young plants transplant annually, at the age of 4-5 years - one year older than five years - every three years. For planting citrus, the soil mixture of the turf, compost and sand (1: 1: 1) is best suited. The described plants are well multiplied by seeds, which are seeded immediately after extracting them from the fetus. The incidental opinion that "Dicks" grow from seeds, did not find confirmation. Just the plants reproduced by the seed method begin to be fron with approximately 8 years. Somewhat earlier in the stage of fruiting the citruses obtained from cuttings are entering. The cuttings are cut in March-April or at the end of June-in the first half of July, rooted in a mixture of peat with sand (1: 1) for three weeks at a temperature of +25 ° C.
Useful properties of indoor citrus trees
Citrus essential oils are beneficial to the nervous system: relieving nervous tension, eliminate the feeling of anxiety, help to fight the decline and the depressed mood, contribute to the concentration of attention and improve memory. They remove spastic pains, restore impaired blood circulation. Also known their bactericidal effect with various inflammatory diseases of the respiratory organs. The fruits and juice of citrus are rich in vitamins. And the plants themselves, especially at the time of flowering and fruiting, look very smartly and increase the mood.
Citrus cultivation occurs on an industrial scale, greenhouses and private households. Everything citrus, in particular, lemon, lime, mandarin and even orange or grapefruit, rail in the apartment. Citrus - Cultigines, as they have long been growing in culture. Grown from seedThey do not require vaccinations, but for them must form, otherwise citrus it will not bloom.
Features of Citrus growing
In addition, they are important for the presence of mycorrhuses in citrus, which is in the maternal soil in the roots of each citrus plant, as they grow in the community with microhybami living on their roots. MicroGribers will die - the plant itself will die. And therefore it is impossible to use kerigohymides or a too bright solution of manganese-solid potassium (potassium permanganate) for watering soil when dealing with pests. For the same reason, it is forbidden to use fresh manure or making large doses of mineral fertilizers when feeding.
Seedsdried out of ripe fetus should be warm in warm waterThis will speed up germination. In the soil, the seeds are plugged on 2-3 diameters of the seed, that is, a little deeper nail. Sometimes several plants grow from one seed, as polyhamsbrium is characteristic of citrus. Only one plant should be left, cutting the rest of the remaining scissors. Citrus seeds have a good germination. The plants grown from the seed usually bloom and come into fruiting for the 10th year, while the quality of the fruit can be low.
You will get much best resultIf you first grow sighs From the grapefruit or a pomelo seed, and then give it any other citrus plant at an early stage, when the seedlings have a stem thickness with a match (2-3 years after the appearance of germs). The grafted plant develops faster, since the root and grapefruit root system is more powerful than other citrus. This significantly speeds up the entry of the plant into fruiting. In this case, a stalk of a fruiting plant will be required (you can contact the greenhouse, a nursery or to familiar). From the graft cutlery, the plant blooms and enters fruiting already on the 2-3rd year.
Grafting when cultivating citrus
Grafs The easiest way to do with eyepiece, that is, the eye. For vaccination, a more adult plant will be required (that is, 5-6 years). The eyepiece is beginning to engage when the bark is well separated from the wood (in April or August). With a fruiting citrus plant, a well-ridden 1-2-year twig is cut. Cropped leaves, leaving only a stalk, and put it in a glass with water. On a truncle, a plant grown from seeds, at an altitude of 5-6 cm, carefully cleaned the place selected to vaccinate, there should be no dirt on it. You can wipe with vodka this place, as well as the hands and blade of the knife. The operation must be sterile - this is the key to success.
A sharp knife (it is put perpendicular to the sibol of the seedlings) it is necessary to make a T-shaped incision on the cortex, not a hitch slim green layer of Cambia between the bark and wood. The length of the outbreak is about 2 cm, the width is approximately 1/2 cm. On a cooked cutlery for vaccination, two transverse bark lands are made by 1 cm below and above the eye. Then carefully cut the kidney, grabbing the bark together with Cambier (it is literally jewelry, so first practice on the branches of any plants brought from the street). Spreading the top edges of the T-shaped outbreak on a sapling, insert the kidney (pay attention to where it has the top) and slide it deep into the cut. Well, smooth the fingers of the incision, tightly pressing the kidney to Cambia. Reincut the top and bottom so that the kidney remains outside. The easiest way to use the unintelligent strip is ordinary polymer filmwhich you need to wipe vodka.
After about 20 days, the kidney must be hurt, that is, start growing. When a cutting cutter from the kidney will grow by 5-10 cm, a seedman, to which the kidney attracted, should be cut off the painter, above the base of the new escape from vaccinations by 2-3 mm. After that, it is necessary to immediately smear the slice with a liquid garden water, or a black lacquer for metal - bitumen, or natural oil paint (it is sold now only in stores for artists and is expensive). Escape binding from the graft kidney is tied to a peg stuck in the soil.
The stalks can not only be vaccinated, but also rooted. Showing It goes slowly, it takes 1.5-2 months at Lemon and up to 6 months at Orange and Mandarin! In the fruiting, the grafted plant will join the 3rd year. In any case, you need to take the cuttings in any case with the ends of the shoots of a healthy fruiting tree, who have just finished growth this season, managed to warmly lightly, but still retained flexibility. The bark should be even green on them. A cutting length - 8-10 cm, it should be 3-4 sheets. Cut the cuttings with a very sharp and thin knife or scalpel. The lower cut is made oblique (directly under a sheet or kidney), and the upper - direct (1-1.5 cm above the kidney). Cheat citrus in room conditions You can travel throughout the year, but it is better to do this in April - May, then they will have time to increase the root system to the winter.
Substrate for planting cuttings when grafting citrus
Best cerebral landing substrate - This is a mixture of sfagnum moss and stealied sand equal. The cuttings are planted immediately into the pots, on the bottom of which the shards or major sand are put (2-3 cm). Then the layer of nutrient soil (5-6 cm) is poured, and from above - a substrate from moss and sand (3-4 cm).
After landing Chenka Spray and put in a polyethylene package to which several exhalations need to be done (to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide), and then tie the packet. Pots are placed in a bright, but not a sunny place. Daily in the morning and in the evening the packages are unleashed, spray the cuttings with warm (about 25 ° C) with water, exhale air in them and tie again. The procedure can be simplified if you cover the cuttings with banks and exhale air into them or use small pieces of dry ice as a source of carbon dioxide. The air temperature must be within 20-25 ° C. After rooting, the upper kidney will begin to grow, then the jar or package can be removed, but the daily spraying must be continued throughout the life of the plant.
Soil ascitrus cultivation
Soil for citrusovs There must be rude, but at the same time fertile, with a neutral reaction and necessarily containing a large set of trace elements. Making fresh organic or large amounts of mineral fertilizers can destroy citrus cohabitants (microhribers) and this harm plants. At the bottom of the pot, it is necessary to put broken shards for excess water. And of course, you need to put pots on pallets. A rough or severe mixture consists of a turf, large river sand and leaf humus taken in a 1: 1: 1 ratio by volume. Now in stores for gardeners or relevant departments of large supermarkets, ready-made mixes for various plants are sold, including for citrusx.
Citrus do not love displacements. Plants can reset the leaves even when turning the pot. Therefore, before you start citrus, determine the place for them in the apartment. It should be light, but do not place the plants on the windowsill (except for those cases when the double-glazed windows are). The fact is that citrus fruits come from subtropics, that is, they love heat and moisture, so they are angry in the windowsill around the windows in winter. In roast summer time, without turning the pot, they need to push the room into the room to avoid direct sunlight, which can cause sunburns. In front of burns or frozen, plants need to help, spraying them with ecooberin or epin-extra solution.
Air temperature when citrus cultivation
Citrus love heat, so temperature in the room Should not fall below 24-25 ° C. In addition, all citrus fruits need wet air, for this reason you can not put them close to heating batteries. In addition, in winter, when the apartments are too dry, a permanent spraying of leaves with water is required. For this, the water is best suited, obtained from the melted snow or ice and heated to 22-25 ° C. It is impossible to use water directly from the water tap, it is necessary to skip it through the filter or at least, to give it a couple of days and be sure to warm up before spraying.
Watering citrusov
For glazeTo combine with feeders, should also be used filtered or spinning, necessarily warm (temperature not lower than 20-22 ° C) water. How much water to pour water, what feeding to it add and how much is needed? All these questions will definitely have. Despite the love of wet air, citrus is dying from excessive irrigation. Watering them must be moderately, especially in winter. Their leathery leaves evaporate a little moisture, and therefore excess water leads to reinforcement of the roots. It is better to frighten the top layer of the soil. With rare watering, water must moisten the entire room of the earth. An indicator of sufficient irrigation is the appearance of water in the pallet. Watering I advise you to combine weak mineral feeding (1 h. Spoon on 5 liters of water).
Feeding when cultivating citrus
The feed must contain all the necessary composition of the macro and trace elements. The best to use Unifloor Bud.. It has all the desired plants macro and trace elements, including extremely useful citrus substances - magnesium, selenium, cobalt and molybdenum. In addition, all minerals are enclosed in an organic shell, that is, they are in chelated form, and therefore are absorbed by plants at once. Fertilizer itself is liquid, it is easy to dose. The cap was poured into 5 liters of water, stirred - and let him defend. The finished solution can be stored for a long time.
You can also use a powder fraction fertilizers Ava. It is necessary to fill 1 t. A spoon of powder 3 liters of water and give in at least 3 days. Then you need to stir, give the sediment to settle and water the plants. This fertilizer does not dissolve in water (so that you can not boil it for the sake of experiment), but the ions of mineral elements contained in fertilizer are gradually penetrated into water at the expense of Brownian movement, and in very small doses. In the sediment you will pour water for almost just a year and continue to use it. This is a very favorable fertilizer, despite its seeming high cost. It contains all the necessary batteries, but there are no harmful impurities in it that are necessarily present in other mineral fertilizers, although they have not written anywhere. All plants, especially citrus, are needed organic silicon. It is contained in the preparations of energy and siliplant. It is necessary to add only 1-2 drops per 1 liter of solutions for watering and feeding.
When citrus is blooming, especially lemons, the apartment has a fabulous fragrance! They bloom for a long time, usually inflorescences collected in the brush. Pink or white flowers appear on current growths of 3-year-old side horizontal shoots. During flowering, it is possible to persuade plants by hand, applying soft (squirrel) to pollen from the stamens on the pestle.
Citrus leaves Highlight phytoncides, so the apartment is constantly spreading the smell of these plants. It is very gentle and, moreover, destructively acts on the pathogenic microbes located in the room. At a temperature of 18-20 ° C, the fruits do not mature. For aging of one fetus, 15 leaves are needed if they are not enough, then the lemon will reset extra fruits. Therefore, keep leaves, each of them is very valuable for the plant. Reset leaves can occur as a result of increased dryness or air temperature (more than 24-25 ° C). If the plant does not bloom for too long, it can be "hurried", cutting watering and slightly having a horizontal 3-year-old twig with a dense thread.
Citrus leaves are glossy, shiny, leathery, well adapted to save moisture. Although these plants are called evergreen, each sheet has only 3 years. The tagged leaves are yellow and fall, so do not be afraid when it happens.
Citrus transplantation
Transplant doingevery 3-5 years along with all the land. Do not plant and replant plants in too spacious pots. If you give plants the opportunity to grow freely, then they either pull up one barrel without side twigs, which means that fructures will not, or take the shape of a very thick bush.
Need to be engaged the formation of citrus crowns. The young treet that has reached 15-20 cm height, in February before the start of the next growth, cut the top, leaving below 5-6 well developed kidneys. These kidneys will soon germinate and will give rise to the side twigs of the 1st order. They leave 3-4 escapes growing in different directions.
As soon as these twigs finish growth, their ends are cut, leaving each 3-4 kidney. Of these, the shoots of the 2nd order will appear, the ends of which are also cut after the end of their growth, leaving 3-4 kidneys again. Of these, the fruit sprigs of the 3rd order begin to grow. They come in the same way.
From the moment of the appearance of the 4th order twigs, the crown formation ends and the period of fruiting begins. Until the formation of the skeletal branches of the 4th order, it is impossible to allow fruiting, since the premature appearance of buds on the branches of the 3rd order will stop the further growth of the tree, so until the end of the growth of the 4th order bins of the 3rd order should be deleted .
FROM fruit tree In late February - early March you need to cut 10-15 cm. Strong branches, cut vegetative branches. In addition, it is necessary to cut the saving shoots-wolf, remove dry branches, sprinkled twigs (they are usually without foliage). The too much growing up the branches are thrown into a horizontal position (while they grow up, they will not be fruit). In addition, branches are cut into the crowns that are not capable of fruiting.
All citrus is very sensitive to frosts, during which roots can dry out. In winter, plants are best kept in a light room with a temperature of 7-8 ° C. This is a glazed loggia or balcony. At the same time, it is necessary to constantly monitor the temperature so as not to overeat the trees, otherwise they will die (citrus cultures do not tolerate the temperature below 5 ° C). Watering at this time do very moderate.
With frosts of the plant should be added to the room, while maintaining the orientation on the Sun (that is, without turning), and keep them near balcony doors. If you do not have loggias and balconies, hold citrus on the windowsill at the glass, but in severe frosts move the room deep into the room. Lemons carry neatly, without turning plants. In the dark room citrus, especially lemons, can reset the leaves, so in winter you need a backlight.
Pests when cultivating citrus
Citrus pest pests, like any other plants in the apartment, - whiteflink, wave, shield, less often tryps. The enemy exclusively citrus is Cherver.
The spraying of absolutely safe and also useful for both people and plants, a healthy garden (4 grains per 1 liter of water) perfectly helps against TI. The shield will have to scrape on the litter and destroy. Bellenka and trips - sucking insects. To combat them, it is necessary to use the suction biological preparation of phytodeterm, which is allowed to apply in the apartment (1 ml on 3 liters of water). It is especially effective in combination with a healthy garden.
Bellenka - This is a disgusting insect, similar to a very small moth, which is sitting on the bottom side of the sheet, and therefore is poorly notable. It breeds as quickly as a word, but at the same time a sage fungus (black stitching bloom) is immediately in its sweet discharge. The whitefold should be destroyed, rinse from the leaves by falling out with soap water, and then spray the leaves with a zircon (4 drops on a glass of water).
Vs cherwec It is necessary to use a pink manganese solution at the next watering of plants. In prophylactic purposes, this is done at each subcording watering, since manganese car contains not only a manganese, which is destroying acting on Cherwell, but also potassium, and all citrus fuss of potassium. Do not forget that too strong (dark pink) a malganop solution can destroy the microhydribers living on the roots.
Recommendations:
Cutter cultivation in the house, very promising view of home business, decorative plants Always enjoyed in high demand. It is possible to implement plants on the market, through flower shops.
Profitability:
- Starting costs: from 500 rubles
- Monthly income: from several thousand rubles