Cement mortar 1 3. Regulatory consumption of cement and sand on the cube solution

Cement is a building material, with the importance of which little competes. It is used in the manufacture of dry mixes, building materials, Fill the foundation. But when we take it, do we know his expense? But it is very important.

Features

To begin with, we will analyze the subtleties and unusual features of the solution and components included in it. Let's start with the main component - cement. In the primary form, this building material is represented by astringent mineral powder. When it is mixed with water, it becomes viscous and becomes dark gray. Also, the obvious features of cement include the fact that it quickly freezes in air. Obtaining the powder itself occurs by grinding clinker and adding plaster to it and of different types Minerals.

To obtain a qualitative solution, not only the proportions of cement should be observed, but also all other materials in otherwise The future of this or that design is questionable.

Before proceeding to the analysis of the consumption of cement on 1 cubic solution, we should deal with the types and brands of the mixtures, with which each of us may face.

Species and brands of mixtures

The information of the brands of concrete and their scope is presented in the following table:

Marking concrete	Using
	Material used for preparatory activities.
	Has sufficient strength parameters suitable for solving of different kind Construction tasks.
	Option, B. more than Suitable for filling grounds.
	Concrete wide spectrumFor which the high strength rate is characteristic.
	Material with average indicators. To a greater extent, used to build hydraulic structures.
	According to specifications, this material is used to build skyscrapers, bridges, underground facilities.
Arbolit (M5-M100)	In this table, it has the lowest strength indicators. From Arbolita, it is possible to make elements for low-rise, industrial and agricultural buildings.

But if it is necessary to give a solution more plasticity and elasticity, then PVA glue should be added to it. It is an aqueous emulsion of vinyl acetate polymer with special additives, which will contribute to so unusual qualities of the mixture.

PGS.

Among huge number Materials on construction market One of the highest places is occupied by the gravel and sand mix (PGS). Indeed, in terms of production and field of application, it exceeds all other rocks. Of this material You can cook high-quality concrete.

COMPOSITION OF PGS.

If you ask any person about her composition, then he will answer you without much thinking that it consists of sand and gravel. And he will be absolutely right. In addition to the basic above-mentioned components, the mixture also includes clay whites (no more than 1%) and dust inclusions (no more than 5%).

Types of PGS.

Sea view. The composition is homogeneous and practically does not have foreign inclusions. Different with a rounded form. He almost does not contain clay particles.
Mining and frustration.It is characterized by an acute-angular form of particles. Contains the remains of the mother breed.
Lake-river look. Quite a lot of similar devil has with sea viewbut if you allocate features, then in the lake-river much more foreign residues and organic substances, such as Il and the like.

Scope of use of PGS.

The scope of this mixture is quite high. It can serve for alignment construction site, when drinking, buttons and trenches or even when laying communications.

If you want to get quite high strength and which will not succumb to the shrinkage, even with a large load, then you should pay attention to the ratio of the main components: 30% gravel and 70% of sand.

Consumption rate

First of all, it is necessary to know how concrete will be used and for what. If it is necessary to obtain a solution of high quality and strength, then a clear technology should be followed. Also, consumption per 1 m3 is more dependent on the brand of concrete. It is for this reason that you should know for what purpose it will be used.

The process of making a solution can be made much easier by buying cement in bags that go 50 kg.So you facilitate your calculation. Construction is the greatest importance brick structuresTherefore, we will analyze some subtleties associated with this masonry.

Methods of cooking mixes

For the quality of the masonry, not only what the indicators have a brick, which is used, but also directly the method of preparation of the mixture itself. Consider the most popular and effective methods Cooking cement mortar:

The most popular recipe is a solution that is added. Sand and cement.It is pretty durable, but when it is prepared, it is necessary to clearly observe the proportions: even the slightest retreat from the norm can turn into the formation of a large amount of cracks.
Solution based on lime (lime). His advantage is the high indicators of plasticity. The disadvantages include the fact that he is not moisture-resistant, so if you intend to use it on the outside of the design, be prepared for the fact that it will simply wash it with the rain.
The following species is called mixed. And this is exactly the case when they took all the best and joined together. It has excellent strength in combination with good plasticity.
Solution with cement in the base and additives in the form of plasticizers. This composition is characterized by improved qualities of the previous species, that is, a mixed solution. And due to the presence of plasticizers to work with it much more convenient and faster.

But from which factors the consumption of cement on 1 m2 of brick masonry? Below are the most important of them:

Choosing a worker. This factor plays one of of most important roles. After all, it depends on his level of qualification, how much solution will be used for its intended purpose, and how much will go to the scrap and how exactly the brick will be placed.
Brick. He plays an important role. For example, for the hollow brick material will leave much more than for full-scale.
And, of course, this is the thickness of the seam. This value should be in the range from 10 to 12 mm.

Consider a Read more Consumption of the cement composition depending on the type of brick used. So, when applied to the mixture to the base of full-scale brick, this parameter will have the following values:

if the masonry is carried out in the Pollipich (width -12 cm), then the consumption will be 0.19 m3;
when installing in one brick, 0.22 m3 solution will be required;
with a width of a wall of 38 cm for high-quality application, approximately 0.234 m3 of composition will be needed.

In case of full brick Flow parameters will be different:

when laying in the Pollipich, 0.160 m3 of the cement mixture will be spent;
if the application is carried out on the base of one stone, 0,200 m3 of the solution will be required;
when laying in one and a half bricks, consumption will increase to 0.216 m3.

And now we turn directly to cooking standards. And for this below shows a table indicating the brand and the ratio of all components that are part of the components.

When the work itself begins, you must first cope with dry materials, but only then begin adding liquid (water and other fillers). This is done so that the solution is homogeneous and does not contain lumps. Also, to avoid an unfavorable result, you need to mix everything thoroughly.

It is not worth making a too large amount of cement mortar. After all, you should not forget that the mixture is very quickly frozen in the air. Of course, if you want to save your time and strength, you can go to the store and buy everything ready, but it all depends on whether you can afford it.

And now a slight digression for those who work with solutions in the cold seasons. Many are faced with the fact that when all the rules were met and fulfilled preparatory workThe structure of the composition still turns out to be violated. The thing is that the water used for the kneader has frozen and violated the entire structure. Therefore, to avoid such adverse effects into the solution, salt or other antiorrosal additives is added.

We disassembled all aspects related to work, but there is still a lot useful Sovietsthat will be able to make your work not only simpler, but also quality, and maybe even financially not very expensive.

It is most important to know, but a solution is qualitatively prepared. To do this, you can resort to an uncomplicated method: you need to write several letters or numbers on the surface. If they do not swim or, on the contrary, do not scatter inside, then this means that the solution is cooked correctly and can be applied to the surface.

From the student building engine, the ratio of cement and sand in the construction solution is remembered 1: 3. Water was added "to the eye", and the mixture was universal. It was used everywhere - for plaster, masonry, seams, repairs of wastewater trays, fastening of curb stone, etc. Sometimes cement and water was added if needed a more durable solution. Cooking different marks Mixes for certain works require not only construction technology - spend extra money for unnecessary quality without the need to be completely optional. We will tell about brands construction solutions and the ratios of components for their preparation. You will also learn that for what types of work each brand is used and how to make a solution.

Construction solutions are called plastic mixtures of several mineral components and water. As a result of the hardening of the binder (cement, gypsum, lime), after three weeks, durable fake diamondbinding individual building elements and materials. Solutions can be divided into several characteristics:

From concrete, the solution is distinguished by the absence of a large aggregate - rubble. There are several mixtures classifications:

by density in a dry form, solutions are:
- heavy sandy more than 1500 kg / m³;
- light up to 1500 kg / m³ (from tuff, pembol, slag);
by type of binder:
- For the purpose, three types of solutions are distinguished:
  - Masonry (for brick masonry, etc.);
  - Finishing (for plaster, decoration, decor, etc.);
  - Special (acoustic, radio protection, tmponight, etc.).
- By properties:
  - Strength;
  - Frost resistance.

3999 09/18/2019 6 min.

Cement is a building material that has a wide area of \u200b\u200bapplication. It can be used when filling the foundation, production of building materials and dry mixes. But when choosing this product it is very important to know its consumption. So it's easy to determine it will not work, because this parameter affects the various factors that will be discussed below.

Required amount

Concrete is the most sought-after material from the whole range, which is applied in construction. It is based on crushed stone, and in the role of a binder stands water solution From cement and sand. To count the desired amount of concrete on M3, you should know for what purpose it will be operated. On average, the flow rate of 1 m3 of the concrete will be 240-320 kg. This greatly simplifies the calculation if the area is large. But here it all depends on the brand of concrete.

If you wish to get a high quality material that you can serve for a long time, then it is necessary to clearly adhere to the established proportion during the preparation of the composition. The amount of cement used affects the mobility of concrete. For this reason, during the preparation of concrete, it is necessary to observe the accuracy of the ingredients bookmark as follows:

cement - up to 1 kg;
sand - up to 3 kg;
crushed stone - up to 5 kg.

If all the specified proportions are met, then you will receive a high-quality product that will have high strength, rigidity and plasticity.

On video - cement consumption per 1 cubic solution:

When assuming a large error, for example, in the direction of the amount of volume, the binding component will not be able to hold the filler, as a result of which the concrete under the influence of external negative factors will become unsuitable for a very short period of time.

Consumption for filling 1m3 material also depends on which brand of concrete mix you will receive. And it depends on what purpose concrete will be involved. In the area of \u200b\u200bhousehold low-rise construction, such brands of concrete are most often used:

The brand used in the preparation of the material should always be 2 times the brand of the obtained concrete.

The required amount of binding material on 1 m3 of concrete is the reference data, which can be found in the following table.

Table 1 - Consumption for receipt different marks Concrete

To make the cooking process more convenient, it is necessary to buy cement in bags, 50 kg. With this measurement solution, it will be possible to easily get a concrete mix. For example, for obtaining 1 m3 of the M200 itself, you need to take 4 bags and 41 kg of cement M300 or M400.

Quantity on brickwork

The quality of the masonry is determined not only by the characteristics of the brick, but also used by the mixture. You can prepare such a composition in various recipes, consider only the most popular:

On the basis of sand and cement. For such a product is characteristic high rates Strength, however, when preparing it is very important to accurately comply with the proportions. Even if you graduate a little from the proportions, then on brick masonry Cracks are formed.
Lime-based solution. The resulting solution is characterized by high plasticity, but to apply it for outdoor masonry It is unacceptable, as it is simply washed off with rain.
Mixed view of the solutionwhich involves the use and cement, and lime. Thanks to this combination, it is possible to get a durable and plastic composition.
Cement-based solution with adding plasticizers. Thanks to the introduction of additional components, it becomes possible to improve the quality of the solution, give it strength, plasticity, and most importantly, it is very easy to apply it.

If you are going to make the facade finish, you can use various colored pigments into solution. Then the seams and the masonry itself will have a spectacular look.

In the manufacture of a solution for masonry bricks, one and those de demands are always imposed: stirred carefully so that the mixture does not contain lumps. As a result, you must obtain a solution of a homogeneous structure. To achieve such an effect, you must first mix dry components, and then add liquid. Prepare a mixture of B. large quantities It is not necessary, as under the action of air it begins to quickly capture.

For masonry carriers It is necessary to use cement, the brand of which is higher than during the construction of itself carrier structures. The proportions are determined based on what brand cement is applied. Consider this all on the example:

For the binding material M500 it is worth using the proportion in which the cement refers to the sand, like 1: 4.
For M300, the proportion of 1: 2.5 is applicable.
For M400 - 1: 3.

Of course, you can not spend your time on the preparation of the solution, and go to the store, where all this product is presented in the finished form. In this case, the cost information will be present on the package.

During independent preparation of the mixture, it is necessary to use cement, the brand hardness in which is 2 times the brand of hardness of the product obtained. If you need to get a mixture of the M100 brand, then the cement must have a M200 and higher brand.

Filling the floor screed in an apartment or a placement of industrial purposes is mandatory procedure. According to the alignment, the finishing coating is placed or used without finishing as working surface for industrial production. Before you determine how to calculate the number of cement for a floor screed, it is necessary to find out the purpose of the room and the estimated load on the concrete base.

One of the main criteria in the preparation of the solution for filling the foundation is its thickness. It should be remembered that reinforcement metal mesh produced at minimum thickness The bases of 20 mm, the maximum fill height is 40 mm, it is such a thickness most often used for the device of floors in civilian house-building.

The next important point for calculations is the cement brand. For the organization of the base, cement brands M300, M400, M500 are used. As a result of mixing with sand and water, cement mortar is obtained with a value of M150 or M200.

The mixture brand is determined based on the planned load on the base. So M200 can be used to organize grounds in buildings industrial purpose, for example, in garages, and the strength of the M150 brand is sufficient to fill the screed in the apartment.

For calculations, it is necessary to know the rate of consumption of cement to obtain a solution of a certain brand. Thus, to obtain one cubic meter of the M150 solution, 330 kg of cement M500 or 400 kg of cement M400 will be required. To obtain the same volume of the brand solution, M200 needs to be purchased 410 kg of cement M500 or 490 kg of cement M400.

Perform the calculation of the organization of the base with a thickness of 40 mm for the room of 30 sq.m. In two versions: for the M150 brand solution and the M200 brand using the M400 brand cement. The procedure for performing the calculation:

First, it is necessary to calculate the fill volume in cubic meters. To do this, it is necessary to multiply the area to the thickness (30x0.04). It turns out the volume of the solution in 1.2 m 3.
Given the rate of consumption of cement by 1 m 3 for the M150 solution and the M400 cement, we obtain: 1.2 m 3 x400kg \u003d 480 kg. The weight of one cement bag is 50 kg, which means that 10 bags will be required.
Considering the rate of consumption of cement by 1 m 3 for a solution of M200 and cement M400, we obtain: 1.2 m 3 x490kg \u003d 588 kg, which corresponds to 12 bags.
The amount of sand is calculated from the proportion of 1: 3, which means for the M150 brand solution, it will be necessary to purchase: 480x3 \u003d 1 440 kg of sand, and for the solution M200: 588x3 \u003d 1 764 kg.
The volume of water is added gradually before obtaining the required plasticity of the solution.

For the production of works on the organization of a screed in the apartment use river sandfor production premises Choose sand from quarries.

This model of calculating the consumption of cement on the tie of the floor is applicable for any area and thickness of the layer layer of the mixture. To obtain the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, the length and width of the room are laid.

If the configuration of the room is complex, it is best to use the floor plan and calculate the area, turning with the paper carrier. Thus, given the ratio of 1: 3, it will be possible to determine how much cement and sand on the cube cube for a screed.

For dry mix

When using dry and semi-dry mixtures for organizing a screed, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics for each specific mixture that can be found on the package. Typically indicate the volume of the mixture to close one square meter base with a layer of 1 mm. For example, to obtain a solution of M100 brand, sufficient to use inside the residential premises, the manufacturer of a semi-dry film screed recommends this consumption:

2 kg mixture consumption on square meter with a screed thickness of 1 mm;
water consumption 0.22 l per 1 kg of a mixture.

Given the listed data, you can calculate required material For 30 square meters with a screed thickness of 40 mm.

The area is needed to multiply the mixture consumption by 1 m 2 and by 4 (since the planned thickness of the screed 4 mm, and the calculation is given for a thickness of 1 mm). We obtain: 30x2x4 \u003d 120 kg, while the volume of water will be required: 120 kg x 0.22 l \u003d 26.4 liters.

For traditional solutions

The traditional calculation of building materials for the production of a conventional cement-sand solution is carried out in cubic meters, so for the simplicity of calculations you need to translate cubic meters per kilogram.

For example, for an area of \u200b\u200b30 sq.m. And the thickness of the screed 40 mm will be required 1.2 m 2 solution. At the same time, the volume of cement will be one fourth part of the total, and the sand is three fourth parts.

It turns out that cement will be 0.3 m 3, and the sand is 0.9m 3. The estimated number of kilograms of cement in one Cuba is 1300 kg, and the sand is 1625 kg.

As a result, to obtain 1.2 m 3 of the solution, it will take cement 0.3 m 3 x1400kg \u003d 420 kg and sand 0.9 m 3 x1625kg \u003d 1463 kg.

The required amount of water for obtaining 1.2 m 3 of the solution is calculated normally 0.4 liters per kilogram of dry components, which is (420 + 1463) x 0.4 \u003d 753 liters.

What depends on the expense

The calculation of the cement mortar for filling the screed depends not only on the brand of concrete, which is planned to be obtained, but also from other factors. Above were idealized calculations, but in real life There are various changes and corrections:

Examples how to calculate cement on the screed, are valid for fresh cement, but if the material produced more than six months ago, the strength of concrete was obtained, with its use, will be significantly lower. Therefore, the volume of cement in the mixture is increased by 10-15%;
If the measurements of the height of the future screed were defined incorrectly or at the base there are significant defects, the volume of cement-sandy solution may increase to 50% of the calculated volume;
For saving in the production of screed, as well as to ensure thermal insulation properties The bases can use additives into a mixture of large fractions, while the thickness of such a screed can reach 10 mm. Usually in the form of additives use clay, shungizite or crushed stone, but such materials significantly change the properties of concrete and may affect the durability of the screed;
When the communications is placed at the base of the screed, the volume changes occurs, which affects the number of materials for the preparation of the solution for filling the screed;
The amount of material used depends on the brand of the cement used and the required strength of the resulting solution;
When pouring some premises, the requirement to organize the screed system can also be provided, in which case the volume of the solution and materials for its manufacture also changes.

No cement mortar is impossible no construction. The correctly composed cement-sandy mixture is the key to the fact that the object will be durable and just just time. In the preparation and preparation of the cement mortar there are no little things, even minor details are important here.

Features

IN modern construction The cement mixture is most often consumed, which is compiled in certain proportions with sand.

There are several options for cement mixtures that are in demand, namely:

to make a screed takes a mixture in the ratio of cement to water 1: 3, additives and fiber opens are also often added;
for masonry, a solution of 1: 4 is used, the grade cement is not lower than M200;
for plastering, a mixture is usually used 1: 1: 5.5: 0.4 (cement, lime quenched, sand, clay) is a M50 solution.

Cement concentration in different mixtures per 1 cubic solution can vary significantly. This fact depends on the types of work and the intensity of mechanical loads that are experiencing various fragments of the structure. Beginner builders often do not give due value to the proportions of materials in cement mixesThinking that this question is insignificant. This is a deep misconception, because correctly compiled shares on m³ is the main key to the fact that the object will be durable and durable. It is recommended to take advantage of the composition of the cement mortar.

Consumption rate

The following tools will be required to work with cement mortar:

concrete mixer;
device for weighing a bulk substance;

buckets in which the mixture hangs;
calculator;
the table, which indicates 1M² the coefficients of sand density, gravel, cement, lime mixture.

Usually solution compositions include one binder.This solution is called simple. But there are mixed solutions in which several plasticizers can be added. If the solution is only with the addition of sand, then it turns out quite dense and heavy by weight. It ranges from 1680 to 2100 kg per cubic meter volume, in lighter solutions, a similar indicator is noticeably less - up to 1650 kg per cubic meter.

What does it depend on?

Mechanical strength Cement mortar can be such gradations as 2, 4, 10, and 25. Guided by tables and standards, it is possible to reduce the consumption of such a valuable material as cement without prejudice to the strength of the structure. Usually for construction workFor example, cement grade 400 is used for the screed. The most common solutions are M25 and M50. To prepare M25, the sand ratio is required in relation to cement 5: 1. To make the M50 substance, the proportion of 4: 1. It will dry out such a composition for three days with a layer thickness of 1 cm. Sometimes arbolit or PVA glue is added, then the coating is obtained yet Strong.

Attention should be paid to the consumption of cement when you need to prepare one cube concrete.

TO an important indicatorsThrough which the quality of the solution is determined:

density;
viscosity;
grappling time.

In order for the mixture to be high-quality, it should be well stirred. It is necessary to follow the proportions of sand and cement consumption. In the M600 brand solution, the presence of cement is required in a ratio of 1: 3. If the M400 brand cement is present, the ratio is obtained 1: 2.

It should be borne in mind that when calculating the amount of cement to obtain the required volume should be multiplied by the coefficient of 1.35, because there is an addition of water and various additives. One cubic meter of solution will require about 68 cement bags by weight of 50 kg. The most popular cement marks for the construction of the foundation are M200, M250 and M300. The foundation requires a solution in which the optimal compression ratio will be present.

If the brand cement M100, then the list will attend the following density:

M100 -175 kg / m³;
M150 - 205 kg / m³;
M200 - 245 kg / m³;
M250 - 310 kg / m³.

For plastering One-square meter with a layer thickness of 1 cm will require about 2 mm cement. With such a thickness of the layer, the material works well, not deforming and not crack.

To put the slag blocks will need the following relationships:

M150 - 220 kg / m³;
M200 - 180 kg / m³;
M300 - 125 kg / m³;
M400 - 95 kg / m³.

When finishing the facade, special pigments and semicircles are often used, as well as salt, soap solution, which improve the quality of materials. When preparing the mixture, the dry substance is first carefully stirled, only then the liquid is added. The mixture is usually prepared in a small amount, because it has the ability to quickly capture. To make the M150 and M200 brands, the proportions of cement and sand 1: 4. If a solution of the M400 brand is needed, then such a composition has a proportion of 1: 3.

Concrete is in the greatest demand in construction. Its main components are crushed stone, water, sand, cement. It is important to initially represent for what purposes will be used concrete. Its consumption averages about 245-325 kg. It all depends on the cement brand, in which ratio and proportions are preparing a mixture.

How to calculate?

Cement of higher brands is used, as a rule, in industry to create sturdy structures. In everyday life and civil engineering, their use is found in rare cases.

Cement brand 500 is often used to create such supporting structures as piles, overlap and fastening beams. Such cement shows well at low temperaturesHigh anti-corrosion indicators. It is also often used in the construction of various overlaps, beams and stoves. The characteristics of this cement also include good frost resistance and water resistance, as well as it has an excellent anti-corrosion capacity and is therefore often used during emergency operations.

It is recommended to follow the recommendations for proportions. The presence of cement directly affects the plasticity of concrete and its other indicators. Most often consume the following ratios: cement (1 kg), sand (3 kg) and crushed stone (5 kg). Sometimes a little glass is also added, which is why it becomes even stronger. With this ratio concrete mix It turns out very strong. Any deviations from prescribed proportions lead to poor-quality composition. The brand used in obtaining this material should be more on average twice the brand of the obtained concrete.

For convenience, the work usually use bags with cement 50 kg. As an example, to get concrete M200, you should use four cement bags. For masonry, a solution based on lime is often used, which is characterized by good plasticity indicators.

If you want to make plaster facades, then such mixtures are optimal for such work. For carrier walls, a higher brand cement is used, this will provide additional strength of the object. The M500 binding material is used in the ratio of 1: 4, if the cement brand M400, then the ratio, respectively, 1: 3. When the mixture is done with your own hands, it is usually used by cement that has a brand twice as much brand of the product obtained. For example, if you need to get a mixture of M100 brand, then the cement must have a M200 brand.

Calculation of the area of \u200b\u200bthe wall

In one cubic meter there are 482 bricks in size 242x120x64 mm. The consumption of brick on the laying depends on the thickness of the walls. For Russian realities are optimally suitable outer wallsFolded from two bricks. A single brick has dimensions of 252x120x65 mm, one-time - 252x120x87 mm, double - 252x120x138 mm. Based on these indicators, it is easy to calculate how much bricks will be required by 1 m².

If we talk about the consumption of cement on the masonry, then this indicator Depends in many respects from the seam thickness. This parameter is usually 15 mm. Should also be taken into account that for silicate brick It is much more solution than for facing. Most of all is a solution to the hollow brick, in this case cement-sand mixture Make a dry form 1: 4. A little water is added to a small container and a cement-sand substance is plugged, stirring it to a semi-liquid state.

The main solution is spent on the laying of hollow bricks.For such a masonry, it will be necessary seam at least 0.2 cubic meter The solution should be taken into account that the width of the brick is 12 cm. If you make a masonry in one brick, then the solution will be required 0.23 m³, with one and a half stone it takes 0.16 m³. The number of consumable liquid mortar should also be taken into account.

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