→ Installation of refrigeration

Installation of basic devices and auxiliary equipment

To main apparatus refrigeration Installation Applications directly involved in mass and heat exchange processes: condensers, evaporators, supercoolers, air coolers, etc. Receivers, oil separators, dirt leads Air separators, pumps, fans and other equipment included in the refrigeration unit are referred to as auxiliary equipment.

Installation technology is determined by the degree of factory readiness and features of the design of devices, their mass and installation project. At first, set the basic devices, which allows you to start laying pipelines. To prevent moistening of thermal insulation on the support surface of the devices operating at low temperatures, apply a layer of waterproofing, laid heat insulating layerAnd then again layer of waterproofing. To create conditions that exclude the formation of thermal bridges, all metal parts (fastening belts) are imposed on the apparatuses through wooden antiseptic bars or gaskets with a thickness of 100-250 mm.

Heat exchanger. Most heat exchangers plants are supplied in ready-to-install form. So, cover-tube capacitors, evaporators, superchalter supplies assembled, element, irrigation, evaporative capacitors and panel, submersible evaporators - assembly units. Ribril-tube evaporators, direct cooling batteries and brine can be made by an assembly organization on the spot from the fins of the feather pipes.

Shell-tube vehicles (as well as capacitive equipment) are mounted in a flow-combined method. When laying welded apparatuses, the supports are monitored to ensure that all weld seams are available for inspection, drying with a hammer during survey, as well as for repair.

The horizontal and verticality of the devices are checked by level and plumb or using geodesic tools. The permissible deviations of the vertical devices are 0.2 mm, horizontally - 0.5 mm per 1 m. If there is a collection of a collection or sump, let's say only in their direction. The verticality of the casing vertical capacitors is particularly carefully untouped, since it is necessary to provide a film flowing water along the pipe walls.

Elemental capacitors (due to a large metal consumption, they are used in rare cases in industrial installations) are installed on metallic frame, above the receiver on the elements from the bottom up, exitting the horizontal elements, single-layerness of flanges of fittings and verticality of each section.

Installation of irrigation and evaporative capacitors lies in the sequential mounting of the pallet, heat exchange tubes or coils, fans, oil separator, pump and reinforcement.

Air-cooled devices used as refrigeration capacitors are mounted on a pedestal. For centering axial fan Relative to the guide apparatus serve slots in the stove, which allow you to move the gear plate in two directions. The fan electric motor is centered to the reducer.

Panel brine evaporators are placed on the insulating layer on the concrete pillow. The metal tank of the evaporator is installed on wooden barsMounted a stirrer and brine valves, plug the drain pipe and test the tank to the density of water in bulk. The water level should not fall within 24 hours. Then drain the water, remove the bars and lower the tank on the base. The panel sections before installation are experiencing 1.2 MPa pressure. Then, the sections in the tank are taken alternately, the collectors, the reinforcement, separator of the liquid, are installed, the tank is poured with water and the evaporator assembly is again felt by air to the pressure of 1.2 MPa.

Fig. 1. Installation of horizontal capacitors and receivers in a flow-combined method:
a, b - in the building under construction; in - on support; r - on the overpass; I - the position of the condenser before the sling; II, III - position when moving the boom of the crane; IV - installation on supporting structures

Fig. 2. Installation of capacitors:
0 - elemental: 1 - support metal structures; 2 - receiver; 3 - element of the condenser; 4 - plumb to reconcile the vertical section; 5 - level to check the horizontal element; 6 - line for checking the location of the flanges in the same plane; b - irrigation: 1 - draining water; 2 - pallet; 3 - receiver; 4 - Sections of coils; 5 - support metal structures; 6 - water distribution trays; 7 - water supply; 8 - overflow funnel; B - evaporative: 1 - water collector; 2 - receiver; 3, 4 - level pointer; 5 - nozzles; 6 - droplet-free; 7 - oil separator; eight - safety valves; 9 - fans; 10 - FORCONDENSATOR; 11 - float regulator of water level; 12 - overflow funnel; 13 - pump; G - air: 1 - support metal structures; 2 - drive frame; 3 - guide apparatus; 4 - Section of finned heat exchange pipes; 5 - Flanges connecting sections to collectors

Submersible evaporators are mounted in a similar way and are experiencing an inert gas pressure of 1.0 MPa for systems with R12 and 1.6 MPa for systems with R22.

Fig. 2. Installation of a panel brine evaporator:
a - tank test with water; b - test panel sections by air; in - installation of panel sections; d - evaporator test with water and air assembly; 1 - wooden bars; 2 - tank; 3 - mixer; 4 - panel section; 5 - goats; 6 - air supply ramp for testing; 7 - Drain of water; 8 - oil collector; 9-separator of the liquid; 10 - thermal insulation

Capacitive equipment and auxiliary devices. Linear ammonia receivers mounted on the side high pressure Below the capacitor (sometimes under it) on one foundation, and the steam zones of the apparatuses are connected by the equalization line, which creates conditions for draining liquid from the condenser by gravity. When installing, withstand the difference in high-rise marks from liquid level In the condenser (the level of the outlet of the vertical capacitor) to the level of the liquid tube from the overflow glass of the oil separator and at least 1500 mm (Fig. 25). Depending on the brands of the oil separator and the linear receiver, withstand the difference in the high-altitude stamps of the condenser, receiver and oil separators Yar, Yar, Nm and nor asked in the reference literature.

On the side low pressure Drainage receivers are installed to drain ammonia from cooling devices when the snow coolant is thawed with hot ammonia steam and protective receivers in uncapped diagrams for taking fluid in case of emissions of it from batteries with increasing thermal loads, as well as circulating receivers. Horizontal circulating receivers are mounted along with liquid separators placed above them. In the vertical circulation receivers of pairs from the liquid is separated in the receiver.

Fig. 3. Mounting circuit of the condenser, linear receiver, oil separator and air cooler in ammonia refrigeration unit: CD - capacitor; LR - linear receiver; Here is the air separator; SP - overflow glass; MO - oil separator

In cooling aggregated installations, linear receivers set above the capacitor (without an equalization line), and the chladon enters the receiver with a pulsating stream as the condenser is filling.

All receivers are equipped with safety valves, pressure gauges, level pointers and locking reinforcement.

Intermediate vessels are installed on supporting structures on wooden bars, taking into account the thickness of thermal insulation.

Cooling batteries. Claudone batteries of direct cooling Plants manufacturers are supplied in the finished mounted form. Brine and ammonia batteries are manufactured at the installation site. Brine batteries make steel electric welded pipes. For the manufacture of ammonia batteries, steel seamless hot-rolled pipes are used (usually with a diameter of 38x3 mm) from steel 20 for operation at temperatures up to -40 ° C and from steel 10G2 for operation at temperatures up to -70 ° C.

For cross-spiral fins, cold-rolled steel ribbon from low carbon steel is used. Pipes are fed on a semi-automatic snap-in in the conditions of procurement workshops with a selective check of the probe density of the adjustment of fins to the pipe and the specified step of fins (usually 20 or 30 mm). Finished pieces of pipes are subjected to hot galvanizing. In the manufacture of batteries, semi-automatic welding in carbon dioxide or manual electric arc is used. Ordrous pipes connect and batteries collectors or kalachs. Collector, shelving and coil batteries are collected from unified sections.

After testing with ammonia batteries with air for 5 minutes for strength (1.6 MPa) and for 15 minutes per density (1 MPa) places welded connections Diligent with an electric metal gun.

The brine batteries are tested by water after installation on a pressure equal to 1.25 workers.

Batteries are fixed to mortgage details or metal structures on overlaps (ceiling batteries) or walls (used batteries). Ceiling batteries are fixed at a distance of 200-300 mm from the axis of pipes to the ceiling, wall-toed - at a distance of 130-150 mm from the axis of pipes to the wall and at least 250 mm from the floor to the bottom of the pipe. When installing ammonia batteries, the tolerances are kept: at a height of ± 10 mm, the deviation from the verticality of the used batteries is not more than 1 mm per 1 m of height. When installing the batteries, a bias is allowed not more than 0.002, and to the side opposite to the movement of a pair of refrigerant. Wailed batteries are mounted by taps before mounting floor slabs or with an arrow loaders. Ceiling batteries are mounted using winches through blocks attached to overlaps.

Air coolers. They are installed on the pedestal (at amenable air coolers) or fasten to mortgage parts on the floors (hinged air coolers).

Potable air coolers are mounted by a flow-sided method using a boom crane. Before installation, the insulation is placed on the pedestal and the hole is performed for connecting the drainage pipeline, which is paved with a slope of at least 0.01 toward the drain into the sewer network. Hinged air coolers are assembled as well as ceiling batteries.

Fig. 4. Battery installation:
a - battery electric loader; b - ceiling battery winches; 1 - overlapping; 2 mortgage parts; 3 - block; 4 - slings; 5 - battery; 6 - winch; 7 - Electric loader

Cooling batteries and air coolers made of glass pipes. Glass pipes are used for the manufacture of springs of coil type. Pipes are attached to racks only in direct areas (Kalachi are not fixed). The reference metal structures of the batteries are fixed to the walls or suspended to overlaps. The distance between the racks should not exceed 2500 mm. Wailed batteries at a height of 1.5 m are protected by mesh fencing. The glass pipes of air coolers are monitored in the same way.

For the manufacture of batteries and air coolers take pipes with smooth ends, connecting them with flanges. After the installation is completed, the battery is tested by water to a pressure equal to 1.25 workers.

Pumps. To pump ammonia and other liquid refrigerants, coolant and cooled water, condensate, as well as for the release of drainage wells and cooling water circularization, centrifugal pumps are used. For supplying liquid refrigerants, only hermetic non-alternating pumps of type XG with an electric motor built into the pump housing are used. The stator of the electric motor is sealed, and the rotor is nailed for one shaft with impeller. The shaft bearings are cooled and lubricated with a liquid refrigerant, taken from the injection pipe and then the suction to the side. Sealed pumps are installed below the flow point of the fluid at a fluid temperature below -20 ° C (in order to avoid a breakdown of the pump, the sub-suction porch is 3.5 m).

Fig. 5. Installation and reconciliation of pumps and fans:
A - Montage centrifugal pump on lags with a winch; B - Installation of the fan winch using a delay

Before mounting the gland pumps, they check their completeness and, if necessary, conduct an audit.

Centrifugal pumps are installed on the foundation of the faucet, the talo or by lags on rollers or sheet sheet with a winch or levers. When installing the pump on the foundation with deaf bolts, close to its array, near the bolts are laid by wooden bars, so as not to lean the thread (Fig. 5, a). Check the altitude mark, horizontal, centering, the presence of oil in the system, the smooth rotation of the rotor and the packing of the gland sealing (the gland). Stuffing box

Wives be carefully naked and evenly without a challenge bent an excessive tightening of the gland leads to its overheating and an increase in electricity consumption. When installing the pump above the receiving tank on the suction pipe set the check valve.

Fans. Most fans are supplied in the form of an aggregate ready for installation. After installing the fan with a crane or a winch with cables (Fig. 5, b) on the foundation, pedestal or metal structures (through vibration insulating elements), the high-rise mark and the horizontal installation (Fig. 5, B) are selected. The device is then removed the device, inspect the rotor and the housing, are convinced of the absence of dents and other damage, check the smoothness of rotation rotation and the reliability of fixing all parts. Check the gap between the outer surface of the rotor and the housing (no more than 0.01 wheel diameter). Measure radial and axial beating of the rotor. Depending on the size of the fan (its number), the limit radial beating is 1.5-3 mm, axial 2-5 mm. If the measurement shows exceeding the tolerance, it is carried out static balancing. The gaps between rotating and fixed parts of the fan are also measured, which must be within 1 mm (Fig. 5, d).

With a test start, within 10 minutes, the noise and vibration level check, and after stopping the reliability of the attachment of all compounds, heating the bearings and the state of the oil system. Duration of testing under load - 4 hours, while checking the stability of the fan operation at operating modes.

Installation of the cooling edge. Small cooling towers of film type (I PV) supply to install with a high degree of factory readiness. The horizontalization of the cooling of the cooling of the cooling tower is unveed, connected to the pipeline system and after filling the water-co-air cycle system with softened water, the uniform irrigation of the nozzles of miplastic or polychlorvinyl plates is adjusted, changing the position of water spray nozzles.

When installing larger cooling towers after the construction of the pool and building structures, a fan is installed, the fan is imposed with a refuser with a cooling tower, adjust the position of water distribution gutters or collectors and nozzles for a uniform water distribution over the irrigation surface.

Fig. 6. Alumitation of the coaxial impeller of the axial fan of cooling edge with the guide apparatus:
a - moving frame relative to the support metal structures; B - Cable tension: 1 - Hub of the impeller; 2 - blades; 3 - guide apparatus; 4 - Crying Crying; 5 - support metal structures; 6 - gearbox; 7 - electric motor; 8 - centering cables

The alight is regulated by the movement of the frame and the electric motor in the grooves for the fastening bolts (Fig. 6, a), and in the largest fans, the coaxiality is achieved by regulating the tension of the cables attached to the guide device and carrier metal structures (Fig. 6, b). Then check the direction of rotation of the electric motor, the smoothness of the stroke, the beyon and the level of vibration at the operating speeds of the shaft rotation.

Group of Companies "MEL" - Wholesale provider of air conditioning systems Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.

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Compressor capacitor blocks (CKB) for cooling ventilation are increasingly distributed when designing central cooling systems of buildings. The benefits of their obvious:

First, this is the price of one kW cold. Compared to chiller systems, the cooling air cooling with the KKB does not contain an intermediate coolant, i.e. Water or non-freezing solutions, so it costs cheaper.

Secondly, the convenience of regulation. One compressor condenser unit operates on one aircraft installation, so the control logic is united and is implemented using standard controllers of the supply settings.

Thirdly, ease of installation of the KKB for cooling the ventilation system. No additional air ducts, fans, etc. Only the evaporator heat exchanger is embedded and that's it. Even additional insulation of air ducts is often not required.

Fig. 1. CKB LENNOX and a circuit of its connection to the supply unit.

Against the background of such wonderful advantages in practice, we face a variety of examples of air conditioning system of ventilation, in which the KKB is either not working at all, or in the process of work very quickly fail. Analysis of these facts shows that often the reason in the improper selection of the KKB and the evaporator for cooling the supply air. Therefore, we consider the standard method of selection of compressor condenser aggregates and try to show the errors that are allowed.

Incorrect, but most common, methods for selecting the KKB and evaporator for direct flow of supply units

1. As the source data, we need to know air flow supply installation. Set for example 4500 m3 / hour.
2. Impact installation direct-flow, i.e. Without recycling, it works for 100% outdoor air.
3. We define the construction area - for example, Moscow. The calculated parameters of the outer air for Moscow + 28c and 45% humidity. These parameters are accepted for the initial parameters of air at the entrance to the evaporator of the supply system. Sometimes air parameters take "with a margin" and set + 30s or even + 32c.
4. Set the necessary air parameters at the output from the supply system, i.e. At the entrance to the room. Often, these parameters are set to 5-10 ° C lower than the required temperature of the supply air indoor. For example, + 15c or even + 10c. We will focus on the average value of + 13C.
5. Further S. using i-d Charts (Fig. 2) We build the air cooling process in the ventilation cooling system. Determine the required cold consumption under specified conditions. In our embodiment, the required cost of cold is 33.4 kW.
6. We select KKB at the required cost of cold 33.4 kW. There is a large and nearest smaller model in the KKB lineup. For example, for the manufacturer Lennox, these are models: TSA090 / 380-3 by 28 kW cold and TSA120 / 380-3 by 35.3 kW cold.

We accept a model with a reserve of 35.3 kW, i.e. TSA120 / 380-3.

And now we will tell you what will happen on the facility, when joint work Supply installation and chosen by us by the CKB according to the described method.

The first problem is the overestimated CKB performance.

Air conditioner ventilation is selected to the parameters of the outer air + 28c and 45% humidity. But the customer plans to exploit it not only when on the street + 28c, in the premises it is often hot due to internal insoles from + 15 ° C on the street. Therefore, the controller establishes the temperature of the supply air at best + 20 ° C, and at worst even lower. The KKB issues either 100% of performance, or 0% (with rare exceptions for smooth control using external VRF units in the form of KKB). KKB When decreasing the temperature of the outer (elevated) air, its performance does not reduce its performance (and in fact even slightly increases due to greater overcooling in the condenser). Therefore, with a decrease in the air temperature at the entrance to the evaporator, the KKB will strive to produce and less air temperature at the outlet of the evaporator. At our calculations, the air temperature is obtained at the output of + 3c. But this can not be, because Freon boiling point in evaporator + 5c.

Consequently, a decrease in the air temperature at the inlet to the evaporator to + 22c and below, in our case leads to an overestimated Performance of the CKB. Next, there is nohaparation of freon in the evaporator, the return of the liquid refrigerant to absorb the compressor and, as a result, the output of the compressor is due to mechanical damage.

But on this, our problems, oddly enough, do not end.

The problem of the second is an understated evaporator.

Let's look carefully at the selection of the evaporator. When selecting the supply installation, specific parameters of the evaporator are specified. In our case, this air temperature at the inlet + 28c and humidity is 45% and at the output + 13c. So? The evaporator is selected precisely on these parameters. But what will happen when the air temperature at the entrance to the evaporator will be, for example, not + 28c, and + 25c? It is easy enough to answer if you look at the heat transfer formula of any surfaces: q \u003d k * f * (TB-TF). K * F - The heat transfer coefficient and the heat exchange area will not change, these values \u200b\u200bare constant. TF - the boiling point of Freon will not change, because It is also supported by constant + 5C (in normal operation). But TV - the average air temperature has become less than three degrees. Consequently, the amount of transmitted heat will become less proportional to the temperature difference. But the KKB "doesn't know about it" and continues to give out 100% performance. Liquid freon returns to the absorption of the compressor and leads to the problems described above. Those. The estimated evaporator temperature is the minimum working temperature of the KKB.

Here you can argue - "But what about the work of Offs Split systems?" Calculated temperature in Split + 27c indoors, and in fact they can work up to + 18c. The fact is that in split systems, the surface area of \u200b\u200bthe evaporator is selected with a very large margin, at least 30%, just to compensate for the heat transfer reduction when the temperature is reduced indoors or reduce the velocity of the inner block fan. And finally,

The problem is the third - the selection of the KKB "With the stock" ...

Reserve for performance during the selection of the KKB is extremely harmful, because The stock is liquid freon at the compressor suction. And in the final we have a crack compressor. In general, the maximum performance of the evaporator should always be greater than the performance of the compressor.

We will try to answer the question - how to properly pick up the CKB for the supply systems?

First, it is necessary to understand the fact that the source of the cold in the form of a compressor-capacitor unit cannot be the only one in the building. Air conditioning of the ventilation system can only remove a portion of the peak load entering the room with ventilation air. And supporting a certain temperature indoors in any case falls on local closers ( internal blocks VRF or Fancoille). Therefore, the CKB should not maintain a certain temperature when cooling the ventilation (this is not possible due to the control of the regulation), and reduce the heat gain into the room when a certain outdoor temperature is exceeded.

An example of air conditioning ventilation system:

Initial data: Moscow city with calculated parameters for air conditioning + 28c and 45% humidity. Consumption of supply air 4500 m3 / hour. Heat inside of the room from computers, people, solar radiation etc. Make up 50 kW. Calculated temperature in premises + 22c.

Air conditioning should be seen in such a way that it is enough for worst conditions (maximum temperatures). But also ventilation conditioners should work without any problems and with some intermediate versions. Moreover, most of the time of the ventilation air conditioning system work just when loading 60-80%.

• We specify the calculated outdoor air temperature and the calculated temperature of the internal. Those. The main task of the KKB is the cooling of the supply air to the room temperature. When the outdoor temperature is less than the desired air temperature in the room - the CKB does not turn on. For Moscow from + 28C to the desired temperature indoor + 22c, we obtain the difference in temperatures 6C. In principle, the temperature difference on the evaporator should not be more than 10s, because The temperature of the supply air cannot be less than the boiling point of Freon.

• We determine the required performance of the KKB based on the conditions for cooling the supply air from the calculated temperature + 28c to + 22c. It turned out 13.3 kW cold (I-D diagram).

• We select at the required performance of 13.3 KKB from the line of the popular Lennox manufacturer. We select the nearest smaller KKB TSA.036/380-3C. capacity of 12.2 kW.

• We select the supplement evaporator from the worst parameters for it. This is the outdoor temperature equal to the desired temperature in the room - in our case + 22c. The performance of the evaporator on cold is equal to the performance of the CKB, i.e. 12.2 kW. Plus reserve in terms of performance 10-20% in case of contamination of the evaporator, etc.

• Determine the temperature of the supply air at an outdoor temperature + 22c. We get 15c. Above the boiling point of Freon + 5C and above the temperature of the dew point + 10c, it means that the insulation of the air ducts can not be made (theoretically).

• Determine the remaining inside of the premises. It turns out 50 kW of internal insoles plus a small part of the air supply air 13.3-12.2 \u003d 1.1 kW. Total 51.1 kW - calculated performance for local regulatory systems.

Conclusions: The main idea to which I would like to pay attention is the need for calculating compressor condenser block Not at the maximum temperature of the outer air, but to the minimum in the range of operation of the air conditioner ventilation. The calculation of the KKB and the evaporator, carried out at the maximum temperature of the supply air leads to the fact that normal operation will be only with the range of outer temperatures from the calculated and higher. And if the temperature outside is below the calculated - there will be incomplete boiling of freon in the evaporator and the refund of the liquid refrigerant to absorb the compressor.

In the case when the consumption of the steam phase of the liquefied gas exceeds the speed of natural evaporation in the tank, it is necessary to use evaporators, which, at the expense of electrically heating, accelerate the process of vapor formation of the liquid phase into steam and guarantee the supply of gas to the consumer in the calculated volume.

The purpose of the soup evaporator is the transformation of the liquid phase of liquefied hydrocarbon gases (SUG) into the vapor-shaped, which is due to the use of evaporators with electric heating. Evaporative installations can be equipped with one, two, three or electrical evaporators.

Installation of evaporators allows you to work both one evaporator and several in parallel. Thus, the installation performance may vary depending on the number of simultaneously working evaporators.

The principle of operation of the evaporative installation:

When you turn on the evaporative installation, the automation heats the evaporative installation up to 55c. The electromagnetic valve at the inlet of the liquid phase to the evaporative installation will be closed until the temperature reaches these parameters. A level control sensor in the cut-box (in the case of a level gauge in the cut-box) monitors the level and closes the inlet valve when overflow.

The evaporator begins to warm. Upon reaching 55 ° C, the magnetic valve at the input will be opened. The liquefied gas enters the preheated pipe register and evaporate. At this time, the evaporator continues to heat up, and when the temperature of the kernel 70-75 ° C is reached, the heating helix will be disabled.

The evaporation process continues. The evaporator core gradually cools, and when the temperature drops to 65 ° C, the heating helix will be turned on again. The cycle is repeated.

Complete set of evaporative installation:

The evaporative installation can be equipped with one or two regulatory groups, for duplication of the reduction system, as well as the steam phase bypass line, bypassing the evaporative installation for the use of the steam phase of natural evaporation in gas golder.

Pressure regulators are used to install the specified pressure at the output from the evaporative installation to the consumer.

• 1st stage - adjustment of the average pressure (from 16 to 1.5 bar).
• 2nd stage - Low pressure adjustment from 1.5 bar to the pressure required when submitted to the consumer (for example, in a gas boiler or gas pipeline).

Advantages of evaporative installations PP-TEC "Innovative Flussiggas Technik" (Germany)

1. Compact design, low weight;
2. efficiency and safety of operation;
3. Big thermal power;
4. Long term operation;
5. Stable operation at low temperatures;
6. Duplicated system of controlling the exit of the liquid phase from the evaporator (mechanical and electronic);
7. Protection against the icing of the filter and the solenoid valve (only from PP- TEC)

Package Included:

Double gas temperature control thermostat,
- liquid control sensors,
- Electromagnetic valves at the inlet of the liquid phase
- a set of safety reinforcement,
- thermometers,
- ball valves for emptying and deaeration,
- built-in gas phase connoiser,
- entrance / weekends,
- terminal boxes To connect the power supply,
- Electrical control shield.

Advantages of Evaporators PP-TEC

When designing an evaporative installation, you should always consider the three components:

1. provide specified performance,
2. Create the necessary protection against supercooling and overheating of the evaporator kernel.
3. Calculate the geometry of the coolant location to the gas conductor in the evaporator

The performance of the evaporator depends not only on the amount of power supply consumed from the network. An important factor is the geometry of the location.

Properly calculated location provides effective use heat transfer mirrors and as a result of the increase in the coefficient useful action evaporator.

In evaporators "PP-TEC" Innovative Fluessiggas Technik "(Germany), by right calculationsThe company engineers have achieved an increase in this coefficient to 98%.

Evaporation installations of the company "PP-TEC" Innovative Flussiggas Technik "(Germany) lose only two percent of heat. The rest is used to evaporate the gas.

Almost all European and US evaporative machinery manufacturers completely mistakenly interpret the concept of "Redundant Protection" (a condition for implementing the duplication of protection against overheating and supercooling functions).

The concept of "Defundant Protection" implies the implementation of "safety net" of individual work units and blocks or all equipment in full, by using duplicate elements different manufacturers and with different principles of action. Only, in this case, you can minimize the possibility of equipment failure.

Many manufacturers are trying to implement this function (when protected from hypothermia and the liquid fraction of the SUG to the consumer), installing two magnetic valves on the input line of the supply line, one manufacturer. Or use two sequentially included in the temperature sensor / open valve temperature sensor.

Imagine the situation. One magnetic valve hangs outdoor. How can you determine that the valve fails? In no way! The installation will work further by losing the ability to ensure the safety of response in time when the second valve fails in the case of failure.

In the evaporators PP-TEC, this function was implemented completely different way.

In evaporative installations, the company "PP-TEC" Innovative Flussiggas Technik "(Germany) uses the algorithm of the total work of three elements of protection against hypothermia:

1. Electronic device
2. Magnetic valve
3. Mechanical shut-off valve in the pipe.

All three elements have absolutely different principles of operation, which makes it possible to talk with confidence about the impossibility of the situation, at which not evaporated gas in the liquid form will fall into the consumer pipeline.

In the evaporative installations of the company "PP-TEC" Innovative Flussiggas Technik "(Germany), the same in the implementation of the protection of the evaporator from overheating was realized. Elements are involved both electronics and mechanics.

The company "PP-TEC" Innovative Fluessiggas Technik "(Germany) for the first time in the world was implemented by the function of integrating the fluid cutter into the cavity of the evaporator itself with the possibility of a constant heating of the plot.

No evaporative equipment manufacturer uses this actually developed function. Using the heated cutter, evaporative installations "PP-TEC" Innovative Fluessiggas Technik "(Germany), they were able to evaporate the heavy components of the SUG.

Many manufacturers, copying each other, set the output cutter before regulators. Mercaptans, sulfur and heavy gases contained in gas, having a very high density, falling into a cold pipeline, condensed and are deposited on the walls of pipes, the clipboard and regulators, which significantly reduces the service life of the equipment.

In the evaporators "PP-TEC" Innovative Fluessiggas Technik "(Germany), heavy precipitations in the molten state are kept in the cut-down until removing them through a reset ball valve in evaporative installation.

Completing mercaptans, the company "PP-TEC" Innovative Flussiggas Technik "(Germany) was able to increase the service life of installations and regulatory groups at times. So, carefully consider the operational costs that do not require constant replacement of regulators membranes, or their complete expensive replacement leading to the downtime of the evaporative installation.

And the realized function of heating the electromagnetic valve and the filter at the input to the evaporative installation does not allow the water to accumulate in them and when freezing in the electromagnetic valves, disabling when triggered. Either limit the inlet of the liquid phase to the evaporative installation.

Evaporative installations German company "PP-TEC" Innovative Flussiggas Technik "(Germany) is a reliable and stable job for long years of operation.

In order to improve the safety of operation of the refrigeration, condensers, linear receivers and oil separators are recommended (high pressure apparatus) with large quantity The refrigerant is placed outside the engine compartment.
This equipment, like receivers for storing refrigerant stock, should be fenced with a metal barrier with a locking entrance. Receivers must be protected by a canopy from sun ray And precipitation. The devices and vessels installed indoors can be placed in the compressor workshop or special room with a hardware, if it has a separate output outward. The passage between the smooth wall and the device should be at least 0.8 m, but it is allowed to install devices at walls without aislers. The distance between the protruding parts of the devices should be at least 1.0 m, and if this passage is the main one - 1.5 m.
When installing vessels and devices on brackets or cantilever beams, the latter should be embedded in the capital wall to a depth of at least 250 mm.
It is allowed to install devices on columns using clamps. It is forbidden to pierce the holes in the columns for fastening the equipment.
For installation of devices and further maintenance of capacitors and circulating receivers, metal platforms with a fence and a staircase are arranged. With the length of the site, more than 6 m stairs should be two.
Places and stairs must have handrails and cuts. The height of the handrail is 1 m, the covers is not less than 0.15 m. The distance between the racks of the handrails is not more than 2 m.
Tests of devices, vessels and systems of pipelines for strength and density are made at the end mounting work and in terms provided for by the "Devices of the device and safe operation Ammonia refrigerations. "

Horizontal cylindrical devices. Cover-tube evaporators, horizontal shell-tube capacitors and horizontal receivers are installed on concrete foundations In the form of individual tube strictly horizontally with a permissible slope of 0.5 mm per 1 m of the field length towards the oil resistance.
The devices are based on wooden antiseptic bars with a width of at least 200 mm with a deepening of the body shape (Fig. 10 and 11) and are attached to the foundation with steel belts with rubber gaskets.

Low-temperature devices are installed on bars thickness of no less thermal insulation thickness, and under
Belt placed wooden bars 50-100 mm long and a height equal to the insulation thickness, at a distance of 250-300 mm from each other around the circle (Fig. 11).
To clean the pipes of capacitors and evaporators from contamination, the distance between their end caps and the walls should be 0.8 m on one side and 1.5-2.0 m on the other. When installing devices in the room for replacing pipes of capacitors and evaporators, the "false window" is satisfied (in the wall opposite the cover of the device). To do this, in the building of the building leave the opening, which is filled with thermal insulating material, sewing boards and plaster. When repairing devices, the "false window" is opened, and at the end of the repair is restored. At the end of work on the placement of devices, automation and control devices are mounted on them, shut-off reinforcement, Safety valves.
Cavity apparatus for refrigerant blows compressed air, Testing for strength and density is made with removed covers. When installing a condenser-receiver node, the horizontal shell-tube capacitor is installed on the platform above the linear receiver. The size of the site must provide circular maintenance of the device.

Vertical shell-tube capacitors. The devices are installed outside the room on a massive foundation with a veil for the drain of water. In the manufacture of the foundation in concrete, the bolts of fastening the lower flange of the device are laying. The condenser is installed with a lifting crane on lining and wedges. Climbing the apparatus is strictly vertically vertically with molders located in two mutually perpendicular planes. In order to exclude the rocking of the veins of the wind, their loads are lowered into a container with water or oil. The vertical location of the apparatus is caused by a screw-shaped water flow along its tubes. Even with a slight slope of the apparatus, water will not normally wash the surface of the pipes. At the end of the reconciliation of the apparatus, the lining and wedges are welded into the packages and make a gravy of the foundation.

Evaporative capacitors. Completed on the assembly assembly and are installed on the site, the dimensions of which allow the circular maintenance of these devices. 'The height of the site is accepted with the placement of linear receivers under it. For ease of maintenance, the site is equipped with a staircase, and at the top arrangement of the fans it is installed additionally between the velocity and the upper plane of the device.
After installing the evaporative condenser, it is connected to it. circulation pump and pipelines.

The greatest distribution is the evaporative capacitors of type TVKA and "Evaco" produced by VDD. The drop-off layer of these devices is made of plastics, so in the area of \u200b\u200binstallation of the devices, welding and other works with an open flame must be prohibited. Fan electric motors ground. When installing the apparatus on the elevation (for example, on the roof of the building), the use of lightning protection.

Panel evaporators. Comes in the form of individual nodes, and their assembly is made during the installation work.

The evaporator tank is tested on the tightness of water in bulk and is installed on concrete slab Thickness of 300-400 mm (Fig. 12), the height of the underground part of which is 100-150 mm. Between the foundation and tank, wooden antiseptic bars or railway sleepers and thermal insulation are laid. Panel sections are installed in the tank strictly horizontally, by level. The side surfaces of the tank are isolated and plastering, set up the work of a stirrer.

Chamber devices. Warning and ceiling batteries are collected from unified sections (Fig. 13) at the installation site.

For ammonia batteries, sections from pipes with a diameter of 38x2.5 mm are used, for a coolant - a diameter of 38x3 mm. Pipes of fingers with spiral spiral ribs from steel tape 1x45 mm with a step of ribs 20 and 30 mm. Section characteristics are presented in Table. 6.

The total length of battery hoses in pumping schemes should not exceed 100-200 m. Installing the battery in the chamber is made using mortgage parts fixed in the ceiling when building a building (Fig. 14).

Batteries hoses place strictly horizontally by level.

Ceiling air coolers are supplied for installation assembly. Bearing structures The devices (channels) are connected to the schuelers of mortgage parts. The horizontal installation of the apparatuses is checked by hydrostatic level.

To the place of installation of battery and air coolers, air coolers are raised by loaders or other lifting devices. The allowable bias of the hoses should not exceed 0.5 mm per 1 m of power length.

To remove melt water during the thawing are installed drain pipeson which the heating elements of the ENGL-180 type are fixed. The heating element is a flicker ribbon, which is based on metal heating veins from a high alloy. specific resistance. Heating elements Pin on the pipeline spiral or lay linearly, fixing on the pipeline glass bench (for example, LES-0,2x20 tape). On the vertical section of the drain pipeline, heaters are installed only spiral. With a linear laying, heaters are fixed on a glass-grade pipe with a step of not more than 0.5 m. After fixing the heaters, the pipeline isolate non-combustible isolation And they are trimmed with a protective metal shell. In places of significant bends of the heater (for example, on the flanges), it is necessary to put an aluminum tape with a thickness of 0.2-1.0 mm and a width of 40-80 mm in order to avoid local overheating.

At the end of the installation, all devices are experiencing strength and density.