And the floors are placed right on the ground - you cannot avoid negative consequences. Paul must be lifted above the ground. Since the beginning of the 60s, the twentieth century were common at home in which the floor was stacked directly to the ground. Thanks to this, moisture, bad smell and mold began to appear in many homes.

In the 90s of the twentieth century, the principles were developed for which it was recommended to build houses:

Put at home only on suitable soils

Before proceeding to eliminate deficiencies and shortcomings, it is necessary to identify their cause. Here are some tips:

Insufficient cutting off the capillary moisture is very difficult to eliminate. This is due to the fact that the insulating material is not available, as it is under the stove. It is necessary to put a delay drainage pipes And see how well they function.

The following method of protection is as follows - you need to remove all the flooring, then pave synthetic material with the air layer on the concrete. Then he isolate the floor covering, either removed or new. Thus, through the air layer, penetrating moisture is removed. Plinth ventilation is also necessary to ensure that it can be done using pads.

Beautiful floor material is clinker tileSince it misses the deployment of moisture.

If possible, install heating floors

Improve ventilation in the house

Budget option overlappingbelt foundation is Paul technology in soil. This design solves the main problems - inadequate ventilation underground, high heat loss, the yield of harmful Gaza Radon. Concrete regularly surpasses wooden beams of overlaps, does not have restrictions on facing materials / floor coatings. It is easily integrated into the contours of the warm floor, cutting the energy consumption of heating systems.

Advantages of sex on the soil

The erroneous name of the plate overlappingdue to the external similarity of these structures. In fact, the screed is floating, separated from the foundation by damper ribbon. This makes it possible to eliminate the disclosure of cracks in the pairing walls from the internal stresses. The advantages of the design are:

The essential advantage of this overlappingis the lack of load on power frame Housing. It is not connected with the walls, has its own support for inert materials, allowing you to reduce the bearing ability of the foundation.

Manufacturing technology

For creating overlappingit is necessary to fall asleep underground with nonmetallic material (budget sand), shed every layer or seal the vibropilet. After that, it is enough to make a screed, setting two reinforcement grids, ensuring a protective layer of concrete. Right often, the plate is associated with a reinforcing frame with a foundation ribbon (only on rock, gravistrate soils). Waterproofing is carried out by polyethylene film, membrane, hydrokhotloxole.

Communications

Most developers are confident that it is introduced to the cottage exclusively plumbing, sewage. After that, problems arise - it is necessary to start the electrocabyl, the grounding center, the gas line. If you provide for the presence of a sleeve for each engineering system before backing up, you do not have to open the screed when finishing the premises. Grounding under the stovetop overlappingit is manufactured as follows:

The water supply (usually polyethylene tube) passes in the corrugation (depth of 1 - 1.5 m), the vertical part of the highway is insulated with polystyrene shells. The drainage system is usually not insulating - the drains always have a positive temperature, as they come out of the heated building. A bias of 3 - 7 degrees is a prerequisite for self-sample, without it will have to install forced sewage pumps.

The electrician is introduced at a depth of 0.5 - 0.7 m, thermal insulation is not required. The gas line usually passes through the air, it is introduced through the walls of the first floor. To protect against lesion, the signal tape (red), which excludes refiring with shovels, lows, is laid over the electric cable.

backfilling

The rules of the joint venture 31-105 prescribe the minimum sand layer 10 cm. However, at a considerable height of the base part of the tape, it is not advisable to pour the internal cavities of the earth, then the sand. The presence of organic guarantees a seating after 3 - 5 years of operation even with high-quality traam. Therefore, the developers are more often used by sand, the benefit is worth this material inexpensive. Specialists recommend a major river product with a minimum clay percentage to increase strength overlapping.

The most complex occasion is hydrostatic pressure (high AGB). Double film waterproofing is recommended under the sub-concret on top of it. In addition, the film layer reduces the clutch of the plate / sub-concrete, while maintaining floating properties. Recommended Pie Characteristics:

• film 15 microns minimum
• speakers 5 cm (brand mixture B7.5)
• polyethylene 15 microns
• plate 5 cm (concrete B15 - B22,5)

In SP 29.13330 The minimum string thickness is limited to 12 cm, regardless of operational loads. The required layer of nonmetric material is usually obtained by default.

The sand is trambed by layers (10 cm) is either richly wetted before laying. It is not recommended to shed it with water - you can blur the lower dusty soils. The crushed stone is relevant at a high sourder, since during wetting sand loses the carrying ability, turns into a shapeless mass.

Manual tamping to the state of "lack of foot shoe" takes several days, vibrating plates - a few hours. It can be collected with your own hands from any technology that you served (only the engine is needed). The stove is made of a massive workpiece, an eccentric is attached to the shaft.

Concreting

Floor Pie on the soil is multi-layered, the submersion is first poured (5 cm), decisive following tasks:

• protection of the waterproofing layer (relevant for rubbed submits)
• reducing the protective layer of concrete plate (up to 2 cm)
• surface leveling

It is not necessary to reinforce the screed, the edges of the lower waterproofing carpet are started onto the walls. The damper layer is created in several ways:

For overlappingmZLF tied with ribbon, two reinforcement grids are necessary. For a floating plate, a single grid of 6 mm rods or wire (if the spans are small). The recommended cell of 20 x 20 - 30 x 30 cm, P-shaped clamps for bundles of belts on the ends are not required.

The insulation throughout the surface is necessary exclusively for unheated premises (seasonal, periodic operation of the country house). From Radon reliably protects any foil waterproofing material. Moreover, aluminium foil Prevents heat loss. Concreting sequence has the form:

• related to MZLF Overlap - two-layer reinforcement by rods 12 mm periodic profile, welded grids (10 mm, cell 20 x 20 cm) in accordance with SP 52-101
• floating screed - Single-layer reinforcement steel mesh, two layers of fiberglass on both sides of it

In any version, the reinforcement shifts the book, since stretching efforts arise near the sole. Unlike the foundation, ceramzitobeton is allowed (class B12.5). British standards are stricter relative to low-rise construction:

• the thickness of the plate (floating) 15 cm is minimum, but there is no subsemore, the lower protective layer increases (5 cm at a minimum)
• heat insulator 6 cm (only high density XPS grades)
• top screed (usually with circuit TP) 7.5 cm minimum, cut off from the walls 2 cm layer extruder

A similar floor scheme on the soil received the name of the "Finnish Plate", although the relationship does not have the fundamentals. Domestic technologies suggest the insulation laying exclusively under the contour of the heated floor. Here it allows you to maintain heat, not to dig in vain, the whole thickness of the concrete. The geothermal heat of the subsoil is preserved by default, the sole of the building itself, the lateral freezing is excluded by the insulation of the scene.

Protection against Radona

According to the MHSN Regulation 2.02 in residential buildings, anti-cancer protection is necessary. Similar instructions are present in the joint venture 31-105 (single-headed house), SP 2.6.1.2612 (sanitary standards), SP 50-101 (foundations). Concrete screed overlapping Together with the waterproofing layer (membrane, polyethylene film) solve the problem in part. Premises need natural or forced ventilation.

Communications go through a floating plate, so input nodes must be sealed with a solution, sealant, zackecan. The sleeves are cut off from pipelines by demfer ribbons, fit into concrete when pouring. Store Foundation Conjugating Nodes, overlap isolate special compositions (impregnation).

The use of penetrating agents solves the problem comprehensively. Concrete acquires water-repellent properties, butts do not let gases in the residential premises. The overlap of the beams isolate is much more complicated due to numerous pairs of sawn timber.

Thus, the technology is considered in detail overlappingribbon foundation Paul on the soil. It is very economical option For a private developer capable of protecting from harmful emissions. Built-in warm floor guaranteed to reduce the energy consumption (usually gas) heating systems. The number of heating registers will be reduced, the layout of the premises will improve.

The ribbon foundation has become popular for the construction of low-rise buildings due to simple technology and low cost of work. It is a closed loop from reinforced concrete, which is located around the perimeter of bearing walls.

But if you decide to make a concrete floor in the house, then face the choice of which way it is to arrange: pour concrete floor on the ground or make the slabs of tape foundations with self-supporting structures.

Overlap from panels

In order to save money on the inner backfill, many are used for overlapping prestressed plates with round emptiness. it optimal option By the ratio of price / quality, but if you put them on a ribbon foundation, and tighten the space inside, then over time there will accumulate moisture from the soil.

Therefore, it is necessary to foresee the end-to-end ventilation. For this, the foundation should perform above the ground for a height of 40-50 centimeters so that in winter the snow does not cover ventilation holes.

The photo shows an example of overlaps after 6 years, made according to such technology without ventilation. As you can see, there is a rust from the reinforcement to the foundation, since this is the most vulnerable part of the stove.

It should be borne in mind that more often the base is at a much lesser height, and you cannot make the vent holes, or they will be closed in winter.

Paul in soil

If the house does not plan basement, then a more reliable, but expensive option will be made by the floor. Roughly speaking, a monolithic plate will be flooded inside the foundation. In this case, the floor in the house will be durable and can be heated.

It is important to make that the ribbon foundation or stove is not rigidly interconnected. Otherwise, over time, one of the foundations will give a shrinkage, cracks and height differences will appear.

You can implement on the following technology:

• and it is covered outside and inside to one level.

Note!
The inner backfill of the soil must be made layer-in-law at 20-30 cm.
Only such a thickness will allow you to well compact the layer using 100-150 kg tamping.

• To compact the soil you need to apply a layer of rubble with a fraction of 40-60 mm. If it is high load in the room, then you need to use a small crushed stone fraction of 10-20 mm. Be sure to follow the tamper on it, so that the lower layer of rubble entered the ground.

• The next layer will be concrete preparation. It is needed as a base for hydro-vaporizolation. If we put it right on the crushed stone, then during work builders will damage its tightness.
• Variazolation needs to be laid on the walls on the walls. If you do not do this layer, then the moisture from the soil will fall into the design of the first floor and condense there.
• Next stacked. For this, the extruded polystyrene foam is well suited, because of its low water absorption, high durability and compressive strength.

Tip!
To protect yourself from the penetration of cold from the ends, you need to fix the insulation with the allen on the walls.
He will serve as a damper for a screed.

• Floor screed is made with reinforcement with a welding grid 100 * 100 by a cross section of 3 mm. If the screed is made in a highly loaded room, for example, in the garage, the mesh should be 50 * 50 with a cross section of 4 mm, and the thickness of the screed is at least 10 cm.
• The last step will be the finish flooring of the floor. It can be any material: tile, porcelain stoneware, laminate, linoleum, etc.

To better figure this technology, we recommend watching the video in this article.

Is it possible to save

Such a ribbon foundation with a stove inside will be expensive, but observing this technology, you will provide your home with high durability and reliability.

How can you save on construction?

First of all, it is possible to replace vaporizolation with a conventional polyethylene film. But it is necessary to put it in two layers. However, it is worth considering that polyethylene is quite gentle material, and it is easy to damage during construction work.

If you have a layer of internal backfill, you have less than 20 centimeters, you can compact the soil using clay. So the probability of breaking the film about rubble when installing you will be lost.

Note!
It should be borne in mind that polyethylene will not give good vaporizolation, and the moisture will still penetrate inside.

Popular errors

The most popular error is the violation of the order of the cake plate or the use of other materials. Many simply do not understand the purpose of each layer.

For example, if you first put a layer of geotextile, and then a layer of rubble, there will be no sense from such a layer. Geotextile will not give well to compact the soil with rubble due to its density, while it will not provide steam and waterproofing.

Also cannot be used in this case as a filler to increase the level of clay. He has high water absorption, and when you will board it with a concrete tie, it will absorb moisture, and the concrete will dry a much longer time. For the same reason, it cannot be used as insulation. There are much more effective materialsthat do not absorb moisture.

Conclusion

Thus, you can make your own hands a reliable concrete floor in your home, which will rely on the ground. To do this, there will be a fairly low foundation 20-30 cm above the Earth. This is especially true if you use ready-made low FL tape base plates.

Battery of heat B. country cottage or cottage construction is the key to creating an energy efficient home. Alone to put the floor placed on the soil on one of the types of belt foundation, you can using a screed. Technology will suit for budget construction and large-scale housing construction work.

Features of floors

Flooring on the soil is a multilayer design that promotes high-quality ventilation and stability of the structure. The overlap in the form of a ribbon is justified for buildings with low basement floors and the impossibility of mounting the monolithic base.
Concrete floor facilities located on the soil include the following items:

• subfolder river sandwhich is tram;
• a layer of the midfractional material - rubble or clay;
• black screed of cement mixture;
• layers hydro-, vapor and thermal insulation;
• cement mortar;
• finish outdoor finish.

Organized layer-in-law construction cake protects the structure from freezing, the appearance of a condensing precipitate. The design of the floor is distinguished by durability, strength, simplicity of execution, but requires financial investments.

SNiP: Information for the Developer

The flooring device along the soil line will be effective if you adhere to the recommendations of SNiP 29.13330 from 2011. The document contains a number of conditions under which technology will be justified:

1. Holding waterproofing work. Optimal Material - extruded polystyrene foam, located under the sole of the construction. Foamed plates contribute to the preservation of geothermal heat.
2. The choice of the optimal thickness of the layers. The need to create a structure, its thickness depend on the level of the rigid moisture, the load load and the possibility of heating. With an AFT, less than 2 m, the sand recession is not used, and the black screed is replaced with a grilling of rubble. Loads more than 0.2 t / 1 m2 provide reinforcement with a wire of 4 mm in diameter.
3. Availability drainage system. Gasket DRET is required at high level groundwater. In private construction for the removal of flood, soil or melting water, they use landing.
4. The backflow of non-metallic bulk materials (20 cm of sand and as many rubble), followed by the dump prevents the satellite.
5. Laying geotextile fabric is relevant only when arranging filter communications or drainage. IN otherwise The soil does not compact, violating the strength of the foundation.

Technology ribbon base - Optimal for country construction. It minimizes the cost of performing each cake layer, increases the service life of the house, maintainable and reliable.

Varieties of the base in the form of a tape

The base in the form of a ribbon is suitable for the construction of buildings from heavy materials and on soils that are heterogeneous throughout the area. Simple technology The design of the construction makes the basis of the first floor, prevents shrinkage. The ribbon base allows you to equip the basement, is used when erecting houses with a complex configuration.
The tape, which is carried out under the inner and outer walls of the dwelling is characterized by ease of arrangement. The product needs a large number of building materials - concrete, wood on formwork, reinforcement, etc. In construction practice, several types of tape bases are created.

Monolithic, or bay design

It is erected directly by construction site. The construction is subject to additional reinforcement, and after hardening, it forms a rigid non-dissolution monolith.
The foundation requires the mandatory erection of the formwork from metal or wood that can withstand the weight and pressure of the solidified cement, it is metal or wood. The frame can be removable or non-removable. For stability, concrete masses are additionally insulated, laid waterproofing. The monolithic base is durable, with high strength.

Band base

Mounted from factory reinforced concrete blocks, which, after delivery, the construction site connects with the help of fittings and cement mortar. When erecting low-rise structures on the sandy ground, it is allowed not to use blocks-pillows.
The lack of construction is the complexity of the perfect fit on the size of the elements in the constructive configuration of the structure of the future at home.
Advantages of the collective belt base are quite a lot:

• erectation is made as soon as possible;
• labor costs for the establishment of the foundation are minimized by lease of special equipment;
• work can be carried out even in the winter.

The basement or basement floor is built on the national foundation.

Combined constructions

Combined ribbon foundation is used on complex soils if it is necessary to raise the level of the first floor in the presence of a slope or on the movable soil. The construction allows you to reduce heat loss in the whole house.

Boob and brick types

Budded base refers to a long time, but it is considered the most durable - it does not freeze and is not exposed to groundwater. Works imply a selection of stones and connecting them cement mortar. Boot concrete species differs from the previous one equal to the ratio of stone and cement (50/50). Brick ribbon foundation is standard brick masonry With the help of concrete. It is recommended to use on dry soils and be sure to put high-quality waterproofing.
The foundation in the form of a ribbon is suitable for laying floor on the ground in reinforced concrete, stone and brick houses With a density of more than 1,300 kg / m3.

Benefits of tape monolitha

Foundations in the form of ribbons allow you to organize an underground, to equip the thermal insulation of the private house. The design has many advantages:

• prevents the penetration of subsorative gases in the dwelling with proper waterproofing and backfill.
• the underground space does not need a gasket of ventilation systems.
• the soil and stove of concrete accumulate heat, which is suitable for frame and other houses with thin walls.
• concrete ties - a convenient basis, an ideal thermal platform for the organization of "warm floors".
• the heat insulation of the structure reduces the risks of the freezing of the foundation and the swelling.
• for communications laid at the backfill level, minimal insulation is required.

The inner space of the belt structure falls asleep, is insulated and waterproof before the installation of concrete overlap.

Material selection technology

Building materials for furnaceing floors on the ribbon foundation are selected depending on the level of the structure. To reduce construction costs, the screed is performed by working from top to bottom:

• put the reinforcing framework, which will withstand linolyum, carpet, laminate, tile, boards, or cauldron from multilayer plywood;
• folgened insulation lifted, cutting the number of heating points;
• put waterproofing, mainly rubberoid, film;
• we settle for a 4-7 cm thick base based on the cement M200, rubble and sand;
• form a sand pillow, which is tamped by a vibropilet to a depth of 20-30 cm.
• pour the main screed from durable concrete.

Selected materials will be able to technologically properly building floors. The amount of consuming raw materials can be revealed approximately. For the standard floor surface by the level of soil, 30 cm of sand, 5-10 cm concrete, 10 cm insulation, 5-7 cm screed and decoration Materials.

Arrangement of floors on a tape foundation

All works are divided into several stages. When performing everyone, it is necessary to observe the algorithm - so the design will be durable and reliable.

Failure of the sand layer

Before starting the events, it is necessary to take into account the need for a ram of bulk raw materials - manipulations are sealing a sand pillow. The tasks are performed in stages:

1. The sand is laid with a layer of 10-15 cm and in a dry form, the vibroplite is trambed.
2. Polyberry compacted with a hose with a spray nozzle is carried out. It is important not to overstat the material moisture, because In the future, it does not catch it.
3. Repeated seal. Vibroplitis is used twice, changing the direction of movement.
4. Sand scrolling is performed.

By moisturized material, you need to walk several times the vibropilet and wait for the layer drying.

Construction of reinforcing carcass

The foundations of a ribbon type reinforcement is difficult - the process is characterized by consideration. Experts advise adhere to step by step technology Works:

1. To lay a few smooth cross-line with a diameter of 6-8 mm, lengthening them by 100 mm.
2. Calculate a step - the distance to which the cement solution will be flooded.
3. Place on transverse pins ribbed longitudinal reinforcement with a diameter of 12 - 16 mm. Shape the bottom belt.
4. On places of pairing in a vertical position, mount the top rods.
5. Put on the elements of 2 longitudinal rods. Shape the bottom belt.

Connections of the reinforcing frame are welded, tied with clamps or patches.

Filling the foundation on the pillow

The foundation-petition is created on the already finished pillow of rubble and sand. Concrete mass is made in proportions 1: 3: 6 based on cement M200 and other materials. Independent concreting consists of the following steps:

1. Pouring of the starting layer with a thickness of 10 cm.
2. Secondary fill of the mixture to a height of 40-50 cm.
3. Sealing mass by vibrotambovka or piercing by reinforcement pin.

To reduce the time of work, cement mortar is poured over one reception.

Laying the waterproofing layer. Parosolation

Works are designed to protect the underground design from moisture. The concrete preassessment will ensure the smooth overlaying materials for the catch or stickers. The pre-concreting procedure is relevant in the conditions of the similar location of groundwater or when the basements arranged.
The waterproofing process is carried out according to the construction algorithm:

1. The polyethylene film with a thickness of 150 MK is laid by the bracket 15-20 cm, and then suture.
2. For the reliability of protection against the penetration of moisture and condensate, the second layer of waterproofs is estimated in a similar way.
3. The insulation of foam or extruded polystyrene was carried out. They are placed with a layer of 10 cm.

Using the foam, protect it from contact with a cement solution of a polyethylene film.

Varieties of tie

Floor arrangement on the soil is carried out in two techniques - dry and bulk. The choice of technology remains at the discretion of the owner of the site.

Execution of a dry tie.

The technology provides for the formation of layers - cushion-based pillows, sandy, rough screed and waterproofing. Then, using special finished mixtures, a screed flooring is carried out. The finished compositions are laid like this:

1. Install beacons (strips or profiles), fix them with putty.
2. Purples between the lighthouses crumbled ceramzit composition. River material on the waterproofing layer.
3. Place plates that are fasten with sealant with sealant or with self-samples of 19 mm long.

Finishing mounting work The edges of the film are cut off, and the formed gaps are sealed with sealant.

Self-tie of floors

The bulk technology creates a perfectly smooth surface for subsequent finish. Coating arrangement has a number of features:

1. The waterproofing layer is cleared of dust and processed liquid glassDiluted with water in proportions 2: 1. The surface is processed in 2-3 layers, after each drying of each (1 hour);
2. The mixture for the fill is prepared by hand based on a bulk material and water. The composition must be withstanding 10 minutes and repeat the kneading.
3. The mass is poured on the floor with a layer of 0.3-1 cm and rolls up with a spatula.
4. Air bubbles are eliminated - needle roller rolled on the surface.
5. The mixture formed after drying is eliminated by a spacion grid.
6. The finish is performed after pouring the mass.

Arrangement self-tie Compensates the load of the house, eliminates the shrinkage of the walls, isolates the noise from the heating equipment.

Terms of construction work

By performing the floors on the ground, try to abide by the boundaries of the layers, carry out the illery and laying of waterproofing for beacons. Conducting communications, place the wires in the metal box, the holes of which must be selected. Be sure to check the quality of the layers - only the construction will get strength and reliability. The floor at the soil level can be trimmed with insulation, on top of which to lay boards, tile or laminate.
With technologically correct gender design, careful monitoring of the height of the layers, the selection of the tape foundation, the product will last up to 50 years.

After completing work on the construction of a belt foundation and the walls of the future home, it is necessary to take the right decision, starting to arrange the flooring in the room, which must meet several requirements. It is necessary to create a structure that prevents the penetration of rodents and insects, which does not allow to appear with drafts and capable of expressing themselves as a strong, reliable and durable structure. The ideal solution is the construction of concrete floor on a tape foundation.

Features of the technology of creation of concrete floors

Preparation for the pouring of concrete sex on the soil

Concrete floor is called gender on the ground. This is due to the peculiarity of its structure, excluding the possibility of using wooden beams during the performance of the work of the construction of the construction. Pouring such floors requires creating effective and reliable waterproofingbut in accordance with the requirements technological process The construction of this design is possible only in those areas where the level of groundwater occurs exceeds two meters. In exceptional cases, it is envisaged at the building of the building of the building. Creating a drainage system.

Another mandatory condition is the presence of high-quality submet. The lack of the desired density of most soils requires the protrusion directly under the rough screed, since the existing indicators make it impossible to lay the floor from concrete directly to the soil. On the surface of such a design throughout its area, additional thermal insulation is built. This is due to the high thermal conductivity of the material.

Remembering the possible priming of soil and uneven shrinkage of concrete, to avoid cracking of monolith use technology using shrinking seams.

The presence of basement in homes where the belt foundation and the floors from concrete are equipped, excluded.

What will be required to perform work

Extruded polystyrene foams suitable for insulation

Considering the presence of groundwater, and observing the technology of creating sex in country houses, the basis of which is a ribbon foundation, will require:

1. Waterproofing materials, the role of which is successfully plays a polyethylene film laid in several layers (minimum in two layers).
2. River sand, which is unlike clay, perfectly misses moisture.
3. Ceramzit.
4. Crushed stone.
5. Cement.
6. Foam glass, extruded polystyrene foam, mineral wool. These are materials providing high-quality heat insulation.

The use of clay is allowed only on those soils that do not differ in high humidity. This material absorbs moisture, due to which it increases in size. When using rubble before the pouring of the draft screed, it is impregnated with bitumen and stacked over river sand.

Sequence of performance

Concrete floor is a design created for long-term use. Therefore, when working, it is necessary to strictly observe their sequence. From how carefully all manipulations are made, the proportions of the materials used are correct and the quality of the future design is accurately complied with the quality of the future design.

Floating foundation

Pouring concrete for floors on the ground is carried out after thorough preparation of the foundation, the grounds for further work. So, before pouring the concrete floor, it is necessary to remove the soil layer from all internal surface foundation. The depth of the finished depression reaches the meter. Smelling is spent only with river sand, which skips water well.

When creating sucks, do not use the former soil or clay. These materials contribute to the accumulation of water, which leads to the destruction of the whole structure.

Floating Keramzita

Concrete floors on a ribbon foundation begin with creating sand pillow. She is sleeping in layers, thoroughly shedding water and trambus every layer. Such floors are usually built at the same time when they are equipped with the foundation. Water spilled sand needs to be thoroughly tamped to get rid of the existing voids that cause the cracking and destruction of the floor.

Now the filtering pillow is created, for which the gravel layer is poured with a thickness of 1-15 centimeters, tram, and the sand is swept over it, which again threatens.

Installation of waterproofing and insulation

Design of insulated and waterproof

Before proceeding to the pouring of the draft screed, the first layer of waterproofing can be equipped with a polyethylene film. After checking the level of the foundation prepared for the floor, the film is stacked in two layers. We must not forget that throughout the perimeter of the room in which work is underway, the film rises to the wall above the marked level. The most important point is the performance of waterproofing in the corners.

Now there comes the moment of arrangement of thermal insulation. The insulation of the foundation of the floors is carried out using mineral wool or extruded polystyrene foam. Sheets of heat-insulating material are placed on the prepared surface, and are covered with reinforcement grid.

Screed

Before pouring concrete foundation For floors on the ground, it is necessary to make sure that there is a distance of at least 10 centimeters between the reinforcement grid and thermal insulation. This is a kind of gap that allows the reinforcement to be in the middle of the design and ensure its strength and long term operation. The same clearance should be between the walls and the bold concrete. To do this, form a formwork using 2.5 centimeter thick boards. After the solution completely freezes, they are removed by filling out the space mounting foam. Watch the video how to make a concrete floor screed with your own hands.

You can achieve the desired level with the help of beacons installed before the start of the fill. They are also extracted after the black shook becomes. Pipes are used as lighthouses. Footprints from them pour in the process of pouring a finishing screed. All ready surface Capped with a film, giving a solution to gradually dry.

In order for the screed to be established, it will take at least 20 days. After that, the flooring is placed on the established concrete, creating the finish coating.

fundamentaya.ru.

Floor for the first floor with a ribbon foundation

Let's look at more detail what is a ribbon foundation - strips from reinforced concrete, which are laid under the walls of carriers and distribute the weight of the construction throughout the perimeter. Such a solution allows sufficient resistance, squeezing the soil, avoiding skewing and sending the construction. As a rule, the concrete floor for the first floor is chosen for the ribbon foundation.

The phased process of laying concrete floor for the first floor with a tape foundation

When the ground floor is mounted or the foundation is made, go to the next step - floor mounting on the finished tape foundation. In the process of building the foundation (tape), the perimeter of the building carefully falls asleep soil in the process of preparation of the pit. After that, the soil is poured to the required level and further is carefully compacted. To compact the soil for 2-4 hours, it is spilled water throughout the perimeter of the square evenly. When the soil fully sedates, the layer of rubble layer is performed. It is necessary to choose a layer of rubble at least 10 cm, and the rubble fractions themselves can be both large and medium and small fractions.

We draw a concrete floor for the first floor

At the perimeter of the area of \u200b\u200bthe building, it is necessary to pour 6-10 centimeter sand layers and on top of the rubble layer. In order to protect against the exposure of moisture on the sandy layer, we declare a film from polyethylene. On top of the film will be superimposed reinforcement grid With a thickness of 10-12 mm (depending on the future load). The reinforcement grid must be knitting the cell size up to 20 centimeters. In those places where the armature crossing, in other words, the grid angles are welded using welding or associated with a knitting wire. When the grid completely bind it to raise, above the sand level. This is done to create a protective layer, in the process of the future fill of the concrete layer. Such a solution allows to protect the reinforcing layer from the adverse effects of atmospheric precipitation. Related fittings, filled with concrete, will distribute evenly all the load.

Bring your concrete fill in winter technique.

In the level of the concrete layer, the fill of 20 cm, the reinforcement grid must be raised by several centimeters above the surface. When reinforced grid Rimmed over the soil, rubble, plastic film and sand layer are moving towards the beginning of the fill of the concrete layer. As a rule, this is used by the 200 brand of concrete. For right settlements The required volume of concrete should be multiplied with the thickness of the layer of the layer on the total floor area (for example 20 centimeters), + 5% for the reserve, since the concrete does not fade in the factories or errors may occur in the calculations. Often when building a house there are big errors, it is for this reason that it is worth making a small margin.

For reliable protection of the finished foundation and gender from moisture, it will take high-quality waterproofing. See how to do it in video:

Smooth floor

To properly pour the concrete floor by level, you need to pull on two diagonals or direct along the thread room (lighthouses), and when reaching installed level Start the surface of the milk concrete. For this, a suit or shovel is used. This is a rough basis, and the pistol level of the floor from concrete will be with a screed.

Final

When the concrete floor poured onto the ground, now concrete is needed to cover with a film to protect against influence external environment, eliminate the rapid evaporation of moisture from concrete. You can only remove the film after 2 days.

The process of installing the floor from concrete to the ribbon foundation is completed. For the cladding of the draft surface, special insulation can be used (foam, ceramzite, ursa, etc.), which are covered with DVP, USB, boards and other facing materials.

o-Builder.ru.

Floor floor with a tape foundation: how to do in the house

As a rule, when performing a ribbon foundation in the house floors are arranged on the ground. There are several technologies for their execution. The selection of this or that option depends on the preferences of the owner and operating conditions. So, the facial flooring can be laid on wooden base, Concrete screed or monolithic slab. When choosing an option with a stove, it is either binding to a ribbon foundation, or a floating screed is performed, which in turn may be dry or bulk.

To speed up the construction of the house on the tape foundation for the floor of the floor of the first floor use reinforced concrete slab

To speed up the construction of a house on a tape foundation for the floor of the floor of the first floor, a reinforced concrete slab is used. She will be the basis for creating a future floor in the house. This stove lies at a short distance from the soil, which even in the most very coldy Under the house will not freeze. Such a soil is saturated with moisture and radon, so can transmit dampness plate and radone radon.

In this regard, in the base of the house on the belt foundation, ventilation holes are required for natural ventilation concrete slab And protect it from destruction by dampness. These holes should not be closed even in winter. By such a concrete slab, you can perform a traditional floor with insulation and apply any heat-insulating and finishing materials.

However, if the house is used low Cocol, for the device of full ventilation is not enough space. In winter, these holes may fall asleep at all. In this case, the floor is placed on the soil.

Tip: Because under the house, engineering communications should be paved, then it is better to lay on the construction of their maintainability at the construction stage under the floor the duplicate sleeves of all networks. This will allow you when clogged and fails the main pipeline to connect to duplicate networks and do not break the screed or other basis of the floor repair.

Features of floors

For backflows, it is better to take nonmetallic materials (crushed stone and sand) and layered them in layers in the laying every 20 cm

Before making the floor to the soil in the house on the tape foundation, it is necessary to understand which requirements are imposed on it:

1. Usually, the floor on the ground is not subject to the powers of the earth, since under the house there is a constant temperature due to geothermal heat of subsoil.
2. To protect the ground base from the saturation of moisture, which will be transferred to the floor, it is necessary to perform drainage and storm sewer around carrier structures at home.
3. In most cases, the soil under the house on the tape foundation will be as follows, so it is not necessary to use the soil in the process of digging by the house for backfill. For these purposes, it is better to take nonmetallic materials (crushed stone and sand) and lay them in a layer in laying every 20 cm.
4. You should not use the geotextile layer, which will reduce the efficiency of the soil seal.

"Pie" Paul on the soil

To correctly make the floor of the first floor on the soil, it is necessary to use all the required layers of a constructive cake

To properly make the floor of the first floor on the soil, it is necessary to use all the required layers of a constructive cake:

• The lowest layer will be a sandy-rubble pillow, which is thoroughly tram. This will ensure the stability of the entire design and protects from shrinkage.
• After that, concrete preparation is performed. For this, there is enough plates with a height of 40-70 mm, made of low-strength concrete.
• The waterproofing layer protects the thermal insulation material from the moisture coming from the ground. For waterproofing of the floor, rolled materials, films or membranes are usually used.
• The heat insulation layer is performed from a solid and efficient thermal insulation material. The height of the layer depends on climatic conditions In the region and the material used. This layer will help you to reduce the heat loss, which in turn will reduce the cost of heating at home.
• Reinforced reinforced concrete screed - this is the basis for laying different types outdoor coatings. It is possible to lay a laminate, linoleum, board, cork, porcelain tile or tile. To lay the parquet on the screed, you must make the basis of multilayer plywood.

IMPORTANT: Since the depth of the pit is larger than the project note of the pillow, this part of the pit is covered with a soil with layer-by-layer tamper. After that, you can make a pillow with a height of 60 cm. In this case, every 20 cm. Floods are trambed separately.

Floating screed technology

Finishing screed is performed with reinforcement

Floor arrangement on the soil in any case provides for the fill with low-strength concrete screed. This clip will be based on the design of the bulk or adjustable lags, which are commonly used when cladding the floor with a parquet or sex board.

The technology of performing a floating bulk screed in the house on a tape foundation looks like this:

1. First you need to make a snowing of a sand with a rubbing of each layer with a height of 100-200 mm.
2. After that, it is embarked on the draft screed. Reinforcement of this layer is not necessary. Sometimes under the black screed, the layer of film waterproofing is placed, but this is also not mandatory. To improve this screed, a layer of 50-70 mm high, made of concrete M 100 with a fraction of a fraction of no more than 5-10 mm.
3. Now the waterproofing membrane is stacked. For these purposes, you can take regteroid or film and put them in two layers. In this case, it is necessary to wrap an insulating material on a tape foundation for a height of 150-200 mm.
4. As a thermal insulation material for the next floor layer, it is better to use extruded polystyrene foam. Its effectiveness is much higher than that of other insulation, therefore the height of the layer will be minimal. In addition, this material is resistant to moisture, durable and durable.
5. The finishing screed is performed with reinforcement. To do this, you can use a wire mesh with a diameter of 4 mm with a cell size of 50x50 mm. For the pouring, a concrete of grade 150 is used with a shrub aggregate fraction with a fraction of 5-10 mm, river or mowed career sand, but without adding clay.

Tip: To reduce heat loss, the floor of the first floor can be equipped with heated. To do this, during the arrangement of the finish screed, pipes for transporting the coolant are laid in it, electrical cable or heating infrared mats.

Wooden Laggers - Budget Technology

The design of adjustable lag is considered budget option and suitable for the creation of a floor on the soil in the house on the tape foundation

The design of the adjustable lag is considered to be a budget option and is suitable for creating a floor on the ground in the house on the tape base. It is done like this:

1. First, a pillow is made from a nonmetallic material with layer-by-layer traam.
2. Then two layers of waterproofing film, rubberoid or other membrane insulating material are stacked. The edges of the material are triggered on the walls of the foundation for a height of 150-200 mm.
3. After that, a concrete screed with a height of 50-70 cm from low-strength concrete is poured.
4. Installing lag on adjustable supports. At the same time, the upper part of the supports is cut after installation to the desired height.
5. The heat insulating material is laid into the space between lags. For these purposes, extruded polystyrene foam or basalt wool can be used.
6. After that, the draft floor of a germ or plywood is made. Then you can lay the selected floor covering.

Technology performing a dry screed screed

Paul on the soil in the house on a tape foundation can be made by a dry screed method

The floor on the ground in the house on the tape foundation can be made by a dry screed method. In this case, the sequence of work is somewhat different:

1. Pillow and black screed from concrete brand 100 are performed in the same way as in the previous case. Further work Will be conducted on another technology.
2. The layer of waterproofing is stacked. To do this, you can use a dense polyethylene film.
3. Now on the draft screed, you need to install beacons. To do this, you can take special plastering profiles or guides for GLC. Lighthouses are fixed to the base with the help of self-tapping screws.
4. Then there is a clay crumb to be covered between beacons. It is leveled by the Rule for Lighthouses and trambed.
5. After that, pinned gypsum fiber plates are stacked. The sheet of sheets is pumped with glue and fastens with self-draws. If necessary, you can perform two layers of these plates. At the same time, the joints of the slabs in two layers should not coincide.

Floor design nuances

Waterproofing film or other rolled material used for the base isolation is necessarily started on the walls of the ribbon foundation to height at least 150-200 mm.

When performing any technology of the flooring device on the ground in the house on the tape foundation it is worth considering the following subtleties:

• Fertile soil inside the ribbon foundation circuit must be carefully removed. It is not suitable for tamping. All roots are carefully removed in this place.
• Insofar as polyethylene film Can pass radon, it is better not to use it as waterproofing. For these purposes, it is better to take products from vinyl acetate, various modifications of PVC or polycarbonate.
• Stacking the waterproofing material is worth producing in two layers, changing the direction of the bands to the opposite.
• The waterproofing material should have not only moisture protection, but also not to pass water vapor, which is in large quantities in the soil.
• Waterproofing film or other rolled material used for base isolation is necessarily started on the walls of the ribbon foundation to a height of at least 150-200 mm. After performing the entire design of the floor, the excess waterproofing along the edge of the walls are trimmed.
• The thickness of the heat-insulating material should not exceed the height of the tape base.
• When pouring the finish reinforced screed along the edge of the walls, a damper tape is stacked. It is needed to compensate for the deformation extensions of the screed and protection against its cracking.

Important: When performing a particular floor design on the soil, the thickness of the insulation is calculated individually taking into account the climate in the construction region and characteristics of the material used. The calculation of the pillow niza mark is performed after determining the thickness of all the layers.

kakpostroitdomic.ru.

How to make concrete floor yourself in a private house on the ground

There are two ways to lay floors in a private house: concreting on the soil or on beams and stoves. The technology of work is drastically different, the choice of the desired method depends primarily on the level of groundwater and soil dryness. The first option is cheaper, it is easy to perform by itself, the fill is suitable for all types of foundation, except for the pile. In this case, the concrete floor is a reinforced screed over the rammed soil, heat and waterproofing layers of building materials, each of which has different thickness and its functional purpose. In compliance with the requirements of the technology, it turns out even, durable and durable coating, fully suitable for decorative flooring finish finish Any type and withstanding significant operational loads.

Features

To the flooring in a private house stacked directly to the ground, certain requirements are put forward. For example, concreting is allowed at:

• Groundwater depth of at least 5 m.
• The presence of permanent heating in the private house, since the soil freezing leads to an increase in the load on the foundation.
• Dry and stationary soil.
• Well established foundation.

Concrete floor pouring is appropriate when building a private house with a basement or social Floor. Works begin after the construction of walls and roofs and pass according to the following scheme:

1. Level markup.

2. Leveling and dumping soil.

3. Fault of sand, gravel and rubble.

4. Installation of hydro and thermal insulation.

5. Reinforcement.

6. Bookmark formwork and installation of guide lighthouses.

7. Pouring of the solution, alignment and final screed.

Paul Marking and Soil Preparation

The latter is the lower point of future door openings, for creating smooth line The walls are made on the wall at an altitude of 1 m. Next to the entire perimeter, the "zero" level is formed: 1 m is downward, nails are clogged for convenience in the corners and the cord is stretched. After that, the entire construction garbage is removed and the alignment and dumping of the soil begins. The thickness required for multilayer design is 30-35 cm. In some cases it is necessary to remove excess primer, In others, shove (preferably sand). It is better not to spend the rambling, but with the help of vibrating plates, if there is no such equipment, then the usual log is used. At the output there should be a smooth and dense surface of the soil, without a premium under the legs.

The next step is to fill up and the rambling of pure river sand, to control the level of the floor, it is recommended to drive special pegs. On top of 5 cm of the base layer of sandwaterproofing is placed and gravel, claymzite or crushed stone, for sealing and leveling stones, the frustration is washed with water. The thickness of this formation is about 10 cm, to enhance the hydrophobic properties, experts are recommended to fill it with liquid bitumen. Such a device of concrete floor according to the soil is carried out to protect against the capillary penetration of moisture.

There are two options for the top layer: a rough concrete screed (6-8 cm) or filling with crushed smaller fractions mixed with liquid cement mortar. All sharp stone edges are cleaned, each reservoir is checked for deviations horizontally.

Heat insulation and reinforcement

The next stage is connected with the insulation of concrete floor in a private house and enhanced it. carrier abilities. The insulating materials are often used: foam plastic, minvat (stone basalt suited), polystyrene foam, perlite, moisture resistant plywood and plug. For additional protection against moisture, the lower layer of rubberoid or film is stacked. Using waterproofing membrane Instructively studies instructions for determining right side Installation. From above, the insulation is also protected by a thin film.

In order to enhance the bearing abilities of the floor from concrete, reinforcement of the future screed. This will require a metal (less often plastic) grid with rod thickness at least 3 mm. It stacked along the usual chess scheme, the minimum step is 10 × 10 cm. The higher the alleged loads, the thickness of the joints should be jointly connected by welding. Next place aligning lighthouses and pursue concrete.

Technology Pouring

Guides are stacked by a predetermined scheme in a step of 2 m, usually this board, a thin timber or metallic profile. They are fixed with a thick concrete solution, the top level is brought to the "zero" mark. A formwork from moisture-resistant plywood is established between them, all the elements that will be removed from the solution are processed by oil. It is advisable to carry out the finite screed of the concrete floor, the monolith and reliability of the design depends on it.

To create a solution, cement with frost resistance from 400, pure sidewood sand, fine-flower crushed stone and water are used. The proportions are respectively compiled: 1: 2: 4: 0.5. Be sure to use the concrete mixer, this stage of work is difficult to spend independently, it is desirable to invite a partner. The initial point of the pouring is the opposite door of the angle, several sections are immediately poured, the solution is spawned on top. The recommended thickness of the concrete layer at this stage is 5 cm. Vibratinglitis is used for sealing and filling voids.

Owned plots are equal to a long rule, surplus are removed, in right places Added concrete solution. After that, guides and formwork are removed, the process is repeated until the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe room is fully filling. The finished concrete surface is covered with a film and leave for 3-4 weeks before the final solidification, to avoid the appearance of cracks, it is wetted with water, at least 1 time per day. Self-leveling mixtures are used as the finishing fill, they are applied and smoothed in the same way: from a long corner to the door. The minimum interval required for drying them is 3 days, more accurate value is indicated in the instructions.

The mandatory condition for high-quality concreting is the dumping and verification of the horizontality of each layer. The finish concrete tie is carried out exclusively by lighthouses. In the case of installation with their own heights in a private house, there is a thermal gap of about 1-2 cm (foamed polyurethane or polyethylene), it is needed to prevent the formation of cracks. The level height depends on the insulation of the base, if it was carried out, the "zero" can be placed as above, as below the foundation. If not, the concrete floor should not be made below the upper part, to avoid the appearance of the freezing zones.

It is important not to neglect thermal insulation, the loss of heat in a private house through the bottom is at least 20%. To enhance the waterproofs, laying on the soil of a thin layer of clay is allowed, it is necessarily watered and tamped. When building the construction on raw soils, it is impossible to use clamzit due to its absorption properties (which increase in winter). Also, this material is undesirable as the main insulation.

To achieve the desired characteristics of cold protection from cold, a layer of clay is required at least 80 cm - much easier to lay plates from foam, 5 cm thick. A common error when working with concrete floors is a folding of the waterproofing layer from construction waste, large or sharp stones.

During the construction of country houses, the question often arises which foundation to use. Pretty rarely, but still some apply a ribbon foundation. A finely blurred tape or a full-fledged belt foundation that occurs below the drainage depth. Today we will look at one of the options for the floor of the floor along the ground in a country house with this form of the foundation.

Main ways of flooring device for soil

There are two main technologies of the flooring device on the ground in the future divided into various methods execution. The first most fiscal and least laborious way is the floor on wooden beams. You can also use steel beamsBut it greatly increases the cost of execution.

Let us discuss the shortcomings of this floor:

1. The need to increase the width of the foundation itself, the beams are necessary for something to be described. Some correct this "miss" by filling (masonry) of additional support columns on the inner perimeter of the foundation.
2. Loss of room height in case of support of beams for the foundation. The loss will be COLO 200 mm. You can compensate for this loss by increasing the height of the wall, which leads to unreasonable costs.
3. Paul across wooden beams will walk, no matter how high quality it is made.
4. In the immediate vicinity of the soil, the increased humidity and even from the specialized means of wooden beams is not great. A variety of "product" and ventilation systems do not always solve this problem.

The second, most expensive, but, in my opinion, the most reliable option is the filling floor with waterproofing and insulation. For myself, I chose this option.

Preparatory work

Floor arrangement on the ground is starting with the export of excess ground from the inner perimeter of the foundation, we give the entire surface of the base to one level.

In my case, the soil should have had a rather large amount, since in the manufacture of the foundation, the soil from trenches was partially placed in the premises.

Perimeter is ready, we begin inverse work, bring sand into the premises.

This will make it possible to raise the level of the future gender to the desired height and remove groundwater.

Sand dumping should be carried out with layers with mandatory tamping and pouring water. Tamping is more humanely carried out with gasoline vibrating plates. This tool Was taken for rent. The daily fee is quite acceptable, and in the manual this type of work it will not be possible to do so qualitatively.

A sign of a good trimmer of sand - when walking along the rammed surface, there are no traces of shoes.

Waterproofing and insulation

The next step of the device in the soil is the waterproofing of the perimeter. A welded waterproofing material was used. The pressure was performed on the walls of the foundation, glued with the upper waterproofing of the walls. The seams were also punctured, the material was harmful. An ordinary gasoline soldering lamp was used to burn waterproofing.

Next, it is necessary to carry out insulation. IN this issue There are also many options. Starting from frosting with clay and ending with ultra-modern polymeric materials.

It was not cheap, but a proven method is extruded polystyrene foam. This material has proven itself on thermal properties and strength.

100 mm thick sheets are used, there are grooves for the convenience of mounting. Several slots were filled with mounting foam.

Preparation and Pouring of the Concrete Screed

The reinforcement grid is laid. The grid is laid with some gap from the insulation, small stones and other residues of building materials are set. This will make it possible to be a grid in the middle of the fill, thereby giving the strength of the structure. Before filling, it is also necessary to prepare a technological gap between the walls of the foundation and our fill. I used the boards with a thickness of 25 mm, simply laid out around the perimeter of the flooded premises. After filling, the boards will be extracted, and the slit is filled with mounting foam. This measure will reduce the heat of loss, as well as avoid problems with thermal expansion of the screed.

For the device screed used ordinary cement-sand mixture, mixed in concrete mixer. For the fill at the level used beacons with periodic movement. It is possible to use self-leveling ready-made mixtures, but this is an order of magnitude increases the cost of work. The screed is ready, cover it with a film. This measure will allow you to keep moisture in the material, thereby avoiding cracks when frozen. The need for daily irrigation will disappear.

After 20 days, it is possible to lay a finishing material. Located tile And in some premises laminate. Before laying a laminate, it is necessary to put additional waterproofing and the substrate. In the article "Substrate for Laminate" you can learn what kind of substrate it is better to choose. For waterproofing, a conventional polyethylene film is suitable.

No one bothers to put water warm floors into this screed, it is necessary to change the composition of the mixture when pouring, but about it the next time.

A fairly common practice in private construction is the floor of the ground on the belt foundation. This option was particularly popular due to its numerous advantages, among which efficiency and simplicity in the construction, because for its arrangement does not require expensive materials and heavy equipment.

Paul by Soil - Quality and Technology Features

What is the basis of the ground? This design, with the device of which there is no distance between the ground and the floor - it is right on top of the soil, eliminating the possibility of aircraft.

Most often, the floor by the soil is suitable in the houses erected on a tape basis (pour it between the walls of the basis), so it is not carrier. The weight of the walls and roofs of the building falls on the base, and the floor takes a load from the finishing coating, interior items, undesupply partitions and people.

Structure this type Floor is distinguished by multi-layered. Each of the seven levels plays a certain role influencing the quality of the finished design. Paul in the soil consists of:

• Soles
• Underfilic layer
• Waterproofing
• Insulation
• The main carrier layer
• Leveling screed
• Finishing coating

Having understood in the purpose of each layer, to choose the materials for the establishment of the floor will not submit special difficulty. And thanks to their availability, you can save considerably.

Advantages and disadvantages

The device of floors on the ground with a belt foundation has both positive and negative points.

Among the advantages of this type of floor can be noted:

• That it is suitable for filling in most types of soil;
• Winter beam resistance;
• Small consumption of concrete mix, if compared with the slab base;
• Simplicity in the installation;
• The possibility of independent bookmark without hiring professionals;
• No need additional insulation engineering communications;
• The fact that he is immediately ready for laying any floor coverings;
• No need to ventilate the underground.

In the presence of large number Explicit merits, the floor in the soil are also inherent in the cons:

• Earring an impressive base of deepening a ribbon base must be covered with a considerable amount of land, which is fraught with extra costs;
• If the territory for building is different high levels Groundwater, floor laying on earth does not make sense.

Paul varieties on earth

The flooring device on the belt foundation does not require large physical and material investments, because all construction works You can do yourself without the help of specialists. It is worth knowing that there are two options for furnaces in the soil performed by:

• Concreting;
• Wooden beams.

Both options have their own characteristics.

The concreting method is known as the suspended floor by the soil - the soil in this case is a formwork for the reinforced concrete slab. Finished design It turns out very strong and reliable.

The method using lags from a tree differs from the previous one, which provides for the presence of a ventilation achieved by lifting the floor over the soil.

To decide on the selection it is worth considering the installation technique of each of the floors of the floor.

Installation using concrete fill

Filling in the soil concrete mixture It is carried out in several steps:

• The upper laying level is set - the guide is the doorway;
• Filtering pillow is done. For this, gravel is falling asleep and tamper, a similar procedure is made with river sand;
• It is insulated with steam. On sandy mound, entering the walls, a pair of plastic film layers is stacked. The thickness of the material should be 3.3 cm. Instead of a film, a membrane is often used;
• To add the strengths of the future floor mounting mesh;
• Lights are put with self-tapping and dowels;
• Concrete solution is prepared: cement, sand and water is mixed. The ratio of cement with sand should be 1: 3, respectively. To simplify the work process, you can order a ready-made mixture.
• The solution is poured by strips;
• Concrete is aligned by beaches through the rule;
• Thermal insulation is produced. The insulation is most often used by foam, polystyrene foam, ceramzite or mineral wool. The choice depends on the preferences of the owner of the house and its financial capabilities;
• Mounted finishing layer.

One of the main advantages concrete screed - Its evenness, due to which it can be mounted on the most "capricious" final coatings, like 3D gender.

Installation using wooden beams

Installation of flooring on the soil using wood beams produced in a few steps:

• The soil falls asleep rubbed - the layer thickness should be 5 cm. Crushed stone is tamped, then covered by bitumen;
• With the help of the construction level, beacons are installed, which will serve upon the subsequent mounting of the supports of the brick;
• A screed is set - it will become the basis for the bedside tables;
• On the floor area, brick bedside tables are set in the same height (the maximum height of each must be no more than 20 cm) at a distance of 0.8 m from each other;
• Ends of the supports are wrapped by rubberoid (science on brick block no more than 4 cm);
• The beams are stacked on the bedside tables (the distance between the lags and the walls should be 2 cm) and are attached to the dowels and self-tapping screws;
• Pinned plates are stacked, which are nails nail to beams;
• The evenness of the resulting design is checked with a level, all defects are smoothed by the plane;
• Hats nails are appleed;
• The surface is ground;
• Optionally, thermal insulation is done;
• The final layer is mounted (you can simply paint the surface or cover the floor with varnish).

The main feature of sex on the soil is its multi-layeredness, and each level has a special purpose. Due to the wide range of a variety of materials on modern construction market Any wizard will be able to qualitatively equip each layer. Concrete or wooden floor in the soil - a choice for the owner of the future at home. Whatever the option was made, the main thing is to comply with the installation recommendations and carefully follow the instructions. If the work is performed correctly, sexual coating It turns out durable and durable.

Video-1: Details and nuances (mat. Part)

Video-2:

Video-3: Black screed