Content

Fungi are the causative agents of many diseases in plants. To destroy them, special chemical, biological substances are used. Fungicides are one of the varieties of pesticides - agents designed to destroy pests and diseases of different crops.

What is the fungicidal effect of drugs on plants

The name of the substances - fungicides - comes from the merger of two Latin words "fungus" and "caedo", which mean "mushroom", "I kill". The formulations are directed against pathogenic fungi that cause plant diseases. Study the effects of fungicides:

• fungicidal - responsible for the destruction of the fungus;
• fungistatic - partially inhibits the development of undesirable organisms;
• preventive - prevents the formation of fungus.

Fungicides belong to the category of pesticides: they are included in the group consisting of insecticides, bactericides, nematicides, acaricides. Protective and preventive properties are manifested due to the content:

• sulfur and its compounds: barium polysulfides, calcium;
• metal salts: especially copper, mercury, cadmium;
• dithiocarbamic acid salts;
• derivatives of phenols;
• derivatives of triazole, imidazole;

For a detailed acquaintance with the action of fungicides, study their main varieties. Each type is different individual characteristics:

Classification signs	Examples of drugs	Properties
By action on the pathogen: protective, therapeutic.		protective - used for processing healthy plants for the prevention of diseases; medicinal - destroy the existing disease.
By purpose of use: standard, for seed treatment, cultivation of greenhouse and greenhouse land, for perennials during their hibernation. By the nature of distribution within plant tissues: contact and systematic.		contact - active in that part of the vegetation, soil where they were introduced; systematic or systemic - they penetrate into the vascular system of the culture, move through its tissues, act for 30 days; systemic contact - they consist of components of contact and systemic action, this combination is considered the most effective.
By active ingredient: organic, chemical.		organic - contain microorganisms that decompose after exposure to crops, soil; chemical or inorganic - consist of chemical compounds: rich in copper, iron, mercury, sulfur, nickel, manganese.

Prevention and protection against diseases are carried out by watering, spraying, dressing seeds. Methods for using fungicides:

• dressing of seeds, bulbs, tubers - disinfection of planting material is carried out, further infection with a fungus, death of seeds, plants is prevented;
• spraying and pollination - contact action fungicides are used, the compositions are sprayed onto the affected crops with a spray bottle, if necessary, the procedure is repeated, start pollination in spring, finish in autumn;
• application to the soil - systemic fungicides are used, which not only effectively destroy fungal spores, pathogenic microorganisms, but are also well absorbed by the root system of plants.

Like any other chemical formulation, fungicides should be applied with due regard to certain rules security. Use the following guidelines:

1. Wear protective clothing before work: gloves, goggles, apron, respirator.
2. Read the instructions on the package.
3. Make sure that small children and animals do not come into contact with substances.
4. Do not consume processed fruits, wait until the substance dissolves.
5. Remember that fungicides are poisonous, so keep them away from drinking water.

Effective fungicides for indoor plants

For processing indoor plants emulsions, powders, solutions are produced. There are biological and chemical antifungals for plants. The latter are recommended to be applied before the period of active growth, after the end of flowering, harvesting. Biological fungicides are often allowed to be used at any time.

Name of the drug	Active substance	Characteristics and properties	Application features
	Benomil (concentration 500 g / kg).	Suitable for eliminating many fungal diseases. Can be used in conjunction with pesticides, growth regulators, top dressing. After preparation of the solution, no sediment remains.	Etching of planting material and foliage is carried out. The solution is prepared from 1 liter of water, 20 g of concentrate. Processing up to 2 times every 3 months. The maximum spraying effect is noticeable at high temperatures.
	Antibiotic complex based on Streptomyces fradiae.	Release form - flowable paste in jars of 10 g. Protects against fungal diseases, increases immunity, promotes seed germination, development of the root system, ripening of a high-quality crop.	Suitable for indoor and outdoor crops. The solution is prepared from 1 tbsp. l. concentrate, 3 liters of water. Spraying is carried out 3-4 times every 3 months at intervals of 20 days.
	Suspension concentrate propiconazole.	Copes with powdery mildew, scab, oidium.	Processing of pears, apple trees, grapes is carried out. The liquid is prepared from 2-3 ml of Vectra and 10 liters of water. For one fruiting tree, up to 5 liters of working solution are used, for a growing culture - up to 2 liters. Processing is carried out at least 10 days before harvesting the fruits.

Biological garden antifungals

Fungicidal biological products contain active bacteria that destroy pathogens and prevent their reappearance.

Name of the drug	Active substance	Characteristics and properties	Application features
	Copper oxychloride (concentration 400 g / l).	Release form - aqueous suspension. Refers to contact fungicidal agents. Copes with fungal diseases.	Processing of decorative, vegetable, floral, technical, fruit crops... Spraying is carried out when it is warm and there is no wind. The solution is prepared from 10 liters of water, 40-50 g of concentrate (the amount depends on the type of culture being treated).
	Bacillus subtilis.	Release form - dry powder and tablets. Eliminates Alternaria, Rhizoctonia, Septoria, root rot, powdery mildew, fungal infections on foliage, in the ground.	A working solution for irrigation is made from 10 liters of water, 2 tablets of Alirin, 1 liter of water is taken for spraying, 1 tablet. Up to 3 treatments are carried out per season, there should be intervals of 5-7 days between treatments.
Biofungicide "Bactofit"	Bacillus subtilis, spores and cells of the producer culture, metabolites.	Protects against the emergence of pathogens. For the prevention of powdery mildew. Recommended when it is impossible to apply chemistry.	Processing of fruit and berry crops, carnations, roses. The solution is prepared from 2 g of the substance, 1 l of water. Must be applied when cool and damp. Sprays 24 hours before rain. Processing at 5 day intervals.
Bordeaux mix	Copper compounds, poorly soluble in liquids.	The mixture is a neutralizer of acidity. It must be applied very carefully, otherwise there is a risk of burning the plants. The fungicide is stored for 24 hours if you add 7-10 g of sugar to it (amount for 10 liters of working solution).	To create a solution, 300 g of lime is slaked with water. The same is done with copper sulfate. 2-3 liters of boiling water are added to the mixture with lime. Each solution is brought up to a 5 liter volume. The mixture with lime is filtered through cheesecloth, copper sulfate is gradually added to it, everything is thoroughly mixed. You should get a liquid of a bright blue hue - this will speak of the correct proportions. Spraying with liquid is carried out.
Glyocladin	Mushroom culture Trichoderma harzianum VIZR-18.	Biological fungicide, used for the treatment, prevention of root rot.	Processing indoor and outdoor plants. 1-4 tablets are placed in the ground during sowing. Protection lasts about 1 month.
	Bacillus subtilis.	Biological fungicide, suitable for treatment, prevention of diseases, effectively fights against leaf spot of bacterial origin, powdery mildew, late blight, fusarium.	Spraying, watering indoor and outdoor plants. The solution for irrigation is prepared from 1 tablet, 5 liters of water. Spraying is carried out with a liquid of 2 tablets, 5 liters of water. Remember that the drug will be less active in cool, humid weather.
Copper sulfate	Copper sulfate.	Release form - soluble powder. Protects, heals, eliminates pests, improves immunity, the ability to resist infection by harmful microorganisms.	Processing of pome fruits, stone fruits, ornamental, flower, berry, fruit crops. 50-100 g of copper sulfate is mixed with 10 l warm water... The solution must not be prepared in a metal container. The liquid is used on the day of creation. Processing in the morning and in the evening, 2 times a year, in spring, in autumn at above-zero temperatures, when there is no wind or rain.
Fitosporin-M	Soil bacteria Bacillus subtilis.	Release form - liquid, powder, paste. Microbiological fungicide, ideal for the treatment of bacterial fungal diseases. Cannot be used with drugs that have an alkaline reaction. Fitosporin-M tolerates freezing, the field of which does not change the effectiveness of the composition.	Suitable for dressing seeds, bulbs, foliage of mature plants.

Systemic fungicides for the garden

Systemic fungicides quickly move through the vascular system of adult plants, protecting their growths that have developed after treatment. The main purpose of such formulations is to eliminate existing diseases, to prevent their occurrence. The most effective fungicides are listed in the table:

Fungicide name	Active substance	Characteristics and properties	Application features
	Azoxystrobin.	Release form - 1 liter bottles, 6 ml sachets. Helps get rid of brown spots on vegetable crops Oh, vine, powdery mildew, late blight.
	Cymoxanil, copper oxychloride.	Protection against fungal diseases, preventive, therapeutic effect. The effect lasts up to a month. Not dangerous for bees and warm-blooded animals.	The solution is made from 30-50 g of powder, 10 liters of water.
	Difenoconazole.	Release form - ampoules of 2 ml and bottles of 10, 50, 100 ml. The liquid contains 1.5-2 ml and 10 liters of water. Long-term protection against scab, powdery mildew, coccomycosis. The effect is noticeable already 2 hours after spraying.	Suitable for fruit crops. Processing up to 1 time in 2 weeks.
	Kresoxim-methyl (concentration 500 g / kg).	Protects, prevents the appearance of powdery mildew, black spot, rust, scab, root cancer of shoots.	The solution is prepared from 10 liters of water, 3-5 ml of Strobi. Used for the prevention of diseases. If there are already fungal spores, then it will not be possible to get rid of them. Suitable for dressing seeds before planting.
	Cymoxanil.	The form of release is water-soluble granules, which, after preparation of the working solution, are resistant to washing off: due to the ability to bind with vegetable wax. It penetrates deeply into foliage, so the effect is noticeable even 1-2 days after being affected by the disease.	Suitable for tomatoes, potatoes, onions.
	Penconazole (proportions 100 g / l).	Available in the form of an emulsion concentrate. Protects against powdery mildew, sulfur, rust. It is characterized by moderate toxicity for humans, animals, safety for fish and birds.	Recommended for processing vegetables, ornamental, fruit crops, grapevines. In the presence of sulfur, 2 ml of the concentrate, 10 liters of water are taken. Powdery mildew is treated with a solution of 4 ml of the substance, 10 liters of water. Processing is carried out once every 14 days.
	Cyprodinil (concentration 750 g / kg).	Release form - water-dispersible granules. Treats Alternaria, Moniliosis, Scab. In grapes, berry rot is prevented, in fruit and stone fruits - moniliosis, curly leaves, coccomycosis.	The substance is not washed off with water. Recommended for use when it is cool and damp. The effect decreases when the air temperature is over 25 degrees. Processing is carried out 14-30 days before the removal of the fruits. The working solution is prepared from 2 g of Horus and 5-10 liters of water (the choice of volume depends on the disease).

Found a mistake in the text? Select it, press Ctrl + Enter and we'll fix it!

Problems with insects and fungi are not limited to the garden bed. The greenhouse conditions of window sills and balconies are very popular with mold, especially when we carefully care for the plants - regular watering, soil fertilization, indirect Sun rays... Such conditions are liked by insects and fungi as well. Sometimes you have to seriously think about pesticides and fungicides.

In conditions home cultivation we are forced to approach the choice of potent agents very carefully - plants are in the same room with us, how to calculate the minimum dosage, is it possible to eat processed herbs without fear ... But for small "production volumes" of a home garden there is a good and proven alternative to synthesized concentrates - natural pesticides and fungicides that you can prepare yourself from the plants and minerals we are used to.

I tried to publish the recipes with the greatest positive feedback, since personal experience I have little use - I always saved alcohol, about which there are also a couple of words below.

Milk and salt for powdery mildew

• A glass of milk
• Glass of water
• A level teaspoon of salt.

The salt dehydrates the fungus, and the milk allows the salt to stick to the leaves. It is advisable to cover the soil so as not to salt it during treatment. Process every 2-3 days.

Canola oil and anti-soft insect soap

Mix a tablespoon of rapeseed oil with a few drops liquid soap and a liter of water. Insects really die from him. From rapeseed, as well as from soybeans, natural effective pesticides are made.

Natural essential oils

Citrus essential oils are excellent at warding off pests. Especially effective: lemon, orange, bergamot, lemongrass. Conifers work worse.

Dissolve a few drops of oil and soap in 0.5 liters of water and irrigate the plants for prevention.

Himalayan pink salt

Himalayan salt is a natural inorganic pesticide. It contains 83 chemical element, some of which destroy the shells of soft-bodied pests and prevent the growth of spores of fungi and mold. This salt works better than rock and sea salt (that's what they say, but I'm restrained in such statements. Still, the main working substance in this case is banal sodium, and not the homeopathic amount of molybdenum, gold and something else there in Himalayan salt). 1 tablespoon per liter of water. It is possible to irrigate plants for prophylaxis, but covering the soil, you can saline the soil.

Hot pepper + garlic + onion

These natural pesticides in different combinations most commonly found in recipes. Here's a basic recipe:

• 2 teaspoons chili powder (hot pepper, cayenne)
• Half onion
• 3-4 cloves of garlic
• 1 liter of water

Load the onion and garlic into a blender with a little water and grind until a paste is obtained. We mix the pasta with a liter of warm water and pepper, put in a warm place to infuse for a day. We filter, irrigate the infected plant with infusion every 2-3 days. The tincture should be refrigerated and will last for several weeks.

Natural laundry soap

Probably, everyone knows about the effectiveness of soap against, literally, everything. Apparently, the alkali in the soap is a good pesticide and fungicide, and soap base helps active substances adhere to the plant.

Grate 10 grams of soap and dissolve in a liter of warm water. There are recipes with the addition of 2 teaspoons of baking soda. But not only laundry soap appears in recipes for natural pesticides.

Liquid soap

Variations with liquid soap are becoming more common, and I think that thanks to a huge number organic and inorganic salts, liquid soap is effective in its own way in the fight against insects and molds.

Dissolve a teaspoon of liquid soap in a liter of warm water, process the plant from a spray bottle every 2-3 days. Soda can also be added to this solution. There are recipes for a solution of liquid soap with rapeseed oil: 1 tbsp of oil, 1 tsp of soap and a liter of water. It was with such a mixture that Benjamin's ficus was saved, which was ill with an incomprehensible thing and shed its leaves. after processing, the entire overgrowth.

Tobacco leaves

This is actually a good pesticide, but with one significant drawback - tobacco mosaic virus very often lives in tobacco, which I wrote about in the article. And it is not suitable for processing nightshades (tomatoes, peppers, eggplants ...). Insist 0.5 cups of tobacco leaves in a liter of warm water for 24 hours, strain and add a teaspoon of liquid soap (there are variations with milk - a glass of milk, 2 glasses of water). Spray every 2-3 days until the problem disappears.

Chrysanthemum flowers

Chrysanthemum contains a powerful paralyzing pesticide that can deal with most garden pests... Pour 0.5 cups of dried or 1.5 cups of fresh flowers with a liter of boiling water and boil the chrysanthemum over low heat for 20 minutes. I don't like cooking herbs, I steam them in a thermos, but in original recipe still cooking. Let the broth cool and strain. Water the sick plant.

Update 07/11/2017 I recently watched a lecture on chemistry, which mentioned natural plant pesticides. The substance in chrysanthemum is a very powerful thing; when producing a concentrate and using it in the so-called "biofarming", it harms the health of the people who work with it.

Rhubarb leaves

Rhubarb works thanks to organic acids... Fill a glass of finely chopped rhubarb with hot (not boiling water!) Water and let it brew warm for a day. Strain, add a spoonful of soap. Water until the disease or pest disappears. Also suitable for prophylaxis.

Alcohol

I myself use alcohol when the heating is weak and damp in early spring. It is just at this time that the protective properties of the plant itself are weakening, since it is time to transplant and change the soil, and all sorts of scale insects and fungus on the surface of the soil are right there. I wipe the leaves of the plant with a cotton pad dipped in pharmacy alcohol, I do not dilute it. Can be sprinkled with alcohol, including windowsills and window frames... This is an excellent remedy for literally everything except viruses. I sprinkled the thyme with alcohol when I brought spider mite- works.

Garlic + mint + pepper

It is a pesticide insecticide that works great for both treatment and prevention.

• 5 cloves of garlic, peeled
• 0.5 cups dried mint leaves (or a glass fresh, the stems are fine here too)
• 1 tsp hot pepper
• 1 tsp dishwashing liquid or liquid soap
• 1 liter of water.

Load everything into the food processor except water and soap and grind into a paste. Mix the paste with water and bring to a boil, leave to cool for 12 hours. I would pour boiling water over the pasta, without cooking. Strain, add soap and water the plants.

chamomile

Chamomile works well against fungal infections of plants and soil. Pour 1 glass of dried chamomile flowers into a thermos and pour a liter of boiling water. A thermos is a good alternative to boiling in a water bath, and if you have the opportunity to steam the grass in a thermos, it is better not to boil the herbs with gas. Let it brew overnight, strain. This infusion can be used to irrigate and water plants. If mold appears on the soil, first we must dry it, and then add additional moisture.

Aspirin

You need to write a separate article about acetylsalicylic, but for now, here's a recipe: 2 aspirin tablets (those that are 300 mg) per liter of water - irrigate and water. This is one of better means against powdery mildew, gray mold, black leg. I myself have not yet tried and understood the mechanism of operation of acetylsalicylic acid as a pesticide and fungicide, but I am already collecting the material. Reviews for aspirin are good.

Lemon juice

Cut off the skin from 5 lemons, pour 0.5 liters of boiling water and leave to infuse for a day. Squeeze the juice from the lemons and add a glass of water, sprinkle fresh juice on plants infected with aphids or other soft-bodied insects. It is undesirable for lemon juice to get into the ground. Water the soil around infected plants with lemon peel infusion; for prevention, repeat once a month.

Why the crusts: lemon juice will acidify the soil, and not all plants like it. The peel contains an active essential oil that aphids cannot tolerate. This applies, in principle, to most citrus essential oils.

Soda + oil

A good natural remedy for fungi. Mix 1 tablespoon of baking soda with 1 tablespoon of vegetable oil, stir in a glass of well warm water. Next, pour the mixture into 1.5 liters of water. Spray every other day until the fungus is gone. There is one drawback - soda greases the soil, so you need to use the product without fanaticism, and pay attention to the recipe with milk.

1. Before treating the plant, try the product on a separate leaf or twig to make sure there is no side effects... Sometimes you can not calculate with the concentration, sometimes a particular plant may not be suitable for one or another ingredient.
2. Apply the mixture to inner side leaves and stems, treat the soil if the agent will not acidify or grease the soil.
3. On processing days, remove pots from direct sunlight.
4. Do not forget that any sprays, whether they are at least 100 times natural, have active ingredients that, if inhaled by a person, can cause serious discomfort (especially with hot peppers in the composition and essential oils) so use protection!

Most of the recipes I've collected find that ladybugs and bees do not suffer from natural pesticides, since the concentration of active substances is significantly lower. This is very important, since by unwittingly exterminating these insects, we can leave our fields without pollination and natural protection from soft-bodied pests ...

Update on July 11, 2017 Modern crop protection products are strictly controlled for toxicity, biodegradability and the effect on pollinating insects.

Fungi are a serious problem, they contribute to the development of various diseases affecting flowers, garden plants, vegetables and berries, soil. In order to protect vegetables and fruits from diseases, as well as prevent re-infection, gardeners use biological fungicides for plants. Below we give a list of such drugs with names and descriptions.

Fungicides are called chemicals... With their help, they fight against pathogens that are causative agents of various fungal diseases in crops. These are powdery mildew, late blight, gray rot, peronosporosis, fusarium and others. If fungicides are used correctly, then they actively kill the fungus without harming the crops.

Depending on their chemical properties fungicides are divided into two types:

The advantages of organic fungicides are that they are non-toxic, they can be combined with various pesticides, but chemical preparations are compatible with very few substances.

Inorganic fungicides

Gardeners and gardeners for the highest effective fight with various pests, they often change drugs and buy new ones. Particularly pay attention to such funds that, in small doses, are able to give maximum effect... But don't experiment like that.

It is better to buy well-known, proven drugs that have already been used and have proven themselves well. It is best to process plants before flowering and after they are harvested.

Organic preparations

There are many different contact formulations on the market. They are prepared differently than inorganic fungicides. In organic preparations, active bacteria serve as the main component, which, during use, are capable of inhibiting pathogens of fungal diseases of crops.

It is preferable to use biological fungicides in the country and in the garden, because they are non-toxic, do not harm humans, plants, bees, animals, fish, moreover, they are highly effective. The preparations can be used during the growing season. Now such preparations are produced that can be used during fruit ripening and harvesting.

List of drugs

Due to their effect, fungicides have different effects on plants; the structure of the cultivated crop and the composition of the fungicide are also taken into account. The most common drugs are:

"Abiga Peak"

It contains copper oxychloride. Local biological preparation in the form of a suspension. It is characterized by the fact that it has a wide spectrum of action. Its purpose is to destroy fungi that form on the vine, on vegetables, technical, fruit, decorative crops and also on medicinal plants and flowers.

Possesses moderate toxicity, if you meet the recommended doses, it is not phytotoxic. Proportions: 40 g / 10 l of water;

"Strobirulin"

Intra-plant fungicide, used for preventive spraying, protects crops from the appearance of fungal diseases. Resistant to heat treatment, spreads well throughout the culture. Proportions: 50g per 8 liters of liquid;

"Acrobat MC" (dimethomorph)

Biological product in granules. Intra-plant local fungicide for the destruction of late blight, dry spot on potatoes. Destroys powdery mildew on grapes and cucumbers. Toxic. It is necessary to spray during growth. Harvesting can be done no earlier than 20 or 30 days after spraying. Proportions: 20 g per 5 liters of water;

"Alirin B"

Reduces toxicity in the soil after plants are treated with chemical fungicides, restores their microflora. Recommended for plants that grow at home and in the garden, can be combined with other biological preparations. proportions: 2 tablets per 10 liters of water;

"Mix Bordeaux" (copper sulfate, calcium hydroxide)

Powdered preparation, actively protects vegetables and fruits, berries and melons, as well as ornamental plants and flowers. Toxic. Proportions: 300 g per 10 l of water;

"Triazol"

Used for the prevention and treatment of plants. Mainly penetrates through leaves. Proportions: 5 g per 8 liters;

"Gamair"

Biological fungicide, powder and in the form of tablets, serves to exterminate fungi that infect crops and soil. It can be used for indoor plants and all varieties fruit trees... Proportions: 2 tablets per 10 liters of water;

"Glyocladin"

A preparation in the form of a suspension and tablets. It is an organic fungicide used to kill fungal pathogens in the soil. Used for the prevention and treatment of plants in the garden and at home. Combines with inorganic fungicides. Proportions: 1 tablet per 300 ml;

"Quadris" (azoxystrobin)

The suspension is fungicidal with a wide range of effects. Serves as a protection for soil, cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, potatoes and grapes from various varieties of fungi, brown spot and powdery mildew. Increases productivity. Phytotoxic, can be combined with other fungicides. Proportions: 200 ml per 7 liters of water;

"Benzimidazole"

An intra-plant preparation that is able to penetrate into the soil and then into the roots of crops. Heals, protects seeds, has a disinfectant effect. Proportions: 100 ml per 6 liters of water;

"Dithiocarbamate"

The drug is local, it is used for prophylaxis against the possibility of the appearance of fungi on the stems and leaves of plants. Proportions: 1 mg per liter;

"Immidazole"

Local action fungicide, used to combat mold and powdery mildew. proportions: 6 mg per 10 l of water;

Copper sulfate (copper sulfate)

Contact drug, powdery, with a wide range of actions. Designed in order to lead the destruction of fungal diseases and various diseases in berry, fruit and ornamental crops and shrubs. Proportions: 100 g per 10 l of water;

"Oxyhom"

Systemically local powdery fungicide with a wide spectrum of action. Perfectly protects tomatoes and potatoes from macrosporiosis and late blight, and cucumbers from powdery mildew. Proportions: 20 g per 10 l of water;

"Raek" (difenoconazole)

An emulsion fungicide, which protects plants for a long time, effectively treats phytophthora, powdery mildew, coccomycosis and leaf curling. Has the ability to quickly penetrate plants. When two hours have passed from the moment of spraying, it is not washed off by the rain. Proportions: 2 ml per 10 l of water;

"Stroby" (kresoximmethyl)

A highly effective preparation, granular, has a wide range of effects, which is aimed at treating diseases of grapes, as well as ornamental, vegetable and fruit crops. Helps with black spot, powdery mildew, scab. Proportions: 4 ml per 8 l of water;

Fundazol

A powdered plant-based fungicide with a protective action against various fungal infections of seeds as well as plant leaves. Promptly removes traces of powdery mildew, gray rot and spotting. Combines with various growth regulators, pesticides and fertilizers. Proportions: 10 g per 0.5 l;

Horus (cyprodinil)

Granular preparation that perfectly protects pears and apple trees from Alternaria and Monilosis. Saves berries and grapes from various rot. Proportions: 2 g per 10 l.

Outcomes

The most highly effective and common means for combating various fungi and crop diseases are fungicides. When choosing a drug, one should take into account that it is as effective as possible. It is important that the product does as little harm to the plants as possible. Therefore, low toxicity fungicides are preferable. Before using fungicides, you must read the instructions and prepare the solution, exactly observing the dosages indicated in them.

In the process of gardening, fungicides are often used. We are talking about special chemicals that are used to combat pathogens that cause the development of fungal diseases, for example, gray mold, powdery mildew, etc.

Depending on the method of action on pathogenic fungi, several types of fungicides are distinguished: contact and systemic action.

Actions of contact fungicides

When using these drugs, their penetration into plants is excluded. They cover the outer part of the plant, in the presence of the reproductive and vegetative organs of the fungus on the surface, they are suppressed. All drugs act for a different period, which is determined by the duration of the solution on the surface of the plant. Best results can be achieved if processing at least 3-5 times at intervals of 10-12 days.

A feature of contact fungicides is the local nature of the effect. They are not used to treat diseased plants; they are designed to suppress pathogens located on the surface or directly in plant tissues. Due to the fact that these fungicides are unable to spread to other parts of the plant, such a treatment before the formation of the fruits excludes their penetration.

Systemic drugs act somewhat differently: as a result of processing, they penetrate into the internal organs of the plant, spread through the tissues, making changes in the physiological and biochemical processes taking place in the organs of plants. Over time they happen decomposition within plants, which ends with the formation of metabolites. In this state, they begin to have a depressing effect on the harmful fungus.

Decomposition products that form inside the plant are believed to be more harmful than the drug itself. To avoid possible complications it is best to carry out processing in vegetable gardens and in private households with the help of chemical preparations of precisely contact action. At the same time, the deadline for their use is the period when one month will remain before harvesting.

Types of fungicides and methods of their application

In gardening stores, fungicides are available at different types: in the shape of powder, suspension, emulsions, well soluble in water.

Depending on the composition, the following types are distinguished fungicidal preparations:

• Inorganic. Within this group, drugs of 1-4 hazard classes for humans and warm-blooded creatures are distinguished;
• Organic. The main component in them are active microorganisms that inhibit pathogenic fungi.

More preferred to use on summer cottages biofungicides, because in addition to their high efficiency, they cause minimal damage to plants.

Chemical fungicides

Often, for effective pest control, gardeners buy new drugs, especially if they provide high efficiency with a small dose of application. However, doing this is wrong. You can only count on good results if you use proven drugs. Within a group of chemical fungicides that proved to be effective when used for protection during the growing season of various horticultural crops, the following can be distinguished:

• Bordeaux liquid;
• copper sulfate;
• abiga-peak, sun;
• oxyhome;
• zineb;
• tiram;
• potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate);
• soda ash using an adhesive (green soap).

Biological fungicides

Per last years there are many contact biological fungicides on the market. In their manufacture, a slightly different approach is used than in the case of chemicals. The main component of biofungicides are active bacteria, the activity of which has a depressing effect on the causative agents of fungal diseases.

It is more preferable to use biofungicides of contact action, since they do not cause or cause minimal harm to humans, warm-blooded animals, fish and bees. Consumers who are going to use biofungicides at home should pay attention to the following types of drugs:

It is possible to carry out treatment with chemical fungicides of contact action only before flowering and after harvest. The advantage of biofungicides is that they can be used throughout the growing season. At the same time, there are also such preparations on sale that can be used at the stage of harvest ripening. It should be borne in mind that contact drugs are effective for prophylaxis. If the drug reaches the causative agent of the disease, then this leads to its death. If the plants are already affected by the disease, then they cannot be saved with the help of these drugs.

Rules for working with contact fungicides

Before using a fungicide, you need to take care of your own safety: for this you need prepare closed clothes, rubber gloves and glasses and a hat. After finishing processing, the clothes are sent to the wash, and hands and face must be thoroughly washed with soap.

It is necessary to carry out the processing of plants with a pre-prepared solution. An exception are situations when the instructions prescribe the use of a fresh composition.

In the process of preparing a solution for processing plants, it is necessary to strictly follow the recommendations specified in the instructions, maintaining the optimal consumption rate, taking into account the phase of plant development.

You can use fungicides in the most favorable conditions for this: in the early morning or in the evening, provided that it is worth dry calm weather.

The sprayer must be in the fine spray mode. A cloud of solution emerging from it should pour onto the plants from below and from above.

It is forbidden to use chemical fungicides for those plants, the green parts of the aboveground mass of which are planned to be consumed. For safety reasons, all crops should be treated prior to flowering and fruit setting.

Do not clean the dishes in which the solution was prepared in water bodies. Disposal of used pesticides should be carried out only in specially designated places.

The place where it is supposed to store fungicides and other drugs with chemical composition must have limited access. Preparations must be placed in a sealed package.

If the investigator of the above rules for the use of fungicides, then you can not only prevent the occurrence of dangerous pests on the site, but also not harm yourself and the environment.

List of fungicides

Because of the high toxicity of most fungicides on offer today, the grower must have a good reason to use them at home. Before using the preparations, it is mandatory to familiarize yourself with the safety rules for the use of toxic substances.

Oxyhom. The drug consisting from copper oxychloride and oxadixyl... Refers to the number of contact systemic fungicides, is used for prophylactic purposes and to suppress diseases of garden and indoor crops plants. Recommended for use in the fight against late blight, macrosporiosis, black bacterial spot, septoria, etc. Non-toxicity makes this drug safe to use.

Preparation of working solution

Plants are processed only with a freshly prepared solution. First, pour one third of the volume of water into the sprayer tank, then start the agitator and pour required amount drug. After the rest is poured necessary water, the solution is well mixed, after which the infected plants are treated with it.

A prerequisite is the purity of the water used to prepare the solution.

The recommended consumption rate is one bag for 2 liters of water. In some cases, it may be necessary to carry out three treatments, but between them it is necessary to withstand a break of 10-14 days. Plants can only be processed with a freshly prepared solution based on the oxychom preparation. It can be used as a component for the preparation of complex mixtures.

Advantages of the drug:

• acts according to the system-contact principle;
• the effect after treatment lasts for two weeks;
• lack of toxicity, provided that the treatment is carried out in compliance with the recommended doses;
• economical consumption when used for prophylactic purposes.

Trichodermin. Included in the group biological products designed to combat fungal and bacterial diseases. The main active ingredient is the spores of the soil fungus Trichoderma lignorum and the crushed grain substrate. The drug effectively fights against more than 60 types of soil pathogens, which are the cause of the development of many known diseases: root and fruit rot, seed infections, macrosporiosis, fusarium, etc.

The positive effect of using the drug is to improve soil fertility, provide plant roots with additional nutrients, increasing seed germination.

Application method:

Conclusion

The problem of protecting plants from diseases is relevant for every gardener. To quickly and without consequences to cope with them, many are used for this chemical preparations. Fungicides are among the most popular that demonstrate high efficiency... However, when choosing them, it is necessary to proceed from the position in order to cause minimal damage to the plant. Therefore, preference should be given to those of them that have the least toxicity. When choosing fungicidal preparations, it is necessary to be guided by their recommendations for use. This will help to avoid unwanted consequences after processing.

In the process of caring for plantings, fungicides have to be used for plants. We are talking about the drugs that are used for the prevention and control of pathogens - the cause of the spread of fungal diseases. Their pathogens are capable of infecting both one culture and a group of plants. In order not to cure the problem, it is better to prevent it and protect the plantings in advance.

The best fungicides for plants

Plant protection specialists are constantly improving the means, creating combined formulations, paying attention to the immunization of crops. Fungicide preparations are designed to protect vegetable, fruit and indoor plants from pathogenic fungi. Timely use of antifungal agents preserves the health of the plantings, increases their decorative effect and productivity, and prevents the occurrence of mycoses.

What is a fungicide?

Substances of biological or chemical origin are used to prevent and eliminate fungal infections of plants. They are effective for protecting seeds and soil during dressing, green areas of plantings when spraying. Plant fungicides are divided into:

1. Contact- act on the surface of stems and leaves.
2. Systemic- substances through the vascular system of plants penetrate into the tissues of fruit and vegetable crops, can act on the seed coat.

Fungicides for plants by origin are:

1. Organic. Antifungal action is based on the activity of certain bacteria, they are for environment harmless, completely decomposed. Such formulations are milder, their effects are weaker, but have few side effects.
2. Inorganic. Preparations were made on the basis of strong chemical compounds; they remain in the soil for a long time. Chemicals are faster and more active, they are often toxic and require caution in their use.

It is important to know the features of the use of fungicides - they can be used in powder form and introduced into the soil during digging. The use of the solution is relevant - it can be spilled with soil to protect against fungus, and the seeds can be etched before planting. In early spring or late autumn plant fungicides are used to irrigate foliage. Prepare the mixture strictly in accordance with the instructions.

Fungicide Skor

This is a highly effective remedy wide range actions with the working substance difenoconazole. Scor is used from, oidium on grapes, scab. The concentrate has shown successfully fungicidal properties on potatoes, tomatoes, fruit trees, gooseberries, currants. The drug is low-toxic to animals and humans. Application of the drug Skor:

1. 3-5 ml of concentrate should be diluted in 10 liters of water, used immediately.
2. It works for 1-2 weeks.
3. If fungal spores have already appeared on the plant, the drug will not work.
4. The speed is suitable for soaking seeds.

Fungicide Falcon

The drug comes to the market in the form of a concentrate in 5-liter canisters. The emulsion is slightly toxic and non-hazardous to the environment. To prepare a working solution for prophylaxis, 5 ml of the drug per 10 l of water is required, if the plantings are already affected - 10 ml per 10 l of water. Falcon is sprayed on crops, it is not washed off by precipitation. The action of the fungicide lasts 2-4 weeks.

Fungicide Strobi

Among fungicides for plants, the drug is considered unique. It effectively fights most fungal and microbial ailments, is used to protect grapes, fruit trees, vegetables, flowers. The use of the drug Strobi and its action:

1. The fungicide is presented in the form of granules that dissolve quickly in water.
2. The tool stops the focus of the disease, prevents spores from developing and stops the growth of mycelium.
3. To prepare the solution, it is necessary to dilute 0.4 g of granules in 1 liter of water.
4. It is necessary to use the emulsion in the first 2 hours after preparation.
5. The drug can be used during flowering.
6. The fungicide tolerates precipitation, works well even with low temperatures, and on wet foliage.
7. It is not recommended to use it for two seasons in a row.

Fungicide Thanos

The drug Thanos is a fungicide with the contact component famoxadone and the active ingredient cymoxanil. It, penetrating into the tissues of the leaves, has a therapeutic effect even after 1-2 days after infection. The drug is produced in the form of water-soluble granules. It protects plants from late blight, Alternaria, and dry rot types, prevents new sporulation on plants, and improves the process of photosynthesis. Fungicide Thanos - action and application

1. It is used to protect potatoes, onions, tomatoes, sunflowers.
2. The solution is prepared in the proportion - 4 g of the drug per 10 l of water.
3. The drug is resistant to washing off, forms a film on the foliage, fungal spores die within 2 minutes.
4. Thanos is especially effective for prophylactic use - plants are treated with it every 10-12 days up to 4 times per season.

Fungicide Horus

Systemic fungicide (active ingredient cyprodinil) is used early in the season to protect against scab, leaf curl, powdery mildew, moniliosis, fruit rot for pome and stone fruit crops. The agent penetrates into plants quickly and begins to act literally after 2 hours, even if it rains. Application of the fungicide Horus:

1. The rate of fungicide when preparing a solution depends on the type of plant and ranges from 3-6 g per 10 liters.
2. The interval between irrigations by Horus is 12-14 days.
3. The last processing is allowed 14-30 days before harvest.
4. At a temperature of + 3-20 ° C, the effectiveness of the product is the highest. If the thermometer is above + 25 ° С, it decreases significantly.

Fungicide Quadris

Systemic fungicide Quadris is a preparation for the protection of ground vegetable crops (cucumbers, tomatoes, potatoes, onions, cabbage), grapes, peas, strawberries from major diseases. With its help, you can cope with powdery mildew, late blight, mildew, powdery mildew, late blight, spotting. The fungicide is endowed with a preventive, curative and eradicating effect. The drug Quadris - action and application:

1. The concentration of the active solution on cultures is 0.2%.
2. It is recommended to carry out 3 sprays with Quadris fungicide per season.
3. The fungicide is non-toxic to the environment, prolongs the fruiting period of the crop and the safety of the crop.

Fungicide Maxim

Maxim is a contact fungicide, with its help you can protect plants from fungal diseases and disinfect the soil. The active ingredient fludioxonil is extracted from bacteria, it heals plants and enhances their immunity, effectively works against fusarium, mold, root rot. Application of the drug Maxim:

1. The fungicide is suitable for the treatment of potatoes, beets, cereals, legumes, bulbous crops, garden and indoor flowers.
2. The working solution is prepared at the rate of 2 ml of the product per 1 liter of water. You need to use it within 24 hours. 50-100 ml of the prepared solution is poured under the plant.
3. Maxim is used to pickle seeds, bulbs, tubers, whole planting material, rhizomes and when laying them for storage.

Fungicide

Effectively fights against fungal ailments of leaves and seeds Fundazol is a broad-spectrum disinfectant and fungicide based on benomyl. Also, the tool is considered an insecticide and destroys most of the known pests - ticks, aphids. Fundazole application:

1. The drug is released in sachets of 10 g, which is dissolved in 10 liters of water.
2. The emulsion is sprayed on the leaves, the seeds and bulbs are etched before planting, the soil is shed.
3. Fundazol is suitable for potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, cabbage, fruit trees, berries, flowers.
4. The drug is toxic, during the season it is allowed to carry out no more than 2 treatments of plants with this agent, fruit trees - up to 5 times.

Fungicide Fitosporin

Biofungicide, harmless to plants, has low toxicity to humans and animals. Contact drug, designed to protect against fungal and bacterial ailments of indoor, greenhouse, garden and garden plants... Application of Fitosporin:

1. The tool is used as a prophylaxis of diseases.
2. Fitosporin acts immediately after use, its properties remain in a wide temperature range.
3. Before use, the working fluid is infused for 1-2 hours.

Fitosporin is used:

1. For spraying and watering flowering, vegetative and fruiting plants, trees, shrubs.
2. For soaking seeds, bulbs and root systems of seedlings.
3. For pouring soil before planting.
4. For processing tubers, bulbs and rhizomes when laying for storage.

Fungicide Switch

The drug of systemic and contact action Switch is an excellent protection of the vineyard, fruit trees, tomatoes, cucumbers and strawberries from fungal diseases. Preventive treatment plant solution reduces the risk of mycoses. Fungicide Switch practically has no shortcomings - it is low-toxic, has resistance to flushing, a wide range of operating temperatures, you can even spray it flowering plants... In the composition - innovative substances cyprodinil (penetrates into the plant) and fludioxanil (on the causative agent of the disease has contact action). Switch Application:

1. The consumption rate of the fungicide is 2 g per 10 liters of water.
2. Plants are treated with a freshly prepared solution.
3. After spraying, the fungicide works after 2 hours.
4. The preparation is used for irrigation of crops and dressing of seeds and soil, its protective effect lasts 20 days.