Effective and safe experiences for children. Home chemistry experiments for children

Children are always trying to learn something new every day and they always have a lot of questions. They can explain some phenomena, and you can clearly show how this or that thing, this or that phenomenon works. In these experiments, children not only learn something new, but also learn how to create different crafts, with which they can play further.

1. Experiments for children: lemon volcano

You will need:

- 2 lemons (for 1 volcano)

- baking soda

- food colors or watercolors

- dishwashing liquid

– wooden stick or a spoon (if desired)

- tray.

1. Cut off the bottom of the lemon so it can be placed on a flat surface.

2. Cut a slice of lemon from the back as shown in the image.

* You can cut off half a lemon and make an open volcano.

3. Take a second lemon, cut it in half, and squeeze the juice out of it into a cup. This will be your backup lemon juice.

4. Place the first lemon (with the cut out) on the tray and spoon the lemon inside with a spoon to squeeze out some juice. It is important that the juice is inside the lemon.

5. Add food coloring or watercolor to the inside of the lemon, but do not stir.

6. Pour dish soap into the lemon.

7. Add a spoonful of baking soda to the lemon. A reaction will begin. You can stir everything inside the lemon with a stick or spoon - the volcano will begin to foam.

8. To make the reaction last longer, you can gradually add more baking soda, dyes, soap and reserve lemon juice.

2. Home experiments for children: electric eels from chewing worms

You will need:

- 2 glasses

- small capacity

- 4-6 chewing worms

- 3 tablespoons of baking soda

- 1/2 spoon of vinegar

- 1 cup of water

- scissors, kitchen or stationery knife.

1. Using scissors or a knife, cut lengthwise (exactly along - it will not be easy, but be patient) of each worm into 4 (or more) parts.

* The smaller the piece, the better.

* If the scissors don't want to cut properly, try washing them with soap and water.

2. Stir water and baking soda in a glass.

3. Add pieces of worms to the water and baking soda solution and stir.

4. Leave the worms in the solution for 10-15 minutes.

5. Use a fork to transfer the worm pieces to a small plate.

6. Pour half a spoonful of vinegar into an empty glass and begin placing the worms in it one by one.

* The experiment can be repeated if the worms are washed plain water... After a few tries, your worms will begin to dissolve, and then you will have to cut a new batch.

3. Experiments and experiments: a rainbow on paper or how light is reflected on a flat surface

You will need:

- a bowl of water

- transparent nail polish

- small pieces of black paper.

1. Add 1 to 2 drops of clear nail polish to a bowl of water. See how the varnish disperses in the water.

2. Quickly (after 10 seconds) dip a piece of black paper into a bowl. Take it out and let it dry on a paper towel.

3. After the paper is dry (this happens quickly), start turning the paper and look at the rainbow that is displayed on it.

* To get a better view of the rainbow on paper, look at it in the sun.

4. Experiments at home: rain cloud in the bank

When small water droplets accumulate in a cloud, they become heavier and heavier. As a result, they will reach such a weight that they can no longer remain in the air and begin to fall to the ground - this is how rain appears.

This phenomenon can be shown to children using simple materials.

You will need:

- shaving foam

- food coloring.

1. Fill the jar with water.

2. Apply shaving foam on top - this will be a cloud.

3. Let the child begin to drip food coloring onto the “cloud” until it “rains” - the drops of the food coloring begin to fall to the bottom of the jar.

Explain this phenomenon to your child during the experiment.

You will need:

– warm water

– sunflower oil

- 4 food colors

1. Fill the jar 3/4 full with warm water.

2. Take a bowl and stir in 3-4 tablespoons of oil and a few drops of food coloring. In this example, 1 drop of each of the 4 dyes was used - red, yellow, blue and green.

3. Stir the dyes and oil with a fork.

4. Pour the mixture gently into a jar of warm water.

5. See what happens - the food coloring will slowly sink through the oil into the water, after which each drop will begin to scatter and mix with the other drops.

* Food coloring is water soluble, but not oil soluble. the density of oil is less than water (that's why it “floats” on water). A drop of dye is heavier than oil, so it will submerge until it reaches the water, where it begins to dissipate and resemble a small fireworks display.

6. Interesting experiences: in a push in which colors merge

You will need:

- paper-cut wheel painted in rainbow colors

- elastic band or thick thread

- cardboard

- glue stick

- scissors

- a skewer or screwdriver (to make holes in the paper wheel).

1. Select and print the two templates you want to use.

2. Take a piece of cardboard and use a glue stick to glue one template to the cardboard.

3. Cut out the glued circle from the cardboard.

4. Glue the second template to the back of the cardboard circle.

5. Use a skewer or screwdriver to make two holes in the circle.

6. Pass the thread through the holes and tie the ends into a knot.

Now you can spin your top and watch the colors merge on the circles.

7. Experiments for children at home: jellyfish in a jar

You will need:

- a small transparent plastic bag

- transparent plastic bottle

- food coloring

- scissors.

1. Place a plastic bag on a flat surface and flatten it.

2. Cut off the bottom and handles of the bag.

3. Cut the bag lengthwise to the right and left to create two sheets of polyethylene. You will need one sheet.

4. Find the center polyethylene sheet and fold it like a ball to make a jellyfish head. Tie a thread around the jellyfish's “neck”, but not too tight - you need to leave a small hole in order to pour water through it into the jellyfish's head.

5. There is a head, now let's move on to the tentacles. Make cuts in the sheet from bottom to top. You need approximately 8-10 tentacles.

6. Cut each tentacle into 3-4 smaller pieces.

7. Pour some water into the jellyfish's head, leaving room for air to float in the bottle.

8. Fill a bottle with water and put your jellyfish in it.

9. Add a few drops of blue or green food coloring.

* Close the lid tightly to prevent water spilling out.

* Have the children turn the bottle over and watch the jellyfish swim in it.

8. Chemical experiments: magic crystals in a glass

You will need:

- glass beaker or bowl

- plastic bowl

- 1 cup Epsom Salt (magnesium sulfate) - used in bath salts

- 1 cup of hot water

- food coloring.

1. Pour Epsom salt into a bowl and add hot water. You can add a few drops of food coloring to the bowl.

2. Stir the contents of the bowl for 1 to 2 minutes. Most of the salt granules should dissolve.

3. Pour the solution into a glass or glass and place it in the freezer for 10-15 minutes. Don't worry, the solution isn't hot enough to crack the glass.

August 2nd, 2015

1. Experiments for children: lemon volcano

You will need:

2 lemons (for 1 volcano)

Baking soda

Food colors or watercolors

Dishwashing liquid

Wooden stick or spoon (optional)

1. Cut off the bottom of the lemon so it can be placed on a flat surface.

2. Cut a slice of lemon from the back as shown in the image.

* You can cut off half a lemon and make an open volcano.

3. Take a second lemon, cut it in half, and squeeze the juice out of it into a cup. This will be your backup lemon juice.

4. Place the first lemon (with the cut out) on the tray and spoon the lemon inside to squeeze out some juice. It is important that the juice is inside the lemon.

5. Add food coloring or watercolor to the inside of the lemon, but do not stir.

6. Pour dish soap into the lemon.

7. Add a spoonful of baking soda to the lemon. A reaction will begin. You can stir everything inside the lemon with a stick or spoon - the volcano will begin to foam.

8. To make the reaction last longer, you can gradually add more baking soda, dyes, soap and reserve lemon juice.

2. Home experiments for children: electric eels from chewing worms

You will need:

2 glasses

Small capacity

4-6 chewing worms

3 tablespoons of baking soda

1/2 spoon of vinegar

1 cup of water

Scissors, kitchen or stationery knife.

1. Using scissors or a knife, cut lengthwise (exactly along - it will not be easy, but be patient) of each worm into 4 (or more) parts.

* The smaller the piece, the better.

* If the scissors don't want to cut properly, try washing them with soap and water.

2. Stir water and baking soda in a glass.

3. Add pieces of worms to the water and baking soda solution and stir.

4. Leave the worms in the solution for 10-15 minutes.

5. Use a fork to transfer the worm pieces to a small plate.

6. Pour half a spoonful of vinegar into an empty glass and begin placing the worms in it one by one.

* The experiment can be repeated if the worms are washed with plain water. After a few tries, your worms will begin to dissolve, and then you will have to cut a new batch.

3. Experiments and experiments: a rainbow on paper or how light is reflected on a flat surface

You will need:

A bowl of water

Clear nail polish

Small pieces of black paper.

1. Add 1 to 2 drops of clear nail polish to a bowl of water. See how the varnish disperses in the water.

2. Quickly (after 10 seconds) dip a piece of black paper into a bowl. Take it out and let it dry on a paper towel.

3. After the paper is dry (this happens quickly), start turning the paper and look at the rainbow that is displayed on it.

* To get a better view of the rainbow on paper, look at it in the sun.

4. Experiments at home: rain cloud in the bank

This phenomenon can be shown to children using simple materials.

You will need:

Shaving foam

Food coloring.

1. Fill the jar with water.

2. Apply shaving foam on top - this will be a cloud.

3. Let the child begin to drip food coloring onto the "cloud" until it "rains" - the drops of color begin to fall to the bottom of the jar.

Explain this phenomenon to your child during the experiment.

You will need:

Warm water

Sunflower oil

4 food colors

1. Fill the jar 3/4 full with warm water.

2. Take a bowl and stir in 3-4 tablespoons of oil and a few drops of food coloring. In this example, 1 drop of each of the 4 dyes was used - red, yellow, blue and green.

3. Stir the dyes and oil with a fork.

4. Pour the mixture gently into a jar of warm water.

5. See what happens - the food coloring will slowly sink through the oil into the water, after which each drop will begin to scatter and mix with the other drops.

* Food coloring is water soluble, but not oil soluble. the density of oil is less than water (that's why it "floats" on water). A drop of dye is heavier than oil, so it will submerge until it reaches the water, where it begins to dissipate and resemble a small fireworks display.

6. Interesting experiences: ina push in which colors merge

You will need:

- wheel printout (or you can cut your wheel and paint all the colors of the rainbow on it)

Elastic band or thick thread

Glue stick

Scissors

A skewer or screwdriver (to make holes in the paper wheel).

1. Select and print the two templates you want to use.

2. Take a piece of cardboard and use a glue stick to glue one template to the cardboard.

3. Cut out the glued circle from the cardboard.

4. Glue the second template to the back of the cardboard circle.

5. Use a skewer or screwdriver to make two holes in the circle.

6. Pass the thread through the holes and tie the ends into a knot.

Now you can spin your top and watch the colors merge on the circles.

7. Experiments for children at home: jellyfish in a jar

You will need:

Small transparent plastic bag

Clear plastic bottle

Food coloring

Scissors.

1. Place a plastic bag on a flat surface and flatten it.

2. Cut off the bottom and handles of the bag.

3. Cut the bag lengthwise to the right and left to create two sheets of polyethylene. You will need one sheet.

4. Find the center of the plastic sheet and fold it like a ball to make a jellyfish head. Tie a thread around the jellyfish's neck, but not too tight - you need to leave a small hole to pour water into the jellyfish's head through.

5. There is a head, now let's move on to the tentacles. Make cuts in the sheet from bottom to top. You need approximately 8-10 tentacles.

6. Cut each tentacle into 3-4 smaller pieces.

7. Pour some water into the jellyfish's head, leaving room for air to float in the bottle.

8. Fill a bottle with water and put your jellyfish in it.

9. Add a few drops of blue or green food coloring.

* Close the lid tightly to prevent water spilling out.

* Have the children turn the bottle over and watch the jellyfish swim in it.

8. Chemical experiments: magic crystals in a glass

You will need:

Glass tumbler or bowl

Plastic bowl

1 cup Epsom Salt (magnesium sulfate) - used in bath salts

1 cup hot water

Food coloring.

1. Pour Epsom salt into a bowl and add hot water. You can add a few drops of food coloring to the bowl.

2. Stir the contents of the bowl for 1 to 2 minutes. Most of the salt granules should dissolve.

3. Pour the solution into a glass or glass and place it in the freezer for 10-15 minutes. Don't worry, the solution isn't hot enough to crack the glass.

4. After freezing, transfer the solution to the main compartment of the refrigerator, preferably to the top shelf, and let it sit overnight.

The growth of crystals will be noticeable only after a few hours, but it is better to wait out the night.

This is what the crystals look like the next day. Remember that crystals are very fragile. If touched, they will most likely break or crumble immediately.

Who said physics and chemistry only start in high school? Even very young children are able to appreciate the beauty of these sciences. If your young chemist or physicist does not know how to speak yet, he can participate in exciting experiments. And then - more: every year the experiments become more exciting and more difficult, so you can start at any age. But before you open your home laboratory, it is worth remembering a few simple rules: there should always be order in the laboratory before, during and after the experiment; be careful when handling reagents, flammable liquids and sharp-edged objects; all experiments should be carried out in the presence of adults, in a ventilated room and strictly according to the instructions. Nowadays there are quite a lot of textbooks on homegrown physics and chemistry on sale, but in practice experiments from such publications either do not work out, or require serious reagents. We have selected scientific experiments that are safe, accessible to children by age, and do not require any special purchases of reagents from adults.

2 years. Living Spiral

What you need: paper, scissors, heat source.

This experience always surprises kids, but to make it more interesting for two-year-olds, you can combine it with creativity. You need to cut a spiral out of paper, paint it with the child so that it looks like a snake, and then proceed to "revitalize" the paper snake. This is done very simply: you need to place a heat source below, it can be a burning candle, an electric stove (or hob), iron upside down, incandescent lamp, preheated dry frying pan. Place a spiral snake over the heat source on a string or wire. In a few seconds it will "come to life": it will start to rotate under the influence of warm air.

3 years. Rain in the bank

What you need: a three-liter jar, hot water, a plate, ice.

With the help of this experience, one can easily explain to a three-year-old "scientist" the simplest natural phenomena. You need to pour into the jar about 1/3 hot water, better hot. Put a plate of ice on the neck of the jar. And then - everything is like in nature - the water evaporates, rises up in the form of steam, above the water cools and a cloud is formed, from which there is a real rain. In a three-liter jar, it will rain for one and a half to two minutes, then the water will cool down. And be careful with hot water!

4 years. Balls and rings

What you need: alcohol, water, vegetable oil, syringe.

Four-year-old children are already thinking about how everything works in nature. You can show them a beautiful and fascinating experiment about weightlessness. On preparatory stage you need to mix alcohol with water, you should not involve a child in this, it is enough to explain that this liquid is similar in weight to oil. After all, it is the oil that will be poured into the prepared mixture. You can take any vegetable oil, but pour it in very carefully from a syringe. As a result, the oil appears to be in zero gravity and takes on its natural shape - the shape of a ball. The child will be surprised to observe a round transparent ball in the water. With a four-year-old baby, you can already talk about the force of gravity, which makes liquids spill and spread, and about weightlessness, because it is in the form of balls that all liquids in space look. As a bonus, you can show the child another trick: if you stick a rod into the ball and rotate it quickly, you can watch the oil ring separate from the ball.

5 years. Invisible ink

What you need: milk or lemon juice. Brush or feather. Hot iron.

At the age of five, your little one probably already owns a brush. Even if he still cannot write the secret letter on his own, he can draw it. Then the message will also be encrypted. Modern children have not read at school the story about Lenin and the inkwell with milk, but observing the properties of milk and lemon juice will be no less interesting for them than for their parents in childhood. The experience is very simple. You need to dip the brush in milk or lemon juice (and it is better to use both liquids, then the quality of the "ink" can be compared) and write something on a piece of paper. Then the letters need to be dried to make the paper look clean, and then just heat the sheet. You can use a candle, but then the experience becomes a fire hazard, and the secret message can overheat and burn. Therefore, it is most convenient to develop the notes with an iron. You can also use onion or apple juice as ink.

6 years. Rainbow in a glass

What you need: sugar, food coloring, a few clear glasses.

The experience may seem too simple for a six-year-old, but in reality it is worth the painstaking work for a patient "scientist." This experience is good because a young scientist can do most of the manipulations himself. Three tablespoons of water and dyes are poured into four glasses: in different glasses - different colors... Then add a spoonful of sugar to the first glass, two tablespoons to the second, three to the third, and four to the fourth. The fifth glass remains empty. In glasses, put in order, pour 3 tablespoons of water and mix thoroughly. Then a few drops of one paint are added to each glass and mixed. In the fifth glass remains pure water without sugar and dye. Carefully, along the blade of a knife, you need to pour the contents of the "colored" glasses into a glass of clean water as the "sweetness" increases, that is, scientifically, the saturation of the solution. And if you did everything right, then there will be a small sweet rainbow in the glass. If you want scientific conversations, you can tell your child about the difference in density of liquids, due to which the layers do not mix.

7 years. Egg in a bottle

What do you need: egg, bottle from under pomegranate juice, hot water or paper with matches.

The experience is practically safe and very simple, but quite effective. A child will be able to spend most of it himself, an adult should only help with hot water or fire.

The first step is to boil the egg and peel it. And then there are two options for experience. You can pour into a bottle of hot water, put an egg on top, then put the bottle in cold water(into ice) or just wait until the water cools down. The second way is to throw burning paper into the bottle and put an egg on top. The result will not be long in coming: as soon as the air or water inside the bottle cools down, it begins to shrink, and before our novice "physicist" has time to blink, the egg will be inside the bottle.

Be careful not to trust your child to pour hot water or handle the fire.

8 years. "Pharaoh's snake"

What you need: calcium gluconate, dry fuel, matches or a lighter.

There are many ways to get "Pharaoh's serpents". But we will talk about what an eight-year-old child can do (naturally, in the presence and under the supervision of an adult). The smallest and safest, but quite effective "snakes" are obtained from ordinary tablets of calcium gluconate, they are sold in a pharmacy. In order for them to turn into snakes, you just need to set fire to the pills. The simplest and safe way to do this, place a few mugs of calcium gluconate on a "dry fuel" tablet that is sold in tourist stores. When burning, the tablets will begin to grow sharply and move, like living reptiles, due to the release of carbon dioxide, so from the point of view of science, the experience is explained quite simply.

By the way, if the "snakes" from gluconate seemed not very scary to you, you can try to repeat the experiment using sugar and soda. In this version of the experiment, a slide of sifted river sand it is soaked in alcohol, and sugar and soda are placed in a depression at its top, then the sand must be set on fire.

It will not be superfluous to recall that all manipulations with fire should be carried out away from flammable objects, strictly under the supervision of an adult and very carefully.

9 years. Non-newtonian fluid

What you need: starch, water.

This is an amazing experiment, which is very easy to do, especially if the experimenter is already 9. Research is serious. The purpose of the experiment is to obtain and study a non-Newtonian fluid. This is a substance that, under mild action, behaves like a liquid, and under strong action, it exhibits the properties of a solid. In nature, quicksand behaves in a similar way. And at home - a mixture of water and starch. In a bowl, you just need to combine water with corn or potato starch in a 1: 2 ratio and mix well. You will see the mixture resist when stirring quickly, and stirring gently. Try throwing a ball into a bowl with the mixture, lowering the toy into it, and then trying to pull it out sharply, put the mixture in your hands and let it calmly drain back into the bowl. You yourself can come up with a lot of games with this amazing lineup. And this is a great reason to figure out, together with the child, how molecules in different substances are related to each other.

10 years. Water desalination

What you need: salt, water, polyethylene film, a glass, pebbles, a basin.

This experience is best for those who love travel and adventure books and films. Indeed, on a journey, a situation may well arise when the hero finds himself in the open sea without drinking water. If the traveler is already 10, and he learns to do this experience, he will not be lost. For the experiment, you must first prepare salt water, that is, simply pour water into a deep basin and salt it "by eye" (the salt must completely dissolve). Now we need to put a glass in our "sea" so that the edges of the glass are slightly above the surface of the salt water, but lower than the edges of the basin, and put a clean pebble or glass ball in the glass, which will prevent the glass from floating. Now you need to cover the basin with cling film or greenhouse wrap and tie its edges around the pelvis. It is not necessary to pull it too tightly so that it is possible to make a depression (this depression is also fixed with a stone or a glass ball). It should be right above the glass. Now it remains to put the basin in the sun. The water evaporates, settles on the film and flows down the slope into the glass - this will be normal drinking water, all the salt will remain in the basin. The beauty of this experience is that the child can do it on their own.

11 years. Litmus cabbage

What you need: red cabbage, filter paper, vinegar, lemon, soda, coca-cola, ammonia etc.

Your child has not yet begun to study chemistry in school, but this experience will give him the opportunity to become familiar with real chemical terms. Any parent remembers from a chemistry course such a thing as a litmus test, and will be able to explain to a child that this is an indicator - a substance that reacts differently to the level of acidity in other substances. After that, the child can easily make such indicator papers at home and, of course, test them by checking the acidity in different household liquids.

The easiest way to make an indicator is from regular red cabbage. To do this, you need to grate the cabbage and squeeze out the juice, and then saturate it with filter paper (you can buy it at a pharmacy or in a winemaker's store). The cabbage indicator is ready. Now cut the pieces of paper into smaller pieces and place them in different liquids that you can find at home. It only remains to remember which color corresponds to which level of acidity. So, in an acidic environment the paper will turn red, in a neutral environment it will turn green, and in an alkaline environment it will turn blue or purple. As a bonus, try cooking "alien" scrambled eggs by adding red cabbage juice to the egg white before frying. At the same time, you will find out what the level of acidity is in a chicken egg.

Anastasia Makarova, journalist, author of children's fairy tales and poems. Founder and Leader

If you're wondering how to celebrate a child's birthday, you might like the idea of putting on a kids science show. Recently, scientific holidays have become more and more popular. Almost all children enjoy entertaining experiences and experiments. For them, this is something magical and incomprehensible, which means it is interesting. The cost of conducting a science show is quite high. But this is not a reason to deny yourself the pleasure of watching amazed children's faces. After all, you can get by on their own, I do not resort to the help of animators and holiday agencies.

In this article, I have made a selection of simple chemical and physical experiments and experiments that can be carried out without problems at home. Everything you need to hold them will probably be in your kitchen or first aid kit. No special skills are required from you either. All you need is desire and good mood.

I tried to collect simple but spectacular experiences that will be of interest to children. of different ages... I prepared a scientific explanation for each experiment (it was not in vain that I studied to be a chemist!). It is up to you to explain to the children the essence of what is happening or not. It all depends on their age and level of training. If the children are young, you can skip the explanation and go straight to the spectacular experience, saying only that they will be able to learn the secrets of such "miracles" when they grow up, go to school and begin to study chemistry and physics. Perhaps this will spark their interest in studying in the future.

Although I have chosen the safest experiments, they still need to be taken very seriously. All manipulations are best performed with gloves and a dressing gown, at a safe distance from children. After all, the same vinegar and potassium permanganate can cause trouble.

And, of course, when holding a children's science show, you need to take care of the image of a mad scientist. Your artistry and charisma will largely determine the success of the event. Transform from an ordinary person being a funny scientific genius is not at all difficult - all you need to do is ruffle your hair, put on big glasses and a white coat, smear yourself with soot and make an expression corresponding to your new status. This is what a typical mad scientist looks like.

Before you put on a science show at children's party(by the way, it can be not only a birthday, but also any other holiday), all the experiments should be done in the absence of children. Rehearse that there were no unpleasant surprises later. You never know what can go wrong.

Children's experiments can be carried out without a festive occasion - just so that it is interesting and useful to spend time with the child.

Choose the experiences you like the most and create a script for the holiday. In order not to overload children with science, albeit entertaining, dilute the event with fun games.

Part 1. Chemical show

Attention! When conducting chemical experiments, you should be extremely careful.

Foam fountain

Almost all children love foam - the more, the better. Even kids know how to make it: for this you need to pour shampoo into the water and shake it well. But can the foam form on its own without shaking and also be colored?

Ask the children what they think foam is. What it consists of and how you can get it. Let them express their assumptions.

Then explain that foam is a gas-filled bubble. This means that for its formation, you need some kind of substance from which the walls of the bubbles will consist, and a gas that will fill them. For example, soap and air. When soap is added to water and stirred, air enters these bubbles from environment... But gas can be obtained in another way - in the process chemical reaction.

Option 1

hydroperite tablets;
potassium permanganate;
liquid soap;
water;
a glass vessel with a narrow neck (preferably beautiful);
a glass;
hammer;
tray.

Experience setting

Using a hammer, crush the hydroperite tablets into a powder and pour it into a flask.
Place the flask on the tray.
Add liquid soap and water.
Cook in a glass water solution potassium permanganate and pour it into a flask with hydroperide.

After the merger of solutions of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) and hydroperide (hydrogen peroxide), a reaction will begin between them, accompanied by the release of oxygen.

4KMnO 4 + 4H 2 O 2 = 4MnO 2 ¯ + 5O 2 + 2H 2 O + 4KOH

Under the influence of oxygen, the soap present in the flask will begin to foam and lick out of the flask, forming a kind of fountain. Due to potassium permanganate, some of the foam will turn pink.

You can watch how this happens in the video.

Important: the glass container should have a narrow neck. Do not take the resulting foam in your hands and do not give it to children.

Option 2

Another gas, such as carbon dioxide, is also suitable for the formation of foam. You can paint the foam any color you like.

To carry out the experiment you will need:

plastic bottle;
soda;
vinegar;
food coloring;
liquid soap.

Experience setting

Pour vinegar into bottle.
Add liquid soap and food coloring.
Sprinkle in baking soda.

Result and scientific explanation

When soda and vinegar interact, a violent chemical reaction occurs, accompanied by the release of carbon dioxide CO 2.

Under its action, the soap will begin to foam and lick out of the bottle. The dye will color the foam in the color of your choice.

Cheerful ball

What's a birthday without balloons? Show the children the balloon and ask how to inflate it. The guys, of course, will answer that with their mouths. Explain that the carbon dioxide we breathe out inflates the balloon. But you can inflate a balloon with them in another way.

To carry out the experiment you will need:

soda;
vinegar;
bottle;
balloon.

Experience setting

Place a teaspoon of baking soda inside the balloon.
Pour vinegar into bottle.
Place the ball on the neck of the bottle and pour the baking soda into the bottle.

Result and scientific explanation

As soon as the soda and vinegar come into contact, a violent chemical reaction begins, accompanied by the release of carbon dioxide CO 2. The balloon will begin to inflate before our eyes.

CH 3 -COOH + Na + - → CH 3 -COO - Na + + H 2 O + CO 2

If you take a smiley balloon, it will make an even greater impression on the guys. At the end of the experiment, tie a ball and hand it to the birthday boy.

Watch the video for a demonstration of the experience.

Chameleon

Can liquids change their color? If so, why and how? Be sure to ask the children these questions before attempting the experiment. Let them think. They will remember how the water is colored when you rinse a brush with paint in it. Is it possible to discolor the solution?

To carry out the experiment you will need:

starch;
alcohol burner;
test tube;
Cup;
water.

Experience setting

Pour a pinch of starch into a test tube and add water.
Drop in iodine. The solution will color in blue color.
Light the burner.
Heat the tube until the solution becomes discolored.
Pour cold water into a glass and immerse the test tube there to cool the solution and turn blue again.

Result and scientific explanation

When interacting with iodine, the starch solution turns blue, since this forms a dark blue compound I 2 * (C 6 H 10 O 5) n. However, this substance is unstable and, when heated, decomposes again into iodine and starch. When cooled, the reaction goes in the other direction and we again see how the solution turns blue. This reaction demonstrates the reversibility of chemical processes and their dependence on temperature.

I 2 + (C 6 H 10 O 5) n => I 2 * (C 6 H 10 O 5) n

(iodine - yellow) (starch - transparent) (dark blue)

Rubber egg

All children know that eggshell very fragile and can break from the slightest blow. It would be nice if the eggs weren't beating! Then you wouldn't have to worry about bringing the eggs home when your mom sends you to the store.

To carry out the experiment you will need:

vinegar;
raw chicken egg;
Cup.

Experience setting

To surprise the kids, you need to prepare for this experience in advance. 3 days before the holiday, pour vinegar into a glass and place a raw chicken egg in it. Leave for three days so that the shell has time to completely dissolve.
Show the children a glass with an egg and invite everyone to cast a magic spell together: “Tryn-dyryn, boom-brown! Egg, become rubber! ".
Take out the egg with a spoon, wipe it with a napkin and demonstrate how it can now deform.

Result and scientific explanation

Eggshell is composed of calcium carbonate, which dissolves when it reacts with vinegar.

CaCO 3 + 2 CH 3 COOH = Ca (CH 3 COO) 2 + H 2 O + CO 2

Due to the presence of a film between the shell and the contents of the egg, it retains its shape. What an egg looks like after vinegar, see the video.

Secret letter

Children love everything mysterious, and therefore this experiment will surely seem like real magic to them.

Take an ordinary ballpoint pen and write on a piece of paper a secret message from aliens or draw some kind of secret sign that no one except the guys present can know about.

When the children read what is written there, tell them that it is a big secret and the inscription must be destroyed. And magic water will help you to erase the inscription. If you process the inscription with a solution of potassium permanganate and vinegar, then with hydrogen peroxide, the ink will wash off.

To carry out the experiment you will need:

potassium permanganate;
vinegar;
hydrogen peroxide;
flask;
cotton buds;
ball pen;
paper;
water;
paper towels or napkins;
iron.

Experience setting

Draw a drawing or lettering on a piece of paper with a ballpoint pen.
Pour some potassium permanganate into a test tube and add vinegar.
Soak a cotton swab in this solution and swipe over the label.
Take another cotton swab, moisten it with water and rinse off the resulting stains.
Blot with a napkin.
Apply hydrogen peroxide to the lettering and blot again with a napkin.
Iron or press.

Result and scientific explanation

After all the manipulations, you will receive a blank sheet of paper, which will greatly surprise the children.

Potassium permanganate is a very strong oxidizing agent, especially if the reaction takes place in an acidic environment:

МnO 4 ˉ + 8 Н + + 5 еˉ = Мn 2+ + 4 Н 2 O

A strong acidified solution of potassium permanganate literally burns out many organic compounds by converting them into carbon dioxide and water. Acetic acid is used to create an acidic environment in our experiment.

The product of the reduction of potassium permanganate is manganese dioxide MnO2, which has a brown color and precipitates. To remove it, we use hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2, which reduces the insoluble compound MnO 2 to a readily soluble manganese (II) salt.

MnO 2 + H 2 O 2 + 2 H + = O 2 + Mn 2+ + 2 H 2 O.

I suggest you watch how the ink disappears in the video.

The power of thought

Before experimenting, ask the children how to extinguish a candle flame. They, of course, will tell you that the candle should be blown out. Ask if they believe that you can extinguish the fire with an empty glass by casting a magic spell?

To carry out the experiment you will need:

vinegar;
soda;
glasses;
candles;
matches.

Experience setting

Pour baking soda into a glass and top it with vinegar.
Light some candles.
Bring a glass of baking soda and vinegar to another glass, tilting it slightly so that the carbon dioxide produced during the chemical reaction flows into an empty glass.
Carry a glass of gas over the candles, as if pouring a flame on it. At the same time, make a mysterious expression on your face and say some incomprehensible incantation, for example: “Chickens-boers, mura-pli! Flame, don't burn anymore! " Children should think that this is magic. You will reveal the secret after delight.

Result and scientific explanation

When soda and vinegar interact, carbon dioxide is released, which, unlike oxygen, does not support combustion:

CH 3 -COOH + Na + - → CH 3 -COO - Na + + H 2 O + CO 2

CO 2 is heavier than air, and therefore does not fly up, but settles down. Thanks to this property, we are able to collect it in an empty glass, and then "pour" it onto the candles, thereby extinguishing their flame.

How this happens, look at the video.

Part 2. Entertaining physical experiments

Jin Strongman

This experiment will allow children to look at the action they are used to from a different angle. Place an empty wine bottle in front of the children (it is better to remove the label first) and push the cork into it. And then turn the bottle upside down and try to shake the cork out. You, of course, will fail. Ask the children a question, is it possible to somehow get the cork without breaking the bottle? Let them say what they think about this.

Since nothing can be picked up through the neck of the cork, it means that one thing remains - to try to push it out from the inside out. How to do it? You can call the genie for help!

The gin in this experiment will be a large plastic bag. To heighten the effect, the package can be painted with colored markers - draw eyes, nose, mouth, pens, some patterns.

So, for the experiment you will need:

empty wine bottle;
Cork;
plastic bag.

Experience setting

Roll the bag up and put it in the bottle so that the handles are on the outside.
Turning the bottle over, make sure that the cork is on the side of the bag closer to the neck.
Inflate the package.
Gently start pulling the bag out of the bottle. Together with it, the cork will come out.

Result and scientific explanation

As it inflates, the bag expands inside the bottle, expelling air from it. When we begin to pull out the bag, a vacuum is created inside the bottle, due to which the walls of the bag wrap around the cork and drag it out with them. Here is such a strong gin!

To see how this happens, watch the video.

Wrong glass

On the eve of the experiment, ask the children what happens if you turn a glass of water upside down. They will answer that the water will pour out. Tell them to do this only with the "correct" glasses. And you have a "wrong" glass from which water is not poured out.

To carry out the experiment you will need:

glasses of water;
paints (you can do without them, but this makes the experience more spectacular; it is better to use acrylic paints- they give richer colors);
paper.

Experience setting

Pour into glasses of water.
Add color to it.
Moisten the edges of the glasses with water and place on top of them on a piece of paper.
Press the paper firmly against the glass, holding it with your hand, and turn the glasses upside down.
Wait a while until the paper adheres to the glass.
Take your hand slowly.

Result and scientific explanation

Surely all children know that we are surrounded by air. Although we don't see him, he, like everyone else around, carries weight. We feel the touch of air, for example, when the wind blows on us. There is a lot of air, and therefore it presses on the ground and everything that is around. This is called atmospheric pressure.

When we apply paper to a wet glass, it sticks to its walls due to surface tension.

In an inverted glass between its bottom (now at the top) and the surface of the water, a space is formed, filled with air and water vapor. The water is subject to gravity, which pulls it down. In this case, the space between the bottom of the glass and the surface of the water increases. Under constant temperature conditions, the pressure in it decreases and becomes less than atmospheric. The total air and water pressure on the inside of the paper is slightly less than the air pressure outside. Therefore, water is not poured out of the glass. However, after a while, the glass will lose its magical properties, and the water will still pour out. This is due to the evaporation of water, which increases the pressure inside the glass. When it becomes more atmospheric, the paper will fall off and the water will pour out. But you can not bring it up to this point. It will be more interesting this way.

You can watch the progress of the experiment in the video.

Gluttonous bottle

Ask the children if they like to eat. Do they like to eat glass bottles? No? Don't eat bottles? And here they are not right. They don’t eat these ordinary bottles, and magic bottles are not even averse to a snack.

To carry out the experiment you will need:

boiled chicken egg;
bottle (to heighten the effect, the bottle can be painted or somehow embellished, but so that the children can see what is happening inside it);
matches;
paper.

Experience setting

Peel the boiled egg. Who is the eggs in the shell?
Light a piece of paper on fire.
Throw burning paper into the bottle.
Place the egg on the neck of the bottle.

Result and scientific explanation

When we throw burning paper into a bottle, the air in it heats up and expands. By closing the neck with an egg, we prevent the flow of air, as a result of which the fire goes out. The air in the bottle cools and contracts. A pressure difference is created inside the bottle and outside, due to which the egg is sucked into the bottle.

That's all for now. However, over time, I plan to add a few more experiments to the article. At home, you can, for example, conduct experiments with balloons... Therefore, if you are interested in this topic, add the site to your bookmarks or subscribe to the newsletter. When I add something new, I will inform you about it by e-mail. It took me a long time to prepare this article, so please be respectful of my work and when copying materials, be sure to put an active hyperlink to this page.

If you have ever conducted home experiments for children and staged a science show, write about your impressions in the comments, attach a photo. It will be interesting!

Olga Guzhova

Experiments for children preparatory group in kindergarten

V preparatory group conducting experiments should become a norm of life, they should be considered not as entertainment, but as a way of acquaintance children with the outside world and most effective way development of thought processes. Experiments allow us to combine all types of activities and all aspects of education, develop observation and inquisitiveness of the mind, develop the desire to understand the world, all cognitive abilities, the ability to invent, use non-standard solutions in difficult situations, and create a creative personality.

A few important tips:

1. Conduct experiments are better in the morning when the child is full of strength and energy;

2. It is important for us not only to teach, but also interest the child, make him want to acquire knowledge and make new ones himself experiences.

3. Explain to your child that you cannot taste unknown substances, no matter how beautiful and appetizing they look;

4. Don't just show your child interesting experience, but also explain in a language understandable to him why this is happening;

5. Do not disregard the child's questions - look for answers to them in books, reference books, The Internet;

6. Where there is no danger, give the child more independence;

7. Invite your child to show the ones they like best. experiences to friends;

8. And most importantly: Rejoice in your child's success, praise him and encourage him to learn. Only positive emotions can instill a love for new knowledge.

Experience number 1. "Disappearing crayon"

For the spectacular experience we need a small piece of chalk. Dip the chalk into a glass of vinegar and watch what happens. The chalk in the glass will fizzle, bubble, shrink and soon disappear altogether.

Chalk is limestone, when in contact with acetic acid, it turns into other substances, one of which is carbon dioxide, which is rapidly released in the form of bubbles.

Experience number 2. "Erupting Volcano"

Required inventory:

Volcano:

To mold a cone from plasticine (you can take previously used plasticine)

Soda, 2 tbsp. spoons

Lava:

1. Vinegar 1/3 cup

2. Red paint, drop

3. A drop of liquid detergent to make the volcano foam better;

Experience number 3. "Lava - lamp"

Needed: Salt, water, a glass of vegetable oil, a few food colors, a large transparent glass.

An experience: Fill a glass 2/3 with water, pour vegetable oil into the water. The oil will float to the surface. Add food coloring to water and oil. Then slowly add 1 teaspoon of salt.

Explanation: Oil is lighter than water, so it floats on the surface, but salt is heavier than oil, so when you add salt to a glass, the oil begins to sink to the bottom along with the salt. When the salt breaks down, it releases the oil particles and they rise to the surface. Food coloring will help make an experience more visual and spectacular.

Experience number 4. "Rain clouds"

Kids will love this simple fun explaining how it rains. (schematically, of course): First, water accumulates in the clouds and then spills onto the ground. This " an experience"can be taught both in the natural history lesson and in the kindergarten in senior group and at home with children of all ages - it enchants everyone, and children ask to repeat it over and over again. So, stock up on shaving foam.

Pour about 2/3 of the water into the jar. Squeeze the foam right over the water to make it look like a cumulus cloud. Now use a pipette to drip onto the foam (or rather, entrust it to a child) colored water. And now it remains only to observe how the colored water will pass through the cloud and continue its journey to the bottom of the can.

Experience number 5. "Red-headed chemistry"

Put finely chopped cabbage in a glass and pour boiling water for 5 minutes. We filter the infusion of cabbage through a rag.

Pour cold water into the other three glasses. Add a little vinegar to one glass, and a little soda in the other. Add cabbage solution to a glass of vinegar - the water turns red, add to a glass of soda - the water turns blue. Add the solution to a glass of clean water - the water remains dark blue.

Experience number 6. "Blow up the balloon"

Pour water into a bottle and dissolve a teaspoon of baking soda in it.

2. In a separate glass, combine lemon juice with vinegar and pour into a bottle.

3. Quickly put the balloon on the neck of the bottle, securing it with electrical tape. The balloon will inflate. Baking soda and lemon juice mixed with vinegar react to release carbon dioxide, which inflates the balloon.

Experience number 7. "Colored milk"

Needed: Whole milk, food coloring, liquid detergent, cotton swabs, plate.

An experience: Pour milk into a bowl, add a few drops of different food colors. Then you need to take a cotton swab, dip it in the detergent and touch the stick to the very center of the plate of milk. The milk will begin to move and the colors will mix.

Explanation: Detergent reacts with fat molecules in milk and sets them in motion. That is why for experience skim milk is not suitable.