Autumn is the time of fogs and drizzling rains, rare Sun rays with regret they give their warmth to the yellowed leaves that have chilled in the wind. It gets colder every day, so look, one morning the first frost will appear on the grass.

But the owners of dachas do not have to succumb to despondency, the autumn time is the time for the completion of all field work and harvesting, active preparation for wintering. Fruitful work in autumn garden often turns out to be the key to a rich harvest next year.

September in the country, work in the country in September

There is a lot of work in the garden and in the beds in September, all of it needs to be done in a short time, sometimes it is difficult even to determine what to do first and what can be left for later. The main goals are harvesting and preparation garden plants for wintering.

garden maintenance

September is the month of harvesting apples, in the first decade it is necessary to collect late summer varieties, in the second - autumn, the third - to devote to harvesting winter varieties.

In early September, late varieties of plums and pears are also harvested. They do this focusing on the ripening time, in most cases they are processed for the winter, but some are left for fresh consumption. Winter pears can also be stored.

You will need to pay attention to the trees - so that the wood on the shoots of young non-fertile plants has time to ripen by the beginning of winter, you will need to pinch the vigorous shoots.

It will be necessary to add organic matter and mineral fertilizers to the soil, it is recommended to loosen the soil itself, cover it with a layer of mulch. It is advisable to perform this work during the period of yellowing of the leaves, i.e. before the roots begin to actively grow. It is advisable to dig the earth with a pitchfork; they should be positioned so as to minimize damage to the roots of the tree. The depth of digging the soil around the trunk of pears and apple trees is about 12 cm, of plums and cherries - 8 cm.

Until the rains begin, holes should be dug for planting trees, autumn and planned for the spring. Planting of seedlings can be carried out in the last decade of September, during the same period you can start planting raspberries and currants.

If a spring planting is planned, then the seedlings should be dug in for the winter.

Spoiled fruits falling from trees should also be removed, burned or deeply buried.

In the event of the appearance of scab lesions, it will be necessary to spray the apple trees with urea before leaf fall, 400 g of urea is taken for a ten-liter bucket of water, 600 grams of urea is bred into the same ten-liter bucket for cultivating the soil under the trees.

Fishing belts are removed from trees, pests that can be detected are destroyed. All branches should be carefully examined, diseased ones should be cut and burned.

The ground under the trees can be mulched with rags or peat, it is advisable to moisten them with pungent-smelling substances - they will scare off rodents.

If August and September are dry - the trees need to be watered abundantly - a dehydrated tree in very coldy can dry out, annual growths suffer most from a lack of moisture.

harvesting vegetables

From the beginning of September, harvesting of late varieties of potatoes begins. The tubers are carefully sorted out, dried well. Cellars and cellars are used for storage.

Carrots are dug up with the onset of the first frost.

If it is removed earlier, then it is advisable to keep it in the refrigerator for a couple of days. The cooling stage is mandatory, it will prevent germination during storage.

When harvesting beets, peel them so that a small amount of their aboveground part remains.

Cauliflower should be harvested by pulling out plants with roots, they are set in a box and lowered into a cellar. In the process of growing, the size of the inflorescences will increase significantly. If the cabbage is left in the garden, it is covered with a layer of non-woven fabric, thereby providing protection from the cold.

plant garlic

At the beginning of September (or within a month, depending on weather conditions), garlic is planted:

• the beds are digging
• make a bucket of humus and ash, in the amount of 1 liter per 1 square meter
• sand - 1/2 bucket, if the soil is clay
• in the evening the garden is watered

For planting garlic, you need holes 12 cm deep, the distance between which should be 15x15 cm.It is advisable to add a tablespoon of sand and ash to each hole, the planted clove should be covered with sand, the soil should be leveled.

The garlic should have time to take root before the onset of frost, preferably so that it does not sprout. But the plant itself is cold-resistant, especially not afraid of frost. For the winter, it is advisable to "insulate" garlic beds with straw, peat, or fallen leaves. You can also spread the branches - for snow retention.

In the same way, you can plant some onions in the fall - at the very beginning of spring it will give green feathers that can be used to make vitamin salads.

Garlic does not like excess moisture, if it floods the garden, you will need to take care of the arrangement drainage system... To do this, you can dig a groove 45-50 cm deep between the beds - the water will leave the beds.

As you can see, a lot of tasks are set, therefore experienced gardeners it is recommended to plan the order of work in advance, this will help avoid rush. Cottage owners should also take time for rest - work should bring healthy fatigue, but not be a burden.

Autumn garden work, October

Since October is the month ending the golden autumn in middle lane, it is on it that the peak of temperature instability falls, during the day it can be almost summer-like warmth, frosts can be noted at night. Those. gardeners will have to systematically track the weather forecast.

Even in one region, the temperature can differ significantly - near large cities it will be higher, in villages located in open spaces, frosts are usually noted earlier. Those. gardening schedules may drift slightly over time.

But it is still recommended to familiarize yourself and take into account the traditional list of works - in order not to forget or miss anything, choose the optimal time to perform this or that work.

preparing flowers for wintering

In the garden, continue planting bulbous flowers such as tulips, hyacinths, lilies of the valley. Both freshly planted and previously planted plantings are recommended to be mulched with peat, the layer thickness can reach 5 cm.

If the weather permits, and you have not dug bushes of dahlias, begonias and gladioli before, then you should do this at the beginning of October, at above-zero temperatures, on a sunny day. Wintering should be organized in a room with low humidity, and a temperature of about +5 C, suitable basements, attics, glazed balconies.

Perennial flower crops can be left for the winter under open air, it is recommended to cut off their stems, those affected by diseases should be burned, healthy ones can be placed in compost pit... The soil on the flower beds should be loosened, do not forget to fertilize.

Cereals do not need to be cut, they will add decorativeness to the garden in winter, and at the same time they will retain the snow.

Don't forget to pay attention to the rose bushes. From it should be cut in accordance with the recommendations for the care of a particular variety, the shoots that did not have time to ripen should be removed, lashes climbing roses- shorten to the beginning of the lignified part.

Common to all types of roses is the need for mulching. You can use a mixture of sand with peat, about a bucket of mixture will be required for each bush. You can devote time to this work at the end of October or in November, when the temperature will be stable at sub-zero levels.

we continue to work in the garden

In gardens with fruit trees, work should continue, which began in September:

• remove leaves and diseased fruits that have been left on the tree
• loosen the soil in the near-trunk circles
• remove detected diseased and broken branches

You can also whitewash tree trunks. However, you can often find advice to abandon whitewashing - abundant autumn rains quickly wash off the paint layer, therefore, protect the tree from sunburn received from the bright February and March sun, enhanced by snow, will not be able to.

Instead, it is recommended to wrap the trunks with polypropylene cloth (sugar bags, after removing the polyethylene lining). In spring, the bags should not be quickly removed - they protect well from the sun, allow air to pass through, the bark under them is not moistened.

By the end of the month, it is advisable to plant all shrubs and trees with an open root system, with a closed one - you can plant it throughout the year, including in winter.

Before the onset of severe frosts, you can produce the formation of the crown of trees by pruning, remove infertile old branches and dry ones.

lawn care

Remember that in the fall it is necessary to apply fertilizers containing phosphorus and potassium, nitrogen fertilizers should be abandoned: stimulating growth on the eve of winter is absolutely undesirable.

Aerate the lawns using a pitchfork or spiked sandals.

preparing an artificial reservoir for winter

Preparation for winter will require an artificial reservoir at the site. We thoroughly clean it from fallen leaves and debris. To ensure the purity of the water, you can pre-stretch a protective mesh over it.

It is also recommended to drain the water, but not all, in particular - if there are fish in the reservoir. To prevent ice from exerting destructive pressure on the walls of the reservoir, plastic containers that are half-filled with water should be immersed in the water.

All equipment must be removed from the pond, cleaned, dried and stored.

Heat-loving aquatic plants you should also ensure high-quality wintering, they should be stored all winter in containers, in ventilated basements with a temperature of about 0 C.

we work in the beds

Harvesting at such a time is usually already completed, but if October is warm, then you should not remove zucchini and squash, they can please with fruits even in October.

V open ground leeks can winter, but it is advisable to mulch the garden with humus, peat, sawdust.

The tops of tomatoes and potatoes should be burned, this will prevent the reproduction of late blight next year.

Work can be carried out with a significant decrease in temperature, but the soil should not be frozen, it is better if it is 2-3 degrees.

The beds intended for the spring planting of plants should be dug up, while clods of earth from under the shovel do not break - they contribute to the retention of snow, saturation of the soil with oxygen and moisture. In addition, deeper freezing of the soil will lead to the death of the larvae of pests in the garden and vegetable garden.

But digging the beds after snow falls is not recommended - too deep soil moisture will create problems with moisture evaporation in spring, which can delay planting work.

don't forget about indoor plants

From the beginning of October, it is recommended to remove all indoor flowers in the house - it will be too cold for them outside. Although no less stress awaits them there - the beginning heating season, and with it an increase in temperature and a decrease in air humidity, which is quite harmful for plants.

November at their summer cottage

From the beginning of November, the temperature may drop to negative levels, i.e. it's time for the final harvest. With the onset of November, the latest varieties of cabbage are harvested. The soil in the garden bed can be dug right away without breaking large clods of earth.

winter sowing of vegetables and flowers

Noticing that the ground has begun to freeze - sow seeds:

• parsley and dill
• lettuce and cilantro
• radishes and carrots

After snow falls, the beds can be covered with a layer of peat or straw.

In early November, but if the weather is cold enough, you can plant seeds in winter:

• matthiol and rudbeck
• poppies and asters
• cornflowers and escholzia
• scented tobacco and calendula

Prerequisite: the temperature of the ground must be so low that the seeds do not begin to germinate in the fall. The main criterion for the readiness of the soil can be the freezing of its surface layer.

flower care

Clematis are prepared for wintering by cutting off the shoots of the third group, leaving three nodes above the ground. The ground part of rudbecky, phlox, aconite, echinacea is cut off, leaving the length of the stems about 10 cm.

With the onset of frost, rose bushes can be covered. To protect perennial flower crops from freezing, you can sprinkle them with earth.

You will need to check the stored dahlia and begonias tubers, gladioli bulbs - remove any that you find defects on.

making stocks of soil

Do not forget to prepare the soil for growing seedlings. Of course, you can buy it at a gardening store, but using soil from the beds has some advantages - when planting, the seedlings will take root better.

general work

Upon completion of work in the garden and on the beds, all equipment should be cleaned, washed and repaired, and hidden in a dry room.

Harvested Seeds vegetable crops and flowers are sorted out and placed in paper bags, marked and folded in a cool dry place.

Before the frost starts, it is recommended to drain the water from the summer water supply. All containers, buckets, barrels, etc. should be turned upside down. All drains should be cleaned of fallen leaves. If there are unheated greenhouses and hotbeds, they are dismantled and preserved.

ornamental shrubs - how to properly organize wintering

Before the first heavy snowfalls, it is necessary to tie the branches of thuja and juniper - snow and wind can break and ruffle them. It is too early to cover rhododendrons with frames with covering material, but it is recommended to tie the fragile branches of the plant.

Young conifers also need protection from wind and frost.

So that hares do not damage the bark of young fruit trees in winter, they are tied with spruce branches, elderberry branches, wormwood.

harvesting cuttings

In the second half of November, you can prepare cuttings for spring planting. During the period of a significant decrease in temperature and the absence of fruits and leaves, cuttings acquire a special strength, which will give rapid development with the beginning of spring.

It is quite difficult to organize high-quality storage of cuttings, because winters are now quite unpredictable, both in terms of precipitation and temperatures. If the cuttings are harvested a little, it is best to keep them in the refrigerator. Large farms also use the method of storing cuttings in special refrigerators with controlled temperature and humidity.

The main task of November can be called cleaning the territory of the cottage and the garden - in winter sleep they must dive clean and tidy.

If you are already studying the second, go here >>

On this page there are answers to the first part of the notebook. If you are already studying the second, go here >>

Ready-made answers of the Reshebnik on the subject "The World Around" for grade 2 will help parents navigate and help the child in preparation homework... We bring the reshebnik to part 1 of the workbook for the Perspective program. All answers to the assignments were written by a student of the 2nd grade, Maxim Egorov, with the help of parents, checked and approved by the teacher primary grades... We will explain the tasks that may cause difficulties. As answers, we also provide extended information on relevant topics, which can be read in the articles of our encyclopedia and used if the teacher asks you to prepare a report or presentation at home.

GDZ to 1 part of the workbook the world around it, grade 2

Photos for the story:

By the link you can choose other signs: all signs of living and inanimate nature about the weather >>

Photos for storytelling:

Page 36. Autumn.

Autumn months.

1. In the first column, read aloud the names of the autumn months in the ancient Roman calendar. Compare their sound with the sound of modern Russian names for the autumn months. Write down the Russian names in the second column. Verbally make a conclusion about their origin.

In the 2nd column we write from top to bottom: September October November

Find out from your elders and write in the third column the names of the autumn months in the languages ​​of the people of your region.

In the 3rd column, we write from top to bottom: howler is a dirtier leaf

2. Write down the names of the autumn months in the language of the peoples of your region, which are related:

a) with the phenomena of inanimate nature: rain chime, dawn, muddy, frowning, howler.

b) with the phenomena of living nature: leaf-bearing, leaf fall.

c) with the difficulty of people: baker, wedding, skit, leaf-cutter.

3. Russia is great. Therefore, summer is seen off and autumn is met in different time and more than once. Write down the dates of the arrival of autumn according to the old calendars of the peoples of your region.

Answer: summer in Russia comes on September 1 (the modern date of the arrival of autumn), September 14 (the arrival of autumn according to the old style), September 23 (the day of the autumn equinox in the Moscow state was considered the day of the onset of autumn).

4. Signatures for the picture to choose from: golden autumn; sad time - the charm of the eyes; autumn in the village; autumn Moscow; waiting for winter.

S. 38-39. Autumn in inanimate nature.

1. Mark the diagram showing the position of the sun in autumn. Explain (verbally) your choice.

We mark the second scheme. There are signs of autumn on it (rain, leaf fall, the sun goes low above the ground).

For understanding: the Earth revolves around the Sun, while the axis of the Earth is always tilted in the same way. When the axis is tilted towards the sun, it seems high relative to the earth, is "directly overhead", its rays fall "vertically", this time of the year is called summer. When the Earth rotates around the Sun, the axis shifts relative to it and the Sun relative to the Earth seems to descend. Its rays fall on the Earth obliquely. Autumn is coming.

2. Make a list of autumn phenomena in inanimate nature using the text of the textbook.

Answer: frost, frost, rain, fog, autumn equinox, freeze-up.

3. Write down the date.

S. 40-41. Folk holidays at the time of the autumn equinox.

The traditional costumes of the Nanai hunters of the Amur region are a combination of brown, red, pink and blue flowers... The dishes are golden, painted.

Reindeer breeders of Kamchatka dress in clothes and shoes made of reindeer skins, as a rule, in all shades of brown or gray, with light fur.

S.42-43. Starry sky in autumn.

1.Using the illustrations in the textbook, connect the stars to form the figures of a bear and a swan. In the left picture, highlight the Ursa Major's bucket.

See the picture for the answer.

2. Draw a picture for your fairy tale about how the big bear appeared in the starry sky.

Fairy tale: Somehow the teddy bear wanted to feast on a honey and climbed a tree - to ruin the hive. And the forest bees are angry, they attacked the bear cub, began to sting. The bear cub began to climb higher and higher up the tree. The mother bear saw this, rushed to save the bear cub, she also climbed up the tree, and followed him to the very top of the tree. She covers her little son, and the bees sting harder and harder. I had to climb even higher, to the very sky, so that the bees would not get it. They are still there: Ursa Major and Ursa Minor.

Or write a story about how the bears hid from a hunter in a tree, and then climbed into the sky and escaped the chase.

We draw bears climbing into the sky from the top of a tree.

3. Observe the starry sky. Find familiar and new constellations and stars. Pay attention to the location of the Ursa Major's bucket. Write down the names of the constellations and stars that you were able to see:

Constellations: Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Pisces, Aries, Andromeda.

Stars: Venus, Sirius, Pole Star.

4. Write a story about one of the constellations of the autumn sky. Use for this information from the atlas-determinant, other books, the Internet (at your discretion).

Story: Bootes or Shepherd is the constellation of the northern hemisphere sky. It is observed both in summer and autumn. It looks like a man guarding a herd. The imagination of ancient people painted him with a staff and two dogs. There are several myths about this constellation, but the most interesting one says that the first plowman on earth was turned into this constellation, who taught people to cultivate the land. The constellation Bootes includes a very bright star Arcturus next to the Big Dipper, and it itself resembles a fan.

If you want, create a fairy tale about the constellations of the autumn sky. Write it on separate sheet and beautifully designed.

First you need to find out which constellations are visible in the sky of the northern hemisphere in the fall. They are shown and labeled in the figure:

We come up with a fairy tale about any of them or about all of them at once.

Fairy tale: People lived in the same city. They were kind and honest, they achieved everything with their work. Among them were a shepherd who grazed cattle, a charioteer, twin children, an Aquarius who carried water from a well, a beautiful virgin and Cassiopeia, and many others. They also had pets: a calf, a ram, a horse, hounds. And when the boy Perseus began to play the flute, all the animals from the nearby forest came to listen to him: the cunning fox, and the lynx, and the lion, and the bear with the bear cub. Fish, a whale and a dolphin swam to the shore. Even the fabulous unicorn and the dragon listened to the gentle melody. But one day in the fall, a volcanic eruption began near the town. He burned forests and fields, dropped houses and was already ready to burn the city and all its inhabitants. But the huge dragon told people: you have never done any harm to anyone, you are all very good and I will save you. He gathered on his back all who fit, and took them to heaven. So they shine from the sky to this day and the constellation Perseus, and the dragon, there was a place for everyone in the night autumn sky.

Pages 44-45. The grass is outside our house.

1. Cut out the drawings from the Appendix and place each plant in its own window.

3. Consider herbaceous plants near your house. Find out the names of several herbs with the help of the identifier atlas, write them down.

Answer: clover, bluegrass, foxtail, yarrow, knotweed (bird buckwheat), plantain, dandelion, mint, burdock.

4. Write a story about one of the herbs growing near your home. Use information from the book "Green Pages" or other sources (at your discretion).

Mint.
Mint grows near our house. This plant has a very pleasant smell. We often collect mint, dry its green leaves and add to tea. I like to drink peppermint tea. There are several types of mint, including medicinal.

Plantain.
The plantain grows along the roads, and from there it got its name. It has wide leaves and a long stem on which it blooms small flowers and the seeds ripen. It is a medicinal plant. If you cut yourself, apply the plantain, and the wound will heal faster.

Photos for insertion:

S. 46-47. Antique women's work.

1. Find flax among these plants.

Answer: second from the left.

3. You are in the Museum of Flax and Birch Bark in the city of Kostroma. View photographs of tools for processing flax, making linen threads and fabrics. Write the numbers of their names in the circles. 1. Spinning wheel. 2. Weaving mill. 3. Self-spinning wheel. 4. Ruffled. 5. Stupa with pestle. 6. Flax extractor.

The answer is in the picture.

It will be very useful to show the child a training video on flax processing >> So the student will clearly see the whole process and better remember the purpose of objects for flax processing.

Pages 48-49. Trees and shrubs in autumn.

1. Recognize trees and shrubs by their leaves and write the numbers of their names in the circles.

The answer is in the picture. Linden, birch and hazel leaves turn yellow in autumn. Euonymus can be yellow or purple in autumn. The oak leaves turn orange. Rowan, maple and aspen are yellow-red. Viburnum leaves in autumn are green or yellow at the cutting and red at the edges.

A story about trees and shrubs in autumn with photos will help with tasks from this topic >>

2. Find a shrub among these plants and underline its name.

Answer: juniper.

Find a tree whose needles turn yellow and fall off in the fall.

Answer: larch.

3. Visit the forest, park or square. Admire the trees and bushes in their fall dress. Find out the names of several trees and shrubs using the Identifier Atlas. Write them down.

Answer: Birch, poplar, thuja, maple, rowan, linden, spruce, pine, aspen.

4. Observe and write down when leaf fall ends: for birches - in October; for lindens - in September; for maples - in September; poplar - in November; for an aspen - in September; near viburnum - in October.

S. 50-51. Wonderful flower gardens in autumn

3. Identify some fall flower garden plants. Write down their names.

Answer: chrysanthemums, asters, dahlias, rudbeckia, gelenium, ornamental cabbage.

Photo for insertion:

4. Write a story about one of the plants in the fall flower garden.

Dahlia

1. The legend tells how the dahlia flower appeared on the earth. Dahlia appeared on the site of the last bonfire, which died out with the onset of the ice age. This flower was the first to sprout from the earth after the arrival of warmth to the earth and with its flowering marked the victory of life over death, warmth over cold.

2. In ancient times, dahlia was not as common as it is now. Then she was only the property of the royal gardens. No one had the right to take out or take out a dahlia from the palace garden. A young gardener named Georgy worked in that garden. And he had a beloved, whom he once gave beautiful flower- dahlia. He secretly brought a dahlia sprout out of the royal palace and planted it in the spring at the house of his bride. This could not remain a secret, and rumors reached the king that a flower from his garden was now growing outside his palace. The king's anger knew no bounds. By his order, the gardener Georg was seized by the guards and sent to prison, from where he was never destined to leave. And since then the dahlia has become the property of all who liked this flower. In honor of the gardener, this flower was named - a dahlia.

S. 52-53. Mushrooms

2. Draw a diagram of the structure of the mushroom and sign its parts. Check yourself with the diagram in the tutorial.

The main parts of the mushroom: mycelium, stem, cap.

4. Give other examples of edible and inedible mushrooms with the help of the atlas-determinant From earth to sky (Pleshakov) >>.

Edible mushrooms: butter dish, birch, milk mushroom, russula.

Inedible mushrooms: fly agaric, gallerina, pig.

Pages 54-55. Six-legged and eight-legged.

1. What are these insects called? Write in the circles the numbers of their names.

2. Cut out pictures from the application and draw up schemes for the transformation of insects. Finish the signatures.

Insect transformation scheme.

Eggs - larva - dragonfly. Eggs - caterpillar - pupa - butterfly.

3. Find an extra drawing in this row and circle it. Explain (verbally) your decision.

Answer: An extra spider. He has 8 legs and he belongs to the arachnids, and the rest in the picture have 6 legs, these are insects.

4. Write a story about the insects you are interested in or about the spiders. Use the information from the atlas-determinant, the book "Green Pages!" Or "The Giant in the Glade" (of your choice).

Near our summer cottage, in the forest, there are several large anthills. The ants work all day, collecting seeds and dead animals. And also ants graze aphids. They slap the aphids on the back, and she gives off a drop of sweet liquid. This liquid attracts ants. They love sweets.

P. 56-57. Bird secrets

1. What are these birds called? Write in the circles the numbers of their names.

Migratory birds: swallow, swift, starling, duck, heron, rook.

Wintering birds: jay, woodpecker, nuthatch, titmouse, crow, sparrow.

2. Give other examples of migratory and wintering birds. You can use information from the book "Green Pages".

Migratory birds: crane, redstart, sandpiper, thrush, wagtail, wild geese.

Wintering birds: jackdaw, dove, bullfinch, magpie.

3. Watch the birds of your city (village). Find out their names with the help of the identifier atlas. Pay attention to the behavior of the birds. Does each bird have its own character? Based on the results of observation, write your story. Draw a picture and stick a photo.

Jay - forest bird, but recently it can be found more and more often in the city: parks and squares. This is a very beautiful bird. On her wings she has multi-colored feathers, with a blue tint. Jay screams sharply, piercingly. This forest beauty loves to eat acorns, picks up food leftovers, sometimes ravages bird nests and even attacks small birds.

P. 58-59. How different animals prepare for winter.

1. Recognize animals by description. Write down the names.

frog
toad
lizard
snake

2. Color the squirrel and the hare in summer and winter outfits. Draw it to each animal natural environment... Explain (verbally) why these animals change their coat color.

The hare is gray in summer, slightly tawny, and by winter it changes its skin to white.

Squirrels come in a variety of colors, from light tan to black. In autumn, they also shed, change their coat to a thicker and warmer one, but their color does not change significantly.

3. Sign who made these supplies for the winter.

Answer: 1. Squirrel. 2. Mouse.

4. Enter the names of the animals in the text.

On the ground in a hole, a hedgehog makes a small nest from dry foliage, grass, moss. In it, it hibernates until spring. And the bear late autumn makes himself a den under a fallen tree and sleeps in it all winter.

S. 60-61. Invisible threads in the autumn forest.

1. How are oak and forest animals related? Cut out the drawings from the Appendix and stick them into the windows of scheme No. 1, and enter the names of the animals in scheme No. 2.

Answer: squirrel, jay, mouse. They feed on the fruits of the oak and live here.

2. Cut out the drawings from the application and stick them in the diagram windows. Within the framework, draw up diagrams with names.

Answer: Squirrels and mice feed on nuts. Rowan is a thrush.

3. Give your example of invisible threads in the autumn forest and depict it in the form of a diagram.

Example: a squirrel feeds on a pine tree (eats the seeds of cones) and a woodpecker (eats insects that live in the bark, thereby heals the tree).

4. Look at the photos. Tell (verbally) what kind of invisible threads in the autumn forest they remind you of.

Nuts are reminiscent of squirrels and mice. Acorns - squirrel, jay, mouse. Rowan is a thrush.

S. 62-63. Autumn labor.

1. List what people do in the fall in the house, garden, vegetable garden.

In the house: they insulate the windows, store firewood and coal for the winter, prepare stoves and heating boilers, make seaming for the winter.

In the garden: harvest from trees, protect tree trunks from rodents and frost, burn fallen leaves

In the garden: they collect vegetables, send them to storage in the cellar, dig up the beds.

2. Pick and glue a photo of your family's autumn work.

Photo for insertion:

Think and write down what qualities are needed to do this kind of work.

Answer: love for the land, hard work, the ability to work with a shovel, hoe, rake, patience, strength.

P. 64-65. Be healthy.

1. Draw what games you like to play in summer and autumn. Instead of drawings, you can glue photographs.

Summer and autumn games: catch-up, tag, hide and seek, football, bouncers, kondals, badminton, for girls - rubber band, classics.

2. Think and write down what qualities develop the games you love to play in summer and fall.

Answer: agility, strength, ingenuity, courage, attentiveness, perseverance.

3. Ask the elders in the family to tell about one of the backgammon games in your region. Describe the course of the game together. Give it a name ...

GAME "Tall Oak"

Our grandmothers and grandfathers also played this game in Russia, its name has been preserved since the 50s of the last century. One ball is needed to play. Play from 4 to 30 (or more) children.

Everyone is in a circle. There is one person with a ball inside the circle. He tosses the ball high above him and shouts out the name of one of the players, for example: "Lyuba!" All children (including the one who tossed the ball) scatter. Lyuba must grab the ball and throw it at one of the guys. Whoever is hit is tossing the ball next.

Play until you get bored.

What qualities does this game develop: reaction speed, accuracy, running speed, agility.

S. 66-69. Nature protection in the fall.

3. We got acquainted with these plants and animals from the Red Book of Russia in the 1st grade. Remember their names. Put the numbers in the circles.

4. And here are some more representatives of the Red Data Book of Russia. Use the tutorial to color them in and label them.

Mushroom ram, water walnut, mandarin duck.

5. Write a story about one of the representatives of the Red Data Book of Russia, who lives in your region.

Example: Atlantic walrus. The habitat of this rare species- Barents and Kara seas. An adult walrus can reach a length of 4 meters, and the weight of an Atlantic walrus can be about one and a half tons. This type of walrus was almost completely exterminated. Today, thanks to the efforts of specialists, a small increase in the population is recorded, although their exact number cannot yet be determined, since it is extremely difficult to get to the rookeries of these animals without special equipment.

Or we take the story from the page: Reports on animals of the red book >>

Page 70. Autumn walk.

Photo for insertion:

Autumn is the period when we need to prepare the garden and vegetable garden for the winter period. It is at this time that we need to lay the foundation for a successful and fruitful harvest of the next season.

In this article we will talk about what kind of work we need to do in the garden and vegetable garden in the fall.

What work to do in the garden and vegetable garden in September?

Garden... In the first month of autumn, we need to collect the remaining crop (with the exception of some subwinter species) and begin to prepare the plants for the winter period. Many inexperienced gardeners very often make the same mistake: the apples on the tree are overexposed, and therefore they overripe and crumble.

Such fruits very quickly lose their taste qualities, and also they cannot be stored for a long time. In addition, if the harvest is late, the tree will spend additional energy, which of course will affect its health in the winter.

Also, do not forget that winter apple varieties must be removed from trees before the onset of consumer maturity, they will ripen during storage.

September, one might say, is a kind of transitional period, that is, instead of the work that we performed in the summer, we begin to switch to autumn work.

Already at the end of the month it will be possible to start digging the soil in the near-trunk circles, as well as to start applying fertilizers.

In the first decade of September, we plant rooted currant cuttings (white, red, black).

After the gooseberries and currants are harvested, you can begin to thin out the bushes. We prune raspberries in this way, remove fruit-bearing shoots and new, underdeveloped ones.

Dig up the soil around the berry bushes, simultaneously applying organic and mineral fertilizers.

At the end of September, for planting, we begin to take tree seedlings from the nursery, rooted cuttings of berry cuttings.

In the first half of September, we begin to plant head lettuce seedlings in a heated spring or winter greenhouse. For a given plant great importance has an irrigation regime that will be carried out in the autumn-winter period, that is, in order to avoid the appearance of rot, watering should not be too frequent.

In September, we start stocking up on soil, peat, compost and manure. We continue to actively care for autumn plants of tomatoes, cucumber radishes, etc.

We begin to disinfect the walls and shelves of the greenhouse, frames, using for this purpose a 40% formalin solution or an infusion of bleach (400 g for 10 liters of water).

In the first half of September in heated film winter greenhouses you can sow parsley. By January, you will already have 2 crops of parsley. We do the same with celery.

You can also start harvesting the rhizomes of perennial vegetable plants.

Open field garden... In September, you can start picking carrots, tomatoes, onions, zucchini, parsley, celery. This work is the most important in the garden this fall. We begin to clear the beds that have been freed from vegetable crops from plant residues, weeds, and then we proceed to digging.

By this time, all preparatory work on the storage of vegetable crops should be completed.

In the first half of September, we still continue to care for late varieties cabbage.

What kind of work to carry out in the garden and vegetable garden in October?

Garden... In October, it will already be possible to start pruning trees. We begin to clear the stems of fruit trees from dying bark. With help lime mortar we make whitewashing of boles and skeletal branches.

We spray the crowns of trees with the same solution. After the leaves fall, we treat the trees with a 6-8% solution of ferrous sulfate.

We continue to cultivate the soil in the near-trunk circles, adding organic and mineral fertilizers, and, if necessary, lime.

October is also a better time to feed fruit and berry plants. In cases where the autumn was without rain, and the fruit trees were watered not so often, we carry out water-charging podzimny watering along the near-trunk circular ditches. The soil itself must be moistened to a depth of 50-60 cm.

Also, after a period of leaf fall, you cannot leave fallen leaves under the trees (we collect them and burn them).

Heaps with grass and manure, twigs and brushwood, if possible, take out of the site. Thus, you can eliminate the likelihood of attracting mice to the site for wintering.

So that the branches of young trees do not break under the weight of snow, we tie them together.

In order to protect the bark in early spring from rodents and from sunburn, we tie the trunks with roofing felt, tar paper or spruce wood.

We begin to cover the trunk circles with humus, peat, we sprinkle them with soil from the row spacing. With the first snow falling, we throw it as much as possible on trunk circles.

We are also starting to prepare the berries for the winter period. We carry out soil cultivation, while always introducing organic and mineral fertilizers.

We tie young bushes of currants and gooseberries so that they are not broken by snow. We untie the raspberry shoots from the trellises. We bend and pin their tops to the ground or connect adjacent bushes to each other.

After finishing the processing of berry plantations, cover the plantings with peat or humus, but so that the middle of the bushes are not covered.

A vegetable garden in a greenhouse or greenhouse... In October, we sow new varieties of parsley for greens. So that fresh greens appear on our table for the New Year holidays, we plant root crops with petioles and keep them at a temperature of 4-8 ° C

We carry out preparatory work for growing vegetables in the new season. We begin to wipe the wire frame with kerosene, on which the spring greenhouse film was all this time.

To disinfect the wooden parts of the greenhouse, we use a 10% solution of copper sulfate.

In October, you must definitely stock up on fresh soil, peat and humus, since in the future you may not have such an opportunity.

Open field garden... In October, we need to complete all harvesting work with crops grown in the open field.

We remove all plant residues from the vacated beds and begin to dig up the soil, but at the same time apply fertilizers. During digging, we also remove the rhizomes of perennial weeds, and destroy the larvae of pests (if any).

What work to carry out in the garden and vegetable garden in November?

Garden... This month of autumn, all works on garden plot must be completed. Every day the soil begins to freeze deeper and deeper. Before the onset of frost, we will need from outside water pipes and the barrels to drain the water, remove the irrigation hoses from the garden, clean and dry all gardening equipment.

To prevent the fertile soil from being washed away, we make furrows across the slope existing on the site. We place shields and other means of snow retention in the areas that are blown through.

Snowless period for the roots of fruit and berry crops can be very dangerous, and therefore you need to take care of their safety. Using peat and spruce branches, cover the trunk circles. For this purpose, you can also use a special covering material.

Vegetable garden in greenhouse and greenhouse... In November, the fruiting period of autumn-winter crops - cucumbers, tomatoes and head lettuce - ends.

After disinfection, the greenhouse can be used for forcing green onions, sorrel, celery, parsley.

Open field garden... In November, we insulate perennial vegetable plants, we check and calibrate vegetable seeds. We monitor how vegetables are stored in our cellar or basement.

Also, do not forget about organizing food for the birds remaining for the winter. We hang feeders in the garden and garden, not forgetting to periodically add food there. In the future, the birds will thank you by the same that they will destroy caterpillars and larvae of insects - pests.

Autumn is not only about harvesting. Favorite time is the time of work, caring for the land and plants. The harvest of the next year depends on the autumn work. All owners of summer cottages know: how to prepare for winter, you can harvest such a crop in the fall.

Autumn is important preparatory work before the onset of cold weather. Any owner of even a small land area wants to save his garden and plants on the site in the winter months. What kind of work is most important, how to properly build preparation for the winter, what must be done - this is only part of the necessary knowledge.

Harvesting and harvesting for the winter

The right approach to harvesting will ensure a successful conclusion to the season of toil and excitement. The collection rules are simple. The main requirement is to have time to collect all ripe fruits before frost. Lowering the temperature for most plants is reduced to spoilage, rotting or complete destruction. Basic rules for collection and procurement:

1. Prepare storage space and containers... Each type of grown product has its own storage location. What kind of room it will be, the owner decides. But in any place everything is located on established order... Disorderly piling up leads to the need to search for the desired workpiece.
2. Create a neighborhood. Banks, dried foods, fresh fruits cannot be just around. Some aromas interrupt the neighboring ones and spoil their individuality and special taste. Therefore, for blanks, it is supposed to create cells, shelves, compartments. Why are plastic containers prepared, for other types of wicker baskets or wooden boxes.
3. Study the features of maturation. Many berries, vegetables and fruits ripen gradually. Therefore, they do not collect everything at once, but in parts. Then it is easier to carry out processing, there will be no blockage in economic problems.
4. Careful inspection before placing in storage containers... One damaged fruit can kill the entire batch.

How to store is the priority of only the owner of the site and his family members. The pleasure of the harvest will be provided by the type of harvesting that is most preferred.

The right approach to harvesting will ensure a successful conclusion to the season of labor and excitement

Transplanting shrubs and trees

Autumn transplanting requires accuracy and careful preparation. In order not to damage the plant when changing its location, carry out the following actions:

• clean the root collar;
• spill abundantly with water;
• find the contours of the location of the underground part of the bush;
• dig around the outlines;
• prepare a cart or other container for transporting the plant.

If the movement is long, then a tissue bag is required, where the root system will be placed. In addition, it is necessary to tie the upper part, especially if it is spreading and wide.

In the place where the new plant is supposed to be planted, also carry out preparatory work:

• a hole is being prepared;
• the earth is fertilized;
• let the soil settle (calm down from mechanical actions).

Immediately after the delivery of the bush to a new site, there is no need to rush to replant. First, you need to assess the compliance of the size of the hole and the root system. The pit should be slightly larger. So as not to cram the roots, but calmly spread them at the bottom of the prepared depression. The earth is not tamped down, but simply covered up. If they dug a tree with a lump of earth, they do not try to recapture it. Everything that was brought from the old place is placed in a new hole. After the first sprinkling with soil, the bush is watered. Then the earth is added, watered again and left until morning. You shouldn't feel sorry for water: it is easier for a plant to gain a foothold in moist soil. The next day the tree is checked. Should look whether the bush is formed correctly. If there are weak shoots, extra branches, they are removed. Young fruit trees experienced gardeners cover with a special cloth, which is removed only in early spring.

How to prepare a garden for winter (video)

Autumn feeding

By sharing the harvest, the plants in the garden become weaker. This can be compared to people after a day at work. Leaving weakened crops for the winter means leaving them unprotected in the face of the problems of the coming snow season. What fertilizers to apply, the quality of the soil will tell. It must be returned to the state of the beginning of the fruiting season. It should be fed with purchased ready-made compositions of trace elements and homemade mixtures:

• humus;
• superphosphate;
• potassium salt.

Strawberry varieties require mandatory feeding. Immediately after collecting the last sweet berries, old leaves are cut off, the soil is loosened, and weeds are removed. Then fertilizers of the mineral composition are applied. What can be used:

• ammophos;
• humus;
• peat.

There are special ones that contain a whole range of necessary substances. Correct feeding will strengthen the plants, they will more easily survive the winter and give a new harvest.

Proper feeding will strengthen the plants, they will more easily survive the winter and give a new harvest.

Cleaning the garden from foliage and grass

Autumn leaf fall is beautiful, but it also adds a lot of hassle for gardeners. Great amount foliage covers the ground. The question arises whether it is necessary to remove the foliage and where to put it. There are several approaches to the problem. Everyone chooses their own solution:

1. Creation of compost pits. Scientists warn about the multiplication of pests of horticultural crops in fallen leaves. To save the site from diseases, a place is chosen to create humus. Experienced gardeners are advised to dig a hole at the end of the plot, in the shaded part of it. A box is created on the surface, up to the level of the fence. Foliage, weeds, and other unnecessary plants are put there. Anything that gets into the pit rotates and makes it possible to get excellent fertilizer for most plants.
2. Creation of a protective layer. The foliage is collected in small heaps, distributed under garden trees... The root system receives additional protection and trace elements that fall into the ground in the long winter. Leaves protect flower crops well, so foliage can cover flower beds.
3. Covering material for strawberries. There is a described experience when strawberries are covered with foliage, between the beds.

It is imperative to clean lawns of foliage. It is dangerous to cover such areas. If you leave the leaves, then in the spring in the places of its location, yellow spots from damping will be visible lawn grass.

It is imperative to clean lawns of foliage.

Mulching and sheltering garden plants in the fall

The mulching method will help winter the most fastidious crops. Pros of an autumn shelter:

• moisture containment;
• loosening the soil;
• overheat protection;
• preservation of trace elements useful for roots and stems;
• containment of weed growth.

Mulching creates the right crop environment. The ground remains moist and warm.

How can you mulch the soil:

1. Fallen autumn leaves : during the winter period, the foliage rotted, there is a natural fertilization of the soil, an improvement in its quality. In autumn, when digging, the foliage gets inside, improving the condition of the root systems, increasing the access of air and moisture.
2. Needles conifers : do not allow the earth to freeze and dry out. The needles are not used for the land that will be used for growing tomatoes.
3. Wood shavings and bark: better like this material will fit not for complete mulching, but partial. Only one lowest layer is created from wood residues, the top of the others (needles, foliage).
4. Remains of plants bearing fruit in summer: heaps of old plants are rolled up and placed on top of the soil in a thin layer.
5. Sawdust: only old ones that have stuck for more than one season are suitable. Sawdust is placed where frequent digging and loosening is not required.
6. Bark: maintains the desired temperature under itself, does not allow cold air, maintains the desired level of humidity.
7. Newspapers: inhibit the growth of weeds, keeps you warm. The newspaper is stacked whole, you can tear it into small pieces. It is not worth choosing only black and white or color ones. The quality of the printing does not affect the desired effect; any newspaper editions are suitable.
8. Hay: restrains the weight of the snow, keeps air gap, does not allow the roots to freeze or dry out.

Any layer of mulch requires control when it loses its quality or is renewed or changed. Autumn mulching is designed so that any used material will bend over the winter and in spring will not interfere with the soil, naturally warming up under the rays of the sun.

Autumn work in the country (video)

Preparing a vegetable garden for winter

Any site needs to be prepared for the winter cold. The frosty season can damage bare trees. For preparation, rules have been developed, there are many tips that can help experienced and novice gardeners.

Harvesting in autumn

Collecting everything that the land gave after the labors invested in it will delight. But real pleasure will be received only by the one who will carry out all the affairs in a measured manner, without haste, without tension and fear that he did not do everything and did not. All September and August are scheduled by experienced gardeners for a particular culture. There are even precise dates:

• onions - September 20;
• vegetables - September 28;
• cabbage - late and mid-September;
• October 1 - the end of the collection.

In October and November, they already work not with plants, but with buildings. They are also prepared for winter. These are the days for the last pieces and their storage.

Collecting everything that the land gave after the labors invested in it will delight

Fertilizing and planting green manure in the fall

The practice of agricultural work in the autumn period confirms that some of the actions can become laborious and useless. These include plowing the land with the introduction of fertilizers and manure into it. In the spring, everything will have to be repeated again. Manure and fertilizers are simply spread over the surface without covering them with a new layer of soil. Ash is considered one of the best soil helpers before winter. Therefore, it is advised to collect it in advance. Any remnants of paper, branches, boards are burned and stored in buckets. Ash - organic fertilizer, capable of saturating the soil with important trace elements.

Siderata create crop rotation in the field. Immediately after the snow melts, they will delight their owners with the first greenery. For siderates, special compatibility tables have been created. They explain what kind of culture can be planted one after another. The roots of green manure crops will fulfill the task assigned to fertilization, they will improve the condition of the soil, restore its quality and characteristics. Types and roles of siderates:

• loosening: rye, mustard, oats;
• disinfection: radish, calendula, oats;
• improvement of fertile characteristics: legumes, oats, alfalfa;
• protection against pests: marigolds, lupines, calendula.

The soil will be fertilized and fertile if mustard, beans, rye and rapeseed are sown before the snow cover.

Ash is an organic fertilizer capable of saturating the soil with important trace elements

Autumn planting in the garden

Some of the green manures are planted before winter, such work will speed up the time until the harvest. Benefits autumn plantings several:

• planting early garden crops;
• loosening the soil;
• additional saturation of the soil with the necessary microelements;
• protection from the spring sun and unexpectedly returning spring frosts;
• transition to mulch.

What is better to plant before winter:

• fruit trees;
• deciduous tree species;
• ornamental shrubs;
• fruit and berry bushes;
• bulbous flowers;
• perennial flower crops.

There are some plants that, when planted before winter, will give the desired harvest and early shoots.

• Garlic;
• Carrot;
• Parsley;
• Dill;
• Parsnip;
• Sorrel.

In autumn, they work with grafted rose bushes. They have time to take root and winter more easily.

Autumn works in the garden and in the garden - very important stage for your site. Of course, experienced gardeners know what to do in the country in the fall. But there are features in the preparation of the site, which I would like to dwell on in more detail. These are the autumn work in the garden that you absolutely need perform in the best way... The purpose of the autumn work is to prepare the garden for winter and lay the foundation for next year's harvest.

There are a number of works that need to be done exactly in October-November. You can check yourself whether everything is done and ready for winter. There is still time to complete all the garden work while the weather permits.

So, in the beginning we will list all necessary autumn work in the garden and vegetable garden, a further we will analyze the features.

1. Complete the harvest of late vegetable crops.
2. Collect and destroy all plant residues. Dry tops can be left for mulching.
3. Preparing the soil in the fall for planting vegetables and flowers before winter.
4. Prepare the beds for spring sowing, apply fertilizers, loosen, mulch for the winter from weeds and pests.
5. Sow green manure in the vacated beds.
6. Sow vegetables before winter - garlic, carrots, onions, herbs.
7. Preparing a flower garden for winter, planting bulbs: tulips ... ..
8. Digging up the bulbs of gladioli, dahlias.
9. Prepare hydrangeas for winter, prepare a shelter.
10. Autumn pruning of roses and shelter for the winter
11. Treatment of shrubs from pests and diseases, harvesting cuttings.
12. Preparation of trees for winter: autumn pruning of fruit trees, whitewashing of fruit tree trunks.
13. Top dressing of trees and shrubs in the fall before winter.
14. Moisture-charging irrigation, especially for bushes and trees.
15. To carry out protection against rodents of fruit trees, young seedlings.

WITHthe most important autumn work v garden and a vegetable garden, which I would like to dwell on in more detail

Soil preparation in autumn

The beds in the autumn are mulched with foliage before winter. During the winter, the foliage will partially decompose. This will not prevent young seedlings from breaking through in the spring. But there will be no weeds in the garden, thanks to the mulch.

You can simply cover the soil with newspapers, folded in 3-4 layers. Lightly dust the newspapers with soil to keep the wind away. In the spring, do not rush to remove this shelter before flowering - under it overwintered pests will die that will not be able to get to the surface. But at the moment of flowering, they come to the surface beneficial insects, and therefore, as soon as the plant begins to bloom, immediately remove the shelter.

You can water the foliage with the drug "Fitosporin" or "Shine"... Under such a bed, earthworms start up, this will improve the structure of the soil and increase fertility. The earth will be loose in the spring.

How to fertilize the soil in autumn

At the end of the month, you can bring rotted manure and compost under the bushes and trees, you can add humus under the others, but also along the perimeter of the crown, and not in the center. Under cherries and plums, you should additionally add half a bucket of ash.

If you apply mineral fertilizers, then those in which minimum amount of nitrogen... After all, it provokes active growth and may not allow the plant to prepare for wintering. Mineral fertilizers for autumn application must necessarily contain trace elements such as phosphorus, potassium and calcium. They will allow the plants to prepare for the drop in temperatures and, in general, for the harsh wintering conditions.

If you are late with feeding

If at the end of summer they did not bring in the roots necessary for growth, what to do? It is pointless to apply these fertilizers in autumn. The only other thing that can be done is to fertilize the soil " AVA“Because it does not dissolve in water and, accordingly, is not washed out of the soil by either autumn or spring waters.

How to cultivate the land from pests in the fall

At the end of the month, water the vacated beds well, including in greenhouses, with a solution "Fitosporina-M"... it is a natural biofungicide. The bacteria included in its composition tolerate frost well down to -20 ° C. Therefore, it will destroy pathogens of fungal and bacterial diseases. until the very frost... Under the snow, it perfectly retains its properties in the soil for many years. Phytosporin can be used to water the soil under all plantings (especially under perennial flowers).

Prevention of plant diseases

What green manure to sow before winter

How to care for trees and bushes in the fall

Top dressing of trees and shrubs in autumn

Do I need to add manure or rotted compost to the trunks? Organic matter, including manure, must be applied after the end of sap flow, otherwise it can cause branch growth that is undesirable at such a late time. But it should not be brought into the trunk circles, but along the perimeter of the crown - where the sucking roots are located.

Treatment of trees from pests and diseases

Pathogens and pests are destroyed by late (at the end of October) spraying trees and bushes with a solution of any mineral fertilizer high concentration. The easiest way to do this is to use urea, taking 500-700 g of fertilizer per 10 liters of water. If the leaves haven't fallen yet, spray directly over them. We must force them to give everything that they have accumulated to the plants and die off. Spray the ends of the branches especially carefully - aphids lay eggs on them. Walk well on all branches, trunk and soil in the near-trunk circles. In early spring(at the end of March) this procedure should be repeated.

Processing of near-trunk circles of fruit trees

Experienced gardeners do not dig near-trunk circles, this destroys the fertile layer. It is best to cover the near-trunk circles with tops, weeds and not rotted compost, especially along the crown perimeter, where thin sucking roots are located. In the center, near the trunk itself, there are no sucking roots that are damaged by frost, there are only conductive roots. They are as hardy as wood. All fallen leaves also need to be poured into the trunk circles. The pests will be deeply buried under this layer. It is advisable to perform these works just before night frosts.

Treatment of fruit tree trunks from pests

Treatment of the garden with insecticides and fungicides. Get rid of the spores of pathogenic microbes (coccomycosis, scab, powdery mildew and so on) will help spraying tree trunks.

How to spray the trunks of fruit trees:

• urea solution (per bucket of water 0.5 kg of urea)
• or copper sulfate(300 g per bucket of water),
• or laundry soap and soda ash(for a bucket of water, 50 g of soap and 400 g of soda).
• you can use the drug "HOM" (4%),
• abundant irrigation with Bordeaux liquid (3%), blue irrigation
• "Homezin", "Vectra".
• preventive treatment systemic fungicide"Skor", 1 ampoule for 10 liters of water.

The drugs differ in temperature regime the use of this or that remedy.

Autumn gardening - planting seedlings

End of September and beginning of October - good time for planting fruit bushes and for transplanting fruit trees older than 3 - 5 years. Plants have already accumulated a supply nutrients for the winter, the wood is ripe (shoots) - after the leaves fall, the rest time will begin. But root system is still awake, which means that the roots will recover faster after transplantation.

Saplings of black and red currants are planted obliquely and deepened by 10 - 15 cm. We plant gooseberries without inclination. We do not cut the branches - it will winter better. Do not be afraid to deepen the currants and gooseberries: every year new shoots will grow from the ground, and the rejuvenation of the bush in the future will be more intense. By the way, red currants are much more resistant to frost than black ones.

After planting, water the seedlings abundantly, and when the water is absorbed, sprinkle the hole with dry soil, humus or peat.

How to prepare fruit bushes for winter

Pruning fruit bushes in autumn

The best time for pruning and fruit trees in the garden is late fall. Wounds after pruning should be lubricated with brilliant green or hydrogen peroxide, and then natural oil paint, or bitumen (black varnish for metal), or a very liquid garden varnish. Pluses of autumn pruning also in the fact that there are no leaves on the branches, it is easier to assess which branches are suitable for removal, and which are better to leave.

Autumn pruning of shrubs and trees

There are two types of pruning of shrubs and low-growing fruit trees - formative and sanitary.

• Sanitizing trees involves removing old dry branches.
• Forming pruning - promotes the development of new green shoots.
• You can not carry out sanitary pruning in the fall of shrubs that bloom in the spring.

Treatment of shrubs from pests and diseases

Currants and gooseberries are often attacked by pests such as caterpillars, powdery mildew and spider mites. Standard processing will save you from powdery mildew copper-containing preparations... Against spider mite the following helps well:

1. Watering the currant bush abundantly will wash away most of the tiny insects.
2. You can spray the bush and immediately wrap it up with foil for a while, creating a moisture content above 80% inside, which kills the ticks.
3. The cobweb entangling the berry bush must be collected.
4. Before that, it is necessary to rip off each leaf damaged by the mite, then burn it so that the pests do not stay overwintering in the soil of the garden.
5. You can put open jars of turpentine or ammonia around the bushes and cover for a while.
6. When the lesions of the currants are significant, it will not work to fight without acaricidal preparations - all efforts will have a zero result.
7. Biologics increase plant immunity: "Vertimek", "Fitoverm", "Aktofit", "Agravertin", "Kleschevit".
8. Acaricidal preparations kill pests: "Floromite", "Sunmight", "Oberon", "Flumite".

Mulch the bush with rotted humus and sawdust at the end of October. And as soon as a steady snow falls, cover the bush with snow two-thirds of its height.

Autumn preparation of flowers for winter

Planting bulbous flowers

Usually planted in October bulbous plants particularly daffodils and hyacinths. Before planting, it would be nice to soak any bulbous plants for half an hour in a solution of the drug "Maxim" against rot or in a solution of "Fitosporin", or at least in a solution of potassium permanganate. Put rotted compost into the trench, then a layer of soil 10 cm, then a layer of sand 2-3 cm. A pinch of AVA fertilizer is enough, but you can do with a tablespoon of ash. Arrange the bulbs on the sand and cover them completely with sand. Top it with any loose soil or peat with a height equal to two diameters of the bulbs.

Pruning and feeding flowers

At the end of the month, you need to cut off perennial asters and chrysanthemums and also add ash under them, at least in a glass under the plant. V mineral dressings limit the amount of nitrogen, which is responsible for building up mass, and introduce potash and phosphorus fertilizers, allowing perennials to get root nutrition and fully prepare for winter dormancy. It is rational to apply fertilizers no later than the first decade of September, embedding in the soil, followed by watering.

Caring for perennial flowers in autumn

In the fall, they need to be dug up and separated. These are irises, violets, phlox, and others.

Phloxes: As soon as the first frosts have passed, you need to cut the stems as low as possible, near the ground. For the winter, cover for the winter, you can use spruce branches.

Irises: When the leaves are completely dry, towards the end of September, they are cut off at a height of about 10-15 cm and burned. Then, before the snow, pile up the roots and mulch with foliage or cover with spruce branches.

How to store dahlias and gladioli in winter

After the first freezing, cut the tops of the dahlias, dig up the tubers, rinse in water, soak in the potassium permanganate solution for 15-20 minutes and put in the shed to form a dense rind. After a week, the tubers can be stored, but first divide them into parts. Each tuber should have a piece of the stem (neck), since the buds are laid at the very base of the neck. If the dahlias are dried, then dividing a piece of the stem will become difficult.

The roots are well preserved if each tuber is smeared twice with beaten egg white from moisture loss during storage. You can store them in cardboard box or a cloth bag. The roots must be divided annually, otherwise the variety will degenerate.

Shelters for roses, clematis

It's time to put clematis, as well as spud peonies, oriental hybrids (lilies), chrysanthemums, irises.

Pruning hydrangeas in the fall

Sub-winter water-charging irrigation

Podzimny moisture-charging irrigation - this is the charge of plants with moisture before winter. Moisture charging watering provides not only a sufficient amount of moisture, but also improves their overall immunity and winter hardiness. Such watering contributes to the formation of fruit and berry plants deeper root system.

Moisture-charging irrigation is applied mainly to fruit trees and shrubs. The roots of these plants go deep into the soil, and in September - October the second peak of root growth occurs, so trees and shrubs in autumn you need a lot of moisture.

Winter watering is carried out in October and the first half of November... At this time, the air temperature drops so much that the roots of the trees cease to consume large amounts of moisture.

Soaking depth the soil should be: for a fruiting apple tree - 80-90 cm (40-60 liters per square meter), for young apples, cherries, plums - 60-70 cm (35-50 liters per square meter), for berry bushes- 50-60 cm (25-40 liters per square meter).

Water-charging irrigation can have a negative effect on plants only on heavy clay soils and in low areas. If the garden has sandy loam or forest, podzolic soil, then winter watering is necessary.

Lawn care in autumn

Usually in late October or early November, the last mowing of the lawn is done. Otherwise, the grass in the spring will hardly break through dried turf... They mow quite high (compared to mowing in spring and summer), at least 5 cm. It is impossible that a lot of snow accumulates on the lawn - this can cause diseases in the grass (symptoms will be visible in spring).

The lawn also follows remove weeds and leaves so that they do not decompose on the grass, causing rotting. At the beginning of autumn, we also do aeration or scarification lawns. Scarification accelerates the germination of lawn grass seeds, thus making the lawn more lush.

In the fall, you can use a reduced fertilizer nitrogen and increased content potassium to feed the soil and prepare the lawn for the upcoming frost.