Delicate and aromatic peach pulp quenches thirst well and delights with its taste. And if we consider that this fruit is very useful and rich in mineral salts and vitamins, then its value increases even more. Regular consumption of peaches increases the level of hemoglobin in a person's blood. To grow a peach on summer cottage, you need to know some agrotechnical features.

Soil for peach

This tree is very demanding on the quality of the soil. Salt licks, swampy and heavy soils are contraindicated for him. It is strictly forbidden to plant peaches after raspberries, tomatoes, strawberries, eggplants and potatoes. it fruit tree also badly reacts to the remains of alfalfa roots. Therefore, the peach can be called a very picky plant.

For planting better fit black soil or sandy soil is also considered acceptable, but in this case the tree will require frequent watering. Although on such soils, the plant is less susceptible to good drainage as well. Therefore, when landing, stones or gravel are poured onto the bottom of the pit.

Landing place

Peach is considered a light-loving plant. Subject to all conditions: correct fit, care and watering, it will give a rich harvest. Spraying the peach in the spring is also important. For landing, choose a well-lit place, protected from the wind. It is not recommended to plant more than tall trees... They will shade it, due to which the deformation of the crown often occurs, a decrease in yield and the quality of fruits.

Watering

Peach care in spring and at any other period consists of regular watering. Depends on future harvest... Although peach is classified as a heat-loving and drought-resistant plant, it needs a sufficient amount of moisture all the time. But, as they say, in everything you need to know when to stop. Excess moisture leads to tree disease. Due to waterlogging, the access of oxygen to the roots is hampered, and they begin to develop poorly.

Gum appears on the branches and trunk of the peach. All these factors contribute to the development of diseases and death of the tree. Therefore, it is very important correct watering and a timely sprinkling of the peach in the spring. During particularly dry periods, water the plant every two weeks. Water does not have to be poured into the trunk area. The entire periphery of the crown is well wetted.

Light is the most important factor

As already mentioned, peach is very fond of light and warmth. They plant it in the sunniest, but not windy place. If such conditions are not created for growth, then the tree will not tolerate the cold period well. In the spring, many branches will be frozen and flowering will be scarce.

A peach orchard is usually formed in rows, between which there should be a distance of about 5 meters. There should be about three meters between trees in a row. Reducing these parameters can only be in very warm regions, and even then not too much. So that the peach does not shade itself, carry out regular pruning of its branches, forming a crown.

Peach feeding

Regular fertilization is very necessary for the peach. Spring peach care includes a number of activities, including top dressing. The type of fertilization depends on the type of soil. If the soil is light, sod-podzolic, then organic and mineral fertilizers... The amount of dressings increases with frequent watering, since the water washes away nutrients. The first fertilization should be done at planting.

Add 10 kilograms of manure or humus mixed with 50 grams of 50 grams of superphosphate and 300 grams of wood ash to the prepared pit. These fertilizers must be mixed well with the soil. Further fertilization is carried out in the area of ​​the trunk and around it. In the early years, when digging the earth around the tree, add 55 grams of urea or any nitrogen preparations. These activities are carried out in the spring, before spraying. In the fall, feed with phosphorus and

Peach pruning

In spring, the scheme of which is very simple, it is carried out on all adult plants. It is held early, in March or April. This rejuvenating treatment gives bountiful growth young shoots. Be sure to remove dried and prune old branches. A tree that has not tolerated frost should be pruned harder. This will help him quickly recover and give new shoots. Do not prune in the fall.

This will weaken the peach and reduce its chances of overwintering well. The crown is regularly thinned out so that light penetrates inside. All shoots need to be shortened every year, then the crown will be perfect, and the fruits will not move to its edge. Here is a peach pruning in the spring. Its scheme is not complicated. It is necessary to get a spherical crown. Then your tree will look very good.

Sprinkle peach

The most important procedure is spraying the peach in the spring. It is carried out without fail. A very common disease is leaf curl. This is greatly influenced by cold and damp spring weather. The disease manifests itself after the opening of the kidneys. Processing the peach in spring is vital in this case. A diseased tree slows down its growth, and freezes in winter. If you correctly spray the peach in the spring, you can cope with the only wave of this disease, which mainly affects young leaves.

What are the signs of curliness? Leaves curl, coarse and gradually die off. They also change color to light green and reddish yellow. Peach processing in spring is carried out using fungicides. Spraying with Bordeaux liquid (3%) is also recommended. How to spray peaches in spring? Fungicide "Skor" is an excellent remedy. Its advantage is safety. Enough 2 ml for 10 liters of water. One treatment is enough, but you can repeat the procedure, only no more than three times. Good drugs for spraying, Trichodermin, Planriz and Gaupsin are considered. They help get rid of diseases such as curliness, moniliosis, and clotteroporia. For pest control, "Gaupsin" and "Lepidocide" are used.

Peach grafting

Grafting a peach in the spring is a very troublesome undertaking. Cuttings are harvested in December. To do this, use one or two summer plants... The shoots must be strong and well-matured. They are then stored in a cool place. In early spring, they are placed in the refrigerator. The day before planting, the cut is updated and the cuttings are placed in water. I use wild peach, apricot or almond as rootstock. The cuttings are grafted in the spring, in mid-March. Use any method. It is best to do this in the morning when the humidity is high. It is advisable to consult with a specialist who will tell you The best way and give advice.

An experienced gardener understands the importance of processing fruit trees in the autumn months and spring. Spraying trees helps control pests and therefore increases yields. It should be remembered that trees with a voluminous crown are preferable to be processed in the spring. Pests become active after hibernation, so it is recommended to start fighting them even before the first leaves bloom. The optimum time is the swelling phase of the leaf bud. It is especially useful to spray with Bordeaux liquid. If, for some reason, the treatment could not be performed at this stage, it is carried out before flowering, when the edge of a petal of a delicate pink hue appears from the flower bud.

Stir constantly while mixing liquids. In the absence of an assistant mortar stir vigorously, and while the rotation is in progress, pour in the vitriol solution in a thin stream. As soon as the rotation of the liquid stops, it is stirred again and copper sulfate is continued to pour in. If the Bordeaux liquid is prepared correctly, its color will be light blue, and the reaction is slightly alkaline or neutral. You can determine the reaction of a liquid using a universal indicator. Litmus blue paper will not change its color if the preparation is prepared correctly. When using phenolphthalein indicator white, the piece of paper should turn pale pink. The indicator is not always at hand, so an iron nail can be used to determine the reaction of the solution.

If you immerse it in a ready-made solution and see that copper settles on the nail, you cannot use the liquid, the reaction is acidic, there is not enough lime in the solution. Concentrated milk of lime, 10-15%, should be added until a slightly alkaline reaction is obtained. The ready-made Bordeaux liquid is not diluted with water, as this leads to its stratification. A solution with a strongly alkaline reaction does not adhere well to the tree, an acidic one causes burns to the leaves and the formation of a brown net on the fruits or their cracking. Spraying peaches in spring should be done with freshly prepared Bordeaux liquid. If the solution is prepared in the evening, and it is decided to process it the next day, it is necessary to restore the quality of the chemical by adding sugar to the solution in an amount of 5-10 grams for every 10 liters of 1% liquid.

It is not recommended to spray fruit trees in the flowering phase. After its completion, additional processing can be performed, in case of severe damage to trees by rust, scab or coccominosis in the last season. How to spray a peach, and in what time frame to carry out the processing, each owner decides independently. However, there is a certain schedule, adhering to which you can successfully carry out prophylaxis against pests and common diseases of fruit trees. The first treatment is recommended to be performed with a 3% solution of Bordeaux liquid in early spring... The next treatment is carried out immediately after the flowering phase and after 12-14 days the trees are sprayed with a solution prepared from 10 liters of water and 40 grams of zineb.

For example, in the recommended time frame, you can process a peach by spraying with a solution prepared from wood ash. To do this, you need to fill the bucket by a quarter wood ash and fill with water to the top. The contents of the container are mixed well and boiled for an hour. After the solution has cooled, it is filtered off. 0.5 liters of the resulting infusion is added to 10 liters of water and fruit trees are sprayed. You can store the finished undiluted infusion for 3 months. Each tree requires an individual approach. Can be treated with chemicals or use only folk remedies pest control. The main thing is not to get carried away with spraying, since excessive zeal can lead to serious defeats.

In order for a peach tree to bear fruit and not hurt, it needs help: take care of the peach, fertilize the soil, water it and fight pests and diseases. Peach is sprayed at least 3 times a year, since each spraying has a specific task, with the main goal being to combat a certain type of pest. Now we will consider each type of processing separately, focusing on how to spray peaches in early spring.

Spring peach processing is most important. It is carried out several times a season: before bud break and after flowering. Each treatment performs certain tasks, and therefore spraying a peach in the spring must necessarily be carried out twice a season - one spraying will not solve the problem. The first event, as we said, is held in early spring before bud break. The main condition is that the temperature outside should not be lower than 4 degrees. By the way, the implementation of peach processing in early spring depends on the region where you live. So, in the southern regions, events begin as early as March 15, in the northern ones - closer to April.

The main purpose of the treatment is the elimination of various insects that hibernate in the bark. The procedure is best done at intervals of 2-3 days. It is best to use copper-based fungicides. These include Bordeaux liquid and inkstone... A solarium emulsion is also suitable. During this period, it is not advisable to use preparations based on urea. And all because they will contain nitrogen, which is considered an active stimulant of vegetation.

If used before bud break, they will accelerate the tree's recovery from dormancy. This can cause problems in the development of the plant, the maximum danger is the loss of the entire crop. Spraying a peach in early spring helps fight curliness - this is one of the most dangerous enemies trees. This fungus first hibernates, and then develops on young leaves, first staining them in dark color, and then leading to curling and falling off the leaves. As a result, the tree begins to grow worse and bears less fruit.

Other diseases against which the first spraying is directed include:

• powdery mildew;
• scab;
• moniliosis.

The main condition is to complete the work at least 20-25 days before the fruit ripens. Carrying out all activities in the fall will allow you to destroy fungal spores and pests, because autumn is an excellent time for their development ( high level humidity and temperature). If you do not complete the autumn activities, then the trees will meet in spring together with millions of spores of fungi that have successfully overwintered in the plant.

What preparations should be used for spraying?

All gardeners are interested in how to process a peach in spring, because the effectiveness of the fight against diseases and pests depends on the quality of the drugs used. Since this tree can be chosen by a wide variety of pests, from fruit rot to mites, it is necessary to use a variety of preparations. This is the only way to protect the tree from their influence. Today we will consider the most effective means that will help your peach garden pest control.

The most famous drugs:

• Urea;
• Copper fungicides (copper sulfate and Bordeaux liquid);
• Insecticides;
• Fungicides (the most famous are Gaupsin, Planriz, Trichodermin, Tattu).
• Diesel oil emulsion. Treatment with this drug will cover the plant with a thin film, which will block insects and fungi from access to oxygen, which will cause them to die soon.
• People's helpers: lavender, garlic tincture, tobacco.

Before using any drug, be sure to read the instructions in order to know in what proportions to dilute the drug.

How best to carry out processing - step by step instructions

We told you how to spray peaches in spring. But it is much more important to follow all the necessary spraying rules, otherwise all your efforts will be in vain - you will spend a lot of solution, and you will not be able to cope with pests. After that, remove all debris, and burn old leaves and branches to destroy insects and fungal spores. The spraying itself is preferably carried out on a windless day in the morning or in the evening, so that chemicals are not carried by the wind throughout the garden.

It would be good to study the weather forecast for the next couple of days - if rain is predicted, it is advisable to move the work to a different time so that the rain does not wash away the chemicals. If this happens, the procedure must be carried out again.

Growing a peach on your site is not an easy task. Not only that, not every region can fit in terms of climatic conditions, so also the most various misfortunes will periodically try to leave the gardener without a crop. And to provide the tree healthy life, you need to know all the possible troubles in person. Disease and pest control is an important step towards a healthy, bountiful harvest.

Diseases and pests of the peach tree

All major stone fruit diseases are inherent in peach - leaf curl, fruit rot (moniliosis), powdery mildew, cytosporosis and clotterosporosis. In addition, sometimes it is attacked by pests - aphids, eastern moth, fruit mite, fruit moth, weevil. The gardener needs to react in time and get rid of problems.

The peach tree is a good target for diseases and pests, so you should not sit back, even if a variety that is resistant to many misfortunes grows on the site

Table: Disease Resistant Peach Varieties

Photo gallery of diseases and pests of peach

Fruit mite sucks sap from the tree Curly hair can leave a peach without leaves Aphids quickly multiply and cause big damage plant
Eastern moth is one of the most dangerous pests Powdery mildew is easily erased at first with a finger, while it looks like white felt Fruit rot spoils the harvest and spreads quickly in the area

Peach diseases and their causes + photos

All diseases that can be encountered when caring for a peach are conventionally divided into three groups - diseases of the leaves, trunk and fruits. Of course, this does not mean that this or that ailment affects only the fruits or the trunk, but on a specific part of the tree it manifests itself most clearly.

Leaf diseases

Clasterosporium disease

Clasterosporium is one of the most common and unpleasant diseases that affects almost the entire tree - leaves, buds, flowers, ovaries and shoots. The disease manifests itself brightest and most noticeably on the leaves, on which brown spots with a dark red border appear - foci of fungal infection. The damaged leaf tissue dies off and falls out, leaving a hole. It is because of this that klyasternosporiosis got its second name - perforated spotting.

Clasterosporium disease is called perforated spot. the disease points to the leaves

The fungus, which is the causative agent of the disease, penetrates the tissues of the peach tree and forms there mycelium, which gradually penetrates into the plant cells and causes their death. The problem is that, hiding on shoots, flower buds and affected branches, it easily survives the winter and begins to spread to healthy parts of the tree when temperatures are positive. Here it is important to detect the symptoms of the disease in time and rid the peach of those parts that have already suffered. This is why early spring pruning, which is carried out with the onset of heat, plays such a important role both as prevention and as a method of treatment. After processing, the sections are disinfected with a solution of lime with the addition of copper or ferrous sulfate.

In the course of treatment, such well-known drugs as "Hom" and "Meteor" are used. Spraying is carried out three times - during the swelling of the buds, as well as before and after flowering.

Curl

Curly leaves are also not a gift - in a wet, rainy and protracted spring, the disease gets every chance of successful development and reproduction, attacking the leaves first of all. As soon as the leaves bloom, as it will already be possible to see on them, in addition to the usual Green colour also purple. A little later, a border of the same color will appear. After a week or a little more, a gray coating can already be noticed on the back of the sheet. The disease affects the shoots, and after a while the leaves curl and fall off, leaving the branches bare. At the first frost, the shoots are doomed to death. A tree affected by curl almost ceases to bear fruit, and those rare specimens that do appear have a damaged pericarp.

Curly is a fungal disease, which is one of the most common

To avoid yield problems, diseased shoots should be pruned prior to the start of the sporulation period. In the fall, before the rains begin, the so-called blue treatment is carried out with preparations containing copper. In the spring, the drugs Skor and Horus are used, as well as Hom. This looks like simple circuit so: first, during the growing season, the peach is sprayed with copper oxychloride, and after 8 - 12 days "Horus" or "Skor" is used.

Video: curl of peach leaves, methods of struggle

Powdery mildew

Powdery mildew is one of the most dangerous diseases affecting shoots, leaves and fruits. It is easy enough to calculate it by white bloom which in initial stage can be erased with your finger, but then it coarsens, becomes brown and turns into dark spots... Shoots touched by powdery mildew lag behind in development, are damaged and die off. Thanks to its sharp suction cups, the mycelium successfully sucks out all the necessary nutrients... Wind facilitates easy movement of spores and spread over large areas. The disease is especially severe during drought periods.

Powdery mildew quickly spreads over the site and captures shoots, leaves and fruits

In order to prevent the disease from developing, the affected shoots, leaves and fruits (still belonging to the tree or already fallen) are removed. As a therapeutic measure, Topsin or Topaz is used at the end of flowering.

If insecticides are added to these drugs, the effectiveness of the treatment will increase.

Trunk ailments

Cytosporosis

Cytosporosis is a fungal disease that affects the bark of a tree. More precisely, bast is a layer located between bark and wood, which becomes dark brown in case of illness. This ailment can be detected by the withering, drying tops of the shoots, as well as brown smudges and spots on the bark. From the tops of the shoots, cytosporosis descends downward, capturing skeletal branches and the trunk. After the latter is defeated, the tree will be under serious threat.

Cytosporosis is a fungal disease, but unlike fruit rot or powdery mildew settles under the bark

The branches found damaged by the disease are immediately removed. The shortening occurs to a length of 0.8 - 1.5 m, sometimes the entire skeletal branch is removed, but provided that not a single millimeter of the affected bast remains below the cut site, otherwise cytosporosis will not stop. Cut pieces of wood, as well as dried trees, must be burned immediately or taken out as far as possible. The first option looks preferable, since the infection travels long distances without any problems, and there is no guarantee that after a while the ailment will not return to your site.

Since cytosporosis primarily affects weakened trees, it is necessary to comply with a full range of agrotechnical measures, such as timely (and, most importantly, correct) pruning, regular watering, timely treatment of wounds, etc.

A good means of preventing and treating cytosporosis is a 3% Bordeaux liquid (lime per 10 liters of water), used for spraying in early spring (before the leaves open) and in the fall (during or after leaf fall).

Diseases of the fetus

Moniliosis

Fruit rot or moniliosis, monilial burn - all these are the names of the same disease caused by the same fungus, which, during flowering, infects flowers, leaves and branches, and later fruits. Monilial burn got such a peculiar name, because leaves and fruits affected by the misfortune look like burned ones. The disease manifests itself especially clearly on the fruits on which appear brown spots deforming them. These spots spread over the fruit, and light gray or gray spore pads appear on them, forming concentric circles. The wind easily transfers spores to other trees, and if the weather is cool, damp, the disease spreads rapidly throughout the area, affecting almost all, without exception, fruit plants.

Moniliosis causes the fruits to rot on the branches until they completely shrivel and dry out.

As a preventive measure, periodic pruning of the tree is carried out in order to exclude thickening of the crown. The parts of the plant found affected by moniliosis are removed. Before the beginning of flowering, the preparation is treated with "Horus". After flowering, apply "Topaz", and after it - "Topsin". Thanks to this approach, not only the pathogen is destroyed, but also its carriers, which are eastern moths, geese, weevils and beetles.

Fallen fruits damaged by moniliosis are immediately collected and carried far beyond the site, and in the fall the remaining fruits are removed from the trees.

Table: peach diseases, treatment and prevention

Pests and the fight against them

Aphid

Aphids are perhaps the most common uninvited guest on peach trees. She bases herself on young shoots, clinging to them and sucking out vital important to the plant juices. The seedlings begin to ache, dry out, the leaves crumble. While the number of aphids is small - it is easy to crush it with gloved hands right on the spot, but if you show slowness, this pest will significantly increase its population, and then you will have to resort to potent pesticides, since weaker solutions will no longer have the desired effect.

The peach aphid can be green, and orange, and yellow - the color changes, the essence remains

Weevils

Weevils damage buds, buds and flowers by gnawing stamens, pistils and petals. Sometimes it spreads to young leaves. Small pits are created in the fruit for egg-laying. They are carriers of the main fungal diseases of the peach.

The surest action will be to chemically treat the tree before the buds swell. Good trapping belts applied above the trunk, removal of damaged buds (such as usually have a brown top) and removal of peeling and dead bark. Whitewashing the trunk with lime also makes a good contribution to the fight against weevils.

Weevils damage buds and spread fungal diseases

Mites

Mites are known for their ability, like aphids, to suck out all the useful and nutrients from the tree. They successfully overwinter in the bark at the base of large branches and in a warm period are able to weaken the plant so much that its shoots stop developing, dry up, yield significantly decreases, the tree stops bearing fruit, and the leaves lose color and fall off.

Regular pruning of peaches, keeping clean trunk circle, whitewashing the trunk and installing trapping belts helps to cope with the tick. But an even greater effect is achieved when using drugs such as Fitoverm, Neoron, Apollo and Karate.

Fruit mite indiscriminately attacks any fruit trees, including peach

Fruit moth

The fruit moth is the most troublesome in the form of a caterpillar, which in the spring is taken for buds, and then for young shoots. As the pest gnaws at the core from them, the shoots begin to wilt and die off, the tree can shed its leaves. One caterpillar is capable of destroying 5 - 6 shoots, which is already significant damage. In adulthood, caterpillars climb into dry leaves, bark or soil in the trunk circle.

Shoots damaged by moths are cut off and burned. The same is done with carrion and root shoots. Good result achieved with regular loosening of the soil and the imposition of trapping belts on the bole and skeletal branches.

Fruit moth damages the shoots, causing the tree to stop developing

Eastern moth

The eastern moth hibernates on damaged shoots, in cracks in the bark, and also under fallen leaves. Caterpillars feast on young shoots, small ovaries and even peach pits that have not yet hardened. The moth, like aphids, is a carrier of various fungal diseases, including moniliosis, so you need to get rid of it immediately.

This is how peach fruits slightly damaged by the eastern moth look like

Table: methods of pest control

The peach as a fruit tree is susceptible to the same diseases as the apple, pear, plum and others, therefore, in some ways, the measures to combat ailments in all cases are similar. The list of pests for peach is somewhat different, but in this case there are universal remedies that can be used for most fruit trees. Observing the indicated dosage and carrying out timely prevention, as well as acquiring varieties resistant to certain diseases and pests, you can avoid growing problems and achieve a large harvest every year.

Peach trees can be attacked by garden pests (aphids, scale insects, moths, weevils, etc.).

Peach pests damage leaves and shoots, slow down development, ruin crops and can lead to plant death. To avoid this, you must:

• timely detect the appearance of pests (each pest has "its own" handwriting, by which it can be calculated);
• take appropriate action.

Pest control measures include certain agrotechnical actions ( autumn and spring digging, getting rid of fallen leaves, cleaning the bark, pruning shoots, spraying with milk of lime, setting traps, etc.) and chemical treatment peach from pests with special preparations ( for each type of pest, it is necessary to select a specific insecticide).

Important! Pesticides should be sprayed and enveloped in fog - in the smallest spray - the whole tree evenly. It is necessary to ensure that the solution falls on both sides of the leaf - the outer and inner, wetting the bark (especially cracks).

Weevils and their larvae cause serious harm to the peach tree - gnaw young leaves, buds, damage young buds and flower ovary (gnaw petals, pistils and stamens), carry fungal diseases.

The fight against weevils includes, first of all, preventive measures (competent preventive actions will ensure reliable protection garden). Prevention is as follows:

• browsing and checking branches garden trees, checking seedlings (especially the root ball of the earth);
• competent planning of areas with crops vulnerable to weevils, in different parts garden;
• autumn and spring digging of the ground around the peach, cleaning the old bark;
• spring whitewashing with milk of lime (1.5 kg of slaked lime per 10 liters of water) of the lower part of the trunk (during the period of swelling of the kidneys);
• installation of a fishing belt on the trunk (from the ground to the first branch);
• preliminary spraying of buds with an aqueous mixture laundry soap and mustard powder (can be replaced with wood ash);
• planting garlic and onion beds around the peach (the pungent smell scares off the weevil).

Did you know? Weevils are black-brown beetles ranging in size from 7 to 12 mm with a long proboscis (because of which the insect is often called an elephant). They reproduce by parthenogenesis (only females live in our region). One female can lay up to 1000 eggs. Weevils hibernate in the soil, crawl out into the air in April, lay eggs in May (in flower buds).

If pest prevention did not help, and the weevil is still wound up, biological (natural) and chemical (insecticidal) methods are most often used.

Biological method safer for plants and pollinating insects (bees):

If safe methods have not led to the desired result, you need to apply more radical means - spray the buds with insecticides.

The application depends on the drug, but the first time it is necessary to process a week before the opening of flowers (drugs "Karachar", "Fitoferm", "Iskra M"), a number of drugs can be used three times - before flowering, the last phase of flowering and 10 days after the end of flowering ("Fufanon", "Kemifos", "Novaktion", etc.).

Before use, you should carefully read the instructions. Typical fluid consumption is 2 to 5 liters per tree.

Important! In order to avoid the addiction of pests to the insecticide, it is not recommended to use the same one in a row, it is more expedient to use different preparations. If there are many trees, then before the first use you need to test the effect of the agent on one tree.

Ticks (red spider, common, etc.) feed on plant juices and can not only reduce the yield of the peach, but also destroy the tree.

The mite on the peach is practically invisible - its size is up to 1 mm. They live on inner surface leaves, fruits, shoots.

A signal of their presence is the appearance of a cobweb between the leaves, on the stems (on cobweb threads, mites can be carried by the wind to other trees).

In hot summer, ticks reproduce especially quickly (from egg to adult - seven days). Ticks do not like rain, coolness and dampness.

Did you know? Ticks are a family of a subclass of Arthropods of the class Arachnids (8 five-membered legs, two pairs of eyes, a head fused with the chest, high adaptability). There are more than 50 thousand varieties of them in the world. Small sizes (from 0.4 to 1 mm) make it difficult to detect the pest in a timely manner.

Regular preventive measures (whitewashing the trunk, trapping belts, destruction of a fallen leaf, etc.) reduce the risk of tick infestation of a peach, but do not guarantee 100%.

Therefore, it is necessary to systematically inspect the leaves and branches of trees. If signs of ticks appear, take action. In a non-neglected case, you can offer effective folk methods fight (no heavy chemistry). This spraying:

• tobacco solution... The solution is prepared from a kilogram of tobacco dust (sold in garden stores) and 20 liters of water (it is better to dilute at first until uniform in a bucket), add 50 g of laundry soap (for better adhesion). You need to spray twice with a seven-day break;
• infusion of chamomile(insist 12 hours a kilogram of chamomile in a bucket of water). You also need to process twice with a week break.

If the tree has undergone a massive invasion of ticks, then insecticides and acaricides will come to the rescue. Spraying is carried out twice - after the appearance of the ovary and a month before harvesting (this will make it possible to destroy first the larvae and adults, and then those hatched from the eggs).

The most effective remedies:

• colloidal sulfur(for 10 l - 80 g) - processed during the growing season from 1 to 6 times (each subsequent treatment - every other day);
• « Fitoferm"(Per liter - 15 ml) - 2 times during the growing season (the second - after two days);
• « Neoron"(For 10 liters - 15 ml) - once 45 days before harvest;
• « Karate"(For 10 liters - 5 ml) - 2 times during the growing season (the second - after 20 days).

Moths

Fruit moths pose a serious threat to young shoots and to the harvest (if the fight against these peach pests is delayed, then all fruits may die). Most often, peaches fall prey to oriental and plum moths.

The harm from the eastern moth is reduced not only to damage to the fruit. Caterpillars devour young shoots, carry fungi (including ascomycete, which causes moniliosis). The first signs of pests are:

• gum on young shoots, longitudinal cracks, their lethargy and dying off;
• wormholes on the surface of peaches.

Did you know? The eastern moth is a lepidoptera (15 mm long). The female is larger than the male. The wings are gray-brown, the body is dark. The homeland of butterflies is the countries of East Asia. The flight of butterflies lasts a month during the flowering period of peaches. More active in the evenings and early in the morning. Eggs (from 100 to 200) are laid on the tops of shoots, buds (females of the first generation), sepals and peduncles (females of the second generation). One generation lives from 24 to 40 days. During a season, up to 4 generations can pass, superimposing one on top of the other. They wait out winter in cracks in the bark, under fallen leaves.

When fighting the eastern moth, agrotechnical, natural and chemical agents are used:

Important! During flowering peach trees it is strictly forbidden to treat with insecticides. Other crops in the garden during the peach treatment with insecticides should be covered with foil.

The larvae of the plum moth infect the peach fruit: they eat away the flesh and the core of the bone, violate the vessels from the stem (the flow of juices stops), the fruit begins to wither, sing prematurely and falls.

The first sign of the presence of a plum moth is massive fall of green peaches with wormholes, as well as the appearance of lumps of cobwebs on fruits and leaves.

Did you know? Plum moth by outward appearance resembles eastern, has more large sizes(up to 2 cm). Moths fly in late May - early June. The butterfly lives from 4 to 15 days, manages to sow up to 50 eggs per fruit. Caterpillars gnaw through the peach skin on their own and take root in the fruit. During the season, two generations of moths pass through. Caterpillars hibernate in dense cocoons made of cobwebs in cracks in the bark, in the soil under a tree.

The protection of the peach from these pests by agrotechnical and natural means is similar to that applied to the eastern moth. With a small number of pests, it is advisable to use the biological product "Bitoxibacillin" against each generation (for 10 liters - 40-80 g).

Usage chemicals has its own specifics:

• processing is carried out until the appearance of caterpillars (when lumps of cobweb appear) - "Intavir" (one tablet per 10 liters);
• against caterpillars of the second generation - "Fufanon", "Sumition", "Novaktion" (but not less than 30 days before harvest).

Moth

The garden moth and its larvae (especially the miner moth and fruit striped moth) pose a serious threat to the buds, young shoots and leaves of peaches.

The miner moth reduces the viability of the peach, inhibits growth, and reduces the yield of the plant. Signs of moth damage - premature yellowness and shedding of leaves damaged by larvae. On the leaves there are characteristic mine spots (in the form of tunnels, spots, etc.).

The miner moth is about 4 mm in size. Female moth with back side leaves lays up to 90 eggs, from which larvae emerge, gnawing mines in the leaf plates (the skin is not damaged in this case). Miners hibernate in damaged bark, under fallen leaves.

In the fight against miner moths, an important role is played by cleaning and destruction of fallen leaves, autumn whitewashing of the trunk, digging, washing off with a stream of water during the summer of butterflies.

Used as a natural insecticide tincture of red pepper (cook for an hour, for 10 parts of water - 5 parts of pepper, then insist for a day).For 10 liters - 125 ml of tincture, add 40 g of laundry soap. Spraying should be carried out twice, at intervals of a week.

The use of these funds does not guarantee complete release from the pest, therefore, chemical preparations are used against mole pests of the peach (for spraying the leaves, applying to the soil, injecting into the trunk).

These are drugs that affect the development of insects ("Dimilin", "Insegar", "Match", etc.) and organophosphate and organic insecticides ("Bi-58 new", "Zolon", "Confidor Maxi", etc.) of double use ...

Caterpillars of the fruit moth are distinguished by their gluttony (one caterpillar is capable of destroying 5-6 shoots), devouring buds, leaves, and eating the bones of young peaches. Caterpillars hibernate, crawling under the bark of a tree, in its folds, crawl out during the budding period.

The first butterflies appear in June, laying eggs at dusk. Ripening period - two weeks. At the end of August, butterflies of the second generation appear.

Among the methods of pest control, a large place is occupied by agrotechnical ones (pruning of affected branches and shoots, harvesting fallen leaves).

During bud formation, the peach crown can be sprayed with an emulsion with industrial oil 1-20A, Karbofos (for 10 l - 30 g) or Chlorofos (for 10 l - 20 g). During egg-laying, foliage can be treated chemicals based on phenoxycarb, and the problem of how to get rid of moths on a peach will temporarily recede into the background.

Aphid

Aphids are a sucking insect. When aphids are damaged, young shoots wither, dry, lose leaves, the tree begins to ache. Signs of the presence of aphids:

• clusters of aphids (buds, bottom of leaves, young shoots);
• sticky liquid (pad) covering the leaves;
• twisting the tops of the shoots;
• the formation of buds and fruits stops;
• a large number of ants (they are attracted by the honeydew).

Important! With the timely detection of aphids, it is easy to deal with it - remove it with your hands, wash it off soapy water and others. If time is lost, you will have to use strong pesticides.

Peaches are particularly threatened by the green, black and striped peach aphids.

Insects are light green in color, small in size (1.5 mm), form colonies. Especially great harm is done by green aphids to young seedlings: it pierces the leaf with its proboscis and sucks out the juices (the leaves become discolored, curl, fall off, the flowers crumble, the seedlings can dry out).

Damaged shoots freeze in winter, mushrooms settle on the pad, and wood-boring beetles appear on weakened trees.

You need to start destroying aphids with methods that are softer for the peach tree:

• agrotechnical: cutting down root growth, weeding or cutting vegetation, stripping bark, removing aphids by hand or with a strong jet of water;
• biological: the use of natural enemies of aphids ( ladybugs, wasps, hover flies, etc.). Planting nettles, onions, spicy herbs and others. In addition, effectively ( in the early stages) the use of decoctions and infusions of dandelions ( 400 g of leaves to insist 2 hours in 10 l warm water ), garlic ( 300 g of chopped garlic in 10 liters of water to insist for 20 minutes), onion skins ( 150 g of husk per 10 l of water, leave for 5 days, add 50 g of laundry soap) and etc.;
• chemical: spraying with pesticides. In autumn - Bordeaux liquid (2%), in spring, before or after flowering, - Bordeaux liquid (1%), a mixture of thiazole and fociol, "Dipterex". With the advent of fruits - "Bi-58 New", "Aktofit" ( 8 ml per liter of water), etc. In the spring, you can destroy aphids after winter using DNOC ( every two years).

The striped aphid on peach sucks the juice from the bark and shoots (the bark becomes sticky), the leaves on the upper shoots curl up, turn red and fall off.