The angular grinding machine, which received the nickname "Bulgarian" in the post-Soviet space, 3-4 dozen years ago in their domestic workshop wanted to have every host. Then for most people, it really was a dream, because it produced this electric tool only one factory - "Eltos Bulgarian" in the Bulgarian city of Plovdiv (hence and national title). And although over the past time, the number and range of Bulgarians increased incredibly, the main nodes of the tool designs have not changed.

Bulgarian is used not only for grinding and polishing surfaces, but also for metal processing, concrete (with diamond or abrasive circles).

Electrical Equipment Bulgarian

For 40 years, the appearance of the Bulgarian has practically not changed: an oblong case with an inward-mounted engine and a gearbox, a screwdrived knob and a protective casing side.

Bulgarian, like any tool, sooner or later refuses to work. But there are situations when to eliminate the fault of a fairly simplest repair of electrical equipment. To perform this small repair, you need to have a concept, as such equipment works inside, and be able to read its electrical circuit.

Electrical circuit grinding machine Consists of such elements:

• anchor;
• collector;
• electrolars;
• gearbox;
• stator;
• handles holders;
• power cable with fork.

Each of these elements performs its functions in the electrical circuit, each leads to stopping the tool. For example, anchor, being a rotating element of the chain, is responsible for rotating the grinding disk. To force the disk to rotate, anchor should spin with even greater speed. Therefore, the greater the speed of rotation of the anchor, the greater the power of the tool.

The collector is an anchor platform on which all power and control cables come out. His task is to translate the signals passing on the windings to the engine-minded and control unit language. If you remove the housing cover, its polished plates immediately rush, especially since they have relatively large sizes.

The purpose of electrical papers is to provide a current to the collector from the power cable. If they are in normal working condition, then through ventilation hole Their smooth glow will be seen. If the glow imperceptibly or it pulses, then this is a sign that there are problems with brushes.

Reducer is a very important detail not only the electrical circuit, but also the entire design of the grinder. Its purpose is to serve energy from the rotating anchor to the grinding disk, thus providing its rotation. In fact, it is the gearbox that is responsible for the speed and power of the rotation of the grinding disk of the grinder.

The stator is the most technically complex knot in the electrical diagram of the grinder. All the windings of the anchors and the rotor are pressed into it, which determine their rotation. The coil windings are designed to the last turn. When the stator is output, its rewind is successfully performed - a very rare case. Therefore, if the stator broke into the Bulgarian, it is better not to risk and eliminate its malfunction in the workshop.

Back to the category

Reading the electrical circuit

But know the purpose of the main elements of the tool electrical circuits, you need to read this scheme yet. And although electrical circuit Bulgarian is not the most difficult thing that you can meet from the electrical schemes, but even in it a person, far from electricity, deal without assistance It is difficult.

The grinder scheme is arranged: two stator windings are connected in series through the cable to the network with a voltage of 220 V and electrically not related to each other. Their turning on / off is carried out using a switch mechanically associated with the Bulgarian start button. Each winding through contact is connected to a graphite brush.

Further, the electrical circuit by two parallel windings connected to graphite brushes goes to the rotor, where it closes on the contacts of its collector. It is noteworthy that an anchor winding is a variety of windings, but only two are connected directly to graphite brushes. In 9 cases out of 10, the failure of the grinding machine, as well as any power tool, occurs due to the rupture in the electrical circuit.

To diagnose the chain and detection in it, the faults use a special device - a multimeter. This portable tester will be useful not only for the diagnosis of the grinder, but also any other power tools, up to the wiring in the house.

Testing should always be started at the electric current input site and all the elements of the electrical circuit can be repeatedly called the multimeter. To check the conductivity of electricity, the multimeter should be set in the position of the minimum resistance.

Back to the category

Small fault elimination

If, when you click on the "Start" button, the Bulgarian does not start, it is possible that the reason for the breakage is not too serious and the machine can be fixed on its own. There is a rule of repair of any power tool - move from simple to complex.

In the current situation in 9 cases out of 10, the cause of the fault will be the rupture of the electrical circuit on the site from the power supply to graphite brushes. First of all, you need to remove the casing and check the tester, whether the electricity is supplied to the "Start" button. If a electricity There is no button for the button, it is enough to change the old electric wire to a new one to repair the tool.

If the current enters the starting mechanism, but does not go further, then the problem is in the start button. It needs to be replaced, but it should not be done. First, it is necessary to carefully disassemble the starting mechanism, while not lazy to march the removable contacts. To replace the buttons, any, suitable in size and with similar parameters. You need to be particularly attentive when connecting contacts, since their incorrect installation will surely turn the burnt winding or cracking anchor.

If the electrical wire and the start button in complete service, but the current does not enter graphite brushes, it is necessary to start cleaning the contact plates attached to the collector to the collector. If, after the execution of this procedure, the Bulgarian does not turn on, then the brushes themselves should be changed.

In the household and in industrial production, it is often necessary to carry out cutting and grinding of metal, stone or other solid materials. Very effective for these purposes is such an electric tool like Bulgarian "Interskol" USM-125 / 1100E.

What is this tool?

Angle grinder machine Interskol USM-125 / 1100E is an electronic device. In everyday life, it is often referred to as a grinder and use to work with iron, stone, concrete and other materials. Interskol USM-125 / 1100E - angular use of nozzles with a diameter of 125 mm, with a capacity of 1100 W. It is the products of the Russian company "Interskol". Working with the grinder is not limited to cutting. That electrical device You can also polish and polish the surfaces of the products. Wide multifunctionality in the application is possible due to constructive features and technical capabilities Ush.

Bulgarian "Interskol" USM-125 / 1100E. Design features

Performing grinding and polishing works on surfaces concrete products Often, accompanied by abundant discharge of dust, which is very undesirable for the power tool. The deposited dust adversely affects the operational period of any ush. Bulgarian "Interskol" USM-125 / 1100E is assembled in such a way that the dust generated during polishing / grinding does not penetrate the mechanism. This became possible due to the direction of the anchor impeller, which sends air flow through the front part of the gearbox.

In these corners, the attachment of the gear is carried out by the spindle shaft. The entire mechanism of the Bulgarian OSM-125 / 1100E is assembled in one case, in the rear of which there is a comfortable handle. Dana Bulgarian is a very convenient and powerful machine intended for professional use. Two-handed construction (main handle + extra included) Provides comfort and convenience during the operation of this power tool.

What is equipped with Bulgarian?

Interskol USM-125 / 1100E has an electronic system that allows you to adjust the revolutions (from ten thousand per minute to three) if necessary. The owner of this power tool can reduce them to the required level, without worrying that the power of the grinder will decrease. This quality, which has an intercol grinding machine USM-125 / 1100E, is especially valued by professional tile masters. By lowing the frequency of revolutions, you can easily process the glazed tiles and other delicate surfaces.

In addition to the electronic system, an angle grinder "Interskol" USM-125 / 1100E contains a special fee of a smooth start, which significantly facilitates the process of operation of the grinder. The presence of a smooth start of the system is particularly in demand when working with severe enrolls and diamond nozzles for stone surfaces.

What is ensured by a reliable HSM hold?

Comfort during operation provide special handles - holders. They are equipped with each corner car. Interskol USM-125 / 1100E has another handle, extra. Despite the fact that this electrical displacement is characterized by compact dimensions, allowing it to hold one hand, an additional handle is included in the kit and indispensable for work associated with cutting metal.

Technical indicators

• The power consumes the power tool is 1100 W.
• Voltage - 220 V / 50 Hz. Power comes from the electrical network.
• Rapped frequency - from 3000 to 10,000 per minute.
• The mass is 2.2 kg.
• The power tool is designed for a circle with a diameter of 125 mm.
• The main handle is three-position.
• Smooth start.
• There is a function of adjusting the speed of rotation.
• There is a fixed spindle.

When selling Interskol, USM-125 / 1100E is completed:

• additional handle;
• set of gaskets;
• special key to install disks and nozzles.

Dignity

One of the most reliable and durable products of Russian production is the Bulgarian "Interskol" USM-125 / 1100E. Consumer feedback testify to good work and high reliability of this electric tool.

Among users strong sides This Bulgarian is considered:

• the ability to easily deploy a gearbox 90 degrees in case of an uncomfortable or unusual location of the trigger;
• high power;
• the presence of the revolution regulator. According to consumer reviews, the ability to reduce the frequency of rotation makes this Bulgarian indispensable for such works as stripping welded seams, Rust removal or old paint with metal structures With various grinding circles and nozzles;
• complete set with a long cord materially facilitates carrying and makes it possible to work with a grinder on large distances from the outlet and in other rooms;
• small dimensions and weight allow you to use Interskol USM-125 / 1100E to work with small products, because for this purpose, heavier bulgarians are very uncomfortable;
• the presence of a quick-inside protective casing, for the installation of which the tools are not required;
• the presence of a power unit supporting small revs;
• acceptable cost of products;
• presence of smooth descent;
• the presence of the main handle that can be used in three positions;
• complete set by an additional handle.

Combination of power, dimensions, weight and additional functions - positive traitswhich differs in Interskol's angular grinder USM-125 / 1100E. User feedback confirm the well-deserved popularity of the instrument both among masters professionally applying this EMS in production and among lovers, lovers to make at home.

Disadvantages of USM-125 / 1100E

According to numerous consumers, the weak parties of this Bulgarian are:

• The possibility of breakage preferably this occurs as a result of voltage jumps from 220 to 260 V. In this mode of operation, the regulator breaks quickly.
• High cost of spare parts.
• Bad ventilation and lack of booking on windings. The lack of conducting, according to user reviews, leads to the fact that the engine located inside the Bulgarian burns after several weeks of work. This is due, according to the owners of the instrument, the fact that the plastic cover is weakly protecting the engine from dust.

The long operational period of the USM-125 / 1100E is possible under the condition of high-quality lubrication and timely replacement of its coal brushes and bearings.

Pochinka

Any power tool early or late fails. It is not an exception and "Interskol" USM-125 / 1100E. Repair of this device can be performed independently.

All breakdowns of Bulgarians are divided into mechanical and electric.

For successful I. fast elimination Troubleshooting will need:

• the instruction containing a detailed algorithm for disassembling and assembling the "Interskol" structure of the US-125 / 1100E;
• product scheme;
• rozhkov keys, hammer, vice, press. These tools are used when removing mechanical malfunctions;
• iC-2 tester for detecting short-circuited turns (used with electric breakdowns of bulgaria);
• lubrication, coherent liquid, napkins (auxiliary materials).

Before starting work, you should provide high-quality lighting of the workplace.

Guided by step-by-step instructions and a visual scheme, you can successfully repair the instrument yourself.

Stator breakdown. Signs of malfunction

His burning is considered the most common breakdown of the stator. Preferably, it arises as a result of the warming of the power tool. Before proceeding with the repair of the grinder, it is necessary to inspect the design and determine the nature of the malfunction. With a burnt stator, the rotor of the Bulgarian begins unmanaged to spin.

How to repair?

To begin with, the angular grinding machine must be disassembled and getting a faulty stator from the case. Checking its performance can also be removed from the housing.

But such a procedure is possible only in a specialized workshop. At home, for such an inspection, you can use the special control device for the short-circuited turns of IR-2. It is intended to identify cliffs or short circuits in the stator windings, which is not necessary to extract from the housing. The burned stator needs a new turning or replacement.

How to rewind the stator?

If there is no possibility to purchase a new stator, then you can repair the old, carrying out repair activities that conclude the stator coating with a new winding.

Sequencing:

• from one edge you need to cut the old winding;
• calculate the turns and determine in which direction the winding is made;
• measure the wire diameter;
• calculate the percentage of filling the grooves of the core;
• after removing the spoiled winding, it is necessary to check insulation and clean the grooves, wind the right amount turns;
• wear an insulating wire on the ends of the windings;
• ship the ends of the windings.

When carrying out the stator winding, it is important using an alternating current, perform the impregnation of new windings. After impregnation, traces of impregnation are necessarily cleaned, both inside the stator and outside, on its body. During operation, it is necessary to check from time to time, the rotor inside the stator goes freely.

Trimming Rotor

Causes of faults, several:

• wear of coal brushes;
• stress interruptions and short circuit;
• wearing lamella collector anchor;
• destruction or jamming of rotor bearings.

To eliminate the rotor malfunction you need experience. Best acquire new tool Or repair the angular grinding machine in a specialized service center. If the work is done on your own, it is very important to have required Material And observe the procedure:

• a nut and a knap is unscrewed, fixing the leading conical rotor gear (11);
• the gear is removed from the Rotor shaft (8);
• a rotor from the gearbox housing is dismantled (19);
• with the help of a special puller or remedies (vice, steel strips, hammer), bearings (9) are extracted from it.

What other damage are?

One of the common cessions of electricity are:

1. breakage of coal brushes. With this problem, you can also cope with your own. Procedure:

• the design of the Bulgarian "Interskol" USM-125 / 1100E is arranged in such a way that coal brushes are located in special brush holders. You can get to them after removing the back cover in the stator case;
• unscrew the screws by which the brush holder is attached;
• determine the level of wear of coal brushes. Make it possible after measuring their remaining length. If the brush is in working condition, then its length should be at least 0.5 cm.

2. Cleaning the power cable. This malfunction mainly occurs in the entry places in the tool and in the plug. Clever in these cases problems will not be solved. Faulty electrocabel should be replaced.

Finishing stage

After carrying out all necessary repair activities, the angular grinding machine is collected back in the same sequence as it understood. But before assembly, it is necessary to lubricate all the mechanical nodes of the grinder.

For this purpose, experts recommend lubricants of domestic production. On the shelves of shops selling household electrical appliances, you can find lubricants of foreign manufacturers, but they are much more expensive, although in their quality is not better than domestic. Among a huge selection lubricants You should choose that products that are indicated high rates Adhesion (they are recommended for gearboxes of all grinding angular machines). Such lubricants are high quality connected with the surface.

I gave me a friend to solar * Balgarka *, says: they did it work before, and now it does not work. The machine itself of the old sample I understand that cutting disc It is attached perpendicular to the rotor of the engine (dangerous thing). So when I disassembled it, I discovered that she was trying to repair it to me. Inside, everything on twigs were drove in addition. I need a scheme for connecting this Baida (drawing or sketch) to clearly. The machine includes: stator, rotor (two brushes), condenser with three outputs and the power button. Help please figure out, and then some kind of hat comes out, I took the device and did not.

Connection diagram * Bulgarian * If without smooth inclusion, that's the whole scheme. May break the switch only one wire.

The condenser is obsessed with extreme conclusions on the entrance after the button, the average to the iron stator.

Attached images

Connection diagram * Bulgarian * aha. I understand the engine is connected sequentially. And what does a scheme look like with a smooth start? It would be interesting to see.

Connection diagram * Bulgarian *

Connection diagram * Bulgarian *

or is this connection more complicated and requires additional parts?

Yes, additional parts are required and they can accommodate it in each grinder.

Page 2

Electric motors. PLATES. Connection schemes.

• Mark this forum read

	Sayan author, 20 Sep 2009		+ 201 replies 97922 views
	Author NUB, 22 Jun 2008		+ 167 Replies 104182 views
	Author BIM, 29 Jan 2008		+ 1153 Responses 1506144 views
	Author BIM, 26 Oct 2011		0 Replies 10643 views
	Author NUB, 24 Apr 2008		+ 1178 Replies 572175 views
	Author SEMKO, 18 Jan 2018		+ 16 replies 281 views
	Author ORIO55, 12 Mar 2017		+ 2837 Replies 257834 views
	Author Nikomas, today, 04:16		+ 14 Replies 235 views
	The author of Kotelev, 19 Mar 2015
	By Pavel47, 19 Jan 2018		+ 14 Replies 208 views
	By Lekalschik, 22 Apr 2013		+ 373 Replies 42226 views
	By Treugolnik, 13 Jan 2008		+ 1041 Responses 906891 views
	By Aftaev, 14 Feb 2010		+ 628 Replies 142991 views
	Author Sergeyil, 22 Oct 2014		+ 2107 Responses 295911 views
	Author Timur05, today, 12:22		+ 24 replies 637 views
	Author Ivanivanov76, 20 Jan 2018		+ 66 Replies 1113 views
	Author DOCR, 02 SEP 2012		+ 82 Responses 26528 views
	Author former, yesterday, 16:44
	Author DX1, 07 Jan 2018		+ 76 replies 2477 views
	Author Petrk, 05 Dec 2016		+ 103 Replies 4637 views
	Valen author, 12 Feb 2012		+ 76 replies 39633 views
	By wagner_poma, 26 jul 2013		+ 90 Replies 7055 views
	Author N-S-IV, 25 May 2017		+ 27 Replies 1218 views
	Author Duke_Nuke, 24 Dec 2017		+ 117 Replies 3431 views
	Author Aleksandr16rus, 20 Jan 2018
	Author ArchStyle, 26 Dec 2017		+ 45 Replies 1213 views
	The author IMPartial, 30 Sep 2016		+ 37 Replies 1460 Views
	Author Killdozer, 15 Jan 2018		+ 52 Responses 1448 views
	Author Trefoil, 14 Jan 2018		+ 45 Replies 1062 views
	Author Dr_LAW, 18 May 2010		+ 1852 Responses 453353 views

• You can not create a new topic

www.chipmaker.ru.

Repair corner grinders - do it yourself

Corner grinder Mastermax MCP - 2800

Device corner grinding

The angular grinder in our household use is the necessary power tool. Depending on the establishment of one or another nozzle to the grinders, it is possible to perform a varied amount of work.

In its appearance and design, similar grinders are the so-called grinders consisting of such parts as:

• protective casing;
• ventilation hole;
• push-button switch;
• side handle;
• spindle lock.

The photograph shows the engagement mechanism or in other words - the pairing of the mechanical part of the gearbox with the electric motor.

Reducer and electric motor grinders

For the mechanical part, depreciation is subject to:

• bearings;
• gear gears.

It would believed that give a complete explanation for the mechanical part of the gearbox, it simply does not make sense.

Nozzles to corner grinders have a different range, depending well on the work carried out.

Electrical circuit - corner grinding

We concentrate our attention \\ Fig.2 \\ in the following schematic image, - the principle of operation of the electric motor.

The image of the red arrow in the figure shows the direction of the current, - as it is customary in the section on electrical engineering: "The current in the electrical circuit proceeds from the source \\ clamp \\ with a positive potential to a source with a negative potential. Moreover, the positive potential changes its sign to the opposite - from resistance having a connection in an electrical circuit.

The electrical circuit here closes on the collector, or rather on the contact connections "Winding - collector" \\ for the rotor of the electric motor \\.

That is, the rotor collector through graphite brushes in the scheme - has electrical connection.

The two windings of the electric motor stator are connected in the electrical circuit sequentially.

In his practice, such an electrical connection \\ Fig.2 \\ for all elements of the collector electric motor - I have not met that the wire with one potential has a direct electrical connection with a collector through a graphite brush, and the second wire with another potential had a serial connection through two stator windings. with a second graphite brush.

The most simple and complete explanation of these electrical connections, the electrical circuit of the collector electric motor \\ Fig.3 \\ is directly itself. It is such a compound of all elements typically for grinders engines, where the electrical circuit closes on two rotor windings - in this way.

Motor winding connection

Here we can see that the two windings of the rotor of the electric motor for this site are interconnected between themselves and have a contact electrical connection "collector - brush".

Connection of two rotor windings relative to external source AC voltage - parallel.

From among the causes of motors of the electric motor of the grinders, it is possible to bring such a malfunction as the wear of graphite brushes in contact friction with the electric motor collector.

This detail As among other other parts for power tools, it can be purchased in specialized technical departments.

Diagnostics of the electric motor - grinders

The diagnosis of the electric motor of the grinders \\ Fig.3 \\ should be carried out for individual sections of the electrical circuit of this circuit.

To do this, you will need either the device Oncemmeter or the device multimeter. The device multimeter is pre-measured to measure the resistance - is set to the appropriate position.

To measure the resistance of two separate stator windings, one appliance probe is connected to the brush contact, the other appliance probe is connected to the appropriate pin of the electric fork.

When breaking this section, the device will respectively indicate the absence of resistance.

If working, the device will indicate the resistance of a measured area of \u200b\u200bthe electrical circuit.

The connection of two devices of the device to two pins of the electric fork of grinders, - the instrument display will show general resistance for:

• two stator windings;
• two rotor windings,

That is, it will indicate the total resistance value.

Changing the speed of rotation of the rotor of the electric motor \\ Fig.4 \\ is carried out through the next electrical circuit.

The electrical circuit consists of:

• resistor R1 \\ 0.5 W \\;
• resistor R2;
• resistor R3 \\ 5 W \\;
• diode VD1;
• triode thyristor VS1.

The R2 resistor performs the potentiometer function, at the expense of which the current changes in the load. Load in this explanation, is an electric motor.

Thyristor triode - creates locking current for the opposite direction. Management is carried out through the cathode.

Well, we sorted out in simple electrical circuits. It remains to make your decision in cases of malfunction, - to give the electric motor to repair or fix it yourself.

By contacting the workshop to repair household appliances, you can already set out the cause of the malfunction of your power tools.

That seems to be all.

zapiski-elektrika.ru.

Repair Bulgarian

Anchor is a rotating element of an electric motor containing windings. Sollector is an anchor, to which all windings are derived. It looks like a number of isolated plates.

Reducer - a mechanical device for transmitting rotation with changes in power changes and speed.

The most popular tool in everywhere after a drill is a corner-glare or, as it is called more often, Bulgarian. Bulgarian is used for cutting metals, wood, concrete, grinding of various surfaces, cutting of openings, doors, nose. If there is a Bulgarian, then the application can always be found and it happens especially when it ceases to function normally, jerks, twigs, the smell of Gary appear ...

Bulgarians are all arranged the same: the oblong case in which the engine and the gearbox is located, the knob and the protective cover is screwed on the side.

On the body of the grinder there is a sticker with source data. Here you can find both the personal number of the grinder and supply voltage - 230 V. Here is due to the maximum allowable voltage in the network. Current frequency in the network - 50 Hz. Current consumption - 5 A. Power consumed from the network - 1100 W, it turns out as a product between voltage multipliers (220 V) and current (5 A). The frequency of rotation of the disk installed on the Bulgarian - 2800-11000 rpm. Directly the anchor itself rotates with a greater speed than the disk. Specifically, this grinder is possible a stepped adjustment of the speed of rotation. The disc mounted on the Bulgarian has outside diameter 125 mm, the disk fastening nut has a thread M14.

Household instrument Calculated for phase voltage 220 V has an anchor winding and stator winding. Energy transmission from the network is performed using graphite brushes. The voltage from the network is fed to the switch that is mechanically connected to the turning on the grinder. The stator winding consists of two halves of electrically unlighted. An anchor winding consists of a variety of windings, but at any time the brush is associated with only two anchor windings.

When turning on the grinder, the current is fed to the input of half the stator winding, the output of the stator winding is associated with the brush holder in which the brush is inserted with the spring. The brush transfers the current on half the anchor winding, on the other hand, another brush gets current and through the brush holder transmits a current to another half of the stator winding. The current entered and left the Bulgarian. If the entire electrical circuit is good, then the anchor will start rotation.

Reverse, i.e. Changing the direction of rotation of the disk can be carried out if the wires are switched to brushes from stator windings. Just disconnect the wires on the brushes and change places.

In the end of the body of the Bulgarian, there is a red wheel for stepped adjustment of the speed of rotation of the anchor and the screw for removing the casing.

In this form, the grinders themselves are located inside the case and there are no access to them, but the developers simplified the replacement of brushes when removing the casing. After unscrewing the screw removed the plastic plate and the outer casing shifts towards the cord, exposing all the insides including the brush holders.

The speed control mechanism is electronic. The entire circuit is flooded with epoxy resin and the outside of the speed control and radiator are outward. What is hidden inside - the commercial secret of the company. When the block fails - the speed ceases to be adjusted, but remains at the maximum level. In any case, it is not necessary to despair, and in consistently with the grinder you can turn on the most ordinary dimmer - the light controller. With it, you can adjust the revolutions of any collector AC motor, the main thing is that the engine power does not exceed the dimmer power.

On both sides of the housing there are steel brush holders with springs in the form of a curled steel strip. The spring is needed to hold the brush pressed to the anchor collector even with strong vibrations and heating the anchor itself.

The spring presses the brush and, as the brush, the spring brush is erased, everything lowers in the steel brush holder. Brushes are erased and decrease. When their length becomes insufficient Bulgarian ceases to work. In expensive models inside the brush there is a spring, which repels the brush from the anchor collector. In cheap models, the brushes are not equipped with a built-in spring.

When choosing new brushes, it is better to contact service centres Specifically of your brandy manufacturer. The fact is that also as an artist on the chart chooses twenty-various simple pencils with different softness and producers of Bulgarians specifically develop brushes under a specific type of collector. If you use other brushes, for example, from the generator for a vase, then the anchor will most likely move soon, but at first, as a solution to the problem, such brushes will rise.

The grinding button is a plastic box with a mechanical lever transmission. The box is quite cumbersome to assume that it commutes large current currents and that the button goes not only in this equipment.

In the head part of the grinder there is a gearbox that increases the speed of rotation of the disk to 11000 rpm. The rod of the gearbox on which the disk dresses, contains a cut puck, which firmly sits on the shaft and has a supporting platform with a rubber ring for planting a disk.

Nearby is a foot with propuls, which fixes the protective casing. For greater safety, the protective shield can be shifted with subsequent fixation. The paw is pressed down to the grinder and shifted the shield to the desired level, after which the paw is released and it fixes the shield.

Nuts for fasteners of the disk are self-apparatus SDS and normal with turnkey holes.

Reducer keeps on four screws. If they are promoted and carefully draws up a screwdriver to open the cover, then the gearbox items will appear. The gear on the shaft of the anchor has the left thread and with the help of the threaded with the anchor shaft.

Rolling bearings are applied in the gearbox, i.e. Conventional sleeves are abundant with solidol. The teeth on the model with a capacity of 1,100 W - straight, apparently this is quite enough when plumbing works, but in the models of 1500 watts, gears with crystal teeth are used.

In order to remove the anchor gently remove the brushes, remove the gearbox and stretch anchor from the case for the gear. At the other end of the anchor, the rolling bearing will come close to the cord, which is recessed into the plastic case. To remove anchor you need to pull hard and carefully.

Anchor is a steel rod to which a steel cell typed from the plates is pressed. In the grooves of the cells, the cooles of the copper insulated wire. At the back end of an anchor, called the collector, all ends of the windings are derived. In the front end of the anchor there is a gear for transmitting rotation.

To win in the strength that you want to attach the disk to work use gear gear. For Bulgaris with a capacity of 2 kW, the anchor gear has 10 teeth, and the gear of the circle is 41 tooth. It turns out that at the speed of rotation of the circle 8000 rpm Anchor rotates 8000x41 / 10 \u003d 32800 rpm. If you consider that the number of collector contact plates 36, then 32800x36 / 60 \u003d 19680 Hz. This is approximately the frequency that gives interference to the network and to eliminate which ferrite rings are needed.

The drive gear is located on the shaft. At the production gear heated, and the shaft was cooled. After that, the gear was put on the shaft. The resulting connection is characterized cheap, simplicity and does not even make it possible to remove the gear without damaging the gearbox housing. Heating the assembled part will cause the expansion of both the shaft and gears. The only thing to remove the gear is the puller. At the same time, the captures of the puller paw should be thin and strong to go into a small gap between the case and gear.

The shaft gear is attached to the thread. Probably, the manufacturers counted that the anchor gear is more often scattered than gear gear. On this model of the gear of the axle to increase the output power.

The gear has the right thread. For a surrounding gear, it is necessary to wind it with a rag in order not to break the teeth when unscrewed, clamp the gas key and turn counterclockwise.

After the gear is removed, it becomes clear that the carving is not done all over the height of the gear, but only on it little plot. The plot without thread allows you to put on the gear exactly, without distortion.

Fault		Elimination
Sparkling on the collector, smell, heating the case, the sound of cotton	Polluted collector	Disassemble, get anchor, clean the collector
Burned collector	Replace anchor
Bulgarian does not turn on	Worn brushes	Disassemble and replace both brushes
Slug button	Disassemble, replace the button
Faulty feeding cable	Make a breakdown seat and isolate
Mechanical sound when rotating disk	Worn gear	Disassemble, replace the gear, lubricate with cyatin (solidol, lithol)
The disc is constantly gaining momentum and Bulgarian goes into the separation	Vitkova closure of stator windings of the Bulgarian	Disassemble, replace windings (if it works)

www.volt-220.com

Performance of the repair of the grinder with their own hands

Anyone, even the most reliable tool someday fails, and it happens, as a rule, at the most inopportune moment. Bulgarian repair with their own hands allows you to revive the tool with some small faults. In order to spend at the right time necessary work, you need to know the design of the apparatus and have an idea of \u200b\u200bpossible causes of his breakage. In most cases, the repair of the Bulgarian does not represent much difficulty and can be carried out by any person. Moreover, the tools of different firms differ little from each other, except that layout of parts and appearance.

Bulgarian device.

Tool device

Bulgarian or, more precisely, the angular grinding machine (USM) is based on the transformation of the torque of the electric motor in the rotation of the special disk, the axis of which is perpendicular to the axis of the engine. Depending on the type of disk, the tool allows you to cut or grind the blanks.

The ESM schematic diagram is given by any tool consists of the following main parts: a durable case made of two half, with a handle for ease of operation (or without it); motor different power; electrical part; Reducer with safety clutch. The latter provides a reduction in the speed of rotation and the rotation of its axis by 90 °, and the safety clutch blocks excessive disk acceleration during disorders in the gearbox.

The basis of the gearbox is 2 conical type gears to change the direction of rotation. In devices with a capacity of up to 1.1 kW, the boosted gears on the engine anchor are most common, and with greater power - ososophy.

Bulgarian repair with their own hands allows you to revive the tool with some small faults.

When repairing the grinder with their own hands, it is necessary to initially proceed from two principles: hold an analysis of the circumstances preceding the output of the tool failure, which will help determine the cause, and repair the tool, moving from simple to complex. First you need to eliminate the simplest malfunctions, and then look for more complex breakdowns in a gearbox or electric motor.

The electric part of the grinder is considered the most capricious area of \u200b\u200bthe equipment. Its details can fail when the device is overloaded during operation, water or dust, from the occurrence of overvoltage in the network. In a mechanical system, bearings often become a weak link. The breakdown in this part is caused by a violation of the operating mode, in the gearbox of dirt and foreign objects, insufficient care of the tool (untimely and poor-quality lubrication).

Uninterrupted work of any good grinder depends on compliance the following conditions: The use of the device is only for its intended purpose, compliance with the regulatory specifications, the exclusion of garbage from entering the body and cleaning from dust, high-quality and timely lubrication of the mechanical part of the tool, maintenance according to the applied instructions in full and within the specified time.

The basis of the electrical part is the AC motor by 220 V, consisting of a stator and the rotor. An important element It is a collector through which the electrical voltage on the rotor is carried out with the help of copper-graphite brushes. The start of the electric motor is performed through the starting capacitor. To manage it, a special scheme and a starting mechanism in the form of a push-button switch are collected. Speed \u200b\u200bcontrol performs a mechanism for adjusting rotation revolutions.

Characteristic malfunctions and necessary tools

One of the most common faults is when you click on the Bulgarian start switch does not turn on. When repairing the grinder with their own hands, the following tools and devices will be required:

The diagram of the brine device from the inside.

• tester;
• ommeter;
• megommeter;
• a set of keys;
• screwdriver;
• a hammer;
• pliers;
• vice;
• tweezers;
• scissors;
• soldering iron;
• emery skin;
• tassel.

The first step in determining the cause of such a malfunction is a complete shutdown from the network and attempt to manually rotate the disk. If the disc is not going to rotate or scrolls very tight, then the reason is usually associated with the mechanical part. In the case when the disk rotates freely with hand, you can hope for the elementary reason that causes the non-electricity to the engine.

Attempt to repair the tool begins with checking the integrity of the supply cord and forks. For this, the tester is determined by the wire break, and when it is detected, the cord is simply replaced by a new one.

The next step is to check the push button. After disassembling the starting mechanism, all contacts are checked. Sometimes to eliminate the button malfunction, it is sufficient to clean the contacts with a shallow grinding skin or suck the wires when they are climbing at a connection location with a switch. Most often, the button is not subject to repair and is replaced by a similar power (mark and parameters are shown on the key of the switch).

If checking the cord and the buttons it has established that the cause of the malfunction is not in them, then the next step is made - checking the brushes. They are sufficiently loaded elements during operation, and their periodic wear is a natural process. To check, the body of the grinder is revealed, and the brushes are removed alternately from the brush holders. Wear an assessment is carried out visually: more than 40% is considered critical. Unsuitable brushes to be replaced, and new detail must accurately match the size. At the same time, the state of the collector node is estimated: there should not be burning and damage on the surface. It is advisable to clean the contact surface with alcohol.

Malfunction of the electric motor

The most characteristic malfunctions of the electric motor - a break or short circuit of the turns of the stator or rotor windings. In addition, the causes of failure may be damage to the magnetic pipeline and manifold. To determine the cause, the engine is disassembled, that is, anchor (rotor) is extracted from the stator. First of all, a visual inspection is carried out, which, when a short circuit occurs, easily defines the location of the winding slot.

The cause and place of damage can be determined by the Latr, by direct supply of electricity to the engine (bypassing the electric grinder) and the gradual lift of the voltage up to 240-250 V.

This method detected the following breakdowns:

• the closure between the turns of the rotor winding is manifested by an increase in sparking by collector node. in proportion to the increase in the inlet voltage;
• the characteristic manifestation of the closure is an attempt to rotate the rotor in different directions with a slight voltage;
• crowning a cooler or bad contact of the rotor winding with a collector is detected when a narrow spark on brushes appears, and with a tendency of an increase in proportion to the lifting of the voltage;
• the stator winding breakdown is stated with a hoping increase in spark on one of the brushes with a larger voltage;
• disruption of the rotor balancing is determined by great spark at the collector and noise during rotation.

Another way to determine the loogier of the winding is to measure the insulation resistance to the megommeter. Wire breaks in windings can be detected when measuring the resistance between contacts on the collector using an ohmmeter. The most accurate measurements can be made by the PUNS-5 special device.

Malfunction of the mechanical part

If it is impossible to manually scrolling the disc, twisting it during operation, the absence of rotation under explicit signs of turning on the electric motor (buzz) can be assumed to malfunction of the mechanical part. Most characteristic signs: breakdown or abrasion of gear teeth, jamming or destruction of bearings, jamming gears when foreign items hit.

The estimate of the state of the gear is carried out visually. The presence of uneven wear of teeth or damage to at least one tooth requires the replacement of the gear new, and both gears should be changed simultaneously. An important feature of their destruction is the appearance of characteristic sounds: a grinding, a crash.

Since the beginning of the seventies of the last century, the cutting electric tool from Bulgaria was supplied to the territory of the USSR and other countries. He was distinguished by good quality and was popular, for which he received the brief name "Bulgarian".

Since then, it is much clearer for a Russian man than a technical term - an angular grinding machine or abbreviated ABM. Thanks simple device And the useful features of Bulgarian needed a homemade master for repairing the apartment with their own hands.

How to choose it for your tasks with regard to the fulfillment of specific works, we explain in this article.

Purpose

Bulgarian was originally created for grinding surfaces. But at the expense of significant modernization of the design, it quickly began to perform such useful functions as cutting and processing any building materials, including cement, concrete, brick, tile, slate and all types of metals.

According to methods for performing the work of the ESM, as well as the entire power tools are created for operation in one of two modes:

1. permanent operation in conditions of construction with overcoming maximum loads during the full work shift - professional models;
2. for single use with the organization of interruptions at nominal loads - a household tool.

This one of the important differences must be considered when purchasing. It affects the value of the Bulgarian.

Professional models

So that the tool worked for a long time in extreme conditions and was simultaneously convenient manufacturers use all sorts of technical tricks. For example, slightly reduce the dimensions of the engine and its weight for the stator windings and the rotor allows an isolated copper wire that is not familiar to us round cross section, and in the form of a square.

Even the composition of the plastic for the housing is selected such a design so that it does not transmit high temperature to the operator to the operator to 140 o to 140 ° C and at the same time did not lose its strength.

Dear models of Bulgarians have:

• vibration protection inserts on handles warning the development of occupational diseases;
• sDS quick-inspection nuts that allow you to install workers without using a special key;
• swivel rear handle;
• the rotation function of the gearbox or the ability to rearrange the front handle in one of three positions;
• a special design of bearings, providing balancing the working body;
• a long power cord with a protective layer of durable isolation;
• the ability to regulate the number of revolutions of the working circle and a number of other useful functions.

Household instrument

The grinders of this class are inferior in their characteristics to a professional tool. However, they are issued on strict technical standards, meet safety standards, allow you to perform work in compliance with interruptions.

Device and principle of operation

After connecting the power cord to the voltage of the network and turn on the start button, the rotor of the electric motor begins to rotate. The gear gear at its end transmits the torque working circle.

When rotating under load, the disk material is subjected to significant loads and if the rules for handling it were violated during storage, it may operate on parts.

Automatic Balancing Circle

Wearing the working surface does not always occur evenly. FROM outside Due to blows and uneven loads, small potholes, creating beats, are formed. It is most characteristic of it manifests itself on cutting circles of large diameter.

Such a function facilitates the operation of the operator, allows you to make it better. The presence of auto-balancing indicates the prestige of the Bulgarian model.

Random Protection

When the network voltage disappears for various reasons and re-supplying power to the grinder, an unplanned engine starts, which causes an injury or equipment breakdown. The emergence of such an unpleasant situation manufacturers warned by creating an appropriate blocking.

Engine protection from electrical overload

To implement it uses control by:

1. current flowing in the engine scheme;
2. winding temperature;
3. or both these parameters.

Such protection can only signal the operator about the lighting of the lighting of the bulb or reduce the performance of the grinder by reducing the number of revolutions or a complete stop of the engine.

Among the workers seeking at any cost to quickly perform work at elevated loads, such a function causes irritation. But in general, it allows you to save the resource of the tool and expenditure circles.

Engine protection from overload with random circle jams

During a sharp stop of a circle with an engine running, a strong mechanical blow is transmitted to the latter, which is also felt by a sharp jerk from the operator's hands. Different manufacturers use their technical solutions for smoothing impact. Three options are common technical solutionworking on the basis of mechanics:

1. safety Slip Coupling;
2. centrifugal clutch;
3. sJS spring design.

Slip clutch

The design includes several discs carrying out the clutch of the slave gear with the spindle. They provide an adjustable torque transmission force. When the nominal value is exceeded, the rotor continues rotation, and the working body stops.

The engine in this situation is experiencing a load, but it is less than during the jam.

Coupling centrifugal

Work is based on the transmission of torque due to petals that provide adhesion from centrifugal forces. Torque the working body is transmitted when rotating the rotor and removed when it stops.

SJS function

The coupling performed on this original technology is used in Makita's grinders. It prevents the impact of the blow at the expense of the spring, pressing a small conical gear. This is smoothed by the impetus, and the vibration is reduced at the same time, the smoothness of the working body is ensured.

In individual expensive models of Bulgarians, the engine protection during overloads is carried out by removing the voltage by the built-in electronic circuit.

Fixing switch

This useful function is designed to use the tool with its stationary attachment in the holding mechanism and the supply of the treated surface to the worker. But to use it to remove your finger from the button and it is convenient to cut, we do not recommend.

If the disk is embroiled in the material being processed, it can operate on the part, and Bulgarian will jump out of the hands. The engine from the fixed switch will work. Try to stop it in this situation.

Protection against dust

With a cut or grinding around the circle, the cloud of the smallest particles of the material being processed is formed. It penetrates the enclosure slots, settles on bearings, brushes, collector engine, changes the electrical resistance of conductive circuits up to the creation of the viton closure. To combat dust set:

• fine grids or filters on the ventilation holes;
• armored windings of the Stator and the Rotor Bandage Cordage;
• closed Bearings;
• windings filled with epoxy resins;
• housing of increased tightness.

Automatic shutdown brushes

The function operates on expensive models, allows you to control the slide of the contact surfaces of the brushes to the collector plates of the rotor, save the resource of the engine.

For its implementation, a spring-loaded dielectric pin is introduced into the design of the brush. It controls the degree of wear of the coal electrode and, with a critical reduction of more than 2/3 of the length, presses the contact of the brush from the collector.

The self-disclosure mechanism of the brushes is also used when the oversized potential is supplied when the zero breaks, protecting the engine according to the inclusion of the current circuit.

Dust removal

Try stroke concrete slab In a closed room, and you immediately appreciate the cloud of dust, which is formed when working. Professional instrument It has a flange to which the construction vacuum cleaner is connected, picking up the garbage directly from under the working body and reducing it to the dust collector on the hose.

The function is very useful. But to perform single work on the house, such a Bulgarian is quite expensive. However, you can purchase a special casing for these purposes.

The inner diameter has a built-in metal ring. It is the base for installation on the sleeve and its surface provides accurate center for the axis of rotation at the expense of four protruding teeth.

The side surface of the ring serves to hold it on the surface of the circle. It is not a base surface that ensures the pressed disc inside the flange at least for the reason that the cutting wheel can have a thickness of 1 mm, and the recess in the flange and the nut is about three.

The circle is pressed to the annular protrusion of the flange with its end surface due to the force of screwing the nut, and is held by the plane that creates the greatest moment of resistance - on the periphery.

On the side of the circle there is a picture with technical characteristics. The inner ring, as the picture can be applied on both sides or with one. This marking is specified by the manufacturer not to install the disk, but for other purposes. However, some workers mistakenly believe that it is a reference direction.

Where to send sparks

According to the laws of inertia from the rotating circle, fragments fly. Their high temperature is capable of burning clothes, cause skin burns. If the circle is embroidered in a cut part, it can fall apart on the parts that will fly in the same way. Metal casing is installed on the grinder.

The tool at work should always be positioned so that at any moment the non-standard situation the protective cover will ensure its function as possible - prevented a person's body from the sparks and fragments.

Control of the status of brushes

Lifetime

The resource of the coal electrodes as reliable toxodes is approximately 80 ÷ 120 hours of operation. After this period, wear occurs, they must be changed.

Signs of formation of defects on contacts are:

• the appearance of sparks forming a circular beam on the collector;
• noticeable reduction in engine power;
• the explicit production of the length of coal rods or the formation of chips on the surface of their adjustment.

Press force

Factory adjustment provides optimal contact force between the brush and collector plates. With wear or improper replacement of the brush unit, it is possible to disrupt its impairment or reduction of contact.

Increased presser

Excessive pressure of a solid brush on soft Material The collector plate leading to unnecessary engine parts.

Redued presser

There is an additional electrical resistance on contacts that does not ensure reliable current flow when switching windings located on the rotor. A spark discharge appears, capable of cutting into an arc, damaging brush node, collector, engine.

Therefore, when replacing the brushes, it is necessary to control their effort, use the original spare parts of the manufacturer.

Most instruments used in the farm are not insured against breakdowns. Bulgarians, which are available in almost every wizard, eventually fail. Various models of corner-glasses can be similar to the fault type. But each brand has its own characteristics in the design and components. The famous brand Makita is valued for high quality - durability. However, the devices of this brand also have the property break.

Repairs can be done at home. Spare parts for the car can be easily bought. Before repaired the device, you need to get acquainted with the attached scheme.

Types of Cellular Makita Brand Machines and their features

Based on the diameter of the working circle, grinding devices are divided into classes:

• Easy - possess a circle with a diameter of 115-125 mm. Different with light handling.
• The average - the diameter of the circle is 150-180 mm. There are professional models and household, distinguished motor power.
• Heavy - disk diameter 230 mm. This class represents models for professional purposes when working with concrete, brick, etc. Characterized by the latest protective systems.

Amateur devices differ in power and price. Professional equipment is designed for long-term heavy loads and has an increased power margin. Models with a capacity above 1000 W are equipped with a comfortable rear handle, which is covered with special overlays protecting against vibration.

As for the design of the Bulgarians of this brand, it is characterized by the presence of such additions:

• labyrinth device serving for dirt and dust protection;
• armored coating of motor windings;
• special system for smooth start and overload protection (Super-Joint-System).

Types of damage

Malfunctions when working with ESM Makita can be divided into two types:

• electrical (rotor breakage, stator or defects in control circuit);
• mechanical (Bearing breakage on gear gear).

First you need to inspect the device. The mechanism of work of the grinder lies in the supply of torque from the rotor by means of a gear on the spindle of the working body (the circle, cutting stone).

Sources of breakage can be elevated loads, late replacement of brushes, lubricants. Due to the presence of quick-release protective casing, the Makita models are repaired in a short period of time.

Troubleshooting Control Chains

In the control circuit there are components whose fault can be eliminated independently. The weak place are brushes. Therefore, their check is necessary primarily. And also to check the integrity of the power supply circuits to the switch terminals.

If the fault lies in the breakdown of the switch, then you need to replace it. If the feed wire is damaged and climb, the damaged parts are removed or the entire wire is replaced.

Repair of stator

Appearance unpleasant odor, constant overheating and spontaneous set of speed indicate a breakdown of the stator. A stator can break the winding or a short circuit. Using the tester or device IR-2, you can find a closure. In the event of a malfunction, the new wire should be winding.

Rotor repair

The cause of the breakdown of the angular car may be the failure of the stator. This can be understood by big number Sparks in the collector zone and the smell of burning. The rotor is associated with the gearbox. Therefore, when removal, it is necessary to disconnect it from the gearbox. Rotor repair lies in complex technology. It will be more practical to replace the new part.

The new rotor is placed in the housing with the raised bearings. And also put on the lead gear. Then you should check the basement of the bearing and tighten the nut.

Then the rotor with the gearbox is placed in the stator. In this case, the bearing should be closed with a boot and easily spin.

Repair of reducer

If the gear damage is damaged, the spindle shaft appears. The gearbox begins to climb, and the gear ranks. Repair of the gearbox is usually associated with spoiled gear teeth. With regard to each model of Makita, slave gears are attached either to the shaft, or are pressed on the spindle. In addition to the slave gear, the gearbox consists of a housing and a leading gear. To repair the USM, you need to replace the gears, and the replacement should be replaced. A puller will be required to remove the driven gear. And you can also apply the press. It is not recommended to use the hammer due to the fragility of the enclosure shell.

Features assembly after repair

After searching for the malfunction, the macita grinder is purchased and repair. The following recommendations should be followed:

• start an assembly is necessary with checking parts for integrity and purity;
• the assembly begins with the bearings on the spindle;
• after the bearing, a slave gear is installed;
• the spindle is placed in the gearbox housing, while the rubber ring is used;
• the bolts during the assembly of the gearbox are lubricated by sealant;
• when laying lubrication in the gearbox, the volume of its space is taken into account (the volume of lubricant is 1/3 of the volume of space);
• at the end of the assembly, the gear of the gearbox is checked and the bolts for fasteners are screwed;
• replacing coal brushes occurs after the operation of 7 thousand hours or wear up to 8 mm of length.

Makita Bulgarians are very often subjected to repair procedure due to the high number of fake devices. Frame problem It is a gear damage, namely his gear.

Repair of other brands of ushm

In addition to the popular Makita brand, other grinding devices of Bosch, Sparks, Stern, are known. All of them are distinguished by reliability and ease of use. But the cases of breakdowns are not excluded.

Bosch's grinders often require replacement bearings. The machine mechanism is based on the circle of the spindle shaft, which is pressed into the slave gear. And also it relies on the needle bearing. If the bearing is destroyed, then its foundation gets very difficult. Moreover, the leading gear is fixed to the shaft of the rotor with the left thread. As a result, the nut is fixed. The gear, which is the slave, is pressed on the tree of the spindle.

Redukers Bulgarian Sparks are characterized by a gear pair placed in the body. The slave gear is fixed with a press or a key connected. The key serves a small diameter ball. The leading gear is fixed on the rotor shaft also with a key or a novel nut. While the grinders of this model are distinguished by easy removion of brushes without removal of the handle.

When parsing Bulgarians Stern gearbox can not be taken from the case. During the repair, monitor the key of a small gear, which holds poorly. Lubrication must be changed in a timely manner.

Consider any tool to try and need. Bulgarians do not particularly differ by the mechanism. The scheme is always attached when buying a device. Therefore, carry out the repair of work units with your own hands can any craftsman having required tool and fixtures.