Today everyone has homemade Masters Available required tool For cutting metal, drilling, stripping. But how to be if you need to drill a hole big diameter? After all, the maximum cross section of the usual drill for manual electric drill is only 20 mm.

Fixtures for drilling big holes

There are several ways to drill a hole with a diameter of more than 20 mm. For this, special devices are applied:

• Cone drill. A large number of openings will fail to drill the same size. But for home use quite acceptable. Maximum section - up to 40 mm. The thickness of the processed metal is 5-6 mm.
• Cone stepped drill. More convenient to use, since each step is formed by a smooth spiral transition. When drilling, this makes it easy to track the actual diameter of the opening. With it, you can drill a circle to 40 mm in diameter on metal with a thickness of up to 6 mm.
• Bimetallic crowns are suitable for the preparation of holes up to 109 mm in steel products with a thickness of up to 5 mm. When working, it is strongly recommended to use specialized lubricating and cooling formulations, which will ensure the maximum operational resource of the cutting tool. Also, adapter is needed to install the device to the electric drill. On average, with the help of a bimetallic crown, 5-20 openings can be drilled - depending on its quality, which, accordingly, is reflected in the cost.

How can you drill a large hole without excess costs?

For this method, it will take a small cross section (5-6 mm sufficient) drill, as well as the cutter or the spent circle (corresponding or slightly less than the hole diameter) for the grinder. An option is more time-consuming, so much more time is required.

On the metal harvesting pencil is scheduled for 2 circumference:

• 1 - for the future hole.
• 2 - depends on the cross section of the drill, that is, when using a 6 mm tool, the diameter of the outlined circle will be 6 mm less than the previous one.

On the 2nd circle, it is necessary to put 2 places in opposite places and drill holes with a drill of 6 mm. From the obtained openings on the planned line, it is necessary to retreat approximately 3 mm and put places for the drilling. The holes are drilled along the contour of the entire circumference. If necessary, the remaining areas can be filled with chisel.

The hole will be with jar, so it needs to be crowned. This can be performed by a mill with a cutter, but it is much more convenient - the grinder using the enraged abrasive circles of a suitable diameter. The grinder can be quickly and smoothly crowded the hole to the required diameter.

Therefore, it is not necessary to throw away the spent abrasive circles for the grinder with a diameter of even less than 45 mm - they can always come in handy in the farm.

How to drill a large hole in metal

Now the drilling of the holes for large diameter in the metal is not a serious problem. The main thing is to prepare well. Suppose you need to do a hole in the corner, a channel or mortgage to strengthen construction construction Or suspend the shelf, lamp or pipeline. That is, it is not in the conditions of the workshop or workshop, but directly at the place. The easiest way to drill in such conditions to use the electric drill. But, imagine what pressure on it should be applied to drill a hole with a diameter of 16 or 20 mm? The question is not rhetorical - the effort will be about 40-50 kgf. It is not easy to ensure that the alleged hole is located above the shoulder level of the borler. 10 years ago, if such a task occurs, even professionals resorted to autogen and, submit only to drilling small holes around the circumference of the big one. Today there is a very professional solution for this - a crown drilling that provides the production of holes of 11 qualifications.

However, many are confident that the coroned drilling is a fairly expensive method economically beneficial only under industrial volumes. Is such a statement right? Partly. To date, you can choose several options tool and equipment for drilling a hole in a large diameter metal without reassuring. At the same time, the costs of one hole will be justified even when drilling of just a few holes.

Consider what options tool for drilling through holes large diameter in metal offers market. For comparison, we take the diameter of 51 mm.

First, it is bimetallic crowns. Samples are presented from the cheapest, which are immediately sold by sets and cannot be taken to this review for the reason that their purpose is drilling a tree, and if they are drilled by a metal sheet, it will not be thicker 0.5 mm . At a price of 240 rubles, products with a wall thickness of 1-1.2 mm start, often on it there is a HSS marking - CO 5% and even HSS - CO 8, but judging by the fact that the drilling of one hole in the stainless steel goes more than one such Crowns, cobalt there may be not at all. Twice as good Crowns of more decent quality, really allowing drilling a stainless steel and ordinary steel with a thickness of several millimeters. Bimetallic crowns of this level allow you to drill 5-20 holes in a steel sheet with a thickness of 5 mm. At the same time, the use of any lubricating and cooling composition ensures the achievement of the upper plank of this range. The third steps are bimetallic crowns worldwide famous brandswhich are still more expensive, can be equipped with special devices for quick shift in a drill, but on the resource is not much or do not exceed the average price level at all.

The drilling of a large diameter holes in steel sheets with a thickness of more than 5-6 mm for bimetallic crowns is more difficult, although sometimes you can hear another opinion. It is based on data on the full depth of drilling such crowns - 35-38 mm. As a rule, only sellers of bimetallic crowns, which in the range there is no more worthy tool, risk advise to drill 30 mm sheet or beam so far. The fact is that the bimetallic crown is deprived of the chips in the groove, and as soon as the thickness of the muscles becomes greater than the height of the corton tooth, problems with the chips are taped. In addition, the housing of the bimetallic crown is not quite a cylindrical shape, it causes a stirring in the metal of solid thickness.

Unlike bimetallic crowns, crowns with carbide teeth Provide more accurate drilling. The housing of the carbide ring saw is accurate, while the bimetallic crown rolled out of the tape and welded into the ring. There are several types of carbide drilling crowns. Without deepening in the types of shanks and fastening types, we will analyze only the cutting part. The most expensive part of the crown is a solid alloy teeth. From the quality of the material, the speed of drilling, stroke resistance, crown resource and the ability to drill alloyed steel with high chromium was depends.

The second feature on which attention should be paid is a shape of a tooth and its size. For drilling of thin-grained steel, fine stainless steel and non-ferrous metals, a narrow tooth with a flat profile is used, slightly bevelled inside. These crowns also do not have a chips in the groove, and the metal to drill them thicker the height of their tooth will not work. The price of such crowns is two to three times higher than in bimetallic crowns, depending on the design of their housing, they can be designed to drill flat materials or to drill pipes and profiles. Since that professional samples, Currently, their fakes are not much common, and almost all samples of acceptable quality in the market, but excellent quality It is necessary to choose from producers specializing in these products.

Thirdly metal can be drilled with crowns with sharpening trees. In such crowns, each second or, as a rule, one of three consecutive carbide teeth is sharpened in its own way. It provides a soft cutting, lack of vibration, reducing the load on the cutting edges and, as a result, an increase in the rowing resource. In such crowns, there is a short or long, almost all over the height of the wall shabby groove. The first version of the crown allows you to drill a metal with a thickness of up to 12 mm, and more powerful crowns with a developed chip-carrying groove - up to 25 mm. It is this embodiment of a tool for drilling a hole in a large diameter metal is the most progressive, providing better performance and quality. The price of such crowns is 20-30% higher than that of thin-walled and in the absolute value of 1880 - 1910 rubles, as we agreed, for the crown with a diameter of 51 mm. As well as everywhere in nature, there are deviations in one direction or another to 2 times, but, as usual, we are considering building a golden middle.

An option in which the metal is rather thick, say 10 mm, and the diameter of the opening 20-25 mm can be solved by a carbide crown with a pilot drill. A drilling machine on a magnetic sole is recommended as a drive. But you can use the electric drill. With the mentioned attachment machine, 21 164 rubles without VAT, and with a drill - thousand 5,000 - 5,500.

For a hole with a diameter of 50-60 mm, with such a metal thickness, the use of a magnetic or stationary drilling machine is unambiguously required. A large load determines the greater value of investments in the equipment, and together with the crown will be about 56,000 rubles, or the option with a magnetic rack of drilling machine and a separately acquired drill of about 50,000. Drill such holes with a drill with hands - the occupation is not only heavy, but also dangerous .

The drilling of a manual electric drill in metal with a thickness of up to 5 mm of a large diameter holes is not possible when using both bimetallic and carbide crowns. The tool selection is carried out depending on the required accuracy. When drilling holes with bimetallic crown, the ovality of the holes and an increase in the diameter from the desired can reach 4% or in absolute terms - 2 - 3 mm. When drilling a carbide crown - only 0.6 - 1 mm. In addition, all carbide crowns presented in the review, and almost all that are in the market of crowns for metal, drilled and stainless steel.

Drilling of holes in metal - Tools and fixtures

Metal processing is produced not only in industrial conditions. When performing repair work on the car, the manufacture of structures on the nursery or carrying out the repair of the home, the drilling of holes in the metal is necessary. At home, a manual drill is most often applied.
This universal tool requires certain skills to work with solid products. You can purchase, or make an independent machine for drilling holes in the metal, but it is not cheap pleasure.

The technology of drilling holes in the metal is to remove the thin layer of material due to the simultaneous and rotational movement of the drill.

The main condition for high-quality and safe (for tool) processing is the hold of the axis of the cartridge in a fixed position. With the help of the machine, it is easy to maintain straightness, which you can not say when working with a hand tool.

If you are not sure of the hardness of the hands (this is a normal situation for an ordinary person), mechanical assistants are required for drilling at a right angle.

Immediately disclaim that additional conductors are required only in the case when the metal thickness exceeds the diameter of the drill.

If you make a hole in a thin steel plate, straightness does not matter.

Devices for drilling perpendicular holes

There are several varieties of guides for manual electric drills. Mechanical drive tools are poorly suitable for work with metal, especially if it comes to accuracy.

1. Conductor for drilling. It is made in the form of a housing, convenient for retaining, inside which are placed sleeve-guides for drills of different diameters.

The material of the bushings is harder tool, so the holes are not wearing. By installing the conductor exactly above the center of the alleged hole, you can not worry about what the drill will "lead" from the specified direction.

This device is particularly useful when drilling perpendicular holes in small diameter pipes, when the tip strives to slip from the cylindrical surface.

The carriage with the fixed tool (for the same neck) moves on the rod with the lever. The billet is firmly held on the sole with the help of vice or clamp. The quality of drilling is very high, but also the cost of adapting a considerable one. Although in comparison with the drilling machine is cheap.

The device for holding drill at right angles can be made independently. It is enough to screw the holes of various diameters in Broke from durable material, for example, textolite or ebonite.

Only on lateral support should not be expected - it is rather "device" for visual control. With lateral deviation, the drill will quickly break the guide hole in the conductor.

Next problem - the drilling of deep holes

Technologically correct will be turning machine. Moreover, when processing cylindrical parts (for example, a weapon trunk), a blank rotates, and the drill remains fixed. Required cooling and compulsory chip discharge from the hole.

For this drill for deep drilling, special grooves on the surface have special grooves, or the bob is periodically removed from the billet for cleaning from chips.

At home, be sure to use the guides for a drill. The masters recommend not to drill holes, a depth of more than 2/3 from the length of the drill. As cooling, you can use conventional water, the drill is periodically removed from the chip and cooling hole.

Important! When drilling for several approaches, it is unacceptable to change the angle of drill. Otherwise, you can "lock" the workpiece.

The use of special long drills requires special technology.


As soon as the cutting part, together with the discharge edges, hides in the hole, the chips will block the grooves, and block the rotation. Therefore, on last stage Removing the drill and purification from chips are performed more often.

Drilling of high-diameter holes in metal

Drilling of large holes in metal with a bimetallic crown - video

This procedure is even more difficult than deep drilling. The drilling of large holes is performed either with a crown (for small thicknesses) or regular drill In several stages.

The technology is the same as in the phased passage. You blend the drill into the hole until you achieve the desired size.

Review of conical stepped drills and tips on their use - video

A few more examples of applying a stepped drill in everyday life

Drilling a stepped metal drill with a thickness of 10 mm

How to choose a tool for drilling holes, we disassembled. Now let's talk about general principles Metal processing:

1. The center of the future hole "breaks through" kerner. The tip of the drill is resting in the hole at first turns. Of course, with the presence of guides or conductor, it is not necessary to do
2. To achieve high accuracy (in diameter), you should choose a drill by 0.1-0.3 mm less. Due to a small vibration in the cartridge, the diameter increases slightly
3. Use lubricant to reduce friction and cooling. Suitable ordinary water Or machine oil
4. At the first signs of bungeing the drill, stop the work and sharpen the edge. Otherwise you can not only lose the tool, but also spoil the workpiece
5. When drilling hollow billets (pipes, boxes), it is advisable to put inside the workpiece of the strut
6. For drilling deaf holes, a stop line with marking is used. If your drill is not equipped with an emphasis - wrap the indicator ring with a light tape.

Interesting video on the topic: How to drill a square hole in the metal

Alexander | 04/24/2017 11:09.

Review of the conical stepped drills and tips on their use.
Very weak review. No recommendations for use.
These drills should be operated on low revs. About 200.
On large turns (from 400 and higher), they are "licking" and come into disrepair.
These drills are designed more for a cold-rolled metal sheet to 3 mm.

sposport | 04/24/2017 14:50

Hello, Alexander. I understand, are you talking about the video review of the conical stepped drills? For the very topic is much wider. Thank you for your remark. We will select a review of more interesting.

How to make a large hole in metal

Big hole in metal

If you have a need to drill a large diameter holes, do not rush to spend money on the tool. Consider all options. It is possible that the tool that is suitable in one case is completely useless in the other.

Cone drill

The drill is more suitable for home use. Since, drilling a large number of accurate diameter holes will be very difficult.

In this case, it is better to use a cone stepped drill.

Cone stepped drill

The most popular twisted with a diameter of 0t 6 to 30 mm. (less often up to 40 mm.) In step 2 mm. That is, 6, 8, 10, 12 mm. etc.
Usually used for drilling sheet metal Thick up to 2 mm. and plastic thick up to 5 mm. The indisputable advantage of this drill is that for 1500 ─ 3000 rubles. You buy about 10 ─ 15 diameters.

If, when drilling plastic, the drill behaves very well, then the drilling of the holes for large diameters in the metal is associated with some difficulties:
With large volumes of work, a 6 mm drill is quickly stuck.;
The drilling of the holes of large diameters requires significant physical effort.

Crown on metal.

Large holes in metal, plastic, wood, etc., with a diameter of 19 to 102 mm. It is convenient to do with the help of the bimetallic crown of the company HILTI.

Crowns showed itself very well when drilling large number Holes for fittings in metal boxes for the cable (metal thickness is 2 mm.).

A clear plus is that the crown is collapsible. If a centering drill breaks or breaks, the replacement price is about 250 rubles.

But for each diameter will have to use a separate crown, the price of which (depending on the diameter) from 400 to 1200 rubles. Add 1000 rubles here. on the adapter.

Press for holes

Above the considered tools, for drilling large holes in the metal, have one significant disadvantage: very sharp edge. When laying a cable or wires without fittings, it may become a serious problem.

To get an ideally smooth edge, it is better to use the press for holes. It costs a little more than 11,000 rubles. But in the set you get 8 nozzles with a diameter of 16.2 to 47 mm.
Without much efforts, a large number of holes in the metal with a thickness of up to 3 mm makes itself.

One refinement: In the instructions for the press PGRO-60 kW, it is said that after punching the hole, you need to stop the discharge. As practice has shown, it is better to make another compression with handles of the press. It is easier to remove the cut metal from the matrix.

How to drill a metal drill - a detailed step-by-step instruction

Drill the metal drill is somewhat more complicated than a tree, brick or concrete. There are some features.

Practical advice on this type of work We combined for convenience in step-by-step instructions.

1. You will need such tools: drill, drill, coolant (better machine oil, but can be water), kerner, hammer, safety glasses.
2. When drilling a metal on a horizontal surface, under the product put the wooden bar and fix it as much as possible. When working in a vertical position, rigid fixation is extremely important, since it is necessary to drill strictly perpendicularly.
3. We make markup, after that, with the help of Kerner and the hammer we plan the center of the future hole.
4. In a small container, we pour cooling fluid.
5. We put on safety glasses.
6. We start drilling. Do not have a strong pressure on the drill, because it is better to work on small turns. If the drill is powerful, then the way of short-term inclusions will suit, while the tool did not have to dial maximum turns.
7. Do not forget to cool the drill as often as possible .
8. When the drilling occurs is not strictly perpendicular, but at an angle, then the likelihood that the drill is properly. If this happens, then place the switch to the reverse position. So you will avoid injuries and do not break the drill.
9. If everything was done correctly, even in household conditions with a low-power drill, you can drill a hole in metal with a thickness of up to 5 mm inclusive and diameter up to 10-12 mm. We will tell about more complex tasks below.

Metal drilling work

Is it possible to drill a metal drill on concrete?

It is possible, but it is in case of extreme need for shallow holes with a small diameter. Unprofitable.

It is better to use or standard metal rods with a brand of steel R6M5 or improved - P6M5K5.

The letter K in the marking indicates that this is an alloy with the addition of cobalt. You can find the drill on the market, which is called "cobalt". For all manufacturers, we will not vouch, only we note that reviews on practical application In the overwhelming majority of cases - positive.

How to drill a stepped metal drill?

Step twisted universal - just one can do holes different diameter (from 2 to 40 mm). They are most effective when working with a thin metal when you need to get a neat edge. Better fixed in the cartridge, they are easier to sharpen, and therefore properly operation Serve longer, but also cost more than ordinary. In the work with them, the principles are the same, but it is easier to drill the holes of a large diameter than ordinary spiral rollers.

Is it possible to drill metal to drill the drill?

The principle of operation rolled down the metal - cut, and with a defender attack the materials crushed. For this, brick, concrete, stone suitable for this. Therefore, as mentioned above, the drill on concrete. Of course, you can drill metal, but it will quickly come into disrepair and the victorious attack collapses.

The larger the diameter of the hole? The smaller should be rev. The more depth? Thus, it is gradually necessary to reduce the pressure on the drill. When the drill diameter up to 5 mm, the torque should not be higher than 1200-1500 rpm. Accordingly, 10 mm in diameter - no more than 700 rpm, 15 mm - 400 rpm.

How to drill holes in a metal diameter metal?

As a rule, most drills for household use with a capacity from 500 to 800W, which allows drilling holes with a diameter to 10-12 mm. In metal with a thickness of up to 2 mm using a stepped rolling, you can make holes up to 40 mm. With a thickness of 3 mm, bimetallic crowns are better.

When drilling deep holes, any tool may sometimes need a magnet to remove the chips.

Metal drilling process

Special attention should be paid to the safety technique, be sure to take care of the chips, and if there will be a skew and jamming - immediately turn off the drill and move the torque to the reversible movement.

In the absence of electricity or when the noise of the working tool can prevent others ( read. When can I do the repair to not quarrel with the neighbors?) - An ideal solution when drilling a metal will be a manual mechanical drill, the so-called coft. Low speed and pressure, no overheating, just what is needed. Of course, there are also minuses - time costs and fast fatigue. Such a simple "grandfather" method can drill holes with a diameter of up to 10 mm.

We hope our tips will be useful to you.

Additional information in this video.

The drilling of through holes in metal blanks is performed by various tools using special techniques. Many specialists in performance engineering work You have to drill holes in metal structures quite often. These items have high elasticity, which forces the use of special cutting fixtures when drilling.

Types of drills and appliances for drilling for metal

Required devices for drilling metal products - electric and hand drills, as well as drilling machines. Working part of such devices - drillings of various forms:

• spiral;
• screw;
• coronalidal;
• conical;
• flat;
• cannon;
• rifle;
• centering;
• step.

Each drill has an individual marking, where the cross section diameter and the type of alloy is indicated on the tip from which it is manufactured. To drill the opening of the required diameter, the drill is necessary for several tenth millimeters already.

The drills are classified and in length:

• short;
• elongated;
• long.

To drill some materials, it may be necessary to drill a special sharpening with a diamond tip. With products from thin-leaf alloys, spiral drills may not cope. In some cases, for drilling deep holes, the product has to be recorded in vice, stops, conductor, corners with fasteners. This is done in order to safety and get high-quality openings.

Drilling modes of holes in metal products

For drilling through holes in metal products It is extremely important to pre-prepare for the process. In the instrument, you must correctly fix and send the drill. You need to adjust the frequency of rotations and other parameters. For too durable products it is recommended low speed Drill rotation. Indicator right drilling There should be a uniform long chips.

Types of holes and methods of their drilling

In some work, the following types of holes in metal blanks are often needed:

1. Through. Pursed metal blanks completely. It is important to ensure the protection of the surface of the machine from the random yield of the drill outside the product to avoid damage to the drill and the occurrence of sowing on the blank. Ideal for such types of work workbenches with holes where there is an opportunity to put under the preparation wooden gasket. Holes in thin dwarfs are drilled by flat drills, because the spiral drill is capable of noticeably destroying the edges of the product.
2. Deaf. Performed on the necessary depth, not permeating the product through. In this case, an important point is to measure the depth, which is convenient to do, having limited the length of the drill focus on the sleeve or the cartridge of the drill with the fixing focus. Professional machines are equipped automatic systems Feed to the specified permissions, which allows you to fix the depth of the drill clock.
3. Deep. To this type of holes include those drills in which the length is five times higher than the diameter. When drilling deep holes, it is necessary to periodically eliminate the resulting chips using additional lubricants. It is often necessary to provide measures to ensure the cooling of the drill and the product itself, the temperature of which is rapidly rising until too high rates As a result of friction. This concerns billets from high-strength alloys. For deep holes use spiral drills.
4. Wide diameter. Drills of large diameter holes in products of large proportions is a very responsible and time-consuming process. For such holes, cone, coronal or stepped drills are used. Experts carry out abillation on low turnover of the instrument, trying to ensure the safety of the edges of the workpiece.
5. Complex shape. Sometimes it is necessary to carry out the drilling of end-to-end or deaf holes in the billets of different density under internal thread. The technology has to be divided into two actions: preliminary training Places and drilling itself.
6. Half. Half blanks are drilled by filling the cavity of wood. The pin-down holes can be obtained by one of two techniques: multiple diameter drill (passing the drill of a smaller diameter for the entire depth of the workpiece with the subsequent drill reassurance larger diameter) and a decrease in diameter (driving to the desired depth of a larger diameter, followed by a smaller diameter drill replacement). As a result, the hole is clearly centered.

Safety when drilling holes in metal blanks

Bring out the drilling of holes in metal blanks with high caution, not allowing the rapid destruction of the drill. Compliance with uncomplicated rules when drilling will ensure security and will give guarantees of the efficient product at the end of the work:

1. On the eve of drilling, it is necessary to carefully check the fixation of all mounting devices on the machine.
2. You can proceed to work in special clothes to eliminate the hitting of any elements for moving parts of the machine. Eyes from hitting metal chip Protect special glasses.
3. At the entrance of the tip of the drill to a metal workpiece, it should already rotate on small circulation to avoid blunting.
4. Leaving drill out drilled hole It should be gradually, reducing turnover, but without stopping completely.
5. When the tip of the drill is not plugged into the workpiece, you will have to check the strength of the metal. When conducting over the surface, a file can determine the degree of strength. If the roughness on the alloy does not remain, you need to select a drill with a diamond tip or from a more solid material, and drill on small circulation.
6. Little diameter drills that are hardly fixed in the cartridge, it is recommended to wrap on the tail brass wire to increase the diameter of the girth.
7. If the work is carried out with a polished workpiece, you can wear a felt washer on the base of the drill to avoid damage when contacting the drill patron.
8. Fissure or leather gaskets are used for fixing metal blanks from polished or chrome steel.
9. When the deep holes are dried, a small fragment of the compressed foam placed on the drill will ensure a mix of metal chips. Also, the foam will give the ability to plunge the drill to the required mark in the production of deaf holes.

The power of electrical drills should be taken into account when drilling holes in metal blanks of various hardness. Electrical tool manufacturers label instruments, pointing specifications on their housing. For drills of different power, the drills of the corresponding diameter are assumed.

Any, including drilling, you can trust the specialists from the company Proflselzermet. We ourselves define the desired hole diameter and pick up a suitable tool that we have big choice. In the end you will get perfect solution in short time.

Work on the drilling of holes in the metal, depending on the type of holes and properties of the metal, can be performed different tool and using various techniques. About drilling methods, tools, as well as safety techniques When performing these works, we want to tell you.

Drilling holes in metal may be needed when repairing engineering systems, household appliances, car, creating structures made of sheet and profile steel, designing aluminum and copper crafts, in the manufacture of boards for radio equipment and in many other cases. It is important to understand which tool is needed for each type of work so that the holes are the desired diameter and in a strictly intended place, and what safety measures will help to avoid injury.

Tools, fixtures, drills

The main tools for drilling are manual and electric drills, as well as, if possible, drilling machines. The working body of these mechanisms is drill - may have a different form.

Distinguish drills:

• spiral (most common);
• screw;
• crowns;
• conical;
• pern, etc.

Production cut various design Normated numerous gtales. Up to Ø 2 mm are not labeled, up to Ø 3 mm - on the shank it is indicated by a cross section and steel brand, large diameters may contain additional information. To obtain a hole of a certain diameter, you need to take a drill for several tenth millimeters less. The better the drill is sharpened, the smaller the difference between these diameters.

Rolls differ not only with a diameter, but also length - short, extended and long. Important information It is the limiting hardness of the metal being processed. The shank rolled can be cylindrical and conical, which should be borne in mind when selecting a drilling cartridge or transition sleeve.

1. Drill with a cylindrical shank. 2. Drill with a conical shank. 3. Drill with switches for thread. 4. Center drill. 5. Drill with two diameters. 6. Centering drill. 7. Conical drill. 8. Conical multistage drill

Some works and materials require a special sharpening. The stringently the metal processed, the sharper the edge should be sharpened. For a thin metal, the usual spiral drill may not come up, you will need a tool with a special sharpening. Detailed recommendations for of different types Rolls and processed metals (thickness, hardness, type of hole) are quite extensive, and we will not consider them in this article.

Different types of drill sharpening. 1. For rigid steel. 2. For stainless steel. 3. For copper and copper alloys. 4. For aluminum and aluminum alloys. 5. For cast iron. 6. Bakelit

1. Standard sharpening. 2. Free sharpening. 3. Diluted sharpening. 4. Heavy sharpening. 5. Separate sharpening

To secure parts before drilling, vice, stops, conductors, corners, bolts, and other devices are used. This is not only a safety requirement, it is actually more convenient, and the holes are obtained better.

To remove the champers and processing the channel surface, use the cylindrical or conical shape, and for the point of the point under drilling and the drill "not jumped" - the hammer and kerner.

Tip! The best swells are still considered to be issued in the USSR - the exact following GOST according to the geometry and composition of the metal. Good and German Ruko with titanium spraying, and also rolled from Bosch - Verified quality. Good feedback About Haisser products - powerful, usually large diameter. A dignity showed themselves the bison, especially the Cobalt series.

Drilling modes

It is very important to securely fix and send the drill, as well as select cutting mode.

When performing holes in the metal drilling, important factors are the number of drill speeds and feed force attached to the drill, directed by its axis, ensuring the drill tolerance at one turn (mm / O). When working with various metals and swells, various cutting modes are recommended, and the more hard-processed metal and the larger the diameter of the drill, the smaller the recommended cutting speed. The correct mode indicator is beautiful, long chips.

Take advantage of the tables to choose the right mode and do not fasten the drill prematurely.

Table 2. Correction factors

Table 3. Turns and feed with different diameter of drill and drilling carbon steel

Types of holes in the metal and methods of their drilling

Types of holes:

• deaf;
• cross-cutting;
• half (incomplete);
• deep;
• large diameter;
• for internal threads.

Threaded holes require the definition of diameters with tolerances set in GOST 16093-2004. For widespread hardware, the calculation is shown in Table 5.

Table 5. The ratio of metric and inch threads, as well as selection of the size of the hole for deploying

Through holes

Through holes permeate the workpiece completely, forming a passage in it. The peculiarity of the process is to protect the surface of the workbench or countertops from the release of the drill beyond the workpiece, which can damage both the drill itself, as well as supply the billet "Busken" - GARTA. To avoid this, the following ways are used:

• use workbench with hole;
• put under the part for a piece of wood or "sandwich" - wood + metal + tree;
• put under the part metal bar with a hole for the free passage of the drill;
• reduce the feed rate at the last stage.

The last method is required when driving holes "at the place" so as not to damage closely located surfaces or parts.

The holes in the thin metal metal are cut with perovy rods, because the spiral drill hurts the edge of the workpiece.

Deaf hole

Such holes are performed on a certain depth and do not permeate the workpiece through. You can measure the depth in two ways:

• limiting the length of the drill in the sleeve focus;
• limiting the length of the drill with a cartridge with adjustable focus;
• using a ruler fixed on the machine;
• combination of methods.

Some machines are equipped with an automatic feed system to a predetermined depth, after which the mechanism stops. In the process of drilling, you may need to stop working several times to remove the chips.

Holes of complex shape

Holes located on the edge of the workpiece (half) can be performed by connecting the edges and pressing two blanks or blanks and gasket and driving a complete hole. The gasket must be made of the same material as the workpiece being processed, otherwise the drill will "leave" in the direction of the smallest resistance.

The through hole in the corner (profile metal) is performed by fixing the workpiece in the vice and using a wooden gasket.

It is more difficult to perform the drilling of a cylindrical billet by tangent. The process is divided into two operations: preparation perpendicular opening of the site (milling, zenkovka) and the actual drilling. The drill of the holes in the surfaces located at an angle are also starting from the preparation of the site, after which the wooden gasket is inserted between the planes, forming a triangle, and drilled the hole through the angle.

Hollow parts are drilled by filling out the cavity of the tube from the wood.

Holes with ledges are obtained using two techniques:

1. Crew. The hole is drilled over the entire depth of the smallest diameter drill, after which it is drilled to a predetermined depth of the cooler with the diameters from smaller to more. The advantage of the method is a well-centered hole.
2. Reduce diameter. The hole of the maximum diameter is drilled on the predetermined depth, then the roller change with a sequential decrease in diameter and the recess of the hole. In this case, the method is easier to control the depth of each stage.

1. Development of the hole. 2. Reducing diameter

Large diameter holes, ring drill

Obtaining a large diameter holes in massive blanks, a thickness of up to 5-6 mm, the case is time consuming and cost. Relatively small diameters - up to 30 mm (a maximum of 40 mm) can be obtained using cones, and better step-conical swells. For larger diameter holes (up to 100 mm), hollow bimetallic crowns or crowns with carbide teeth with a centering drill will be needed. And the masters traditionally in this case recommended Bosch, especially on a solid metal, for example, steel.

Such an annular drilling is less energy-proof, but may be more costly financially. In addition to the roller, the power of a drill and the ability to work at the lowest revs. Moreover, the thickness of the metal, the stronger the hole in the machine will want, and with a large number of holes in a sheet with a thickness of more than 12 mm, it is better to immediately look for such an opportunity.

In a thin-plate billet, a large diameter hole is obtained using narrow-grained crowns or cutter, fixed on the "Bulgarian", but the edges in the latter case leave the best.

Deep holes, coolant

Sometimes it is required to perform a deep hole. In theory, it is a hole, the length of which is five times more diameter. In practice, deeply called drilling, requiring forced periodic removal of chips and the use of coolant (lubricating and cooling fluids).

In the coolant drilling is needed primarily to reduce the temperature of the drill and billets, which are heated by friction. Therefore, when obtaining holes in copper, which has a high thermal conductivity and itself is capable of removing heat, coolant can not be applied. Cast iron (except high-strength) is concerned relatively easily and without lubrication.

Industrial oils, synthetic emulsions, emulsols and some hydrocarbons are used in production. In domestic workshops you can use:

• technical Vaseline, castor oil - for soft steels;
• laundry soap - for aluminum alloys of type D16T;
• kerosene mixture with castor oil - for duralumin;
• soap water - for aluminum;
• skipidar, diluted with alcohol - for silumin.

Universal cooled liquid can be prepared independently. To do this, it is necessary to dissolve 200 g of soap in a bucket of water, add 5 spoons of machine oil, can be used, and boil the solution until a soapy homogeneous emulsion is obtained. Some wizards to reduce friction use pork fat.

Deep holes can be performed with solid and annular drilling, and in the latter case, the central rod formed by the rotation of the crown is not entirely, and with parts, weakening it with additional holes of the small diameter.

The solid drilling is performed in a well-fixed billet with a spiral drill, in the channels of which is supplied. Periodically, without stopping the rotation of the drill, it is necessary to extract it and purify the cavity from the chips. The work with a spiral drill is performed in stages: first they take a short and screw the hole, which then bueys the corresponding size drill. With a significant depth of the opening, it is desirable to use guide conductor sleeves.

With regular deletion of deep holes, you can recommend the purchase of a special machine with automatic coolant feed to the drill and accurate centers.

Drilling on markup, template and conductor

You can drill holes by setting up or without it - using a template or conductor.

Marking is performed by kerner. The hammer impact is planned for the tile of drill. Feltaster, too, you can mark the place, but the hole must also be so that the tip does not move from the intended point. The work is performed in two stages: pre-drilling, control of the opening, final drilling. If the drill "left" from the planned center, a narrow chisel is made of notches (grooves), sending the edge to a specified place.

To determine the center of the cylindrical billet, use a square piece of fusions bent under 90 ° so that the height of one shoulder is approximately one radius. Applying a corner from different sides of the workpiece, swipe along the edge. As a result, you have an area around the center. You can find the center by theorem - the intersection of perpendicular from two chords.

The template is needed when performing a series of uniform parts with multiple holes. It is convenient to use it for a pack of thin-leaf blanks, connected clamps. So at the same time, you can get a few drilled blanks. Instead of a template, sometimes the drawing or scheme is used, for example, in the manufacture of parts for radio equipment.

The conductor uses when the accuracy of the detention of distances between the holes and the strict perpendicularity of the channel is very important. When drilling deep holes or when working with thin-walled tubes, in addition to the conductor, guides can be used, locking the position of the drill relative to the metal surface.

When working with power tools, it is important to remember the safety of a person and premature the premature wear of the instrument and a possible marriage. In this regard, we collected some useful tips:

1. Before work, you need to check the attachments of all items.
2. Clothing when working on a machine or with an electric drill should not be with elements capable of entering rotating parts. Eyes from chips protect the glasses.
3. The drill when approaching the metal surface should be rotated, otherwise it quickly fills.
4. It is necessary to remove the drill from the hole without turning off the drill, if possible, reducing turnover.
5. If the drill does not deepen into the metal, it means that its hardness is lower than that of the workpiece. Increased hardness in steel can be revealed by spending on a sample with a file - the absence of traces indicates increased hardness. In this case, the drill must be chosen from solid alloy with additives and work on low revs with a small feed.
6. If the small diameter drill is poorly fixed in the cartridge, wrap on its shank several turns of brass wire, increasing the diameter to capture.
7. If the surface of the workpiece is polished, wear the felt washer on the drill to be guaranteed not to apply scratches even when contact with the drill patron. When fixing billets from polished or chrome steel, use gaskets from fabric or skin.
8. In the manufacture of deep holes, a rectangular piece of foam plastic, planted on the drill, can serve as a meter and simultaneously, rotating, blow up a small chips.

Metal processing is produced not only in industrial conditions. When performing repair work on the car, the manufacture of structures on the nursery or carrying out the repair of the home, the drilling of holes in the metal is necessary. At home, a manual drill is most often applied.

This universal tool requires certain skills to work with solid products. You can purchase, or make an independent machine for drilling holes in the metal, but it is not cheap pleasure.

The technologies of drilling holes in the metal is to remove the thin layer of material due to the simultaneous translational and rotational motion.

The main condition for high-quality and safe (for tool) processing is the hold of the axis of the cartridge in a fixed position. With the help of the machine, it is easy to maintain straightness, which you can not say when working with a hand tool.

If you are not sure of the hardness of the hands (this is a normal situation for an ordinary person), mechanical assistants are required for drilling at a right angle.

Immediately disclaim that additional conductors are required only in the case when the metal thickness exceeds the diameter of the drill.

If you make a hole in a thin steel plate, straightness does not matter.

There are several varieties of guides for manual electric drills. Mechanical drive tools are poorly suitable for work with metal, especially if it comes to accuracy.

1. Conductor for drilling. It is made in the form of a housing, convenient for retaining, inside which are placed sleeve-guides for drills of different diameters.


The material of the bushings is harder tool, so the holes are not wearing. By installing the conductor exactly above the center of the alleged hole, you can not worry about what the drill will "lead" from the specified direction.

This device is particularly useful when drilling perpendicular holes in small diameter pipes, when the tip strives to slip from the cylindrical surface.



2. Drill guide (manual). The reference device in which the tool is fixed for the neck


The sole is placed on the workpiece while holding the second hand for the handle. The drill moves strictly vertically, preventing breakdown and drill diluted.

The design may have an angular holder for pipes of a small diameter, which makes the device more versatile.

If there is a rotary mechanism, you also get a device for drilling holes at an angle.


True, the metal will not be drilled in this way, the side loads will quickly break the drill.

3. Rack for a drill (stationary floor). In fact, is an inexpensive alternative to the drilling machine.

To improve the main characteristics of the metal, it is often necessary for its hardening. Such technology provides for improving the hardness of the product due to strong heating of the metal and its rapid cooling. In some cases, after thermal processing, it is necessary to perform drilling. Due to the increase in such a characteristic, the drilling of Kalenny metal becomes more difficult. Consider all the features of drilling kalena steel more.

Drill hole in kalena steel

Distribution of the question how to drill kalenny Steel It can be associated with the fact that when using ordinary technology, the tool is quickly blinking and comes to unsuitability. That is why it is necessary to pay attention to the specifics of the drilling of the Kalenny alloy. Among the features of the technology, we note the following points:

1. It is necessary to properly prepare a crawling workpiece.
2. In some cases, a special tool is required.
3. The coolant is used.

If necessary, you can make a drill for hardened steel with your own hands, for which certain equipment and skills are required. However, in most cases, the purchase options apply to the purchase options, as it can be better cope with the task when cutting Calen Steel.

Nuances when drilling

The technology under consideration has a fairly large number of features that need to be taken into account. Kalented metal drilling is carried out according to the following points:

1. Before working, the attention of the surface hardness should be paid. This parameter selects the most suitable drill. It is possible to determine the hardness when applying a wide variety of technologies.
2. During drilling there is a large amount of heat. That is why there is a rapid wear of the cutting edge. In this regard, in many cases, the cutting liquid is supplied to the cutting zone.
3. When cutting a hardware material, it has to sharpen the cutting edge from time to time. To do this, an ordinary sharpening machine or a special tool is applied. As an abrasive, an exclusively circle with a diamond spraying is suitable.

There are various methods for cutting kanenic steel. Some of them significantly simplify the processing. Only when taking into account all the nuances can be improved the quality of the obtained hole.

Useful techniques when drilling

A variety of technologies can be applied to working with Kalena Steel. The most common technologies are characterized by the following features:

1. Surface treatment with acid. This technology is characterized by long-term use, as it takes a fairly large amount of time to reduce surface hardness. Sulfur, chlorine or other acid can be used to etch. The procedure provides for the creation of a side, which will restrain the applied substance in the cutting zone. After a long exposure, the metal becomes softer, it will be possible to carry out drilling when using the usual version of the execution.
2. Can be used welding machine To achieve the goal. When exposed to high temperatures, the metal becomes softer, which greatly simplifies the procedures.
3. Most often a special drill is applied. The versions are found on sale, which can be used to treat Kalena steel. With their manufacture, the metal is used with increased wear resistance and high temperature exposure. However, the complexity of manufacture and some other moments determine that the cost of a special tool is quite high.

In addition, a missile is often purchased to achieve his goal. With it, you can make a small hole, which will simplify further drilling.

Use of lubricants

When drilling kaleno, serious friction occurs. That is why it is recommended to acquire and use various lubricants. Among the features of such a method of processing, we note the following points:

1. For starters, the drilling zone is processed. On the surface where the hole will be, a small amount of lubricant is applied.
2. Oil is added to the cutting edge. For colena processing, a small amount of substance is required, but it is necessary to add it from time to time, since when the tool is rotated it is split.
3. During work it is recommended to take breaks for cooling the cutting surface and the surface being treated.

Special oil allows not only to simplify drilling, but also to increase the service life of the applied tool.

This is due to the fact that the oil can reduce the temperature of the cutting edge.

Choosing a drill

Spiral drills, which are represented by a vertical rod with two grooves, were quite large. Due to a certain location of the grooves, the cutting edge is formed. Among the characteristics of the choice, we note the following points:

1. Pretty much spread received a winning drill. It can be used to work with various kalen alloys. However, the surface with too high hardness Similar tool do not process.
2. The choice is carried out in the diameter indicator. It should be borne in mind that getting the hole of the large diameter is quite difficult. The version of the larger diameter is much more expensive due to the use of a large amount of material in its manufacture.
3. Attention is paid to the angle of sharpening, the purpose of the product and the type of material used in the manufacture. For example, cobalt versions are characterized by higher resistant to the effects of high temperature.
4. It is recommended to pay attention to products exclusively. famous manufacturers. This is due to the fact that Chinese version embodiments are manufactured using low-quality materials. However, such a proposal costs much cheaper and can be used for non-plum or disposable work.
5. When you select the drill, you can navigate the applied marking. It can determine which materials used in the manufacture of. Also indicates the diameter of the opening that can be obtained when using the tool.

In a specialized store you can find almost everything you need for work. However, a fairly high cost of the product and some other moments determine what some decide to produce drill on their own from the primary materials. Such work can be carried out in the presence of requiring tools.

Manufacture of self-made drill

If necessary, you can make the manufacture of drill from kalena steel. Among the basic recommendations for this work, we note:

1. Rods are selected, which are made of tungsten and cobalt alloys. In the people, such metal is called winning. In comparison with the usual drill, such an embodiment is characterized by increased resistance to wear.
2. For processing the workpiece you need to fix it in small visits. Otherwise, to carry out work will be quite complex.
3. To drain such a surface requires a diamond stone. The usual will not stand long work.
4. The end surface is sharpened so that the surface resembling a flat screwdriver is obtained. After that, the cutting edges are sharpened to obtain an acute tip.

In order to reduce the degree of surface time consumption, an oil is added. Due to this, long-term processing is provided due to reducing the friction force and temperature reduction.

In conclusion, we note that the treatment of kalena steel should be carried out exclusively when applying special tools. A drilling device is required for work, since manual will not allow the desired hole.