Frame house. But for outdoor work, in addition to the traditional construction with a crate and a ventilated gap, only one technology is used. This is a “wet” façade. It got its name because of the technological features of the installation.

Features of a wet facade

The finishing wet façade is a “cake” of several materials, sequentially laid on wall cladding or DSP. V general view it looks like this:

• a layer of adhesive composition on the base;
• thermal insulation material;
• glue;
• reinforcing mesh;
• glue;
• facade plaster;
• paint (if necessary).

All these Construction Materials easy to use, so you can cope with the facade device on your own.

But is it worth choosing this option exterior decoration for a frame house? An assessment of the merits and demerits will help to answer this question.

Advantages and disadvantages of technology

A wet façade is fundamentally different from a ventilated façade. This applies not only to the structure of the wall "cake", but also to its operational properties.

To the advantages of technology can be attributed:

• Effective heat saving by minimizing the number of “cold bridges”. In a ventilated structure, they are formed by a large number of lathing fasteners.
• Saving money and time.
• Aesthetic appearance of the house.
• Additional insulation, high-quality sound and vapor barrier of walls.
• Reducing the load on the foundation.

There are also drawbacks to insulating the facade of the facade with a wet method. They are associated with the conditions for laying materials, applying adhesives. So, admissible temperature air during operation must be at least +5 ° C, and humidity must be no more than 40%.

If these conditions are not met, it is likely that the glue and plaster will dry out unevenly. This will negatively affect the quality of the finish coating, its service life.

Materials for a wet facade

A competent device for a wet facade for insulation, the technology of which is quite simple, is largely based on the correct choice of materials.

As a heater, foam or mineral wool in the form of rigid plates is used. They prevent the formation of condensation, retain heat well.

Wherein foam loses to mineral wool in terms of environmental friendliness and flammability, but surpasses it in terms of ease of use, price, strength. It is also not susceptible to shrinkage during home use.

Please note: when choosing slab insulation its thickness is important. It is calculated based on climatic conditions, insulating characteristics of frame walls.

For the reinforcement of the wet façade, an alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh is used.

The best option for fixing foam is glue foam in cylinders. It is also called liquid foam. It sets quickly, does not allow heat to pass through, and is resistant to moisture. The disadvantages include only the high price.

An alternative is a dry universal facade adhesive. For better adhesion, it is sealed with a primer of the same brand. But it is better to fix mineral wool on a special reinforcing glue.

The device of a wet facade on a frame house

Installation of a wet facade of a frame house implies the sequential execution of a number of works, taking into account the characteristics of the materials used. If you do not want to invite third-party masters, make sure you have several reliable assistants.

Stage of preparatory work

A wet facade is a good solution for a frame house being built from scratch. The wall cladding, which is the basis for laying the insulation, has a flat and clean surface. It does not even have to be primed. However, some preparatory work is still needed.

For gluing a layer of insulation, the surfaces of the basement and walls are clearly delineated. This is done using a special L-shaped profile. With the short side (perforated), it is fixed with dowels to the wall, maintaining a step of 300 mm. The long side serves as a support and limiter for thermal insulation boards, therefore it should not be less than their thickness.

Please note: during installation the profile is aligned horizontally using a building level.

Insulation laying instructions

With the exception of a few points, the technology for installing a wet facade on foam and mineral wool is the same.

The fundamental difference lies in the application of the adhesive. Glue-foam is applied to the foam around the perimeter of the slabs, stepping back from the edges of 20-30 mm, and in the middle - pointwise. On slabs mineral wool the reinforcing adhesive is applied in a continuous layer using a notched trowel. The point distribution of the composition is unacceptable due to the large weight of the insulation.

After applying the glue, the insulation plate is pressed against the wall and tapped. First row laid close to the starting... Each subsequent one is fastened so that the joints between the slabs are "staggered", by analogy with brickwork... In this case, the evenness of the rows is checked using building level.

Styrofoam sheets are joined quite tightly, but if gaps form somewhere, you can cover them up adhesive composition or fill with polyurethane foam.

After the glue has completely dried additional fixation insulation is performed using plastic disc dowels. Their length is equal to the thickness of the insulating material plus 55-60 mm.

Laying the reinforcing layer

Before installing the reinforcing mesh, the heads of the dowels are covered with an adhesive solution and the evenness of the heat-insulating layer is checked with a building level. After that, they begin to strengthen the corners.

Their surface is covered with a layer of glue, in which a fiberglass mesh and a metal corner profile are embedded on top of it. Then the glue is evenly distributed over the surface of the insulation. The optimum layer thickness is 3 mm. For work will do both a construction trowel and a wide trowel.

A reinforcing mesh is laid on the glue layer in the direction from bottom to top. At the junction of the canvases, an overlap of 100-120 mm is made. All cells must be completely sunk into the glue, and irregularities must be eliminated.

For finishing the exterior walls, another layer of glue is applied over the fiberglass mesh. Its thickness should be 2-3 mm.

Finishing the facade

Finishing a wet facade with plaster can also be done by hand. For this, the base layer is allowed to dry completely. Then a layer of primer is applied to it to improve adhesion between the finishing coat and the base coat.

After priming the wall also must dry... This may take 5-8 hours depending on the solution used.

Facade plaster can be purchased both in the form of a ready-made solution and in the form of a dry mixture, which must be sealed with water. It is applied in a layer about 5 mm thick. The manufacturer reflects the nuances of working with a specific material in the instructions for use.

Making wall openings is one of the most difficult stages of work. And here it is important to pay attention to the following:

• For fire safety purposes, incisions are made of incombustible mineral wool around the perimeter of the openings. They must have a width of at least 200 mm, and a thickness equal to the thickness of the main insulation.
• Holes are cut in the plates of thermal insulation material, equal to the perimeter of the openings along the slopes.
• It is better not to glue the insulation along the window and door openings, but to blow out the cracks formed with polyurethane foam.
• The joints of the insulating material must be at least 150 mm from the slope.

Taking these nuances into account is the key to the fire safety of your home and effective drainage from its outer walls.

Thus, the wet facade technology is a good solution for those who want to economically insulate the outer walls of the house without losing their aesthetics.

Video: technology and subtleties of installation

High-quality insulation and decoration of the front of the house guarantee significant savings in thermal energy, which is especially important in the context of a constant rise in the price of energy resources. In addition, the complex implementation of the work makes the house more attractive from an aesthetic point of view. Exists different methods insulation and decoration of buildings, but a wet facade is considered the most modern: the technology of this finishing method is described in detail in this article.

Thermal insulation of facades with a wet methodoutside or inside: features of choice

Traditional building materials used for the construction of walls, such as bricks, wall and concrete blocks, are characterized by increased strength and a fairly long service life. At the same time, they do not have a high level of thermal insulation, and therefore a significant part of the thermal energy simply evaporates through the walls. In order to prevent this undesirable process, the walls are insulated.

Insulation can be both internal and external. At the same time, the amount of material, the amount of work and the very organization of the process inside the house are more profitable and cheaper. At the same time, there are a number of serious arguments in favor of insulating the house from the outside.

Outdoor methods, which include insulating a wet facade, assume the presence of a so-called dew point - this is an area where condensation is released in conditions of temperature changes both in the middle of the room and outside. If the insulation is attached to the inside of the load-bearing wall, there is a high probability of condensation, which leads to increased humidity in the room. Therefore, this method of thermal insulation is less functional and even hazardous to health, since fungi and mold appear on the walls against the background of dampness.

With external thermal insulation, the level of thermal resistance or thermal inertia of the walls increases significantly. In other words, a building insulated from the outside retains heat for a longer time with a significant decrease in temperature outside and heats up slowly in the summer heat.

With external insulation of a house, a wet facade eliminates all kinds of cold bridges, through which, in most cases, the main heat loss occurs in the case of arranging internal thermal insulation.

What is a wet facade:technology features

The external method of insulating facades has its own classification. Distinguish between dry and wet technologies. The first option, in turn, includes prefabricated or hinged facades. The main material used in this technology is vinyl or metal siding. The wet facade system is considered to be more practical, highly efficient, economical and visually attractive.

Important! A distinctive feature of a wet facade is its multi-layer design, where each individual layer plays its own important role in the process of insulation and decoration. For the full implementation of functions, preference should be given only to high-quality materials.

Using the wet technique allows you to get not only good quality insulation, but also a beautiful home decor. An important condition is the use of high-quality special solutions. The final stage is the process of plastering and painting - these are the key components of the beautiful appearance of the building.

Wet façade technology involves creating a multi-layered cake on the outside. The layers are fixed to the wall by applying special adhesive solutions, mastics and plaster, which are dissolved in ordinary water. Hence the name - wet facade. The work involves adherence to a clear order of priority in the application of layers: primer, adhesive mixture, thermal insulation boards, additional gluing, mesh reinforcement, plastering and painting.

Each phase involving the use of wet method, whether it is gluing, plastering or painting, must be carried out at temperatures above +5 ° C. Not only the quality of work and the degree of thermal insulation, but also the service life of decorative insulation depend on the sequence of work, materials and compliance with the conditions. V otherwise the facade will soon begin to crack and collapse.

Wet facade: pros and consoutdoor insulation technology

Wet insulation technology has a number of undeniable merits and a certain number of disadvantages. The advantages include:

• a high degree of decorativeness and attractiveness of the facade;
• the lightness of the heat-insulating layer, which allows the technology to be applied on buildings with a weak foundation;
• reliable thermal insulation that retains heat in the house for a long time on the principle of a thermos and excludes the appearance of "cold bridges";
• additional protection of the house from destructive atmospheric influences (moisture, freezing, wind);
• reliable sound and vibration isolation;
• durability (a facade made using wet technology can last up to 40 years);

• eliminates the appearance of condensation and, as a result, dampness in the house, which is due to the "breathing" external plaster;
• the cost of a wet facade is acceptable, especially in comparison with other methods of insulation;
• technology does not "steal" usable space in the room.

Speaking about the pros, we should also mention the disadvantages that this methodology has:

• work should be done with optimal temperature conditions on the street (if the temperature is below +5 ° С, then it is almost impossible to achieve the desired result);
• each layer requires a certain time to dry, so unforeseen precipitation can negatively affect the quality of insulation in the end;
• the ingress of dust and dirt during work also negatively affects the result, therefore the surface should be protected from the wind.

Helpful advice! Insulation of the building with a wet facade should not be carried out during the rains. Therefore, it is better to plan installation in the spring or summer, when much less precipitation falls.

Wet facade technology: step by step instructions

Based on the above advantages and disadvantages, the conclusion suggests itself that this technology allows you to create high-quality thermal insulation with minimal financial investment. The main principle- this is a clear step-by-step in the application of all layers. The work execution technology includes three or four stages of the formation of a wet facade. Photos clearly demonstrate this. Each of the layers fulfills its functional purpose.

Plaster layer	Main works	Function performed
Adhesive or preparatory	Substrate preparation, installation of fasteners and glue priming	Determines the degree of reliability of the fastening of the future structure
Heat insulating	Fastening insulation boards with glue and dowels	Provides a degree of insulation of the walls of the building
Reinforcing	Includes installation of reinforcing mesh	Ensures the strength and reliability of the structure and serves as the basis for the final finishing layer
Decorative	Application of decorative plaster in a variety of ways and painting	Protects insulation boards from weathering and provides the outer beauty of walls

All stages perform a number of important functions that ensure the overall reliability, strength and durability of the structure, therefore each of them requires a responsible approach and detailed study.

Wet facade: installation technologypreparatory phase

Before starting work on insulation, you should take care of preparing the basic base. To this end, the walls are thoroughly cleaned and all defects are eliminated. It is necessary to cover the cracks with mortar and level the surface. If the surface is heavily soiled, it is recommended to use detergents.

Next, the surface is tested for strength. To do this, small pieces of insulation are glued to the wall. If they hold securely and do not break into pieces, then you can proceed with the installation. If they come off easily together with top layer walls, then you should carry out the stripping again.

After complete preparation of the wall, a primer is applied to it. And after drying - a layer of glue. If the surface of the house consists of a material with increased absorbency, then the soil layer should be more solid. Better to apply it twice. Old plaster from window and door slopes it is recommended to remove it in advance.

At the preparatory stage, you should take care of installing the profile strip. The basement profile will help to evenly distribute the load from the thermal insulation boards and protect the lower row of insulation from moisture.

Helpful advice! A smooth course of the process can be provided by a special set for facade insulation, sold in hardware stores. Ceresite adhesive mixture for wet façade has proven itself well.

The profile is mounted at a level of approximately 35-40 cm from the ground with a three-millimeter gap between the planks placed horizontally, in case temperature expansion occurs. The profile is attached directly to dowels or self-tapping screws. Their number depends on the density and weight of the selected material for thermal insulation. Most often they are placed at a distance of 15-20 cm from each other.

Insulation stage for a wet facade: work sequence

Installation of a heat-insulating layer is one of the main stages, since it is a fastening of insulation plates. The process itself requires adherence to a clear sequence and a number of rules.

Applying glue to the surface of the board. The glue solution is distributed along the perimeter of the material in a wide strip, stepping back from the edge of about 3 cm. In the middle, the glue is distributed pointwise. The main thing is that more than 40% of the slab area is covered with the adhesive mixture. If lamellar mats serve as a heat-insulating layer, then the adhesive solution must be applied over the entire surface.

Laying slabs... Insulation technology for a wet facade implies the installation of insulation "in a run" by analogy with brickwork. In this case, the tiles should be tightly pressed against each other and against the wall. Any glue that has leaked out must be removed immediately. The laying process takes place from the bottom up, starting from the basement profile. It will take 3-4 days for the glue to dry completely.

Fastening plates with dowels... At the next stage, the thermal insulation layer should be additionally fixed with dowels. Their length should be selected based on the thickness of the insulation layer, glue solution and a margin for deepening into the wall. If the degree of insulation density for a wet facade is high, then 5 cm is enough for a recess, for porous materials this figure should reach 8-9 cm. For 1 m2 of surface, 7 to 15 dowels are needed. Their number depends on the density of the insulation boards, the diameter of the fasteners and the height of the insulation.

Even before installing the dowel, a nest is prepared under it. On condition correct attachment the pressure sleeves will fit close to the insulation.

Wet facade: technologylaying the reinforcing layer

A reinforced base is necessary to ensure a reliable level of adhesion of decorative plaster over insulation. For this purpose, a special mesh is attached to adhesive base, sinking it into the middle. Installation of the reinforcing layer begins at least two days after the application of the heat-insulating layer.

Helpful advice! For reinforcement, it is recommended to use an alkaline-resistant fiberglass mesh with a durable coating. Otherwise, after a year, the reinforcing layer will begin to collapse, and the plaster will simply crumble.

First, the mesh is attached to the corner slopes in the openings of windows and doors, as well as at the joints of vertical slopes and lintels. Next, they move on to the corners of the building outside, and finally to the rest of the sections.

Related article:

The choice of the type of insulation. Features of materials, their advantages and disadvantages. The main stages of the installation of insulation.

The process itself is the application of a layer of special glue. Then a special reinforcing fiberglass mesh is gradually carefully sunk into it. It is laid with an overlap, which ensures the formation of a reliable reinforced base. Excess material is cut off. The total thickness of the reinforcing layer should be a maximum of 6 mm, while the mesh itself is located two millimeters from the surface of the insulation.

When creating a wet facade on buildings with increased loads or on basements, it is necessary to use a reinforced shell mesh that can withstand higher loads. It is the reinforcing layer that plays an important role in the strength of the entire structure. It provides wall resistance to atmospheric and mechanical influences. It is equally important that the mesh resists the alkaline effects of aggressive components contained in the plaster solution.

Wet facade plaster:decorative layer application technology

The finishing layer plays a double role, as it is responsible for the external attractiveness of the walls and at the same time serves to protect the thermal insulation layer from external negative influences. In this case, the plaster must have a certain porosity in order to allow excess condensation to pass through, providing "breathing" to the wall.

Decorative finishing is the final phase in the installation process, carried out using the wet facade technology. The plaster is applied only after the reinforcing layer has completely dried. To do this, you will have to wait about a week. Moreover, in addition to high decorative qualities, the plastered surface must meet a number of requirements:

• have a high degree of vapor permeability;
• be resistant to atmospheric influences in the form of rain, snow, fog and other precipitation, as well as to the influence of direct sunlight;
• have a high resistance to mechanical damage.

In order for the plaster to easily lay on the insulation, the plates must fit snugly together. The permissible error is a maximum of 3 mm. Otherwise, the next two layers will not be able to mask the flaws, which will affect the appearance of the entire structure. You will either have to apply a very thick layer of plaster, or put up with irregularities. This fact indicates that it is necessary to select high quality materials, as well as to use a special plaster mixture - for outdoor use.

Helpful advice! Compliance with the temperature regime affects the quality of work and the durability of the plaster service. As in the case of fixing the boards, the working mixture should be applied at a temperature of at least +5 ° C. The maximum indicator is +30 ° С, since excessive exposure to sunlight can negatively affect the quality of the plaster.

Species variety of plaster finishing wet facade

The finishing stage in the complex of works on the creation of the facade by the wet method is the application of a plaster layer. To organize the heat-insulating layer, a variety of decorative finishing techniques are used, the main ones will be discussed below.

Mineral plaster. The material is a binder mixture based on Portland cement. The main advantage of this type of coating is its high level of strength and vapor permeability. This type of finish is resistant to moisture, does not get damp and does not deteriorate. The next advantage is the affordable price. The disadvantages include a narrow choice of colors.

Silicate plaster is a kind of mineral, as it contains. Well suited for decorating aerated concrete and foam block walls, as well as for use as part of the wet facade technology, since it has a high level of vapor permeability. However, it should be borne in mind that before applying it, you will definitely need to cover the surface with a layer of a special primer.

Acrylic plaster is based on resin in the form of an aqueous dispersion. The positive qualities of the material are elasticity and a high degree of adhesion to different surfaces. To avoid cracking, the acrylic is applied in a thin layer on reinforced mesh made of fiberglass, treated with sealant.

Silicone plaster has a range of unique properties, it is very flexible and viscous. Even if the building collapses, the wall covered with a silicone layer will not crack. This finish is available in a wide range of colors and is self-cleaning. Thus, the wall itself, under the influence of precipitation, will be cleared of dust and dirt.

The basis of a wet facade: materials for work

Having considered in detail all the stages of work, a novice master will be able to assess his strength in terms of an independent device of a wet facade with insulation. If a positive decision is made, then you should take care of the availability of a full arsenal of materials and tools. The list below will allow you to take into account all the details. So, this technology assumes the presence of basic materials:

1. Thermal insulation boards as a base material require a special approach in the selection. It is necessary to calculate in advance the thickness of the plates, on which the degree of thermal insulation depends, and to study the characteristics of different heaters.
2. The basement profile is selected taking into account the width and thickness of the selected insulation boards. The number is calculated based on the size of the building.
3. The mesh for the wet facade, which serves to strengthen the entire structure, is most often a roll of fiberglass. For heavily loaded buildings, more reliable grids are used.
4. Wet facade adhesive is used to fix the slabs. They select it in accordance with the selected insulation.
5. Decorative plaster is applied at the final stage. You can use ready-made formulations.

Helpful advice! In the choice of materials for the manufacture of a wet facade, first of all, they are guided by the qualities and characteristics of the selected insulation. For example, mineral wool glue is not suitable for fixing foam boards and vice versa.

Additional materials for creating a wet facade with your own hands

The above list of materials is considered basic, but far from exhaustive. If you do not take care of purchasing a complete set before making a wet facade, then a number of inconveniences and difficulties may arise in the process of project implementation.

The primer is applied at the preparatory stage in order to ensure better adhesion of the slabs to the wall. The type of primer is selected in accordance with the type of decorative plaster.

Composition for plastering protective and reinforced layers applied directly to the insulation, although it is often confused with decorative plaster. These are different compositions - and this should be taken into account. One of the main differences is the higher price of finishing plaster.

The paint is intended for wall decoration and serves as a certain protection against atmospheric influences. Do not neglect this material and save on it.

A necessary component is mushroom-shaped dowels. It would seem a trifle, but without them reliable fixation of the plates will not be ensured. Therefore, you should take care of purchasing them in advance.

Base / plinth anchors - separate element, very important even at the preparatory stage. The length of the dowel-nails depends on the material of the wall where the profile is attached. In the process of mounting the base, you should also take care of the presence of special elements for connection at bends and corners.

In order to purchase a complete set, manufacturers offer complex systems, which already include all necessary materials and tools for creating a wet facade. At the same time, not every set takes into account the individual needs of the owners, and therefore, when buying such sets, you need to be careful.

Tools required for wall insulation with a wet facade

The list of tools for performing work on wet facade technology should include almost the entire arsenal of an experienced builder and a number of special devices that will greatly facilitate and speed up the process. In particular, you will need:

• a square required for marking right angles and 45 ° angles;
• building level, designed to determine the degree of deviation of parts from surfaces in the horizontal or vertical direction;
• tape measure for measuring the length and width of various materials;
• a metalwork hammer, designed to work with different materials;
• fine-toothed saw for cutting Styrofoam materials;
• construction mixer for mixing dry building mixtures of sand, plaster, glue, putty;
• rollers for priming at different stages and for painting the finishing layer of decorative plaster;
• Swiss trowels used to cover the surface with different mixtures and to smooth them;
• trowel with teeth, used for pasting and fixing by the method of "embedding" of the reinforcing layer;

• a simple plastic trowel for applying putty and plastering compounds;
• trowel for easy mixing of the solution;
• spatulas and trowels of various sizes;
• cutter for deepening the dowels when fixing the slabs to the wall;
• sealant gun.

Helpful advice! The acquisition of tools should be taken care of at the preparatory stage. This list is maximum and extensive, but it is possible that additional tools may be needed during the work.

Insulation for a wet facade: variety of materials and features of choice

Facade heaters are divided into two large groups - products from expanded polystyrene and mineral wool. Foam materials are lightweight, quick to install and have a high level of thermal protection. The main drawback of the material is its flammability. Mineral wool for a wet facade costs an order of magnitude more, while being more reliable in terms of its performance. Plates made of this material do not burn, have a high level of vapor permeability.

The density of mineral wool for a wet facade must be at least 150 kg / m³, and the tensile strength must be at least 15 kPa. It is recommended to give preference to the choice of basalt fiber slabs. As for the foam, for insulation work, you should choose a material of special purpose with low flammability. Experts do not advise in this area to use extruded polystyrene foam, which has low vapor-permeable characteristics and has poor adhesion to the adhesive solution.

V different conditions different types of insulation boards are used. The choice is guided by the physical and chemical characteristics of the insulation, based on its specific purpose. Moreover, each group of insulation has its own classification.

Minvata for a wet facade: materials for manufacturing and their advantages

So, mineral wool slabs are the best suited for facades. This advantage is due to a number of specific positive characteristics:

• durability;

• fire resistance;
• excellent vapor permeability;
• high level of heat and sound insulation;
• resistance to chemical and biological substances;
• environmental friendliness;
• ease of installation.

In addition, certain types of cotton wool, in particular products based on phenolic binders, are distinguished by a high level of moisture resistance. The most preferred are diabase slabs or basalt wool slabs for wet façades. The price of such a heater is much higher than other analogues, but this is the case when they pay for the quality.

Since the strength of mineral wool should start from 15 kPa, and the material itself should not react with plaster, the use of fiberglass plates in this area is impractical. This is due to the fact that such mineral wool is easily destroyed in an alkaline environment and does not have sufficient tensile strength.

Fiberglass boards will begin to crumble under the influence of alkalis, which are contained in the reinforced base layer and the adhesive solution. The average pH of these materials is 12.5. The corresponding reaction does not begin immediately, but after a couple of years. Destruction is especially intense under the influence of strong winds. Thus, very quickly, a wet fiberglass facade will become unusable.

Additional qualities as criteria for choosing mineral insulation for a wet facade

An important indicator in the selection of thermal insulation boards is the moisture absorption coefficient. It is desirable that its level be at around 15%, since moisture absorbed into the material will lead to its inevitable deformation and adversely affect thermal conductivity. Slabs with a high degree of moisture absorption do not provide the required level of solidity of the facade. As a result, such a structure will not last more than two years.

Helpful advice! The density index of mineral wool of a wet facade should range from 150 to 180 kg / m³. Otherwise, the process of applying the finishing layer becomes more complicated and there is a risk of delamination of the entire thermal insulation coating of the facade.

The technology of a wet facade for mineral wool involves the selection of slabs in such a way that the degree of vapor permeability from the first (preparatory) to the last (decorative) layer gradually increases. Compliance with this requirement will provide favorable conditions and prevent condensation in the middle of the structure. In the climatic conditions of Russia, most of the time throughout the year, the temperature indicators inside houses are much higher than outside. These conditions greatly increase the likelihood of condensation occurring.

Wet foam facade: material features and requirements for its choice

A specific list positive qualities also possesses another group of heaters, the main raw material in the production of which is expanded polystyrene. It should be noted here:

• low cost;
• lightness of the material;
• high thermal and sound insulation;
• vapor permeability;
• environmental friendliness;
• ease of installation.

The list of disadvantages of foam boards significantly exceeds the similar characteristics of mineral wool. The main disadvantage is the flammability of the material. In order to eliminate this defect, manufacturers treat the insulation with special chemical agents - fire retardants. Thus, even in the event of a fire, the spread of fire will be stopped, that is, the flame can extinguish itself.

Fire safety is also ensured by special inserts made of non-combustible materials, in particular, mineral wool. The use of this method has led to the emergence of a separate composite material.

Among other disadvantages of the material is the low degree of biosecurity. Insects and even rodents can settle in the foam. Also, expanded polystyrene plates are more fragile, which creates certain problems during the installation process, and less wear-resistant in operation.

Requirements for polystyrene foam plates for a wet facade: price and quality

Before buying a material for a wet facade made of expanded polystyrene, you should study its characteristics and compliance with all requirements. It must have a tensile strength of at least 100 kPa and a density between 15 and 25 kg / m³.

Helpful advice! The choice of material in accordance with all the requirements for it and its correct installation, with strict adherence to the technology of installing a wet facade for insulation, guarantee its service life for 20-30 years. Repair of the decorative layer will have to be done a little more often, but the costs will be much less.

High-quality material can be determined even by external data. Insulation granules should adhere as closely as possible to each other and have approximately the same size. Otherwise, such foam will bring a maximum of problems, starting with the installation process and ending with direct operation. Low-quality coarse-grained material absorbs an increased amount of moisture, which, in turn, entails its deformation and leads to a loss of thermal insulation qualities and early destruction of the facade

The shape of the polystyrene foam insulation boards must be the same as that of a regular rectangle. The error is allowed no more than 2 mm per 1 m. Differences in the thickness of the insulation can be a maximum of 1 mm, and the deviation on the surface of the front plane should not exceed 0.5%. Otherwise, it is impossible to insulate the facade of the house without defects. A wet facade from the outside will have low aesthetic characteristics, and its service life will be reduced several times.

Consumption of materials for arranging a wet facade: photos of private houses

As for other types of construction work, the consumption of materials is approximately based on the required amount per 1m² of the finished wet facade. Insulating a house from the outside involves the following costs:

• primer will need about 250 milliliters per 1 m²;
• adhesive solution for fixing heat-insulating plates is spent at the rate of 10 kg per 1 m²;
• the consumption of the insulation itself with a plate thickness of at least 5 cm corresponds to the area to be insulated;
• dowels for fixing the plates will need about 5 pieces per 1 m²;
• the netting for the wet facade is consumed at the rate of 1.3 m² per 1 m²;
• plaster for the leveling layer should be purchased based on the needs of 0.3 kg per 1 m²;

• the consumption of primer for the finishing layer is approximately 0.3 kg per 1m²;
• finished decorative plaster will need about 3 kg per 1 m².

In order to correctly calculate the required amount of materials, you need to follow the instructions on the packaging of the material, and it is better to purchase ready-made kits. The Ceresit wet façade system has proven itself in this market segment. Facade insulation technology using mineral wool slabs presupposes the use of the Ceresit WM brand.

For thermal insulation using foam technology, the Ceresit wet facade is labeled VWS. Plates for thermal insulation are treated with an adhesive and fixed to the wall, a special protective layer with a reinforced fiberglass mesh is applied on top. The system of the corresponding brand contains all the necessary materials.

Components of the price of a wet facade device per m2

The price of the finished wet facade includes the total cost of preparatory, installation and decorative work. The main costs are for materials based on their cost per 1 m² for a blank wall.

Important! The main component of the total cost of a wet facade is the price of insulation, which depends on its type, density and mineral additives.

The total cost of the finished system is the total cost of the constituent components:

• adhesive mixture for fixing insulation;
• plastering solution for the base;
• mixtures for decorative plaster;
• fiberglass mesh for the reinforced layer;
• dowels and other fasteners;
• two types of primer;
• thermal insulation boards.

Ready-made systems usually do not include the cost of additional and optional parts, various profiles and auxiliary fasteners. Also, not all manufacturers offer thermal insulation materials in the complex. In this case, you should keep in mind the average cost of insulation. For example, the average price of mineral wool for a 10 cm thick wet facade is about 650 rubles. for 1 m². The cost of expanded polystyrene for the same indicators – about 250 rubles

Thus, the price of a wet facade per m² with mineral wool slabs will be about 1200 rubles. A thermal insulation system made of expanded polystyrene will cost much less - about 750 rubles. for 1 m².

Arrangement of a wet facade: the cost of work form² to order

The total costs of installing insulation and decorating it include payment for the services of craftsmen or contractors. This is if the work is not done independently. The total price ranges from 1,000 to 2,500 rubles per square meter. It all depends on the total amount of work, type of materials and method decorative design finished wall. The main components and the average price for installing a wet facade are shown in the table below:

Type of work performed	Cost, rub / m2
Installation and dismantling of scaffolding for construction	130 – 150
Surface priming for deep penetration	60 – 90
Fastening the insulation with adhesive and leveling the wall	370 – 450
Installation of a reinforcing layer with a base plaster layer and flush embedding	330 – 370
Wall priming using quartz sand	65 – 75
Various types of decorative plastering	240 – 350
Stone decoration on the facade plinth	870 – 920

The wide range of prices for wet plastering of the facade is justified by the varying degrees of complexity of the decorating process. The list may also include additional work, for example, the installation of decorative elements. Their cost is calculated separately and depends on the complexity.

Additional factors affecting the cost of wet facade works

The above services and their cost are not constant. The list can be much longer, and the price increases due to the appearance of additional costs. The final price per m² of a turnkey wet facade depends on a number of additional factors. In particular, you should consider:

• initial appearance and structure of the facade;

• the presence of flaws and damage;
• the level of complexity of the work performed;
• the total number of openings for doors and windows, as well as their location;
• quality characteristics of materials and their quantity;
• total amount of work.

Helpful advice! The cost calculation is made individually for each specific case. Sometimes, even with an identical list of works and the same processing area, the price can differ significantly.

Therefore, the final cost includes additional costs. For example, labor-intensive work at high altitudes will require the installation of auxiliary assembly scaffolding. The cost of their rental depends on the height and duration of use. It should also be borne in mind that high-rise work is much more expensive, since it requires special skills and the organization of insurance. The pricing is influenced by the costs associated with delivery and the features of individual facades.

The installation of a wet system will cost an order of magnitude less than the arrangement, but its further operation will cost more. The wet facade technology is usually used to insulate private houses, and the ventilated one is used to decorate larger buildings. What this is connected with, we will consider below.

Ventilated facades: pricedictated by quality

Speaking about the scope of application of the wet facade method, it is worth mentioning such a feature as limited resistance to the effects of temperature extremes. Based on many years of research, the European Association of Plaster Type Thermal Insulation Systems has come to the conclusion that the wet facade technology is not appropriate in all climatic conditions.

Even the most reliable and expensive materials, installation in compliance with all requirements does not give a long-term guarantee of service in the conditions of the inland climate of temperate latitudes, which prevails in a significant part of the territory of Russia. The scientists of the association took grapes, or rather not the plant itself, but the cycle of its maturation, as the starting point for the application of the wet facade system. That is, in an area where climatic conditions allow the maturation of at least one of its varieties, the use of technology is advisable.

In conditions of constant rains and high humidity, for example, in close proximity to the sea, the use of this technology is undesirable. This is due to the poor moisture resistance of this type of facade. If the wall will be exposed to frequent mechanical stress, then the installation of a wet facade is also not recommended.

Based on the listed contraindications, an alternative plaster-type facade technology was invented in the form of a hinged thermal insulation system with an air gap. Simply put - a ventilated facade. What are the similarities, differences and advantages of this type of building insulation - we will figure it out further.

Helpful advice! You can check the quality of thermal insulation under a ventilated and wet facade using a thermal imager. Warm tones in the photo show heat loss, and dark tones show the heat resistance of the walls.

Comparative characteristics of ventilated and wet facades: photos of houses and buildings

The curtain system differs from the plaster system in that when installing a wet facade, plaster is applied directly to the thermal insulation layer. A ventilated facade involves the installation of a fiber cement facade panel at a certain distance from the insulation, which creates the necessary protection against atmospheric precipitation. In addition, due to the protective screen, excess moisture that appears behind the facade panel can evaporate through the air opening.

Thus, the ventilated facade has an additional, in comparison with the wet method, number of functions and provides:

• additional protection against moisture, as well as sound insulation;
• the highest degree of protection against ignition;
• coolness indoors in summer period, which allows you to save on air conditioners;
• elimination of flaws on the wall in the form of irregularities and curvatures;
• ease and speed of installation;
• a wide range of design options;
• additional thermal insulation, which is facilitated by the presence of an air cushion.

In addition, the fiber cement coating does not require additional maintenance and repair of the decorative layer after several years. Suspended structure can serve without intervention for several decades.

When solving the dilemma of which facade to choose, you can be guided by the following recommendations. A wet facade is advisable when you need to minimize the cost of finishing the building and minimize the load on the walls. In this way, you can arrange perfectly smooth walls without observing special requirements for the strength and durability of the facade.

The curtain cladding, in turn, compensates for the unevenness of the wall and helps to hide any defects. Installation of the ventilation façade can be carried out at any time of the year, even at subzero temperatures.

Areas of application for wet façade and ventilated façades

The scope of application of ventilated facades is much wider. They are used for insulating private houses, finishing multi-storey new buildings and public buildings. The most widely used for decorating shops, cafes, shopping and entertainment centers and other public and commercial institutions.

Important! Wet facades are used for thermal insulation of low-rise buildings and utility rooms, as well as, if necessary, to save on insulation. As a budget option, this method is also applicable in the energy saving system of state institutions and public buildings.

Various materials are used in the cladding of ventilated facades, in particular:

• porcelain stoneware plates;
• panels made of aluminum and composite;
• fiber cement;
• laminate boards manufactured under high pressure.

The main advantages of a porcelain stoneware facade are its durability, varied colors and high aesthetic characteristics. But such material is quite expensive. The price of aluminum composite panels is more affordable. The material itself is universal, and thanks to a wide range of colors and structures, it allows the most daring fantasies of an architect to come true.

Fiber cement is a material imitating stone, resistant to moisture and sun. Differs in ease of installation and open mounting type. It is most often used for cladding residential buildings. Laminate panels are a new material that has various colors, textures, is resistant to weathering and fire, it is lightweight, durable and environmentally friendly. In addition, it is cheaper than porcelain stoneware counterparts.

Mineral wool wet facade technology: instructions, useful tips and secrets of the masters

If, after considering all kinds of insulation options, the choice was made in favor of a wet facade using mineral wool slabs, and it was decided to do the work independently, then it is necessary to take into account a number of secrets of the masters.

It's worth starting with the choice of material. So, on the Internet and in special literature, you can find a recommendation regarding the replacement of mineral wool with fiberglass. This is a misconception, since over time, fiberglass plates begin to sag under vibration influences, and so-called cold paths form in the insulation layer.

To achieve the maximum thermal insulation effect, it is worth taking care of not only insulation of the facade, but also of the floor and ceiling. In particular, this applies to apartments above unheated rooms or on upper floors.

Provided the correct choice of material and strict adherence to the instructions, the warranty life of the facade can reach half a century. Additional protection of the finishing layer of plaster will be provided by coating with a special paint, which will also extend its service life. For this purpose, it is worth using a water-based paint with acrylic, silicone or silicate admixtures. Its color variety includes over a thousand shades.

Helpful advice! During painting, you should look into the design and estimate documentation, where the original color of the building is indicated - the new shade must match it.

Conditions for successful insulation using the technology of installing a wet facade: video recommendations

Thermal insulation using wet technology should take place under conditions of complete protection from frost and precipitation. If the work does not require delay and its completion takes place in unfavorable conditions, then you should take care of the construction of special scaffolding and cover them with a dense film, which will provide temporary protection from wind and moisture and create a small thermal circuit.

Before starting work on the installation of a wet facade, it is necessary to tightly close all accesses to the interior of the room from the side of windows and doors. All internal rough work in the house it is better to complete it before the start of insulation. On the outside wall, a number of fixtures and brackets should be placed in advance that will hold the air conditioners, cameras, ebb or downpipes.

It is necessary to work with adhesive solutions in the shade or in case of increased cloudiness, excluding as much as possible sunlight exposure to the mixture. The distance between the thermal insulation boards and the reinforcing mesh must be at least 2 mm, which allows the glue to be cast.

For the overall strength of the multi-layer structure, it takes several days for each layer to dry. Haste in this case is unacceptable. The performance characteristics of decorative plaster depend on the working conditions. Optimal prerequisites are temperatures above 5 ° С, increased cloudiness, dry calm weather.

For plaster, it is necessary to select only materials for outdoor work that can fully withstand negative influences. The upper plaster layer must have a high level of thermal conductivity and moisture resistance, be durable and resistant to mechanical, chemical and weathering.

House insulation wet facade: summarizing

The wet facade technology, although inferior in a number of performance characteristics to the ventilated facade, is the leader among existing ways insulation. Its advantages lie in the use of modern high-quality thermal insulation materials, the service life of some of them can reach half a century. A special exterior finish with high aesthetic characteristics not only guarantees the external beauty of modern residential buildings, but also makes this technology permissible in the restoration of architectural landmarks.

To achieve the best result, you need to trust the work of certified firms, as well as use high-quality materials from manufacturers who have proven themselves in the construction market. To prevent the occurrence chemical reactions, it should be noted that the individual components must be compatible with each other. Each subsequent layer must have an increased level of vapor permeability in relation to the previous one. Do not forget about the strength and density of materials and their compliance with fire and environmental requirements.

The design is designed to provide a high degree of sound protection in two directions (both inside and outside the house). The quality of materials affects the longer service life of not only the insulation layer, but also the whole house, protecting the walls from precipitation and mechanical damage. The facade covers the main structure from the effects of wind, frost, pollution, ultraviolet radiation and humidity.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the use of various options for decorative plaster in the wet facade system, finishing elements and color design allows you to implement various style ideas on the outside of the building, which cannot be done using other methods of insulation, for example, ventilated facade technology.

The main reason for cold in houses and overpayments for heating is heat loss through the building envelope. Most of the construction is carried out from bricks and concrete. They do not keep warm well. Facades of houses that are not protected from atmospheric agents are quickly destroyed, and their appearance deteriorates. These problems are solved with the help of do-it-yourself wet facade technology.

Wet facade on the house

A wet facade is basic technology insulation of houses, protection of facades from the negative impact of the environment. Includes wall cladding with insulation and their subsequent plastering.

The plaster is prepared on a water basis, therefore the name contains the word "wet". Standard Option wet façade consists of 6 layers:

• glue mixture;
• insulation sheets;
• plastic anchors;
• plaster stack;
• a layer of facade plaster;
• decorative plaster or facade paint.

The technology has a number of advantages and disadvantages compared to other facade cladding options.

Advantages:

• Good thermal insulation. A wet facade, with a layer of insulation 50-100 mm thick, is equivalent to two rows of ceramic bricks.
• Ease. Absence metal frame makes it possible to apply this technology in residential, public and industrial buildings... The load on the load-bearing walls is minimal.
• Soundproofing. Insulation dampens most of the sounds and shock waves.
• Integrity. The device of a wet facade, in contrast to frame technology, does not provide for the installation of profiles. There are no cold bridges. Heat does not escape from the interior.
• Correct dew point. If you follow the installation guidelines, condensation will drip outside the building. The interior walls will not get wet.
• Strength and durability. A wet façade reliably protects building structures from destruction. Its service life is 15-20 years.
• Maintainability. The entire maintenance of the facade surface is a renewal of color and filling of cracks.
• Ease of installation of the structure. Every homeowner will be able to master the rules of facade insulation with a wet method and do it with his own hands.

Disadvantages:

• Restriction on carrying out work at subzero temperatures. Do not carry out finishing work outdoors in a wet way in late autumn and winter.
• The need to use only high-quality factory-made building materials and follow the instructions for their use. Violation of the production technology, poor-quality material can cause peeling of the plaster layer or destruction of the facade.

We select insulation

This is the foundation of the facade. It must be durable, lightweight and fire-resistant, remove excess moisture (vapor permeability). The most common materials are expanded polystyrene and basalt mineral wool.

Let's compare which insulation is suitable for him:

• Strength - expanded polystyrene has an average strength. Density stone wool much higher.
• Lightness - the mass of basalt mineral wool is slightly higher than that of expanded polystyrene. This is leveled by its safety margin.
• Vapor permeability - mineral wool is an order of magnitude better than expanded polystyrene, which practically does not conduct moisture.
• Fire resistance - unlike foam, stone wool does not burn and does not emit harmful substances.

Mineral wool

Based on the comparative analysis, we conclude that mineral wool - the best way for insulation using wet facade technology. It is stronger and more reliable. Its vapor permeability allows condensed moisture to evaporate well. Mineral wool complies with modern fire codes and regulations.

The thickness of the insulation depends on several factors:

• Climatic region. For different areas there are different norms for the thermal conductivity of building envelopes. The thickness of the insulation layer depends on this.
• Wall base material. Brick, concrete, foam block have different thermal conductivity. With the same wall thickness of these materials, a different amount of insulation is required.

Excess insulation is just as harmful as a lack. Excessive heat provokes constant ventilation. Condensation forms around open windows and flows through the insulation. As a result, the wall gets wet and begins to collapse.

Necessary building materials and rules for their calculation

Before the start installation works all materials and tools must be prepared. A lack of material will slow down the progress of work, an overabundance will lead to a rise in cost.

• Basalt mineral wool. After determining with the layer thickness, you need to calculate required volume... There are two standard sizes of slabs 1000 × 600 and 1200 × 600 mm. First, the area of ​​the walls is calculated and 10% is added (stock for trimming and scrap). Then the area of ​​one sheet of mineral wool is calculated. The total area is divided by the unit area. The result is the required number of sheets of insulation.

The area of ​​the walls is calculated excluding window and door openings.

• Guide profile. It is measured in running meters. Its amount is equal to the perimeter of the building plus 10% of the supply. The width of the profile must match the width of the sheet of basalt wool. The number of connectors for the profile is calculated from the standard of 4 pcs. one pull.

Base profile

• Dowel - nails. These are fasteners for the guide profile. The size depends on the wall material. Long - for loose materials (aerated concrete, foam block), short - for solid (brick, concrete). Consumption rate - 1 pc. 30-50 cm of the profile.
• Concrete contact. Serves to improve the adhesion between the adhesive and the wall. Consumption rate 300-500 ml / m 2.
• Adhesive mixture for stone wool. There are universal compositions for all types of insulation, but it is recommended to select it for a specific material. Consumption rate 4-8 kg / m 2.
• Spacer dowels. Additionally, mineral wool is attached. Their length depends on the thickness of the insulation. Consumption rate 5-6 pcs / m 2.
• Facade plaster... Layer thickness 4-8 mm. Consumption rate 4-8 kg / m 2.
• Facade mesh. There are plastic, metal, fiberglass. Consumption rate 1.1 m.p. on 1 m 2 of surface.

Facade mesh

• Plastic corners for plastering window slopes. Measured in running meters. The total length is equal to the perimeter of the windows plus 10% of the headroom.
• Priming. Consumption rate 200-300 g / m 2.
• Decorative plaster or facade paint. It is chosen depending on the wishes and preferences of the client. Consumption rates vary greatly. It is better to check with a specific manufacturer.

DIY works on the device of a wet facade

After the completion of the calculations, the preparation of all materials and tools, the main stage begins - the finishing of the facade. It is performed sequentially, adhering to certain rules:

Preparatory work

An audit of the facade surface is carried out, problem areas are identified and eliminated:

Preparatory work

• Old paint... Interferes with the adhesion of the wall to facade glue... The surface is cleaned with an iron brush or grinder.
• Old plaster. Weak areas are beaten off, cracks are sewn up and covered with cement mortar.
• Solution build-up. Fight off with a hammer, chisel or spatula.
• Small irregularities. Closed up with facade glue or cement-sand mixture.

Differences in the wall surface of more than 2 cm by 2 m are leveled with a cement-sand mortar.

• Extraneous elements. They are cut or covered with cement mortar.

Installing the guide profile

This is the foundation on which the insulation for the wet facade will stand. The load is evenly distributed. Congested areas are not formed.

First of all, the horizon is beaten off. A horizontal line is drawn along the entire perimeter of the facade using a laser level, a level and a rope. Height from the ground 300-400 mm. This will prevent the mineral wool from settling on wet ground.

Then the profile is attached. It is mounted strictly along the broken line using dowel-nails or dowel-screws. The step of installation of fasteners is 300-500 mm. The profile is connected to each other with special fasteners with a deformation gap of 2-4 mm.

If the profile width is less than 80 mm, then 2 fasteners are enough for one rod. If more than 80 mm, then 4 pcs.

The ends of the corner profiles are cut at 45 °. Then they connect. A deformation gap of 2-4 mm is left.

Insulation installation

The glue is mixed. It is better to use plastic containers, for example, buckets of facade paint. Part of the water is poured into the bucket. Then the glue is poured out, and the remaining water is poured out. The solution is mixed with a mixer.

It is better to use a special knife for cutting stone wool sheets. Another tool breaks the cutting line.

The adhesive is applied to the mineral board with a ribbed trowel over the entire area. Then a sheet of insulation is pressed against the wall with effort. Installation starts from the corner of the bottom row.

The first row of insulation should fit snugly on the guide profile.

Sheets are glued in a checkerboard pattern. It is strictly forbidden to glue a seam into a seam. The minimum size of the insulation element that is attached to the corner is 200 mm. All corners are tied according to the rule of the lock (similar to the binding of brickwork).

Insulation installation

Special attention should be given to the slopes. They are finished with sheets of stone wool of less thickness.

It is forbidden to match vertical and horizontal joints of the insulation with the lines of the slopes. A dressing is made between them.

• The verticality of the facade plane is checked using a building level 2-2.5 m long.
• The glue mixture dries for 72 hours. Then the insulation is additionally attached to the wall with plastic dowels. Each sheet needs 5 pieces.
• Holes for fasteners are drilled using a hammer drill and a concrete drill. The depth is set based on the size of the dowel plus 20-100 mm.

The drilling depth depends on the wall material. For foam concrete - 100 mm. For bricks - 20 mm.

• All gaps between the sheets are sealed with pieces of stone wool, cut in the shape of a wedge.

Plastering works

A special plastering compound is used for facades. It is diluted in water and mixed with a mixer.

Plastering works

First, corners and slopes are reinforced. Along them with a notched trowel, strips of mortar are applied and plastic corners are attached.

Then the main surface of the facade is plastered. It is better to start work from the corner. The first layer of plaster is applied 2-3 mm. The facade mesh is pressed into it. After 20-30 minutes. preliminary grouting is carried out. For this, a plaster float is used.

The plaster mesh is laid with an overlap of 100 mm.

At the end of the preliminary grouting, a second layer of plaster 2-3 mm thick is applied. The surface is leveled and trowelled with a trowel and a trowel.

If you need to plaster your facade with decorative plaster, then the second layer can be omitted. It is applied only for painting.

Finishing

The facade is finished with decorative plaster and painted.

A wet façade will protect building structures, keep you warm and brighten the look of your home.

Remember - the success of doing work with your own hands depends on 30% of the quality of materials and 70% of the correct technology.

I have already written about the wet facade technology 3 times, after having experienced the work of warming a house using the VWS system (expanded polystyrene) of one Astrakhan specialist "from the company" with a Ceresit certificate. I had to delve into, so as not to fill up the sowing from the word "absolutely". To make it easier to find information, below is a list of posts with an analysis of the wet facade technology:

• what kind of insulation to use for a wet facade foam or mineral wool, what kind of reinforcing mesh to choose, etc., then you can read about all this;
• what thickness of insulation to choose 50 or 100mm, read;
• how to make a smooth finish on a wet facade, read;

Since there is never a lot of good information, and even more so on works that are sensitive to the observance of technology, which is the technology of insulating a wet facade. I decided that the reproduction of good information will play into the hands of everyone. Moreover, the author does not mind.

General appearance, wet facade according to the VWS Ceresit / (c) Ceresit system

Some points are highlighted by me in order to draw attention to myself. Critical information is highlighted in red. Yellow requiring attention, blue of general meaning.

Schedule of works on insulation and finishing of facades according to the Ceresit system

Let's designate the main stages of work production:

1. Installation of scaffolding.
2. Preparation of walls for gluing insulation, treatment with antifungal agents and primers.
3. Hanging the facade with laces, determining the actual thickness of the insulation in different parts of the facade. Installation of a temporary starting profile to start gluing the insulation.
4. Installation of junction elements on blocks of window and door openings.
5. Bonding insulation with simultaneous alignment of the façade planes with Ceresit polymer-cement or polyurethane glue.
6. Coating gaps between sheets of insulation with strips of insulation, foaming the seams between sheets of expanded polystyrene with high-quality polyurethane foam.
7. Sanding the insulation planes under the 3-meter rule.
8. Installation of dowels.
9. Installation of diagonal and internal kerchiefs, corners, droppers using Ceresit polymer-cement glue.
10. Arrangement of a basic reinforcing layer on the main planes of the facade using Ceresit polymer-cement glue and facade fiberglass mesh.
11. Application of Ceresit CT 16 quartz primer.
12. Application of decorative Ceresit plaster.
13. Dismantling of scaffolding.

1. Installation of scaffolding

Before starting work, it is necessary to correctly install the scaffolding.

Scaffolding should be installed at a distance from the outer wall equal to the thickness of the insulation plus 45 cm.

For anchoring the scaffolding, it is necessary to effectively use balcony slabs and other structures, which make it possible to reduce the number of attachment points passing through the thermal insulation system being arranged. Where the scaffold must be directly anchored to the outer wall, the anchors should be installed with a slight downward slope. This will prevent rainwater from getting inside the insulation layer. For the convenience of installation of thermal insulation systems, scaffolding should be installed with a start at the corners of the building at a distance of at least 2 m.

2. Preparation of walls for gluing insulation, treatment with antifungal agents and primers

The preparation of the building base should include the following operations:

• mechanical cleaning of the base from the remnants of mortar, dirt (dust, chalk, etc.)
• mechanical removal of fungi, lichens, mosses, blue-green algae, mold and subsequent treatment of the affected areas with the antifungal agent Ceresit CT99, perform the work in accordance with the work schedule indicated on the Ceresit CT 99 bank;

• examination bearing capacity grounds;
• removal of crumbling and fragile areas of the base;
• filling flaws in the base surface with a depth of more than 10 mm with repair plaster Ceresit CT 24, Ceresit CT 29;

• treatment of the base with the universal primer Ceresit CT 17 (when working with aerated concrete, silicate and red bricks, multi-slot blocks, expanded clay concrete and other bases, priming with a primer diluted with water in three passes 1x6, 1x4, 1x2, apply with a sprayer and a liner);

• mechanical application of a primer with an apparatus:

Mechanical application of Ceresit CT 16 primer.

• cleaning from rust and treatment with an anti-corrosion primer of metal parts covered by a thermal insulation system;

3. Hanging the facade with strings, determining the actual thickness of the insulation in different parts of the facade. Setting a temporary start profile.

The sagging of the facade is necessary in order to determine the actual deviations of the facade plane from flatness and to select the thickness of the insulation for its alignment.

In the four extreme corners of the facade plane, cuttings of 12mm-14mm reinforcement are hammered, two on top and two on the bottom. To the upper reinforcement on the right and left, laces are tied at a distance equal to the thickness of the insulation plus 5-10mm. At the same distance, the laces are tied to the lower pieces of reinforcement.

Next, the parallelism of the laces installed relative to each other is checked. They can be installed vertically, can be installed with a deviation from the vertical to one side or the other, but always parallel to each other in order to create a plane. A sliding lace is installed on the laces with clips.

A final check of the plane is made, an executive diagram of the actual deviations of the original plane is made. At different points of the facade, the actual distance from the laces to the insulated surface is measured with a tape measure and entered into the diagram.

This scheme is presented to the Customer.

After that, the analysis of the results obtained is carried out, if necessary, in some places the insulation will be cut in thickness during gluing, in others, insulation of greater thickness will be used. The thickness of the insulation in these places should be chosen according to the formula:

INSULATION THICKNESS = DISTANCE BETWEEN LOOPS AND INSULATED PLANE - 10mm.

After the facade has been hung with strings, a temporary starter profile is installed. This is a board or block with a flat top edge 40-50 mm thick, so that the first row of heat-insulating plates glued to the facade rests on it. Usually it is installed under the first row of "L" -shaped sheets of insulation under the lower row of windows.

A temporary start profile is established.

4. Installation of junction elements on blocks of window and door openings

During insulation, the insulation must go over the window frame at least 15-20 mm to prevent a cold bridge. An abutment element with a grid is glued to the window frame from three sides, top, right and left.

5. Bonding insulation with simultaneous alignment of the façade planes with Ceresit polymer-cement or polyurethane glue.

Insulation is glued onto cement or polyurethane foam glue, glue-foam.

As practice shows, gluing on Ceresit CT 84 glue-foam is faster and more convenient. Note Andrey.

Application of Ceresit CT 83 / CT 85 cement glue

The application of cement glue Ceresit ST 83, Ceresit ST 85 on expanded polystyrene is carried out as follows, the application of the blooper and edging around the perimeter:

After installing the thermal insulation board in the design position, the adhesive contact area should be at least 40% of the bonded surface.

ADHESIVE ON ONE BLOODS WITHOUT EDGING IS NOT PERMISSIBLE UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES.

Why it is impossible to glue the foam on the bloopers, see below.

Applying Ceresit CT 83 glue with a 10-12 mm comb:

Ceresit CT 84 adhesive foam application

The application of polyurethane foam glue, Ceresit CT 84 glue-foam is carried out as follows, also with the formation CLOSED CIRCUIT:

Video gluing insulation on foam Ceresit Ct 84

Applying cement glue to mineral wool board

The surface of the mineral wool slab is preliminarily primed with Ceresit CT 180, Ceresit CT 190 glue, the glue is pressed into the surface of the mineral wool slab with force:

or by the method of edging with Easter cakes (bloopers), NOTE on the remark after the pictures.

Applying glue only with bloopers (Easter cakes) is a gross violation of technology. This is how the ventilated facade is made of insulation. In this case, air does not play the role of insulation. This was mentioned by you can also watch the video right here:

If you are glued to blunders and they say "everything will be fine", chase such specialists, and better discuss it in advance.

Strive for adhesion to the comb, i.e. you should take care of the evenly plastered facade before starting work on the insulation of the facade.

During gluing, the insulation boards are trimmed from the side adjacent to the facade, on which the glue will be applied. Cutting of expanded polystyrene is carried out with the help of a bow saw - this tool is popularly called "Goat". Cutting edge made of nichrome thread 0.7-1.2 mm, transformer 220/24 Volt, power 250-400 watts.

Video of cutting a sheet of expanded polystyrene by thickness, the shooting was made during the training of the customer's team of workers:

Video of cutting a sheet of polystyrene by thickness using a "goat".

You can also trim the insulation with specialized knives, bread knives with teeth, a hacksaw with a fine tooth, sand with an emery float.

Bonding polystyrene foam on Ceresit CT 83 / CT 85 glue

At the corners of window and door openings, whole sheets of insulation are installed, since they are stress concentrators, this allows you to further avoid the appearance of cracks on the facade.

The gluing usually starts with the bottom “G” -sheet.

The minimum step for the L-shki is 200mm.

At the time of gluing, vertical and sliding laces are used, the three-meter rule.

Bonding expanded polystyrene foam on Ceresit ST 84

Glueing on CeresitCT 84 glue-foam is carried out using the rule. At the initial moment, Ceresit CT 84 glue has zero adhesion, in fact, gluing occurs in 7-12 minutes, depending on temperature, humidity and pressure. Two hours after gluing, you can proceed to the device of the base reinforcing layer.

6. Coating gaps between sheets of insulation with strips of insulation, foaming the seams between sheets of expanded polystyrene with high-quality polyurethane foam

After the end of gluing, after 72 hours, on the cement-based adhesives Ceresit CT 83, Ceresit CT 85, Ceresit CT 180, Ceresit CT 190, you can start stamping the gaps between the sheets. To do this, you can use wedge strips cut from insulation. It is better to foam the cracks between the expanded polystyrene sheets with high-quality homogeneous polyurethane foam such as Ceresit TS 52, Ceresit TS 62, Ceresit TS 65, Ceresit TS 66. For this, the seam is pierced with a construction gun to the very base, to the wall, the trigger is pressed and the gun is removed at the same time. Punctures of seams and joints between sheets of expanded polystyrene are made in increments of approximately 50 mm.

Allowable slot width up to 12mm (The figure is not accurate, subject to verification, who knows, write in the comments!)

Foaming seams and joints between sheets at the construction site

As a result, all seams are thoroughly foamed, Ceresit foam reliably glues expanded polystyrene sheets together, creating a monolithic structure.

7. Sanding the insulation planes under the three-meter rule

Sanding is carried out using a plywood grater 400 x 600 mm, 500 x 700 mm with a sandpaper with a coarse grain of 100 microns (1 mm) glued to it. Such sanding allows you to smooth out small irregularities that have turned out when gluing the insulation due to initial deviations in the geometry of the sheets to be glued and due to mistakes during gluing. It is absolutely impossible to use small graters on large surfaces, since small graters, when sanding, form irregularities and depressions.

Video sanding planes under the three-meter rule.

Video of the final alignment of the facade.

8. Installation of dowels

The dowels additionally attach the insulation sheets to the facade, are installed either in accordance with the official recommendations of the system holders, two in the middle of the slab and the rest at the joints of the slab with neighboring slabs.

Or one "star" in the middle and four dowels into the body of the insulation closer to the edges:

• Installation of dowels according to the scheme. "Correct" dowel with a metal core. Photo 6.
• Installation of dowels according to the scheme. "Correct" dowel with a metal core. Photo 7.

If the wall to be insulated is made of monolithic reinforced concrete, solid brick, expanded clay concrete, then the expansion zone of the dowel should be 50 mm, the total length of the dowel is approximately the thickness of the insulation + 50 mm.

If the wall to be insulated is made of foam concrete, aerated concrete, slot bricks, multi-slot blocks, warm ceramics, then the spacer zone is 100 mm, the total length of the dowel is approximately the thickness of the insulation +100 mm.

On top of the dowel, you need to carefully cover it with Ceresit ST 85 or ST 190 glue, the covering is done after the final sanding of the planes under the three-meter rule.

Video installation of dowels.

9. Installation of diagonal and internal kerchiefs, corners, droppers using Ceresit polymer cement glue

The device of the base reinforcing layer begins with the installation of diagonal and internal gussets at the corners of window and door openings. It must be remembered that before installing the base reinforcing layer, the surface of the mineral wool board must be primed with CeresitCT 190 glue, with an effort to press the glue into the surface of the mineral wool.

Then the base reinforcing layer is made on the decorative elements of the facade, made of expanded polystyrene

10. Arrangement of the basic reinforcing layer on the main planes of the facade.

The base reinforcing layer is made with the use of Ceresit CT 85, Ceresit CT 190 polymer-cement glue and a front glass fabric mesh 165 g / m2, cell size 5 x 5 mm.

After installing the kerchiefs, the base reinforcing layer is installed on the main planes. CeresitST 85 glue is applied to the surface of expanded polystyrene with a metal trowel, a facade fiberglass mesh is applied, then it is embedded in the glue, the excess is removed into a bucket. The minimum roll over roll is 100 mm, rolls are installed vertically.

After drying, a constriction-filling is done, this is done in order to level out irregularities and hide the mesh in a layer of Ceresit CT 85 glue.

The device of a base reinforcing layer with a mineral wool board is made in a similar way.

Before work, we re-check the mineral wool surface for the presence of "crust" - inclusions from pieces of metal and droplets of a binder. All "korolki" must be removed. In the presence of large beads, sections of the mineral wool slab are cut out and replaced with new ones.

After that, we proceed to priming the mineral wool slab with Ceresit CT 190 cement glue. The surface of the mineral wool slab is primed with Ceresit CT 190 glue, apply the glue with a metal trowel, press it into the structure of the mineral wool, remove the excess on a sdir. After we wait for the glue to dry completely and revise the surface. In some places where the mineral wool slab turned out to be inhomogeneous, we will see a bubbling of the primer layer, it departs from the base, grasping in the inhomogeneous fibers of mineral wool. In these meta we remove the heterogeneity and repeat the operation - again let the primer layer dry completely, repeat again if necessary.

WE SHOULD OBTAIN A HOMOGENEOUS MINERALWOOD SURFACE COATED WITH A THIN LAYER OF GLUE WITHOUT BUBBLES AND BUGGLES WITH DEFLECTIONS OF 4-6 MM PER RULE OF THREE METERS

Next, a base reinforcing layer is made. CeresitCT 190 glue is applied to the glue-primed surface and the facade fiberglass mesh is embedded in it. The overlap of a roll on a roll is not less than 100 mm. There are corresponding marks on the rolls of the Facade fiberglass mesh, making it easy to track it.

The overlap of the fiberglass mesh can be more than 100 mm, but it cannot be less!

After drying, the base is tightened with liquid glue to remove minor irregularities in order to completely hide the texture of the fiberglass mesh.

Application of Ceresit CT 16 quartz primer

When the base reinforcing layer is completely dry, not less than 72 hours after the last constriction, you can start applying Ceresit CT 16 quartz primer. Ceresit CT 16 primer is applied with a brush, a wide brush, and a flute. The primer can be a white, non-tinted base, or it can be painted to match the color of the future Ceresit decorative plaster.

Application of Ceresit decorative plaster

Ceresit decorative plaster is applied with a metal and trowelled with a plastic trowel. This applies to decorative plasters with bark beetle texture Ceresit CT 64, Ceresit CT 63, Ceresit CT 175, Ceresit CT 35 and pebble texture Ceresit CT 60, Ceresit CT 174, Ceresit CT 137.

On decorative elements, pebble decorative plaster textures Ceresit CT 60, Ceresit CT 174, Ceresit CT 137 can be applied by spraying using a tarkret gun, or manually.

The final appearance of houses insulated using VWS / WM technology (wet facade) Ceresit

As a result, we get beautiful, reliable Ceresit facades, warm, economical and comfortable for living at home.

• Appearance finished facade according to the VWS / WM Ceresit system. Photo 1.
• The appearance of the finished facade according to the VWS / WM Ceresit system. Photo 2.
• The appearance of the finished facade according to the VWS / WM Ceresit system. Photo 3.
• The appearance of the finished facade according to the VWS / WM Ceresit system. Photo 4.
• The appearance of the finished facade according to the VWS / WM Ceresit system. Photo 5.
• The appearance of the finished facade according to the VWS / WM Ceresit system. Photo 6.
• The appearance of the finished facade according to the VWS / WM Ceresit system. Photo 7.

The article is based on materials from ForumHaus user with the nickname Reliable. Perhaps someone will say that he lobbies for the interests of Ceresit and sells their goods. Firstly, it is not a sin to observe technology and trade in quality goods; secondly, the technology will be almost 1-in-1 for any wet facade system, whether it be Kraisel or something else.

In our country, the most widespread are two systems for installing facades: hinged ventilated and the so-called "wet". The latter are distinguished by a simpler design, but at the same time retain excellent thermal insulation characteristics. The very name "wet" considered the type of facade received from the builders due to the fact that during its construction, various solutions and compositions on a water basis are used. As an external decoration in wet facades, as a rule, thin-layer plaster is used. The resulting design copes well with the changeable Russian climate and helps to significantly save on heating in the autumn-winter period.

Remember that you can start any exterior decoration only after the building has shrunk (in the case of a new building). In addition, experts recommend erecting a "wet" facade only after the completion of the installation of the roof, decoration of rooms, installation of doors with windows, as well as all electrical work.

Structural diagram of a "wet" facade

Let's start with the disadvantages. Thermal insulation of building facades according to the technology under consideration requires a serious approach in terms of compliance with the requirements regarding the ambient temperature and its humidity during the installation period. It is imperative to carry out all work at a temperature of + 5 ° C and above, at a low level of humidity. Failure to comply with this rule can subsequently lead to rather sad results, such as peeling off the plaster.

It should be noted that the construction of a wet-type facade is possible even with sub-zero temperatures... To do this, the facade itself is first covered with a special plastic wrap, and then begin to inject an air gap under it with the help of heat guns. The use of film also helps to protect the walls from dust and dirt, which can leave a permanent mark on a dry façade. Thus, thanks to this simple technique, favorable working conditions are achieved.

Wet facade technology

But, despite all the existing limitations, the "wet" type facade systems have many advantages:

• It guarantees a high level of noise and heat insulation at home.
• Allows to provide energy savings in winter by about 2 times. In addition, it significantly increases the efficiency of air conditioning systems in the summer.
• Allows to displace the “dew point” outside the building, which helps to achieve the most optimal heat transfer and avoid moisture accumulation inside the thermal insulation layer.
• Contributes to the formation of a balanced indoor microclimate thanks to the ventilated external facade finish. This has a beneficial effect on the health of people living in the house, prevents the reproduction of pathogens and the appearance of fungal formations on the walls.
• Reliably protects the facade and load-bearing elements of the building structure from the negative influence of weather conditions.
• It is possible to mount a "wet facade" on structures with any type of main building material.
• With the help of this technology, it is possible to seal the seams in panel houses.
• Installation of a "wet" type facade requires less financial costs and allows you to significantly save on construction work.
• Thanks to a wide range of color and texture solutions, the use of this technique allows you to implement a wide variety of design projects. And the use modern technologies applying finishing decorative plasters makes it possible to obtain truly unique and aesthetically exclusive results.
• "Wet" finish is easy to complete and partial renovation, repair and restoration. After many years, you can easily repair the facade in those places where it will be necessary.
• This type of installation significantly reduces the load on the foundation.

Comparison of Wet Finishing and Surface Mounting Technologies

Naturally, any technology in construction is not ideal and has its own characteristics. Since at the beginning of the article we indicated that two facade installation systems are most popular with us, it would not be superfluous to conduct a brief comparative analysis.

	Hinged ventilated facade	Facade system of "wet" type
Durability	Depending on the materials used, it can last up to half a century without the need for repairs.	Unfavorable atmospheric influences can lead to a gradual destruction of the outer layer of the finish. Partial repairs may be required after 3-5 years. However, with the use of material that meets the standards and the observance of technological standards, the "wet" facade will function calmly for 25 years.
Installation features	The installation of the curtain wall can be carried out all year round.	Requires special temperature conditions (> + 5 ° C) and low humidity. During cold weather, installation work will be associated with excessive costs of time and money.
Facade maintenance and care	The curtain wall can be easily and relatively quickly cleaned of dirt and dust.	Often times, dirt and dust will eat into the outer layer of the plaster, complicating the cleaning process.
Exposure to the greenhouse effect	Due to the air ventilation layer inside the facade, a pressure drop arises, which helps to remove excess moisture outside. This avoids the appearance of the greenhouse effect.	Errors in the selection process finishing materials can lead to a greenhouse effect. As a result, the plaster layer may begin to deteriorate.
Price	Installation of a ventilated facade is quite expensive, but it is less whimsical in operation compared to the "wet" one.	The "wet" type facade is cheap, but requires proper maintenance, periodic cleaning and renovation.
Scope of application	They are used for finishing buildings with medium and large façade areas. As a rule, these are urban buildings: business centers, supermarkets, company offices, administrative buildings.	It has proven itself perfectly when decorating summer cottages, cottages and other buildings erected outside the city limits.

Installation instructions

The wet-type facade finishing process takes place in six main stages. Let's take a closer look at each of them.

Preparatory work

At this stage of work, it is necessary to assess the base, on top of which all technological layers will then be applied. The unfinished wall should first be cleaned of any dirt present. If a "wet" facade is to be built over an existing exterior finish, check its bearing and adhesive characteristics before starting installation work. If the facade is covered from the outside with a material that tends to absorb moisture, it must first be well primed. You should also carefully inspect the exterior finish for damaged areas or surface distortions. If such flaws are found, you need to fix everything by sealing them with a plaster solution. In addition, before the start of construction work, old plaster from the door slopes, as well as window openings it is desirable to remove it altogether.

Front primer prices

Front primer

Arrangement of a basement profile

At this stage, we will need to install the profile strip. Its function is to provide a more even distribution of the mechanical pressure generated by the thermal insulation boards. In addition, the profile allows you to protect the bottom row of the insulation from moisture.

When securing the profile frame, you must adhere to the following recommendations:

• The metal profile must be positioned about 40 centimeters above the ground. At the same time, at least 20-30 cm should remain to the plane of the floor of the room to be insulated.
• Before installing the profile, using a thread stretched between the self-tapping screws screwed in at the corners of the building, the marking is performed.
• The profile must be fixed strictly parallel to the ground, therefore, the correct tension of the thread and the correctness of its subsequent installation must be checked using a level.
• Small gaps (approx. 3 mm) must be left between the individual profile strips, into which special connecting plugs are inserted. They are designed to compensate for possible thermal expansion of materials.
• Fix the profile with dowels and self-tapping screws in increments of 20 to 50 centimeters. The choice of the interval depends on the weight of the insulating material with which the facade will be covered. For lightweight foam one fastener is enough for every half meter. But for heavy mineral wool, the attachment points must be much tighter.
• The finishing of the corners of the building is carried out using a special corner profile or an oblique cut. For outlining blunt and sharp corners the profile strip is trimmed accordingly.

Laying of thermal insulation boards

Insulation of "wet" type facade structures, as a rule, is carried out with the help of polystyrene (expanded polystyrene) or mineral wool slabs. The fixation and fastening of the insulation is carried out using glue, while adhering to the following sequence of actions:

1. We apply an adhesive solution with a wide strip along the perimeter of the heat-insulating plate, having previously offset from the edges by about three centimeters. We also apply glue inside the formed perimeter using the dotted method. Upon completion of this step mortar at least half of the entire area of ​​the insulation slab must be covered.

Please note: if you use lamellar mats for insulation, you must completely glue their entire fastening surface with glue.

1. We carry out the fixing of the plates. You should start from the bottom, starting from the basement profile. We firmly press the insulation treated with the solution to the wall, not forgetting to immediately remove any excess adhesive solution during the installation process. We lay the heat-insulating layer using the spreading method (by analogy with brickwork) in rows, that is, we place the joint of any two plates of the upper row on the center line of the lower plate.

1. We wait about three days for the glue to dry and proceed to the next step. Now we need to additionally fix the plates with expansion dowels. Their length should be calculated based on three main parameters:

• plate thickness.
• the thickness of the layer formed by the adhesive solution.
• the required depth of entry of the dowel into the wall. This parameter depends on the type of exterior wall decoration. V solid wall it is enough to fix the dowel by 5 centimeters, but the porous surface requires that the fasteners enter it by 9-10 centimeters.

Accordingly, the required length of the dowel will be equal to the sum of the above parameters.

Fixing the insulation with disc dowels

The density of the fasteners on square meter may also vary. Depending on the mass of the insulation boards, the diameter of the dowels themselves and the height of the row, this number will be from 5 to 15 pieces.

1. Immediately before starting the installation of the dowel, a nest is drilled for it. The clamping sleeves are fixed flush relative to the plane of the heat-insulating plate.

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

Fiberglass reinforcement mesh installation

Between the completion of the installation of the thermal insulation and the installation of the reinforcing layer, one to three days should elapse. On top of the insulation, we apply a special adhesive solution, in which we will embed the fiberglass reinforcing net. This type of work should start from the corners of the building and the corner bevels of door and window openings. After installation from above, cover the recessed mesh with another layer of adhesive. The thickness of the interlayer obtained should generally be in the range of six millimeters. The optimum depth of the mesh under the top layer of glue, in turn, will be about one and a half millimeters.

Carrying out exterior finishing works

After waiting for the complete drying of the reinforcing layer, the period of which can be from three to seven days, we can proceed to the next stage of work. Remember that the application of the final plaster layer requires appropriate conditions, namely:

• Ambient temperatures from +5 to +30 0 С
• Low air humidity
• Lack of influence of direct sunlight (it is better to carry out work in a natural or artificially created shade)
• Favorable weather conditions, lack of strong wind and precipitation

Naturally, it is possible to achieve their implementation artificially with the help of heat guns, covering the facade with a special film, but professionals still recommend carrying out the final work in the warm season.

Exterior plaster should be chosen very carefully. The durability of the resulting finish will largely depend on its quality.

Plaster must have a number of important characteristics:

• Excellent steam permeability.
• Moisture resistance.
• Durability, resistance to mechanical damage and atmospheric conditions.

Arrangement of waterproofing and finishing of the basement part of the walls

Before starting work on the arrangement of the basement, it is necessary to waterproof the adjacent area and the lower part of the walls of the building using a blind area. The sequence of actions itself is similar to general technology finishes with minor additions:

• Additional fixation of insulation boards with dowels is allowed at a height of 30 centimeters above the ground.
• The reinforcing layer of the basement part of the wall is made double.
• The external finish of the basement is carried out using ceramic or stone (including artificial stone) slabs, as well as mosaic plaster.

Prices for coating waterproofing

Coating waterproofing

We hope that the presented in the article routing on the installation work will help you to understand in detail all the nuances of the construction of the "wet" type facade and will allow you to perform many of the operations discussed on your own.

Video - installation instructions for wet plaster facade part 1

Video - installation instructions for wet plaster facade part 2