Modern insulation, developed with the help of the latest technologies, are used in construction for the insulation of the indoor space of the house. The material "saves" from winter cold, while holding in the room heat, and from summer heat, delaying coolness.

Each type of new materials has its application technology. You need to read it when buying. Depending on the composition, three groups of surface insulation are distinguished.

Organic. They are insulated at home with moderate humidity and, most often, only on the inside of the room.

This group is represented by the following types:

• Wood;
• Linen;
• Cork;
• Sea grass.

Inorganic. Suitable for the insulation of the walls of the house from the street and from the inside:

• Mineral insulation (most popular with mineral wool and plates);
• Basalt fiber;
• Fiberglass;
• Cellular concretes;
• Polystyrene foam;
• Polyeneetylene.

Mixed. These insulation are represented by the composition of organic and inorganic elements. Group representatives - Mountain Materials:

• Perlite;
• Asbestos;
• Vermikulit and others.

Insulation Perlit

Note! Through the use of new technologies, developed insulation ergonomic and safe for ecology.

Construction uses a wide variety of new insulation materials. What parameters you need to pay attention to choosing, discussed below.

Modern thermal insulation materials are characterized by the following properties:

1. Thermal conductivity;
2. The degree of porosity;
3. Degree of strength;
4. Steam permeability indicator;
5. The degree of water absorption;
6. Resistance to biological processes;
7. Resistance to fire;
8. Resistance to temperature differences;
9. Heat capacity.

The thermal conductivity parameter of the insulation depends on other properties - the amount of moisture, the degree of strength and porosity, temperature and structure. It indicates how much heat will go through the surface. The conductivity indicator of heat is calculated with regard to a certain pattern and time (heating through 1m2 material per hour).

The construction of the insulation porosity parameter is important, since the further functionality of the material depends on its degree.

Distinguish the following types of pores:

• Open;
• Closed;
• Large;
• Small.

When choosing a heater, you need to pay attention to the strength parameter. Its minimum and maximum limit is 0.2 and 2.5 MPa. This is especially needed in the case of material carriage. High strength indicator will protect the surface from of different kind Damage.

The measurement of the degree of permeability of the steam will indicate the amount of its penetration - through 1M2 insulation per hour. The correct calculation suggests the same temperature indicator from the internal and outside walls (despite the fact that they differ).

In rainy areas, a high absorption rate of the insulation moisture is required. In this case, it is necessary to give preference in this case with new materials with moisture-repellent elements in composition, for example, a mineral wool. The following parameter depends on the degree of absorption of moisture.

The higher the material in the degree of protection against moisture, the stronger its resistance to biological processes. Mold, microorganisms, insects, etc. destroy the coating structure. Therefore, the insulation must have a property of protection against these processes.

Fire resistance - Important insulation security parameter developed by modern technology. You need to choose a material with a high degree of fire protection.

Pay attention to the generally accepted fire safety indicators:

• The ability of the material to flammability;
• Combustion;
• Smoke formation;
• Level of toxicity.

Resistance to temperature drops is important in all climatic conditions. This parameter is represented by the limit. Under its influence, the structure of the heat coating will begin to collapse.

The heat capacity parameter indicates the possibility of insulation to withstand influence low temperatures. This is especially important for cold locations. Good new insulation Freeze and disposed without disrupting the structure.

9 Popular Materials: Advantages and Disadvantages of the Best Heater

The insulation material market is represented by a huge variety of assortment. Below are considered most often used types.

This is a fibrous material. Of all kinds of insulation, it is the most popular, since its technology is simple, and the price is low.

Advantages:

• Refractory;
• Good insulation from noise;
• Frost resistance;
• Big porosity.

Disadvantages:

• Upon contact with the moisture, the properties of heat conservation are reduced;
• Small strength;
• Application requires availability additional material - Films.

Manufacturing technology implies a similar composition with glass. Hence the name of the material. Benefits:

• Big sound insulation;
• High strength;
• Moisture protection;
• Resistance to high temperatures.

Disadvantages:

• A short service life;
• Smaller thermal insulation;
• Formaldehyde in composition (not all).

For the manufacture of this material in production, glass powder and gas-forming elements are used. Pros:

• Waterproof;
• Frost resistance;
• High resistance to fire.

• High price;
• Madness of air.

Cellulosic Vata.

This material is also called an eclaw, it has a grain structure, the cost is small. Benefits:

• Good heat insulation;
• Distribution of material in the slit;
• Exchange moisture without disorders of the structure and properties.

Disadvantages:

• Bore;
• Low strength;
• Labor-intensive application.

Bung

Its greater prevalence is caused by an environmentally friendly composition. The material has a significant disadvantage - a big value. Advantages:

• Low weight;
• Resistance to biological processes;
• High strength level;
• Incombustibility.

Produce material in two ways - using or without a press. The structure is medium-sized. Pros:

• Big heat insulation;
• Waterproof;
• Low price.

• Flammable;
• Impermeability;
• Disruption of the structure during freezing.

The structure of this material is small capsules, inside them - air. Advantages:

• Elastic;
• It gets well in irregularities;
• Has resistance to biological processes;
• Large temperature range.

Disadvantages:

• Air does not miss;
• Lights, highlighting hazardous elements;
• Application requires availability special equipment.

In the manufacture of material uses pressing method. The structure is homogeneous, is small cells with gas inside. Benefits:

• Highest strength;
• Long service life;
• Pushes moisture.

Disadvantages:

• Bore;
• Airtightness.

Considered the best liquid modern insulating material. It consists of empty small balls from ceramics. Special substances serve for them with clutch. Pros:

• Ease of use (sprayed or applied with a brush);
• Subtlety of the applied layer;
• Refractory;
• Exposure of temperature fluctuations;
• Efficiency (per 1 m2 accounts for 500 g).

Note! There is no material for use in all cases. To choose a good insulation, you need to take into account many individual room factors.

When buying heat-insulating material, the main surface parameters should be taken into account on which it will be applied, the conditions of use and the climate situation.

The high-quality insulation for the house will not only make the building more comfortable for accommodation and will reduce the cost of heating, but also will help extend the service life of other building materials, preventing their premature damage due to the freezing. It is important to choose the properly to choose the insulation: only under the observance of this condition, the thermal insulation of the house will be reliable and efficient.

How to choose a heater

Selecting the insulation for the house, take into account the following basic factors:

• type of heat-insulated design: walls (external or internal), roofing, ceiling, base, facade, balcony, etc.;
• features of the insulated design: for walls - manufacturing material, thickness, for roof - its type, for floors and facades - type finishing materialsthat will be laid on the insulation;
• technical Requirements: The insulation for the house must be environmentally friendly. In some cases, conditions are also put forward in the plan of fire safety, vapor permeability, small mass, etc.

Matters and the budget allocated to heat insulation work. It is natural that every buyer seeks to save. But when choosing a heater, you should not give preference to cheap materials of dubious quality and without specialized certificates. Their use can lead to ineffectiveness and / or the short period of thermal insulation of the house, and therefore, and additional costs associated with the replacement of the insulation already in the near future.

Pay attention to the thermal conductivity of the material. The lower this value, the larger thermal insulation indicators have a heater for the house. The thickness of the material also affects the level of thermal insulation.

Another important factor in the choice of insulation is a way to install it. Depending on the type of material and the form of its release, this may be:

• styling with fixing, sticking - for mats, plates;
• spraying - for sprayed polyurethane foam and other similar materials;
• drawing by painting tools - for liquid compositions;
• splashing - for clay and other similar materials.

The choice of application method often depends on the type of design. For example, the attic is comfortable to fall asleep with clay, and the walls are made by mats.

Popular insulation home

Mineral Wat (Basalt). The material is made from melt rocks, domain slags and consists of a set of microfolocon. The advantages of such a insulation consist of its durability, due to mechanical strength, resistance to mold and moisture, as well as in non-combustible. Mineral wool is often used for outdoor insulation (ventilated, plaster facades), thermal insulation flat roof, walls and pipelines. Choosing such a heater for the house, pay attention to the composition. Materials with phenol formaldehyde resins as a binder is not desirable to apply in residential areas.

Fiberglass. This is a kind of mineral wool consisting of glass fibers. The advantage of the material in increased chemical stability, strength and elasticity. The main minus of this insulation is a significant fragility of fibers. Bonked microfragments glass gambles cause skin irritation, carrying danger when entering eyes, difficult to remove from clothes.

Polystyrene foam (foam). it synthetic insulation For the house, which combines the maximum available cost with good thermal insulation indicators, which causes its popularity. By 98%, such a material consists of air in closed cells, its effectiveness in terms of insulation is associated with it. Among the advantages can also be noted hygroscopicity, a light weight, preserving its thermal insulation in any climatic zone. Disadvantages: Low strength, ability to oxidize in air, selection harmful substances When heated.

Sprayed polyurethane foam. This is one of the modern insulation that appeared on the market relatively recently. The material is a plastic with a foam cellular structure. It is distinguished by elasticity, breathability, good noise absorbing properties, chemical resistance, low moisture absorption. Application by spraying provides the ability to create a high-quality heat insulating layer even on structures with a complex configuration. The disadvantages are high price, sensitivity to ultravioletiolet and the ability to collapse due to the effects of high temperatures.

Ekwata.. Such a heater for the house is made of secondary cellulose (more than 80%) and additional additives (antiseptics and flames, usually used to these purposes. boric acid and sodium tetrabrate, respectively). The material is considered environmentally friendly. With the possibility of airfills, you can apply eco-friendly in raw rooms (for home it is basements, grounds, bathrooms), including those in which condensate can be formed on surfaces. The disadvantages of the material are a decrease in volumes during operation (usually by 20%) and the short-life of properties (with time, thermal insulation characteristics are reduced).

Penosop. This material It is a liquid foam produced in cylinders. The foam substance fills the slots and gaps in the design, which ensures reliable thermal insulation. No need to perform preliminary training Surfaces are missing any seams. Penosol is produced on the basis of a polymer resin, which includes diverse additives. There are foamy insulation for residential and non-residential premises. The first is characterized by an more environmentally friendly composition (usually made on the basis of urea-formaldehyde resins), the second often have better operational indicators, although they do not differ in environmental performance. After the frozen, the foamy layer has good vapor permeability, which provides a normal microclimate indoor. But such a insulation may temporarily publish nasty smell, It has high hygroscopicity and gives a linear shrinkage.

Polyester fiber. Environmentally friendly insulation for home. Does not contain adhesive and does not smell. Fibers do not break during the installation and not dust. The benefits of the material can also be attributed biological stability and minimal water absorption. It is not recommended to lay polyester fiber to the sections that are under constant pressure.

Floor insulation

Through the floor, up to 20% heat loss (for comparison: through windows and doors take up to 30%). Reduced heat loss will help insulation laid under decorative coating. Most often for floors are used by the following materials:

• foamed materials (foam, expanded polystyrene et al.) with one foil side;
• wood materials (plywood, dvp, sawdust, cork insulation);
• mineral wool.

When choosing, it is necessary to consider:

• load on the floor. The insulation should not be deformed under its impact;
• requirements for vapor permeability, hygroscopicity, noise insulation and fire safety.

Recent requirements are usually determined by the type of outdoor material and the terms of use. For example, a moistureproof foam foam is suitable for concrete, but not applied to wooden floors. Glass gamble is good noise, but due to high moisture, it does not fit into wet premises.

Types of insulation walls

First of all, it matters exactly where the insulation will be used.

• Outside the building. It is important that the material has resistance to atmospheric factors, including high humidity, temperature jumps. Polyfoam is often used for external work, basalt insulation, heat insulating plaster.
• Inside the building. The environmental friendliness of the material is of paramount importance. In some cases, the requirement of a small thickness is also put forward so that the insulation layer does not greatly reduce inner space premises. Mineral wool can be used, polystyrene foam (foam), polyester fiber.

It is also necessary to analyze the combination thermal insulation materials With wall and finishing: the insulation must be well attached to them.

Ceiling heaters

Thermal insulation ceiling can be:

• the top - the insulation is stacked, poured or pasted on the attic;
• the bottom (internal) - the material is pasted on the ceiling from within the room.

Most often for ceiling insulation used mineral wool, foam, foil polyethylene foam. The choice depends on the installation method, technical requirements To thermal insulation.

Conclusion

Due to the large range of thermal insulation materials, many homeowners find it difficult to choose the means for insulation, especially since each option has advantages and disadvantages. In such cases, it is advisable to contact the company that deals with the sale of thermal insulation materials. Specialists will consult in detail according to the characteristics of each of the insulation, help choose optimal option Taking into account the conditions of operation, type of construction, technical requirements for thermal insulation.

Nowadays, the question of the insulation of residential buildings is becoming increasingly relevant. The requirements of the construction standards on this occasion are increasing, and the developers themselves want to reduce heat loss and heating costs. To create effective isolation, safe for the health of residents, should be studied different kinds Heaters for home and then apply them for their intended purpose.

• reduce cooling buildings in winter and their heating in the summer;
• protect carrying structures from aggressive atmospheric effects;
• minimize temperature deformations of power elements and extend their service life.

Properties of insulation of different species

Quality material is selected after a comprehensive assessment of various parameters:

1. Low thermal conductivity coefficient - than it is less, the thinner will be a layer of insulation. For example, the same isolation levels provide the following types:

• mineral wool - 14;
• basalt wool, eco-water - 8.7;
• foamed polystyrene foam (foam) - 8.3;
• extruded polystyrene foam (PESEROPLEX) - 6.5 cm.

2. Resistance to moisture. If the insulation does not absorb water, it is not inclined to shrinkage and retains the insulating characteristics longer. The most moisture-resistant is the penplex, and the most hygroscopic - Minvata. To make mineral machinery insulation more hydrostile, producers are soaked with special compositions.

3. Fire resistance. Absolutely non-flammable are inorganic fibrous insulation. The polystyrene foams, polyurethane foam, highlighting poisonous substances are easily ignited. Multi-corneous foaming (carbamide foam) at a temperature of 200 ° C is only charred, and it is non-toxic. In order for the foam and eco-plastic to do not support the fire, they add anti-epires, changing the combustibility group from G4 to G1 (with high to low).

4. Parputness. For internal insulation roofs material should output wet pairs of rooms and building structures. Mineral, basalt and eco pairs are well missing, foaming (have a capillary structure) are applicable to mounting on all types of surfaces, do not allow their rotting. Polystyrene foam plates No qualities are not recommended for outdoor work.

Review of thermal insulation

According to the type of raw materials, three types of insulation are distinguished:

1. Inorganic (natural). These include materials made of glass or quartz sand melts (glass gamble); Mountain breeds (basalt). The first variety is light yellow, weighs slightly less and elastic. Stone Vata. - more fire-resistant. The best grades of the insulation have a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.032 W / m ° C (maximum - 0.045 W / m ° C). The price of mineral wool, depending on the thickness and density ranges from 1,000 to 5,000 rubles / m3.

2. Organic (synthetic).

• Polyfoam and Penoplex. They are made of polystyrene and have a reduced thermal conductivity (0.035-0.045 W / m ° C). The average price of foamed polystyrene is from 1,000, extruded - from 3,500 rubles / m3.
• Polyurethane foam by properties better polystyrene foam and minvati. Spraying 1 m2 of the five centimeter foam layer costs 500 rubles.
• Penosop - liquid foam produced directly to construction site and injected into the space between constructive elements Buildings. This type of thermal insulation wins in traditional insulation in many respects: racks to moisture and at the same time "breathes", refers to low flames and does not allocate poisonous smoke. Its thermal conductivity is 1.5 times lower than the polystyrene foam. The average cost of the insulation cubic meter is 1,500 rubles / m3.

3. Mixed.

• Equata. It consists of 80% of the waste paper, the remaining 20% \u200b\u200b- antipyren. The material is represented in the form of a loose fiber in which insulated cavities. The thermal conductivity indicators are the same as the polystyrene foam. The price of insulation along with work - from 1,500 (by a dry way) to 4,500 rubles / m3 (wet bloom).
• Foamglass is different high hardness, Non-hatching. It glues well, cuts. Its disadvantages are bad vapor permeability and cost - from 14,000 rubles / m3.

Sometimes exotic "ecological insulation" based on clay, straw, reeds are offered for insulation. They, like inorganic backfills (muttered perlite, vermiculitis and ceramzit) are characterized by high thermal conductivity and ineffective.

Types of insulation depending on the destination

For competent selection of insulation, it is necessary comprehensive assessment. Applicability depends not only on the properties of insulation materials, but also from elements of structures, the expected location of the cold bridges (this is determined by the architectural features).

Different nodes of the same building are insulated in various ways.

• Basements ground floorsBalconies and loggias. For outdoor insulation use Penoplex. It is a stronger foam, withstands the load to 0.5 MPa, not afraid of water. When in the earth, the likelihood of its ignition is small.
• External warming of walls. For wooden house Acceptable bloom by foaming. Properties and characteristics of the insulation allow you to fill all the cavities between bars, and also make it possible to breathe wood. For insulation of brick, foam and gas-block houses, use glass wool, penplex.
• Roof. If enough funds, polyurethane foam is spoiled on it. The traditional insulation of the roof is a mineral wool protected by a layer of waterproofing. Manufacturers produce it, varying not only dimensions, but also density. Good roll options - They do not lose design.
• Walls, ceiling and floor. Choosing a heater for the walls, more often prefer more environmentally friendly and low-risk inorganic materials. The Ministry of Railing Inscape is laid in the framework, which is fixed by plasterboard. In the same way, they come with the ceiling: the plates are closed with vapor insulation - it protects them from moisture, and tenants of the house - from the penetration of fibers to the respiratory organs. If there are laugs, you can blend the overlap of eco-art. The floor in the house is insulated by filling the clay (at least 100 mm) or with the help of styling on the base of the sheets of the inferno. It is then poured by a finishing tie, having paving the reinforcing grid. Concrete prevents the ignition of synthetic material.

Knowledge of the features of various thermal insulators and the use of practical experience of professional builders allow you to create in the house optimal conditions For accommodation.

Insulation is a generalized name of materials that are designed to reduce heat transfer and sound.

Main types of isolation

Consider the types of insulation, their characteristics and application, which will allow you to correctly choose the necessary materials. There are two main types of it: heat and sound insulation. The first reduces heat transfer. This leads to a more stable temperature, a decrease in heating and cooling air indoors. Soundproofing makes the house more pleasant to life, protects against external noise. For selection best Product It can be studied by the classification of materials, given the R-value, as it is a measurement of heat transfer resistance. The higher this indicator, the better.

Thermal insulation materials are used:

• in construction for facade and internal work using on walls, floors, roofs;
• in technical purposes - insulate pipelines and various equipment;
• to special types Infrared, vacuum, reflecting, air - technological insulation, whose characteristics make it possible to preserve the desired room temperature.

Types of raw materials

Organic insulation includes a variety of polymeric materials that differ in a slight weight, perfectly support the temperature, but easily light up, so they must be protected.

Types of insulation, their characteristics and application differ in raw materials from which they are produced. They can be:

• organic;
• mixed;
• inorganic.

Insulation are characterized by the structure and are grainy, fibrous, cellular. As well as a form: from roll materials, plates to curly products. A special indicator is to attitude to fire: from fully stable varieties to fire-hazardous, which are used only for certain, narrow purposes.

Wood-processing products in the form of plates, sawdust, chips, as well as secondary paper, various types of waste from the harvesting of feed in agriculture are called "Organic Heater for Walls", the price of which is the lowest. Such materials are used for private houses, but they are easily watered and not resistant to rotting.

Inorganic materials include mineral wool and its derivatives, products from concrete and glass, waste of metallurgy with special technologies in the form of foam, fiber, cellular structures. They are characterized by the average specific gravity, Low strength, wetting. Therefore, they are used only in combination with other construction products.

To mixed insulating insulation Asbestos (solid, carpeted, foam) are related. They are light-resistant burning, but can highlight harmful substances without additional protection, or if installed.

Main insulation products

The main types of insulation, their characteristics and application can be considered by the example of the most common insulating products.

Glass gamble is made of recycled glass and sand, calcinated Soda and limestone. Then the glass is formulated with the use of resin in millions of pure fibers that are connected to each other. Such insulation can be produced in the form of rolls and plates. It is made from the molten rock in the furnace, through which is purged with a temperature of about 1600 ° C. Finished products are released in rolls and sheets. The density of the insulation of this type may be different. It acts as a good temperature and sound insulator.

Hard heat insulating plates are divided into:

Reflecting insulation in the form of foil is environmentally friendly and effective productwhich is often used in the construction industry. Material with foil reduces heat transfer to 97%. Reflective insulator works as a large shield that protects against vaporization, and reduces moisture condensation. Wetting may be a problem for some of the fiberglass materials.

Eco Isolation

Ecoproducts include environmental types of isolation. These are thermal and acoustic plates and rolls, wool wool, hemp and recycled polyester. Dry construction method implies lining from plasterboard plates. They are used as a replacement of wet plaster.

Ventilation membranes, waterproofing materials, adhesives are also necessary components of construction. The density of the insulation used in the premises to protect the roof, external facade systems, attic and ceiling, floor, walls can be different, which allows you to compensate temperature modes various climatic zones.

Roll products

Rolled insulation is the most common and available view insulation. It consists of flexible soft threads, most often - fiberglass. Such materials are still made from mineral (stone and slag), plastic and natural fibers, such as cotton and sheep wool.

Plates and rolls have insulation dimensions that fit the standard step between nails in the wall, attic rafters or beams, as well as floor overlap. Continuous rolls can be manually removed or trimmed under any plane profile to prevent breaks. The insulation is installed with or without facing. Manufacturers are often combined rolled materials With a protective layer of craft-paper, foil-kraft paper or vinyl to provide vapor barrier and air barrier. Plates with a special refractory surface produce various widths for the walls of basements and other places where their layer will remain open. Facing also helps facilitate the mount during installation. Nevertheless, the slab without coating when using additional insulation is the best insulation for the walls, the price of which is quite moderate.

Standard fiberglass rolls and stoves have a high thermal resistance, but the second this indicator is above one and a half times.

Concrete blocks

Concrete blocks are used when building a house for foundation and walls. There are several ways to protect them. If cores are not busy concrete and steel for structural reasons, they can be filled with insulation, which increases the average R-value of the wall. Field studies have shown that the technology of filling with protective material of any type offers a small savings of fuel, because heat is easily carried out through the rest of the solids of the walls, joints. Will be more effectively installed on the surfaces of the blocks of the insulation. The price of it is significantly lower than the cost of heating.

Isolation placement from the inside carriers And the facade has additional advantages in contrast to the thermal mass of the block. In the air-conditioned room, such installation helps stabilize the temperature.

Some manufacturers include polystyrene balls in concrete blocks. What increases R-indicators of products throughout the volume. Other manufacturers make foamed concrete blocks. They have thermal resistance more than twice. Various sizes insulation help wide application Blocks in construction.

There are two types of solid build-up autoclave concrete: blocks walls from and from autoclave cellular concrete. This material contains about 80% of air and is widely used in construction.

The autoclave concrete is ten times higher than the insulating properties of the usual. Large blocks are easily saw, and the form is adjusted using conventional tools. The material is well absorbed water, so requires protection against moisture. In the production of the collection of autoclaved aerated concrete, bats are used instead of quartz sand. It distinguishes it from cellular concrete. The ash is formed when coal burning on power plants and is a practically free material that used to disposed.

Also to create hollow blocks made from a mixture of concrete and wood chips. They are installed by dry laying without the use of the solution. One potential problem with this type of blocks is that the tree is exposed to moisture and insects.

For walls of concrete blocks, as a rule, insulation of the Penoplex during the construction of a new house and overhaul or thermally insioning concrete blocks. Block walls in residential buildings Isolate and indoors.

Foamed rigid plates and non-removable formwork

Hard insulating panels can be used to insulate almost any part of the house, from the roof to the foundation. Insulation "Polyopleks" or other rigid plates provide good heat resistance, and also reduce the thermal conductivity of structural elements. The most common types of materials used in the formation of plates: polystyrene foams, which include polystyrene, extruded polystyrene foam - Penoplex, polyisocyanrats and polyurethanes.

Insulating structural forms (ICF) are mainly formed for cast concrete structures, which creates walls with the highest heat resistance.

ICF systems consist of interconnected slabs folded from blocks that fills technical insulation, or foam blocks. The panels are sealed with plastic connections. Along with the foamed elements, steel reinforcement rods are used, which are added before concrete poured. When using foam blocks, steel rods are inside the cavities to strengthen the walls.

Isolation often becomes easy prey for insects and groundwater. To prevent these problems, some manufacturers make foam blocks treated with insecticide and introduce methods for waterproofing. To properly install the ICF system or insulation (the reviews here are unanimous), you need the help of experienced specialists.

ICF consumers argue that:

• Insulation demonstrates high quality heat and waterproofing.
• It is quite difficult to mount such a system yourself.
• It operates perfectly for several years.

Loose types of insulation

Bumping insulation consists of small particles of fiber, foam or other materials. This mass is formed by the material that any spaces can fill out without disturbing structures or finishes. Such an ability to take any forms to upgrade in places where there is no possibility to establish traditional types of insulation, makes a suitable bulk insulation, the price of which is very low. The most common materials of this type are cellulose, fiberglass and mineral fibers. They are manufactured using recycled waste. Cellulose is made of waste paper. Fiberglass performed by 20-30% of the recycled glass. Mineral insulation TEHNONICKOL is usually produced by 75% of post-industrial materials. Some less common insulation include polystyrene balls, vermiculitis and perlite. Bumping insulation can be installed in closed cavities or in attic. Cellulose, fiberglass and mineral wool, as a rule, require experienced qualified installers, which will ensure the correct density and high R-value. Polystyrene granules, vermiculitis and perlite are usually poured.

Infrared and reflective barriers

Most systems common isolation Contacts conductive and convective heat flows. Best insulation Forms infrared barriers. They reflect radiant thermal energy. This isolation is established with the help of specialists.

Infrared barriers are used in homes, usually in attic. First of all, to reduce the influx of heat in the summer, reduce the cost of cooling. Reflective insulation includes IR barriers from aluminum foil With high reflective ability.

These systems are also a variety of substrates in the form of kraft paper, polyethylene film or balls, cardboard, as well as other thermal insulation products.

Infrared radiation passes in a straight line from any plane and heats a solid surface that absorbs energy. When the sun heats the roof - this is the effect of radiant energy. Most of this heat "travels" through the roof in the attic is carried out on the plane of the roof.

The heated roof material emits the resulting energy to the cooler attic surfaces, including air ducts and attic floors.

The IR barrier reduces the transmission of radiant heat from the lower surface of the roof to the other - in the attic. To be effective, the system must be addressed to the airspace.

An infrared barrier is a heater, whose technical characteristics make it more efficient in a hot climate, especially when cooling air canals are located in the attic. Some studies show that radiating barriers can reduce the cost of cooling from 5% to 10% when used in sunny weather. The influx of heat decreases. This makes it possible to reduce air conditioning costs. In a cool climate, as a rule, it is generally more cost-effective to install saving heat insulation.

Rigid fiber isolation

Fiber insulation consists of fiberglass or mineral wool from stone and slags and is used mainly to protect air ducts in homes. The technology of production of such a material is not easy. But the mineral wool insulation "Tekhnonikol" has a complex unique propertieswhich is difficult to combine in one product. Especially if there is a need for a material that can withstand high temperatures. Installation is usually carried out by ventilation and air conditioning specialists on the outer surfaces of the air ducts. If the insulator is without coating, then mounting work Finishing with reinforcement cement, canvas and water-repellent mastic. Different thickness The insulation provides the desired R-value. The plates are installed in such a way that the seams between them are sealed to the pressure sensitive ribbon or fiberglass and mastic.

Foam sprayers and liquid insulators

Liquid foam is sprayed or poured into right place. Some materials may have twice more r-valuethan traditional. The foam insulation for the walls fills even the smallest cavities, creating an effective air barrier. Today, most of such materials uses foaming agents in which chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) or hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are not used - harmful to the ozone layer of the substance. Available liquid insulation foam is made from cement, phenol, polyisocyanrata, polyurethane. Some less common types include Aysinin and tripolymer. Aysinin can be sprayed or inserted, which makes it the most versatile, as well as it has good resistance to air and water penetration. Tripolymer is a water-soluble foam, which is injected into the cavity of the wall. This unique insulator has excellent fire resistance and air penetration.

Liquid thermal insulation foam in combination with the foaming agent is used using small spraying containers. The foamed insulation for walls in large quantities is poured in place under pressure. Both types are expanding and hardening as a mixture. They also correspond to the form of cavity, filling and sealing it very carefully. Slow foaming liquid foam is also provided. It is designed to flow around obstacles before expansion and curing. Liquid foam can be pulled out directly from the container. It is often used for wall cavities in residential buildings.

Mounting work

Installing most of the insulation types from liquid foamflast Requires special equipment and must be made by an experienced installer.

After installing the heat barrier from foamed materials on fire resistance is plasterboard. In addition, some building regulations do not recognize sputtering as vapor barrier. So such an installation may require additional steam protection.

Some types of insulation materials can be mounted independently, especially rolled or foam. Others need professional installation.

• Special skills require insulating concrete blocks that are stacked without a solution. And the surfaces are associated with configuration or additional structures.
• Insulation work outside the wall blocks inside the conditional space, which can simulate the room temperature.
• Laying wall blocks from an autoclave aerated concrete and autoclave cellular concrete creates a 10-fold insulating value compared to conventional concrete.

Maximum thermal performance, or R-value of isolation, types of insulation, their characteristics and application significantly affect the requirements for the proper installation.

It is an integral part of building events. Due to a number of reasons, it is better for these purposes to use a hard insulation for walls. This type of thermal insulation is easier to mount, it is more durable and reliable.

Benefits, varieties and features

Advantages of solid insulation

For thermal insulation of the walls, it is customary to use hard insulation.

This is due to a number of factors:

• Hard heat-insulating materials easier to mount on vertical surfaces By virtue of natural physical impacts related to gravity;
• Solid insulators are geometrically correct plates, which allows you to create a smooth surface, which is then easily placed or coated with various finishing materials;
• Insulation with a stable durable structure are not subject to shrinkage and do not imagine, which is also important when the plates are vertical;
• Allow you to create light plaster systems that are not inferior in quality and indicators of thermal insulation with ventilated facades, despite the fact that their price is at times lower;
• The fastening of solid thermal insulation plates does not require crates, frames and other auxiliary structures;
• The strength of the slab allows you to do without expensive protective protective panels from PVC, metal, plastic or wood;
• The service life of such materials is predominantly higher than that of soft analogs;
• Simplified installation of thermal insulation cake on the wall.

Important! Combined products made of solid heat insulators make it possible to use them as independent building structures for the construction of walls and overlaps. Such materials include the sandwich panel, polystyrene bonts, foam concrete and other types of polymer concrete and multilayer products.

It should also be noted a fixed thickness of the material, which allows you to accurately calculate the required layer and the resultant parameters of walls and facades. In addition, such indicators as density, thickness and strength, as well as the thermal insulation coefficient are quite static and do not change over time. This is an important factor that indicates the reliability and durability of materials.

Views

Classification building materials One destination is an accurate occupation. Therefore, it should be treated accordingly, remembering that all this is very conditional. That is, we will not lead any canonical lists and apply for encyclopedicism, but only let's call several of the most interesting and demanded representatives.

As a criterion, we will use the main difference between solid thermal insulation materials from the rest: the possibility of mounting without auxiliary structures, no need for protective panels, production in the form of plates.

As you can see, you can immediately reject materials such as polyurethane foam and other liquid polymerswho do not meet the latest requirement.

So, based on these criteria, we allocated such insulation:

1. Extruded polystyrene foam and foam;
2. Rigid mineral wool with a density of more than 35 kg / m³;
3. Foam glass;
4. Polymer concrete;
5. Saintwich panels;
6. Warmed wall panels.

Strictly speaking, the sandwich panels call the insulation will incorrectly, as it construction elements Walls from which they consist. Nobody will not stick the sandwich panels on the wall, so we will limit ourselves to the simple mention of this building material.

Extruded expanded polystyrene foam

Foamed polystyrene is used in the production of foam, expanded polystyrene and extruded polystyrene foam. These materials differ only in the structure of cells, density and durability. Also, a coefficient of thermal conductivity and vapor permeability differs to some extent.

Since we are talking about solid materials, we will consider precisely extruded polystyrene foam. This material has the best heat transfer resistance indicators, the greatest rigidity and shelf life.

So, such parameters are characteristic of extruded expanded polystyrene:

• Thermal conductivity - 0.037 W / m × ° C;
• Operational working density - 25 kg / m³;
• Stress on carrying construction - 3.96 kg / m²;
• Environmental purity - under normal conditions of harmful substances, it does not allocate, with an increase in temperature to 80 ° C, poisonous gases allocate;
• Recommended for middle strip thickness of the layer - 50 mm;
• Air permeability - average;
• Moisture resistance - high;
• Parry permeability - low;
• Combustion group - g3, g4;
• Frame temperature - 491 ° C;
• Compressive strength - more than 0.1 MPa, on bending - more than 0.18 MPa.

Installation of extruded polystyrene foam is extremely simple. The plates are mounted on the projected wall using polymer cement glue and plate dowels. Then the joints between the sheets are compacted.

The surface of the insulation is covered with a glasswork and a layer of glue / plaster. Thereafter basic layer Ground and covered the finish layer of facade plaster.

These manipulations are easy to produce with their own hands without unnecessary mechanisms or professional builders.

Tip! In buildings with a large number of people per unit volume, or in rooms with high humidity it is recommended to make vapor barrier from the inside of the wall to avoid the accumulation of moisture in its design during severe frosts.

Stone Vata.

Rigid, as it has similar properties.

For her, characteristic:

• The form in the form of a rigid plate, which is not deformed under conditions of normal operation;
• The possibility of mounting on the wall without auxiliary structures;
• The possibility of applying plaster;
• Static indicators of thermal conductivity and structure.

Stone wool characteristics:

• Thermal conductivity - 0.039 W / m × ° C;
• Working operational density - 35 kg / m³;
• Load on the carrier construction - 5.85 kg / m²;
• Environmental purity - in normal conditions of harmful compounds does not emit, at elevated temperatures, the phenolic binder can highlight harmful chemicals;
• The recommended layer thickness is 100 mm;
• Parry permeability - high;
• Air permeability is high;
• Thermal stability - up to 700 ° C;
• Moisture resistance - low, requires vaporizolation;
• The service life is about 50 years.

The installation of watts resembles the installation of expanded polystyrene. In the case of ventilated facades or siding, instead of wool plaster, it is sewn panels.

Important! Unlike foam plastic, the mineral wool requires vaporizolation from the street, otherwise it will glow and lose their thermal insulation qualities.

Wool's loggia insulation is not so convenient to produce as using polystyrene foam, as it is easier and tougher.

Foamglo

Another modern view Hard heat-insulating building materials - it is foam glass. This material is manufactured by foaming liquid molten glass.

Material has good qualities and characteristics:

• Thermal conductivity - 0.04 - 0.08 W / m × ° C;
• Operational work density - 110 - 200 kg / m²;
• Parp permeability - 0.005 mg / m × h × Pa;
• Compression strength - 0.7 - 4 MPa; bending - 0.4 - 0.6 MPa;
• Water absorption - up to 5% of the volume;
• Noise isolation - up to 56 dB;
• Moisture resistance - high;
• Environmental safety - complete;
• Chemical inertness - absolute;
• Air permeability is high;
• Service life is unlimited.

The instruction on the installation of the foam glass also coincides with that of polystyrene. The plates are glued and fixed with dowels, sometimes do without glue. Next, the surface is plastered and covered with a grid, which is applied to the finishing layer of the facade coating.

Tip! Drilling holes under a dowel should be in rotation mode without impact, since otherwise the hole will be larger diameter.

Output

Solid grades of insulation have a number of advantages in the insulation of the walls. Installation of these materials is simple and does not require special knowledge. In the video presented in this article you will find additional information on this topic.