Work related to electricity requires attention, adherence to rules and accuracy. And the electrical wiring in a wooden house with your own hands requires even more attention: the material is very fire hazardous. Therefore, when planning and installing, pay attention to the requirements and recommendations of regulatory documents. If you do not have enough experience, it is highly advisable to invite a competent electrician for a consultation before connecting, and even better before starting installation. He will be able to point out flaws and miscalculations to you.

House wiring diagram

By current regulations when connecting electricity without a transformer, the power consumption for a private house should not exceed 15 kW. It is found by adding up the power of all electrical appliances that can be turned on at the same time. If the figure found is less than 15 kW, the input machine is set at 50 A. If the power is more, a transformer is also needed. Its parameters will be indicated to you in the project, since in this case, you cannot do without it.

Where to put the introductory shield, requirements for the body

Recently, representatives of energy supply organizations have been demanding that meters (and input machines, respectively) be installed on the street. This is done in order to be able to control consumption even if the owners are not at home. But this requirement is not supported by anything, and, if you wish, you can install everything inside the house. But more often, in order not to bicker with the controllers, the requirements are fulfilled, and the machine and the counter are installed on the street.

For outdoor installation, the circuit breaker (AZ) and the meter must be in a sealed case, protected from dust, dirt and moisture. The protection class for installation must be at least IP-55. For the convenience of monitoring the readings, there should be a window in the door of the box for the electric meter. For installation inside a wooden house, the requirements are somewhat lower: IP-44, but the case must be metal.

Organization of entry into the house

After the introductory machine, an electric meter is installed, then another RCD is installed - for emergency power off in the presence of a short circuit, and then the cable is fed to the electrical panel inside the house. inside the house should be one step lower than the one installed outside. In this case, if there are problems, the machine in the house will work first and you do not have to climb the wall to the input machine installed there every time.

Single-pole machines are installed in the dashboard, to which wires are connected, diverging through the rooms. They are mounted on DIN rails, their number is recruited depending on how many separate "branches" of power supply are required. To find out how many machines should be in your dashboard, count the number of required groups, add two or three free machines "for development". These will be the "branches". According to the received quantity, select the size of the electrical panel.

We divide consumers into groups

When planning a wiring diagram in a wooden house, all connection points are divided into separate groups (they are often called consumption groups). For example, all sockets on the ground floor are powered by one machine, a separate device is installed on lighting in the house, one more - for street lighting. If any powerful electrical equipment is used - a boiler, an electric boiler, an electric stove, etc. - it is advisable for them to conduct separate branches of the power supply and install personal machines. Separate protection devices are also installed for the power supply of outbuildings (if you do not want to pull separate inputs to them and install a separate meter, but only on the condition that the power of all electrical appliances does not exceed 15 kW).

From a safety point of view, it is best to make as many separate branches of the power supply as possible. This will increase the number of machines and increase the cost of the project, but reduce the number of potentially dangerous places connections. It is in the places where the conductors are taken off that problems most often arise: the contacts oxidize, heat up, then begin to spark. Therefore, it is better to make the number of connections as small as possible.

And, at the last stage, it is advisable to draw a diagram of the wiring of electricity in the premises on the plan of the house. Consumer groups are easier to draw. different colors... So you can more fully imagine how the wiring diagram in a wooden house will look like, it will be easier to do it yourself. For example, everything might look like the photo below.

Types of electrical wiring in a wooden house

After installing the shield and installing all the necessary machines, you can start wiring electrical cables in the house. In a wooden house, there are three ways to lay an electrical cable:

Features of closed wiring in a wooden house

As you understand, closed wiring can be done during the construction or overhaul phase. Moreover, when laying it, there are peculiarities: all connection nodes must be mounted in special metal boxes, to which there must be free access. They cannot be hidden under the trim, because their covers are matched to the tone and / or try to be placed in places that do not attract attention.

If the hidden wiring in a wooden house is not carried out with a cable, but with insulated wires, the thickness of the walls of metal pipes is regulated by:

• for copper wire with a cross section of up to 2.5 mm 2, the wall thickness can be any;
• with a cross section of up to 4 mm 2, the thickness of the metal wall must be at least 2.8 mm;
• if the conductors have a cross-section of 4.5 to 10 mm 2, the pipe must have a wall of at least 3.2 mm;
• with a section from 10.2 to 16 mm 2, the wall should not be thinner than 3.5 mm.

When laying electrical cables, there are no requirements for the thickness of the walls of a metal pipe, therefore it is permissible for cables (they have double and triple insulation) to be laid in a metal corrugation or, as they say, in a metal hose. It is much more convenient and faster.

Laying the cable in a corrugated metal hose (metal hose) is much more convenient and requires less time and money

But in any case, since the wires will be hidden, access to them is extremely limited. Making changes to an existing network is troublesome and expensive. Therefore, before proceeding with the installation of closed electrical wiring in a wooden house, carefully check the diagram and do everything very carefully and scrupulously.

Rules for installing electrical wiring in cable channels

When installing open wiring or laying it in cable channels, there are also rules. They relate to how far from the floor, ceiling, corners and other structures they can be located. All these norms are shown in the photo for greater clarity.

The choice of cable cross-section and its connection

The cross-section of the cable cores is selected depending on the planned load (in kW) and the core material. It is not at all necessary to make all wiring with the same cable. You can save money without compromising security. To do this, a cross-section is selected for each section, depending on the power of the devices that will be connected here. Their power consumption is summed up, about 20% of the stock is added and the cross-section is selected from this value in the table.

To connect the power supply in a wooden house, more requirements are added for fire safety... The main thing is that the wire sheath must be non-combustible. These wires have the letters "ng" in their names. To ensure the required degree of protection, double () or triple (NYM) cable insulation is also required.

In order for the electrical wiring in a wooden house to be done correctly with your own hands, it is best to use cables with colored veins... Then you will definitely not confuse zero with phase or ground. Usually the colors are distributed in this way:

If you buy a European-made cable, the colors are different:

• "Earth" - yellow-green;
• "Zero" is white;
• "Phase" is red.

Choice of sockets and switches

To ensure fire safety in a wooden house, sockets and switches with a metal mounting plate should be installed. First, it is mounted on the wall, then the external panel is installed. The use of plastic plates is allowed, but the plastic must be non-flammable and have an appropriate fire safety certificate.

Moreover, for the safe connection of most modern equipment, three-wire sockets with a ground wire are required. It is also required when connecting lighting, but indoors this is often not done. But for lighting on the street, grounding is necessary: ​​here the operating conditions are much more complicated.

Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in a wooden house: installation rules

In a wooden house, you need to constantly remember that the material is flammable and in this case it is better to play it safe. Do-it-yourself wiring in a wooden house is done in compliance with the basic rules:

• First, the whole scheme is assembled, the operability of each branch is checked (). We check each of the power supply lines for a short circuit, "to ground". Only then are the wires connected to the machine. We recommend that you immediately sign what is connected. Then it's easier to look for faults. Having connected one line, turn on the power supply, connect the load. If there are no triggers, great - you can continue. Turn off the machines (which goes to the already checked line and the introductory one), work with the next line. After all the lines are checked and connected (signed), an introductory machine is cut in. Then, gradually, one by one, the lines are turned on.
• Installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house is carried out only with whole pieces of cable without connections and twists.
• The wiring is carried out in stages. Having laid a piece of cable, be sure to check the integrity of the insulation of the laid piece of cable. For this, the conductors and insulation are "ringing" in relation to the ground and the conductors.
• When cutting the cable, a margin of length is left - at least 15-20 cm. If, with an incorrect connection, it will be possible to reseal without overtightening the cables.
• Be sure to follow the colors of the wires.

By observing these rules, self-made electrical wiring in a wooden house will be safe and reliable.

Thanks to newest options distribution of electrics in the room, it is the hidden wiring in a wooden house that has become an alternative, the installation of which is carried out in accordance with the PUE.

To start reproducing latent electricity, it is important to be as prepared as possible, as there are new, but very definite risks. It is important to study a number of standards and GOSTs and only then proceed with the installation of the current method for laying electricity.

Benefits of hidden wiring in wooden houses

Everyone is familiar with the design firsthand, and if it is violated by a banal electrical wiring, it will be obvious. Let's consider a number of advantageous features:

Concealed wiring in a wooden house it is installed not only according to regulatory requirements, but also taking into account aesthetic considerations.

Some rules that must be used

As we said, disregard for the rules when working with electrical networks has a dangerous outcome.

Important! Compliance with state standards in relation to the establishment of electrical wiring in a wooden house is a chance for the successful operation of electrical appliances.

We are for safety! So that there are no problems after the installation is completed, it is important to carry out all work exclusively according to the instructions of the diagram. Such a scheme can be drawn up independently or found on the Internet, choosing according to the conditions for building a house. This is the only way to guarantee safety.

We exclude fire! Try to lay electrical wiring in places where there is no possibility of wood ignition, in the event of a short circuit or overcurrent breakdown. Usually installation is carried out on non-combustible materials, for example, in partitions.

We keep the interior of the house! To make the branching of the wires invisible, they should be done in the baseboards, door frames or near windows, placing them in special wooden boxes. You can also make an electrical network in special pipes with corrugated insulation, you can also put an asbestos gasket in it. It protects the insulation from heavy wiring.

Such a connection of wiring in a wooden one is prohibited.

Free access accounting! Despite the preservation of the design solutions of the living space, it is important at any time to quickly get to the boxes where all the conductors are hidden. It happens that you have to fix some breakdowns, and demolishing half the wall for this will cost you a lot.

Concealed wiring insulated in wood

How should hidden wiring enter a wooden house?

Many would-be electricians try to use the most primitive and lightweight ways to connect their wooden housing to a common electrical network... However, this issue has its own nuances. We propose to consider them.

1. Do not under any circumstances be guided by the old methods of the electrical factory in the house. It is likely that such options have not met the requirements for a long time.
2. It is not recommended to place conductors on ceramic heads attached to the street wall of a wooden house, as they say - this is a time bomb! Sooner or later, you will be faced with a fire problem.
3. Do not install the electrical network through a wooden attic. In conditions of dampness and an unheated under-roof space, the insulation layer is often broken, as a result of which there is a risk of a short circuit.
4. Use approved wiring methods. One of the best is the air method. But its disadvantage is that for implementation it is necessary to involve professional electricians.
5. Underground wiring is reliable and durable. These qualities are due to the fact that the wires are completely hidden and are not exposed to atmospheric phenomena or mechanical influences carried out by the human factor.

Important! The difficulty of laying hidden wiring in a home is proven by the implementation of laborious tasks.

Such wiring is prohibited.

Remember that more than one centimeter of the electrical cable should not come into contact with wood walls or other ceilings, therefore, steel or copper pipes are a prerequisite for wiring in wooden housing.

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Installation of hidden wiring in a wooden house according to PES: cable laying with step-by-step instructions

Many owners of wooden buildings were able to make sure that they have a lot of advantages over brick and other structures. Despite this, wooden buildings also have a number of disadvantages, among which the rapid combustion should be especially emphasized.

Often, such fires do not happen due to banal reasons in the form of inaccurate handling of fireplaces, stoves and other heating devices, but due to the incorrect location of the electrical wiring and its previously incorrect installation option.

Wiring: How It Should Not Be Routed

The rules for the installation of electrical installations or PUE are the bible of every electrician and it is in them that it is indicated exactly how it is necessary to mount the electrical wiring. If you follow these rules, the operation of the house will become as safe as possible, and the installation itself will be reliable and durable.

According to the PUE, cable laying on wooden structures of a residential building and especially cladding with flammable materials is strictly prohibited. It would be a big mistake if you rely on high-quality winding of the wiring, since the design of any cable provides for a huge variety different processes, which, in principle, cannot be predicted.

These include:

• Deformation of the wiring at the micro level.
• Temperature drops.
• Increase and decrease of air humidity.
• Potential for dust accumulation.

Sometimes when the electrical wiring in a wooden house is stretched parallel to each other, especially in the absence of protection from the base and when the voltage rises in the electrical network, a fire may occur.

Again, as the rule says, namely paragraph 7.1.38 of the PUE, the installation of hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house cannot be carried out on top of wooden structures. It is also forbidden to place cables in plastic boxes and corrugations.

Why can't plastic components be installed? Because because of them there may be dangerous situations caused by pesting by rodents and the accumulation of wood dust, which is extremely flammable.

It is important to note that if hidden wiring catches fire, even if hidden in a corrugation, the increased temperature will necessarily be transmitted to the walls, since any corrugated product is not able to prevent high temperatures.

In this regard, some builders are interested in why corrugation is needed then and what is its meaning? In fact, corrugated structures are necessary, since their purpose is to withstand a short circuit and without burning out at the time that is necessary for self-attenuation.

If a full-fledged action is necessary, it is necessary to use steel components, which just recommend these very rules.

How to lay the wiring correctly

Today, every electrician, if asked, can answer that there are many ways to install electrical wiring, but if the electrical installation is in accordance with the PUE, there are only a few of them. The most important thing to focus on is fire safety requirements, and it does not matter whether it is design or installation.

If we consider the installation of wiring in a building made of rounded logs, you can see that it passes exclusively through non-flammable channels. If a fire occurs, then it is immediately extinguished in the box itself.

The main rule is not to strive and prioritize exceptional design and visual beauty! If all this is not omitted, then such beauty can be lost and, in addition, suffer yourself.

It is best to hide metal pipes and steel boxes in a wooden house when laying wires, which can be hidden in numerous voids. If, however, lay cables in corrugation and junction boxes, exclusively non-combustible materials, then it is necessary to prepare in advance for installation special gaskets in the form of:

• Plasters.
• Gypsum.
• Concrete.

The choice of the thickness of these gaskets should be selected individually, depending on the characteristics of a particular cable.

If you follow the rules for electrical installations, then the most reliable installation is in boxes and pipes made of steel or copper. For example copper pipes if necessary, you can bend at the required angle independently and without unnecessary effort, and this is a significant advantage with a branched power supply scheme.

If, when laying a cable in a wooden house according to the PUE, steel pipes are used, then it is recommended to invite qualified workers for their installation, since working with steel is much more difficult, especially if replacement is carried out in parts.

Again, cutting the sharp edges on the boxes also requires skill, and if this is not done, the wiring can be severely damaged.

Where to start

Without PUE, it is impossible to take literally a single step in any actions that relate to electrical wiring, including when selecting and marking a wiring line.

When marking, it is advisable to try to keep the possible number with bends and turns as small as possible, and in places where the installation of electrical wiring is possible, but complicated by complex architectural solutions, it is strictly necessary to use junction boxes.

The PUE rules categorically prohibit the installation of junction boxes in hard-to-reach places... They must have absolutely free access, which may be needed in unforeseen situations.

In order not to damage the structure of the house, steel or copper pipes should be placed with necessary calculation... Depending on the wiring, a choice is made required thickness tubes and their cross-section, since the cable itself, according to the rules, can occupy up to 40% interior space and, if necessary, can be easily pulled into the cavity of the pipe.

If it is customary to lay not one wire, but 2 or 3, then the pipe should be selected larger diameter as the rules remain the same - up to 40%.

You should also calculate the insulation resistance and this is done before the wiring begins. This is necessary in order to:

• To be able to determine if the wire meets the requirements.
• Find out possible damage to the insulation during transportation and storage.
• To comply with all the same rules with regards to the preparatory stage.

How to choose wiring

When the stage has come to an end, which includes the marking of nodes and the development of circuits, it is necessary to choose the wire itself, which will have to be used for laying. Wooden structures should choose wires of the following markings:

• VVGng-PLS.
• VVGng (A).
• VVGngLS.
• VVGng-P (A).

VVGng (A) or VVGng-P (A) wires have solid copper construction and double insulation. The inner layer is made strictly of non-combustible PVC and, most importantly, each core is protected separately and has its own color, which greatly facilitates the installation of all types of sockets, lighting devices, switches, etc. The second type of insulation is made in the form of composite plastic and wraps around the wire from the outside. It can be used in a wide variety of places with temperatures ranging from -50 to +50 degrees Celsius.

As for the cables marked VVGng LS, VVGng-P LS, they basically do not differ in their parameters. The only distinctive feature is that when heated, they do not release harmful substances.

And finally, NYM brand electrical wire. This cable has 3 layers of insulation, and it is manufactured in accordance with GOST 22483. The insulation of this cable consists of:

• Each vein is protected by its own layer.
• All strands in the bundle are re-insulated.
• After that, insulation takes place in the form of enclosing the entire structure in a PVC sheath.

How to choose locations for switches and sockets

When the places where it is planned to mount the sockets with switches are determined, first you should special attachments and drill the slots with a drill. It is necessary to install metal boxes in these nests, which are mounted according to the same rules as any other soldering analogs.

It is extremely important to provide grounding during installation. If the continuity of the circuit is achieved when pulling the wire, then the ground can be installed through the distribution board.

The fixing device itself metal boxes to pipes based on welding and brazing. There are, of course, other possibilities, but in wooden buildings this method has maximum reliability:

• The contacts achieve maximum strength by soldering and welding.
• Protection against environmental influences in the form of corrosion.
• Such fasteners are able to withstand mechanical stress from the outside.

Depending on which pipes are used, a decision is made to connect to the box. For example, when working with copper pipes, all edges in the box are flared, and with steel analogs, the connection is made using nuts. To do this, you first need to cut a thread at the end of the pipes.

All nuts must be processed, since both the quality of installation and their further operation depend on this. When choosing boxes for installing switches with sockets, both distribution and technological, it is necessary to make sure that they comply with the requirements of the IP -54 class. Only under this condition can we be guaranteed to get the maximum confidence that neither moisture nor dust penetrates the box during operation.

The last step: testing the wiring

When all installation work is completed, boxes and pipes are installed, check the grounding device. This is necessary in order to determine how reliably all elements of the common circuit are fixed.

If the check showed that all the requirements of the PUE were met in absolute accuracy, you can start pulling the electric wire.

It is extremely important to leave a tolerance when pulling the wiring and fixing in the boxes, since sometimes the connection system can change, and if there is no stock of length, then the section of the circuit will have to be electrified again.

If the material of the erected building is wood, then, according to the rules of the PUE, it is allowed to use cables with only 3 or 5 cores. Grounding is also mandatory. If the electrical wiring network is not equipped with grounding, the object for delivery is considered unprepared.

Summing up, we can add that exactly how the entire path of electrical wiring will be laid, of course, is decided by the customer. Of course, the factors of shrinkage of a wooden house and the flammability of the material should be taken into account. As for the builders, in fact they don't care what they tell them to do. Only the construction customer should decide and follow the PUE or design and aesthetics, this is his right.

Video: hidden wiring in a wooden house

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Do-it-yourself wiring in a wooden house: step-by-step instructions, PUE rules, diagrams, hidden and open wiring + photos and videos

A wooden house pleases its residents with ease and indescribable comfort. But wood, with all its advantages, is a combustible material that requires increased attention from the point of view of fire safety. But since the need to equip a house with electricity is not discussed today, before starting work, you need to carefully read the rules for installing electrical equipment (PUE) and the provisions of GOSTs. There are no particular difficulties in observing these rules, but you need to know about them.

Basic requirements for electrical wiring in a wooden house

Codes of rules PUE and SNiP are developed by experts in the field of safety. This is not a whim of a cabinet official, but a list of necessary norms, the observance of which brings the level of "carelessness" as close as possible to the desired one. We can say that life itself writes these dry chapters, behind which sometimes human tragedies are hidden.

The main cause of fires in wooden buildings is a short circuit in electrical wiring.

The statistics on fires, unfortunately, leave no doubt that timber construction is always at the forefront of fire risk. However, if you remember that for hundreds (and maybe thousands) of years our ancestors lived in wooden log cabins, there is hope that everything is possible, you just need to correctly deal with the wiring. After all, it is she who, in the overwhelming majority of cases, becomes the cause of the fire.

The main requirements contained in the PUE and GOSTs are as follows:

• The calculation of the posting should be done with a margin of up to 30%. This primarily concerns the selection of the cross-sectional area of ​​the wires, since the degree of heating of the insulation and the likelihood of a short circuit during operation depend on this. To cover the whole picture of electrification as a whole, it is necessary to prepare a working project with a detailed diagram and specification of the wiring of electricity, and upon completion of the work, pass certification and obtain a wiring passport.
• The quality of the connections should not allow the slightest possibility of electric shock to the inhabitants of the house.
• Heating and burning the cables is unacceptable, as this will most likely result in the entire house on fire. The possibility of short circuits must be completely ruled out.

The PUE welcomes the installation of lighting in wooden houses using 12 volt lamps and LED equipment, which is considered the safest today. For example, in mines and mines, especially in those where there is accumulation of methane gas, and an explosion can occur from one single spark, all equipment is powered by a current of 12 volts. The same is done in cars.

A significant obstacle that makes it difficult to independently carry out work on the installation of wiring in a wooden house is the lack of a single document regulating installation. The main regulations are scattered in the normative documents of GOST and SNiP and are not systematized. Therefore, when drawing up a project, it is better to contact a specialized organization that has a license for this type of activity.

Preparation of a power supply project

The design documentation must include all the details of the future wiring. It displays the location of lighting devices, sockets, junction boxes, switchboard. The specification details the brands of conductors used for wiring, their total number and ratings. All electrical devices involved in the power supply scheme, such as an electric meter, RAM, automatic machines and others, are calculated in advance for compliance with the loads that are expected during operation.

The power supply project usually includes a wiring diagram indicating the markings of the cables used, the type of devices installed and the estimated load on each of them.

Having a project is a sign of a civilized and responsible approach to business.

You can, of course, run cables without it, but:

• practice shows that installation of wiring without a preliminary project, as a rule, costs 10-15% more. In this case, errors are possible, the correction of which also costs money;
• in the event of a fire, the insurance company will require a certified electrification plan for the home. In its absence, the damage coverage will be postponed for an indefinite period (until the circumstances are clarified). It's good if only one house burns down. In densely populated areas, the fire can spread to neighboring areas. The culprit will be the owner of the wooden structure from where the fire began to spread. The only way to prove your innocence is to present a certified plan for the electrification of the premises;
• having a plan significantly reduces the cost of preventive and renovation work electrical wiring in the process of further operation, and also helps to quickly find and eliminate the source of damage to the power supply.

A full-fledged project consists not only of drawings, but also of a detailed description of all elements and equipment. It usually includes:

1. Graphic image all levels of living space, on which, with the help of accepted legend the locations of the routes of cables, consumers and electrical equipment are reflected.
2. Single-line power supply diagrams.
3. Detailed calculations of ground loops.
4. Cross-sectional area of ​​conductors.
5. List of switching devices.
6. Maximum current and voltage of the meter.
7. Calculations of the power of electrical receivers.

In addition, the project must provide for outdoor lighting of the site and the connection of yard buildings - a bathhouse, a garage, utility rooms.

The electrical wiring project of a private house must contain a calculation and a diagram of the device for outdoor lighting of the adjacent territory

Design documentation is developed in several stages:

1. Formulation of the problem. The power supply is planned in accordance with the terms of reference and conditions. The customer expresses his vision to the performer orally or using a schematic image. As one of the options, a design project can serve as an order form.
2. Development and approval of the project. If necessary, the project is defended and approved by representatives of the auditing organizations. The parameters of electrification and their compliance with regulatory documents are being clarified.
3. Project implementation support. Sometimes it is also called installation supervision, during which the designer exercises direct control over the execution of work.

Calculation of cable cross-section

Calculation of conductors consists in determining two parameters:

In conditions of increased requirements for fire safety, the rules prescribe the use of three-core wires without fail. This measure is dictated by the need for protective grounding of the entire power supply system.

In private houses, wiring should be carried out with a three-core cable: one core - phase wire, the second is zero, the third is grounding

Table: selection of cable cross-section depending on current strength

Calculation of electrical devices

Electrical installation devices - sockets, switches and junction boxes are selected based on the technological conditions of their operation.

Selection of the lead-in cable and circuit breaker at the input

Of great importance in ensuring the safety of electrical wiring is the correct entry of an electrician into the house. When choosing a cable and a circuit breaker, it should be borne in mind that in the future, the load on it will only increase - the number household appliances and the aggregates that are used at home is increasing over time.

The cross-section of the input cable must be calculated for the future: over time, the number of electrical devices used and their total power consumption will only increase

The job of the electrician is to select a cable that will support the use of electrical appliances without the risk of overvoltage in the lead-in conductor. The optimal placement of the input circuit breaker (AB) is considered to be its location in front of the meter. Its task is to turn off the internal network in case of excessive current consumption, for example, in case of a short circuit. But at the same time, it should not turn off at maximum permissible load... In order to calculate the nominal value of the input AB independently, use the formula Inom = P / U x cos (f), where Inom is the rated current, P is the total power of all devices, cos (f) is the power factor, which for most electrical appliances can be considered equal unit. 10% is added to the obtained value of the rated current and a circuit breaker is selected relative to it. Most often, in a private house, AB is enough with a nominal value of 25 A.

The input circuit breaker must withstand the maximum load from all switched on electrical appliances, but open the network when too high currents appear, for example, from a short circuit

Three-phase power supply of a private house

The vast majority of timber houses use single phase power. But if it is planned to use units of increased power - for example, powerful electric welding or woodworking machines - a three-phase current supply is required. In this case, to calculate the installation devices, you must contact a specialist. Calculations are made according to more complex formulas and in relation to specific situation.

Do-it-yourself wiring installation in a wooden house

If you have an agreed project, completed in accordance with all legislative norms, you can carry out the installation of electrical wiring yourself. To do this, you need to stock up on the necessary tools and materials, as well as familiarize yourself with the safety rules. Let's consider the main stages of house electrification.

Switchboard installation

The switchboard is the main power control point. It is a cabinet, inside of which there are devices for monitoring and metering the consumed current. It can be metallic or made of dielectric plastic.

The switchboard contains control and monitoring devices for the electrical network: meters, circuit breakers, residual current devices, etc.

The shield is mounted in a convenient place for use, at a height of 1.5 to 1.7 m from the floor surface. Most often it is located near front door in such a way that when you leave you can turn off the electricity, and when you return, you can turn it on. An input cable is connected from the power lines to the switchboard, then the electricity is distributed throughout the house. The following is installed inside the shield:

• electricity consumption meter;
• circuit breakers on a DIN rail;
• RCD (residual current device);
• busbars for grounding and zero loop.

An introductory circuit breaker can also be located here, but it is also practiced to locate it outside the house at the point where the overhead line is connected to the home network. This option makes sense, since the risk of overloading the lead-in cable is significantly reduced.

The installation of the switchboard is done first. Particular attention should be paid to the selection of automation using proven and reliable brands devices from renowned manufacturers.

Video: overview of a switchboard for a private house

Cable entry inside the room

There are two options for entering the cable from the power line into the house.

1. Air way which uses a self-supporting insulated conductor.
2. Underground method, when the cable is brought into the room from underground.

The first option is more common due to its speed and economy. The second is more expensive, but has a number of advantages, such as a long service life and independence from atmospheric disasters.

Underground cable entry method is more time consuming, but more reliable and durable

In any case, the rules prescribe to lead the cable into a wooden house through a metal thick-walled (from 2.5 to 3.3 mm) pipe. Its interior must be painted or galvanized, and the installation is carried out at an angle of 3-5 ° to the horizontal plane so that the resulting condensate can flow out unhindered (GOST R 50571.15-97 (IEC 364 5 52 93): clause 522.3.2).

The cable is led into a wooden house through a metal sleeve, which is positioned at an angle to organize the drainage of condensate

Installation of a metal sleeve and cable entry is always carried out from the outside of the wall. The installer must be suitably qualified and authorized. Most often, this work is performed by employees of the energy supplying organization.

Video: cable entry into the house and connection to the switchboard

Installation of switches and sockets

In wooden buildings, there are certain nuances in the installation of switches and sockets.

The rest of the installation of sockets and switches is no different from installation in a stone building.

1. First, the wall is marked. Best used when doing this building level or a laser level.
2. Further, socket boxes or protective pads are installed.
3. The base of the device is mounted on them.
4. After connection, the outer casing is attached to the wires.

All of the above applies to junction boxes as well. It is recommended to design wiring in such a way as to keep their number to a minimum.

Wire connection

Based on the same prerequisites for an increased fire hazard, it is recommended to connect conductors in wooden buildings using factory terminal blocks. Twisting is allowed only in case of additional soldering of current-carrying conductors and using plastic caps.

Wire connections must be made using special terminal blocks, twists can only be used as a last resort

Grounding and installation of RCD

Residual current device (RCD) is designed to protect humans (and pets) from electric shock in case of possible leakage on damaged insulation or metal casing of household appliances.

In the wiring diagram in a private house, it is necessary to provide for the presence of an RCD device that protects against electric shock in case of accidental leaks

The device is capable of detecting minimal leakage and responding to it by opening the circuit. The sensitivity level depends on the brand of the device. The choice is made according to the main parameter - the leakage current, which is expressed in milliamperes. If the RCD is included in the protection circuit of the whole house, a leakage current of 30 mA is sufficient. If the device is intended to protect individual rooms, for example, a bathroom or a bathroom, select a higher sensitivity of 10 mA. The RCD is installed in switchboard... The connection diagram provides for the location of the RCD in front of the circuit breakers.

The residual current device for the common circuit of the house is selected for a leakage current of 30 mA

Video: connecting a circuit breaker and an RCD

The same tasks are assigned to the grounding of all electrical installations inside the house. Separately, we can say about the grounding device. In order for the system of removal of stray currents to work properly, you need to adhere to the recommendations for self-arrangement grounding strip.

The ground loop consists of three metal plates fixed to the reinforcement pins

This will require metal fittings three-meter length and three-meter pieces of corners.

Do not forget about the seasonal expansion and contraction of the metal under the influence of changing air temperatures.

To prevent the grounding bus from breaking off, a "compensation hump" is made in it, which is designed to absorb thermal changes.

Methods for open placement of wiring

In practice, three types of external wiring are used in wooden houses:

The choice depends entirely on the aesthetic inclinations of the inhabitants of the house. All the necessary materials are on sale to realize your preferences in terms of design solution.

Video: outdoor wiring in a cable channel in a wooden house

Hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house

If, for some reason, the customer is not satisfied with the external arrangement of the wiring in the house, the cables are bred in a hidden way... In a wooden building, this is a rather time-consuming and painstaking procedure. Each wire, regardless of its thickness, must be packed in a metal tube. Socket and junction boxes must also be made of metal. The pipes are supposed to be protected from corrosion. To do this, they must be painted from the inside with moisture-resistant enamels, and to drain the condensate at regular intervals, drill small holes... For the same purpose, it is necessary to place the pipe at a slope so that moisture droplets can flow out. To avoid damage to the insulation, the ends of the pipes are cleaned from sharp burrs and additionally equipped with plastic tips.

For the device of hidden wiring in a wooden house, cables inside the walls are laid in metal pipes and led out into niches, covered with metal sockets

The big disadvantage of hidden wiring in a wooden structure is the inaccessibility of cables. If any problems arise, it will be very difficult to replace the old cable with a new one. Nevertheless, this type of wiring has its fans. Especially among designers who are primarily concerned with the aesthetic solution of the home.

Video: hidden wiring in a wooden frame

Test wiring

After finishing the installation, the customer needs to invite employees of the electrical laboratory. The purpose of the test is to measure the resistance of the system as a whole, ground resistance and check all automation: RCDs, circuit breakers, current flow meter. If all parameters correspond to the norm, the customer receives a protocol signed by the responsible person. This document is presented to the service company when concluding a contract for the supply of electricity to the facility.

After the end of the work, it is necessary to invite a specialist to check the system and obtain a wiring test report

At self-fulfillment When installing wiring, it is important to observe personal safety precautions. Electric shock can cause irreparable harm to health and cause death. Installation is carried out only when the power supply is disconnected. Commissioning of equipment is carried out in the presence of an authorized representative of the design organization.

tehznatok.com

Installation of hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house. Part 2

Welcome to the website http://zametkielectrika.ru.

In the last article (part 1) I told you about the mistakes that electricians make when performing hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house, as well as what the consequences are.

Today I am writing a continuation of the article for you.

How to carry out the installation correctly?

I will say right away that the primary basis should only be the requirements of electrical safety and fire safety. The cost of electro goes to the background. installation works and interior design.

Laying methods

There are 2 ways of laying cables and wires in voids and ceilings made of wood, i.e. from combustible material.

1. In a metal pipe

The first method, I think the safest and most reliable - is the laying of cables and wires in metal pipes or metal boxes.

But this method of laying is quite laborious and laborious. But let's talk about this below.

2. In a plastic PVC corrugation, a box (channel) and a metal hose

The plastic surface of the corrugation and boxes refers to non-combustible materials and is designated by the index "ng", i.e. does not spread or sustain combustion. Read about this in the wiring requirements article.

I told you about the laying of wires and cables in a metal hose, PVC corrugation and a duct (channel) in the first part of the article. But here I want to add the following.

Such a gasket is allowed to be made under one IMPORTANT condition:

Throughout the entire length and on all sides, it is necessary to put a non-combustible material between the metal hose (PVC corrugation and the box) and wooden surfaces.

Fireproof materials can be: alabaster, plaster, cement, concrete, etc.

Installation of hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house using metal pipes

As I said above, the installation of hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house using metal pipes is laborious and labor-intensive. And besides, such electrical installation can only be performed by trained and qualified specialists.

Where to begin?

The very first thing to start with the installation is the materials. And I advise you to use copper pipes.

Why copper pipes?

Because copper pipes are easily deformed (bend easily). Therefore, when using copper pipes, an additional professional tool does not need to be purchased.

A few more words I want to tell you that the installation of hidden electrical wiring must be carried out in such a way as to ensure the interchangeability of wires and cables. What can not be said about metal boxes, tk. when pulling wires and cables in this case, we will damage their insulation about sharp corners turns.

1. Route marking

If you have a project, then this is the task of the designers. But if you do the installation yourself (on your own), then the marking of the wiring route must be chosen the most optimal, i.e. with minimal damage to wooden surfaces since chipping and drilling in wood structures weakens them.

2. Installation of junction boxes

Here I want to say that only metal junction boxes need to be installed and in accessible places for inspection and further maintenance and operation.

It is forbidden to hide and hide the junction boxes.

3. Diameter of metal pipe

Also an important point.

How to choose the right metal pipe diameter?

The diameter of the metal pipe is very easy to select. It is necessary that wires and cables enter the pipe freely, while filling 40% of the pipe cross-section.

How to choose the wall thickness of a metal pipe?

The wall thickness of a metal pipe for hidden wiring is selected based on the cross-section of the wire or cable cores laid in this pipe.

In order not to burden you with unnecessary figures, I will give the data in the form of a table.

4. Installation of mounting boxes (socket boxes)

To choose the right location for the socket outlets, read the article Installing sockets and switches.

It is necessary to use only metal junction boxes for sockets and switches, which we attach to the already connected metal pipe.

If you used steel pipes, then we connect the pipe and the junction box with a nut. You can also use welding for the connection, which is, in my opinion, a more reliable connection. Junction boxes are mounted in the same way.

It looks like this.

If you used copper pipes during installation, then the end of the copper pipe is expanded in the installation box.

5. Grounding of metal pipes

The installation of a metal pipe must be carried out without pipe breaks in junction and junction boxes. In this case, the PE grounding conductor is connected to the pipe in the ASU switchboard.

If the pipe has breaks, then at the break point you need to ensure the connection of the pipe to the PE grounding conductor.

6. Electrical measurements

The next installation point is electrical measurements. It is necessary to measure the presence of a circuit between earthing switches and grounded installations and elements of a grounded installation, i.e. metal connection.

I will tell you how to do this next time. Subscribe to the site news.

This measurement gives us the assurance that all metal junction and back boxes are continuous and connected to the common PE bus in the home switchgear.

7. Laying wires and cables

Wiring is carried out with three-core or five-core wires, i.e. on the TN-C-S or TN-S system. You can choose the brand of wires and cables according to my recommendations. Follow the link and study the material.

For information - the PUNP wire is prohibited for use.

Plastic sleeves are put on the ends of metal pipes so as not to damage the wires and cables during laying.

Then "steel" is pulled into a metal pipe, with the help of which wires and cables are subsequently pulled to the junction boxes.

Upon completion of work on laying wires and cables of hidden electrical wiring in metal pipes, it is necessary to measure the insulation resistance to make sure that the insulation was not damaged during installation.

8. Connection

The last step installation of hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house is cutting and connecting wires and cables to electrical equipment.

9. Completion of work

After completing the installation, you need to contact the employees of the electrical laboratory, who will conduct the following acceptance measurements and tests:

After all the measurements, the electrical laboratory specialists will write a conclusion on the condition and serviceability of your newly installed hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house.

In the next article, read about open wiring in a wooden house.

P.S. This concludes the article. I think I have demonstrated to you in detail and clearly how to carry out the installation correctly. Ask your questions in the comments.

zametkielectrika.ru

All electrical work requires from the contractor accuracy, increased attention, strict adherence to technical rules and established standards. When planning and carrying out the electrification of a wooden house, it is necessary to consult a qualified electrician, get acquainted with regulatory documents, the basic requirements and the sequence of laying the electrical wire.

Requirements for electrical wiring in a wooden house

The installation of electrical wiring in wooden houses has some differences and features from the electrification of stone houses. Safety should be a priority in design and cabling. There are a number of basic rules that must be strictly followed:

1. Thorough insulation of electric current conductors by means of non-combustible materials (NYM, VVGng, VVGng-LS).
2. Aluminum conductors must be replaced with copper conductors with a cross section of at least 16 mm sq. The cable must enter the house through a metal sleeve. The transition of a wire from one room to another is carried out through a rigid metal pipe.
3. It is desirable to carry out electrification of a wooden house using an “open” method.
4. It is necessary to make an accurate calculation of the cable thickness, leaving a margin of at least 30%.
5. Particular attention should be paid to the quality of the materials used. Choose a cable with non-flammable insulation.
6. If it is necessary to install hidden electrical wiring, it is imperative to use a metal pipe. Lay the cable in corrugated pipes forbidden.
7. Installation of an RCD, a ground loop and a lightning rod is required. In this case, not only electrical appliances are subject to grounding, but also metal pipes in which the cable is laid.
8. Input node - the switchboard should be insulated as much as possible from the wooden structures of the house. Sometimes it is necessary to build a brick wall, and the floors are made of cement / concrete screed.

Wiring options in a wooden house

Do-it-yourself wiring in a wooden house, namely cabling, can be done in three ways:

Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in a wooden house: diagrams

According to current regulations, when electrifying a private house without installing a transformer, the power consumption cannot exceed 15 kW. This indicator is calculated by summing the power of simultaneously turned on electrical appliances. If the result is less than 15 kW, then an input machine is installed at 25A, otherwise a transformer is additionally required.

When developing a wiring diagram, the connection points are divided into different consumption groups. For example, lighting devices are powered from one machine, a separate device is required for outlets, and an additional one for street lighting.

It is advisable to equip personal machines and a separate power supply branch for powerful electrical equipment: an electric stove, a boiler or an electric boiler. Separate power supplies are also required for detached outbuildings.

Important! For safety reasons, it is better to increase the number of branches of the power supply - this measure helps to reduce potentially dangerous areas of the connection.

Below is an approximate do-it-yourself wiring diagram in a private wooden house.

Some nuances when developing a circuit:

1. An introductory machine and a power supply organization meter must be placed on the street for the convenience of controlling electricity consumption.
2. For outdoor placement, the meter and the circuit breaker must be in a sealed case that prevents moisture, dirt and dust from entering. Boxing protection class - not less than IP-55. The requirements for boxes installed inside a wooden structure are slightly lower - IP-44, the main condition is that the body is made of metal.
3. For an emergency shutdown of electricity, it is necessary to place an RCD - the device will work in the event of a short circuit in the network.

Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in a wooden house: step-by-step instructions

Power supply project development

For development individual project in the power supply organization (RES), it is necessary to obtain technical conditions, which will become the basis for further work.

The design of the power supply of a wooden house is carried out in the following sequence:

When organizing power supply and drawing up a project, one should be guided not only by personal wishes, but also by certain requirements:

1. Only vertical or horizontal arrangement of wires is allowed.
2. All turns of the wire are performed strictly at right angles.
3. Sockets, switches and junction boxes must be freely accessible.
4. According to the rules, the installation of switches is carried out at a distance of 0.6-1.5 meters from the floor level, the cable is fed from above.
5. The optimal placement of the sockets is 0.5-0.8 m from the floor, the recommended number of outlets is 1 pc. by 6 sq.m. In rooms with big amount household appliances sockets will be more.
6. Do not run wires closer than 10 cm from door / window openings. It is necessary to exclude the contact of wires with metal elements and adjacent wires (the minimum allowable distance is 0.5 cm).

Selection of equipment and cables

To avoid complex calculations to determine the correct cable, you can use the electrical engineering handbook. The cross-section of the wire core directly depends on the expected loads.

The power consumption of equipment and electrical appliances is indicated in technical passport or operating instructions. Based on these values, a wire with cores of the required section is selected. To determine the size of the lead-in cable, it is necessary to summarize the power of the installed electrical appliances.

Advice. For a wooden house, you should choose a cable marked "NG" (do not support combustion) and "LS" (reduced smoke emission). Usually, wires with a cross section of 2.5 mm and 1.5 mm are used for internal wiring.

The input circuit breaker is selected with a rating sufficient so that at maximum load the power supply to the house does not turn off, but an open circuit occurs, preventing a short circuit.

For single-phase power supply, the circuit breaker is selected as follows:

When choosing switches and sockets, some parameters are taken into account:

• the amount of current for which the equipment is designed;
• installation option: external / hidden wiring;
• number of keys - for switches, number of places - for sockets.

1. Household appliances with high power (electric stoves, washing machines, boilers, fireplaces, refrigerators, etc.) must be grounded. In such situations, it is advisable to use sockets with a lug to connect the ground wire.
2. Tees should be avoided. To connect several electrical appliances at the same time, a group of outlets or dual models are installed.
3. The choice of switches is determined by the lighting mode. To simultaneously turn on several light sources or one lamp, set the switch to one key, for different modes - two- and three-key.

Installation of the machine and power supply

According to the developed scheme, junction boxes are installed, the attachment points of switches, sockets and lighting devices are marked. In the designated place, the electrical panel housing is mounted and the following actions are performed:

1. Installation in the housing of the meter panel.
2. Installation of an introductory machine on metallic profile(din-rail). Supply to a two-pole automatic phase and neutral.
3. The terminals (output terminals) of the meter are connected to the input of the input machine.
4. Plant the cable into the house and connect it to the input terminals of the meter.
5. A voltage relay, an RCD, automatic devices for various power groups (lighting, sockets) are installed on a din-rail.

Cable entry into the house is carried out underground or over the air. The second option will be cheaper, but such a supply is considered less reliable. Self-supporting insulated wires are used for air inlet. The main condition is the installation of a fireproof sleeve at the entry site in the house.

With the underground method, a metal pipe is used for input, which protects the supply cable from various influences. Laying the cable in this way must necessarily be coordinated with the distributing power company.

Cable laying, installation of switches and sockets

The wire of the selected section is laid in a closed or open way according to the layout plan.

Do-it-yourself internal wiring technology in a wooden house:

Let's consider step by step how to carry out electrical wiring in a wooden house with your own hands using wall cable channels:

Important! The number of connections affects the ability of the system to carry loads - the more there are, the worse the load capacity.

RCD and grounding

Arrangement of the ground loop involves the following actions:

1. Prepare metal rods diameter 3 cm / length 3 m.
2. Digging a trench 30 cm deep in a triangular shape, where the length of each side is 1 m. Install metal rods at the corners of the formed triangle.
3. The connection of reinforcement to each other with metal corners by welding.
4. Weld an eyelet (loop) to one corner and fix a steel bar 1 cm thick on it.
5. The rod is laid so that it is connected to the grounding conductor in the electrical panel. Insulation of grounding conductors of cables is yellow-green.

After the metering device, it is advisable to place an RCD in the dashboard. This device will protect a person from electric shock if it leaks onto the equipment case. The RCD parameters are selected based on the value of the rated current in the network. Such a protective device is especially important for rooms with increased level humidity (bathroom, sauna, pool, etc.).

Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in a wooden house: video

Common Beginner Mistakes

The electrification of a wooden house is a responsible event. According to statistics from firefighters, most wooden structures catch fire primarily due to faulty electrical wiring. Some novice masters may ignore the advice of professionals and make a number of gross mistakes:

1. Hiding wiring under timber ceiling structures.
2. Laying cables under the skirting board.
3. Use for laying corrugated wire PVC pipes... Despite the practical qualities of the material and the convenience of its installation, PVC pipes are prohibited from using for the electrification of wooden buildings.
4. Arrangement of the insulated cable in the groove without the use of a metal pipe.
5. The use of plastic boxes for sockets and switches.

Why is the idea of ​​building a wooden house attractive? This is the ecological purity of materials that can provide a comfortable and healthy microclimate in the premises of the home and, of course, the desire of homeowners to follow the traditions of Russian architecture. Modern market building materials allows you to build a house made of profiled and glued beams, as well as rounded logs. In contrast to all the advantages inherent in houses made of wood, there is a problem with the arrangement of electrical wiring. The option of open wiring, laid in cable channels, does not always meet the requirements of an attractive interior design, the homeowner is faced with the question of how to make hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house with his own hands. We will talk about this further.

Benefits of hidden wiring

The indisputable advantages of installing hidden wiring in a wooden house are:

1. The absence of cable channels on the walls, adversely affecting appearance premises and significantly complicate the process of applying wallpaper.
2. Minimizing the risk of mechanical damage to cables and wiring wires.
3. Possibility of replacing the cable laid in the pipe.
4. A high degree of electrical fire safety, subject to correct installation work in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents.

Special requirements for safety

Hidden installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house is very difficult, it requires strict compliance with fire safety standards, requirements and compliance with GOST R 50571.1-2009. A person who does not have experience in electrical installation should not try to do this work with his own hands. The homeowner who has invited specialists for the arrangement needs to know the basic provisions on the installation methods in order to control the performance of work and in no case should this material be taken as step-by-step instructions.

When designing a home electrical network, the main emphasis is on ensuring fire safety, even if it goes against the aesthetic component. The finished project must be coordinated with specialists. The hidden wiring diagram should provide for a minimum of turns of the electric line. Given the high likelihood of a fire in wooden structures, the wiring should be laid in such a way that even a tiny section of the electric highway does not come into contact with the wood. The cable must be laid in steel or copper pipes. It is allowed to lay electrical wiring in a corrugated metal hose, as well as in PVC corrugation, provided they are protected with plaster or asbestos gasket.

The diameter of the pipe is selected taking into account the fact that the hidden electrical wiring laid in it should occupy 40% of its internal cavity. The thickness of its walls must correspond to the cross-section of the conductors according to VSN 370-93 or SP 31.110-2003 table. 14.1. Pulling the electric line through pipes can cause mechanical damage to its shell, therefore, after each such operation, it must be performed. Special requirements are imposed on the brand of the cable, its sheath must be made of a non-combustible three-layer material, and the marking of domestic samples must necessarily contain the letter symbols "ng-LS". For example, VVGng-LS. The imported analogue is NYMng-LS cable.

The pipes must be securely threaded, welded or brazed. Places of interroom transitions, as well as points of installation of wiring elements should be equipped with metal boxes or glasses wrapped in asbestos and fixed with alabaster plaster. In more detail, we talked about it in a separate article.

Installation features

The most time-consuming operation when laying hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house is the installation of pipes in the body of the wall. The process is quite laborious, requiring the greatest possible accuracy and precision. The production of these works will require special practical skills and a special high-tech tool.

To insert insulating pipes into walls, drilling will be required, both horizontally and vertically. Vertical holes are drilled during the laying of the log house, horizontal holes when the walls have already been erected. After the pipes are fixed in the body of the wooden walls, a wire is inserted into them, which will serve as a conductor for pulling the wire. The seats are carefully cut to fit the dimensions of the wiring elements, insulating metal boxes are attached to them.

Alternatively, floor wiring. Is it possible to avoid such a laborious process associated with placing pipes in the walls? Many homeowners, when arranging a hidden electrician in a wooden house, practice laying wiring along the ceiling in attic... The fire safety requirements for this method of wiring remain the same, the electric line in the attic is insulated with metal pipes or trays, only descents to switches and sockets are carried out along grooves or vertical drills in the walls, as shown in the photo below:

Another option is hidden wiring in plaster. You can take the simplest route and lay electrical wiring between layers of plaster. The method is primitive and not expensive, but not very safe. The plaster actively absorbs moisture, and also cracks over time, which is why it loses its insulating properties.

Useful information

For the laying of hidden wiring on wood, experts recommend that developed in Germany, with three-layer insulation made of non-combustible material. You can also use the domestic VVGng-LS cable.

Copper pipes are much more expensive, but much easier to bend and ask. desired profile... Depending on the situation, you can use a combination of hidden wiring with an open one.

Installing a socket into a wooden wall

Typical mistakes

Now you know how hidden electrical wiring can be done in a wooden house with your own hands. We hope our advice on installation, as well as the rules and requirements provided, have helped you understand the whole essence of the work!

Materials (edit)

Do-it-yourself installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house

The organization of power supply in wooden houses has a number of points that you need to pay attention to. First of all, this is due to the high flammability of wood, which means that improper installation of the wiring easily becomes the cause of a fire. Consider the stages of preparation and installation, as well as provide recommendations and advice regarding this type of work.

Wiring in a wooden house: choice of material, connection to the structure

Electricity in a wooden house is carried out in such a way as to minimize the risk of fire.

It must meet the following requirements:

• all cable products must be with a refractory braid, as well as insulated with refractory materials (aluminum or thermal plastic tubes (corrugations) or boxes are used for their laying);
• current-carrying wires must be with copper conductors and with such a cross-section to withstand the required load (depending on the power of the connected devices);
• it is also necessary to ensure that the channels for laying cables (grooves) are treated with fire protection (Neoflame, Frisol, Fukam) if they are mounted directly into wooden walls. If in a wooden house there is internal thermal insulation walls, then cable channels are made in it, it is important to process it if it is combustible.

External wiring

Electrical wiring in a wooden house, according to the type of installation, it is divided into internal and external. If a wooden house is located in a cottage town or in the private sector, then the wiring to the house is most often supplied through earthen cable channels and wells, and if in a village, then most often it is a canopy (through the air, by attaching wires to a cable).

When supplying electric current from a common network to buildings, self-supporting wires are most often chosen, where the insulating material is not subject to the destructive effects of the external environment. The optimal cable cross-section is from 16 mm, and the take-off from the point of its entry to the ground is from 2.75 m.

Self-supporting insulated wires are mostly aluminum, and they are categorically not suitable for fire safety for wooden buildings, which means that before entering the room, it is necessary to make a transition for a copper cable. This is done by placing an electricity meter on the outer wall of the house with an aluminum wire connected to it, from which it will already go to the switchboard through a special "sleeve" copper cable(the sleeve is a kind of filter and adapter).

It is also installed in the electrical panels:

• an emergency shutdown device with circuit breakers for 25 or 16 Amperes (to automatically turn off the power supply in case of voltage surges within the network);
• RCD - residual current device (for disconnecting the power supply in case of power surges in the external network).

The choice of the type of installation depends to a large extent on the type and aesthetics of the decorative design of the rooms. Do-it-yourself wiring in a wooden house is easy to install, but, of course, there are special recommendations and some nuances of work.

Installation of a self-supporting insulated wire to a wooden house video-intsrutsky

Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in a wooden house: internal work

Installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house may have some differences in cable laying technology, as well as in consumables regardless of the type selected. Hidden wiring is usually laid with a more aesthetic wall decoration, placing them in special boxes made of metal or non-combustible plastic directly between the base of the wall and the cladding (they can be mounted in insulation). This option is ideal for major repairs of a wooden house or immediately after its construction.

Hidden wiring in a wooden house it is placed in fireproof boxes. If they are mounted on wood or fusible insulating materials, then before this, the laying places must be carefully treated with fire protection.

Copper or aluminum pipes are particularly preferred as cable ducts, since they are cheaper. They are preferred because they easily bend to "cold" and do not transfer heat when the cable is heated. Steel, on the other hand, is often chosen due to its lower cost, but with significant turning radii, they have to be heated with gas burners or blowtorches.

Hidden wiring in a wooden house: project development and route definition

When starting work, it is important to draw up a detailed installation project for the wiring, according to which the routing of the wire lines and the installation of the location points of the branch and junction boxes, switches and sockets, as well as the elements of the power network are carried out.

As for the route itself, it is desirable that it has as few bends and oblique lines as possible (ideally, all lines should be parallel to each other and relative to the walls / floor of the room), but if this is not possible, then junction boxes should be provided for several lines wiring. They are usually located in the most accessible places for service, and not in ceilings or partitions.

After the layout of the installation route, you can prepare the walls, namely, drill holes for boxes and metal pipes or gouge, depending on the selected type of installation.

Do-it-yourself electrician in a wooden house: how to choose the right boxes and tubes

The size of the tubes depends on the diameter of the selected cable, as well as on the number of wiring lines (it is not recommended to lay more than two lines in one tube). It is necessary that the electric wires stretch through them easily, without occupying more than 40% of their internal area. The thickness of the metal is also important to prevent them from being burned out in the event of a short circuit.

For example:

• when choosing wires made of copper (section ≤ 2.5 sq. mm) and aluminum (≤ 4 sq. mm), the thickness is not standardized;
• for cables with a diameter ≤ 6 sq. mm - the thickness must be at least 2.5 mm;
• a minimum of 2.8 mm is allowed for pipes made of aluminum and copper with a cross section of ≤ 10 and 4 sq. mm, respectively;
• 3.2 mm - for wires with a diameter of ≤ 25 and 10 mm2.

Basic rules when performing work

Having prepared the surfaces, you can start laying the boxes and placing the sockets and switches. For this, nests of the required size are drilled in the surfaces and pipes are installed to which the mounting boxes will be attached.

In the case when a copper cable is used, after insertion it is important to expand the ends and solder to the box itself, and the steel edges can be attached by welding. Junction boxes are installed in the same way, the main thing is that all connections have reliable corrosion protection, and all elements of the general structure are grounded without breaks in the circuit.

For electrical wiring, three-core or five-core wires, equipped with grounding conductors, are usually used. At the ends of the pipes, special sleeves are installed to protect the insulation from possible damage.

Installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house video

Open wiring in a wooden house

Photo 4. Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in a wooden house. Types of installation, connection of the power board

Installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house open type is carried out using specially designed cable channels, roller insulators or skirting boards. This type of cable laying is preferable for wooden houses, where repairs have already been made, the walls are insulated and upholstered with facing material.

Wiring in cable ducts

Such devices are boxes that are attached to the wall and, after the wiring is installed, are closed with a lock fastener. Here, a non-combustible cable is usually chosen (BBGng, NYM), and the channels themselves must also be fireproof. The main advantages of this method are ease of installation and easy access to wires.

Insulator rollers

Insulation rollers are not new to open wiring assembly. Here, special cables are taken, which consist of stranded copper conductors with a PVC insulating sheath and a silk coating impregnated with a refractory compound.

For timber buildings, open wires should be placed at least 1 cm from the wall, and insulators that look like rollers are used as fasteners. It does not always look aesthetically pleasing, respectively. this way more suitable for conducting electricity to household or utility buildings.

Electrical skirting boards

Skirting boxes - used for cable routing under the ceiling or above the floor. They are comfortable, safe and at the same time look quite attractive, do not violate the overall interior design. Another plus, there is always access to the wires themselves, just like when using ordinary boxes, but at the same time, all elements are hidden from prying eyes.

Skirting boards are usually used in conjunction with trunks and are ideal for organizing additional connections, with a ready-made electrical network or repairs made.

Installation of a wiring box in a wooden house video

Switches and sockets for a wooden house

After studying the wiring diagram and marking the cable lines, you can start installing all the sockets and switches. For greater fire safety on them, as well as on the bases of any lamps, sconces and dimmers, there should be metal substrates for mounting to walls or ceilings.

Outcome

As you can see, electrical work in a wooden house can be done independently. Of course, you will need a thorough study of the schemes and features, carry out many calculations and measurements, but if you follow the safety rules and adhere to our instructions, wiring electricity will not cause any problems.