Recently, the interior designers pay a lot of attention to lighting houses and apartments. And as the practice has shown, not in vain. With the help of light, small communists can be turned if not luxurious palaces, then in very decent apartments.

Lighting strongly changes color. Therefore, before buying any "color" element for the future interior (fabric, paints, wallpapers, carpets, furniture, etc.), the competent designer "tests" its sample is not only with the natural light in the store, but also when lighting, which will be installed in the apartment . Otherwise, it can easily happen that, say, a beautiful blue carpet, together with a carefully selected ensemble of a bluish furniture and accessories in a room with "warm" lighting, will turn into an inexpressive bracket of mouser items, which seem to be numb in a somnambulic trance, completely forgetting about the initial color The idea.

There are special colorful tables showing how "warm" and "cold" artificial light affects the mutations of the color gamut. For example, a pastel shade of yellow (during daylight) becomes brighter with "warm" lighting and very weak and grayish with "cold". It is well known that the color of the walls, gender and the ceiling can change our perception of the size of the room.

Dark paints make rooms less, ceilings below. Light colors Give an optical expansion room seems spacious, the ceilings "rise".

Cold of blue tones creates an impression of space. Walls and ceilings are optically moved.

Warm colors with a distinct red presence have the opposite effect. They seem to be moved to the viewer.

Warm yellowish tones are less aggressive than shades of red. Dark shades narrow the room light - expand.

Speaking O. light design The interior should take into account these effects, and separately for each lighting mode.

The light gives out the objects of the situation of some kind of life and a special "expression of the face." They enter new spatial relationships. Their contours can be dissolved in the air or, in contrast to become clear, contrasting and "muscular." Something is suitable from darkness closer, something will move away into the shadow ... It is time for blissful for the entire in the room and especially - for the fact that "age". Old furniture It acquires young freshness and grace, the faded curtains - again from the muslin and velvet, mutilated by planning protrusions of the wall becomes slim and mysterious ... etc., etc. - Light every evening creates his fairy tale every evening.

Bedroom

The main rule: the light should be necessarily reflected and in no case should not fall into the eye.
Local sources are constantly present in the bedroom, often they perform in the form of sconces and carry a double load: at night, as a light source, during the day - design element.
The required type of local lighting is light near the head of the head: read, dream, look at the clock. For this purpose, several variants of lamps are used: desktop, wall, outdoor and built-in headboard.
It is believed that the light source, located at an altitude of about 1.3 meters, is optimal for local lighting.
No less comfortable in the bedroom lamps on movable brackets or on flexible legs. They allow you to change the point of the outgoing light and the angle of inclination of the light flux.

And near the mirror in the bedroom it is better to place several identical lamps around the perimeter. For the morning toilet, the thing is simply indispensable.

Bathroom

Unlike other apartments, the bathroom needs bright light. Light design options Multiple, most importantly, the lamps match the design plumbing accessories And fit into the interior both included and turned off. The main criterion when choosing a lamp for a bathroom, its safety should be. Electrical engineering should be protected from direct moisture ingress, and metal fittings High-voltage luminaires must be grounded.
The most popular solution for today when lighting the bathrooms is the use of halogen lamps that have won their popularity of miniature. In addition, halogens, in comparison with conventional incandescent lamps, provide higher illumination at the same energy flow rate. Halogen luminaires can be built-in and open.

Kitchen

Perfect lighting for small cuisine - zoning. Sources of light should be placed above the functional areas: work surface, dining table And bar counter, if it is. Local light tasks are well executed spotlights With halogen lamps. A fairly popular solution when they are embedded in the upper cornice of mounted lockers. If your kitchen has no hinged lockers, use autonomous lamps. Over the dining table, if it is not at the wall, suspend a single lamp, which should provide intense, directional light. Well, if its height is adjustable, it will help create a certain atmosphere.

Corridor

In order to visually expand a narrow corridor, it is necessary to place the lamps along a flat line, along one of the walls of the room.
A frequent location of the lamps when they are installed along the middle line of the ceiling, on the contrary narrows the space.

The illuminated wall at the end of the corridor makes it wider.

Bright transverse light visually reduces the length.

You can deepen the prospect of a long corridor by placing a smooth number of the same type of luminaires on the ceiling.

Longitudinal lighting allows you to pull the short space.

There are many techniques, with which you can increase, narrow or expand space.Here are a few rules that you can apply in practice with the light adjustment of residential premises.

The maximum illumination of the walls and the use of materials with good reflective properties, with a good reflective properties, will help you visually expand the space, which is very relevant for not large premises.

When highlighting large rooms, it is best to use straight light lamps.

By changing the brightness of light reflected from the floor, walls and ceiling, the room can be adjusted.

It will be possible to reduce the height of the ceiling, if you place the lamps on it, the light rays will be directed to the walls, in which case the ceiling will be in the shade and visually reduced.

The light design of the residential interior is important not only for eye health, it stimulates the work of the brain and contributes to a good rest. Therefore, to the selection of lighting for its apartment you need to approach with all seriousness.

Properly arranged lighting can make a person's life much more comfortable, because the lack of light is not only harmful to the eyes, but also affects the mood - and far from the better. In the room, which is located on the shadow side of the house, the lighting should be slightly brighter than for the room on the sunny side. Several right lamps located at different levels will create a comfortable setting, allocate required places And make an apartment more pleasant to life.

Lighting parameters

To understand how much lighting devices And what power will you need, you need to know the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. For an apartment, these are the following values:

For lounge and corridor Lights 1 sq.m. Must be 50 LCs;

• For wardrobe - 75 LCs;
• For bedroom, living room and kitchen - 150 LCs;
• For children - 200 LCs;
• For the bathroom and toilet - 50 LCs (up to 200 LC for shaving and makeup applies).

These parameters allow you to determine the amount of light bulbs and their power for a particular room. For example, in a children's area of \u200b\u200b10 square meters. M shared light flow should be at least 2000 lm. Knowing the magnitude of the light flux, you can pick up the right amount and the capacity of lighting devices. You can take one ceiling lamp With five LED lamps with a capacity of 4-5 W, or a chandelier with two incandescent lamps of 60 W, adding it two single sheds with luminescent lamps of 10 - 13 W. Also for children good option The ceiling lamps with a dimmer regulating the lighting brightness.

For a room with light walls and wallpaper, the allowable indicator of the light stream can be reduced almost twice, and for the apartment on the shadow side - on the contrary, it is increased.

Wall-ceiling lamps

In the room on the dark side of one chandelier may not be enough. It can make a multi-level lighting, which will allow you to adjust the thread brightness depending on the time of day and will ensure comfort to the eyes and nervous system. This task is solved using a curly suspended ceiling with or additional backlight in the form of wall-ceiling lights in the most active and dark areas of the room - a working, dining or billiard zone. For places with high risk of dust and moisture from the windows, air conditioners, in the bathroom and the toilet, choose wall-ceiling lamps with a high degree of dustlessness.

Sconce and table lamps

SPOT AND TRACK SYSTEMS

Lamps

Interior backlight

Reference article based on the author's expert opinion.

Lighting in the house is an important component of a comfortable stay in it. In our world, natural lighting cannot satisfy all the needs of people, and in the apartment without artificial light sources just can not do.

However, not everyone knows that there are special standards for calculating the level of illumination for each room. You should calculate the number of light bulbs to be installed for each specific room. How to do it and why this should generally tell our article.

Value of light

Not proper lighting - Enem of Vision

The role of light B. everyday life It is difficult to overestimate, because without lighting the comfort of our dwelling will be very reduced. The light has an impact not only on the safety of our movement in the apartment, but also on health indicators. If the room will illuminate an insufficient number of lamps, then the following health problems may occur:

• significant drop in visual acuity. In the worsome case, glasses and advice from an ophthalmologist may be needed;
• reducing the overall health of households;
• the appearance of excessive irritability;
• falling immunity and an increase in the frequency of colds;

Note! Especially negatively incorrect lighting of the room affects the health of children.

• reduction of productivity;
• sleep disturbance;
• reducing the emotional background of households.

As you can see, for each room you need to calculate the desired number of light bulbs, with which sufficient lighting of the room will be created.

As we found out, the illumination in the house plays a huge role. Lamps should be given as much light as needed for a particular room.
In an apartment or private house, each room has its purpose and features of operation (kitchen, bedroom, living room, corridor, etc.). Special attention In this question, it is necessary to give a children's room, since even a small deviation of the light flow from the norm may lead to a negative effect on the body. Each room must have its own indicator of the number of light bulbs and lamps.
Calculate the number of lamps that you need for a particular room should be followed by special formulas. Ideally, the illumination should be taken into account even at the design stage of buildings and rooms. With proper planning, the lamp will give enough light for a comfortable stay of a person in a particular room.

Lighting design

The degree of illumination is normalized by some legal actsincoming the SNiP (building standards and rules), as well as SanPine (sanitary standards and rules). These documents on regional level Compleced by a variety of acts and industry documentation.
In documents for private houses and apartments, recommended and minimum standards regarding lighting are given. They are listed in the suites on M2.
Note! In this documentation for 1 luxury, the lighting is taken, which is available in the tropics during the full moon. At the same time, incandescent bulbs are 100 watts give illumination in 1350 lux.
Calculate the required amount of light bulbs for each room by regulatory documentation It is necessary with small adjustments, since only minimal values \u200b\u200bare given here.

Types of lighting

Before proceeding to the calculations of the required number of light bulbs, it is necessary to deal with what lighting happens. So, as you can guess, it can be of two types:

• natural;
• artificial, which creates lamps. It is for this type of lighting and will be calculated by the number of light bulbs.

Artificial lighting

In turn, artificial lighting can create the following varieties of light bulbs:

• incandescent lamps;
• lED bulbs. These are the so-called LED lamps. In this context, it is necessary to separately consider LED lamps and LED tapes that work on the same principle;
• fluorescent lamps;
• halogen lamps. Separately, it is worth noting that among halogen types of light sources there are still some subspecies. This also needs to be considered when calculating;
• neon lamps.

Light stream lamp

Each of the above type of light bulbs creates lighting in a specific range in suites. Therefore, when calculating it is necessary to consider the type of lamp, which will create light in the room.
At the same time, it is not necessary to forget that the sources of artificial light can create the following lighting:

• general. In this case, the illumination of the room is carried out using a centrally located lighting device. Often, the chandelier acts in his role;
• combined. A distinctive feature Such a light illumination is that local lighting is formed here - zoning of the room with lighting devices is organized. At the same time, each zone may differ according to the degree of brightness of light.

Lighting calculation

The lighting calculation is a complex process of determining the required number of light sources for each individual room. It is carried out by several methods and requires accounting for all the parameters of the room, its technical and physical characteristics, as well as estimates of the type of light bulbs used.
Note! Accuracy When calculating the desired number of lamps for rooms, apartments and houses does not require such accuracy. Enough to get into the allowable range to prevent negative influence on the human body.
But here you need to take into account some reservations:

• light thread that create lamps. They can be different types. Special emphasis should be done for halogen and LED lamps, as they have another gradation on light flow;
• the height of the ceiling (in rare cases, the distance from the floor to the wall lamp). This indicator may be different, since all the construction of the last century, which in our country the prevailing majority were built in various architectural ideas. This parameter can be varied, choosing, for example, low chandeliers at high ceilings;

The ceiling height is important

• appointment of the room itself. For a kitchen and children's room, a larger light flow is required than for a corridor or bedroom.

In all respects, during the settlement, it is necessary to rely only on individual lamp indicators. In this case, the main indicator of the calculations will be the specific power of the lamp. It is determined by the value of the product consumed electrical power (not to be confused with light) per 1 m2 of the room. Exactly this indicator It is indicated on all the bulbs in the form of marking.
The electrical power for each room has the following indicators:

• living room and office - 22 W per square meter;
• bedroom - 15 W per 1 m 2;
• kitchen - 26 W per 1 m 2;
• children's room - 60 W per 1 m 2;
• bathroom - 20 W per 1 m 2;
• the corridor is 12 W per 1 m 2.

The above parameters are considered relevant for halogen and conventional lamps. In a situation if fluorescent light sources are used, the above rules must be reduced by 2.5-3 times. For LED lamps - reduce 10 times.

Power lamps

In addition, this indicator will rely also on the type of lighting device (chandelier, point lamps).

How to calculate

To calculate the number of required lamps for the room, it is necessary to be guided by the principle of rounding fractions to the most side. This means that when receiving, for example, the values \u200b\u200bof 36 W for a small corridor, it is better to use two light bulbs by 25 W than one to 40 W.
Note! This question also needs to evaluate the color gamut of the room. In the presence of dark tones in the design, you should give preference to brighter light sources.
To obtain specific numbers, it is necessary to use the formula to calculate the spots. Here, for the calculation of the optimal level of the required lighting, the following formula is applied:
N \u003d (s * w) / p, where these indicators indicate the following values:

• N - the number of luminaires available in the room. Measured in pieces;
• S is an area of \u200b\u200bavailable room. Measured in sq.m;
• W is the specific power of the light flux emitted by light bulbs. The parameter denotes the level that is necessary to create optimal lighting. For each lamp this indicator. Measured in W / sq.m;
• P - Power for one lamp. Measured in W.

Remember that the numbers obtained during the calculations can fluctuate a little, but they will still be as close as possible to real single parameters.
To be clear, we give an example of calculations. Select the following parameters:

• room type - living room;
• lighting type - basic;
• type of lamps - LED;
• power spot (average) - 5 W;
• the area of \u200b\u200bthe room is 20 m2.

The specific power indicator is taken from the table or calculated approximately as it was indicated above. For lED lamp It is w \u003d 3 W / sq. M. We insert all the indicators in the formula and get n \u003d (20 * 3) / 5 \u003d 12 pcs.
You can also use another formula to determine illumination:

Lighting in the living room

P \u003d PS / N, where the indicators are decrypted as follows:

• P - illumination;
• p - specific lighting power. For incandescent lamps averaged value of p \u003d 20 W / m2, for halogen - 30 W / m2, for luminescent -10 W / m2, for LED -3 W / m2. Measured in W / m2;
• S is the area of \u200b\u200ba particular room in M2;
• N - the number of available lamps.

Using the above formulas, you can easily calculate the required amount of light bulbs for each room in your home or apartment.

Some nuances

The above formulas for calculation give the averaged indicators, so they can be slightly reduced. For example, if the room is quite rarely visited (pantry, corridor), the number of light bulbs can be dumbly reduced, but for often exploited (children's room, living room, kitchen) is allowed a minor excess of the calculated norm. In addition, combined lighting can be used, which allows you to further highlight a certain area of \u200b\u200bthe room.
As you can see, the calculations are not as complicated, but they are necessary for your health and comfortable pastime at home.

Production of original biocamine on their own

The light can transform the same room beyond recognition, creating a very different mood in it: ranging from the romantic soft dusk of the female Bouire and ending with strict, lighting light operating light. Such a phenomenon has long been successfully used by artists in the theater, which by means of lighting, without replacing scenery, change the atmosphere of the scene. Good lighting of the apartment will turn it into a fairy-tale palace, and the unsuccessful can ruthlessly expose all its shortcomings.

Those times when the choice of light sources was limited to one chandelier on the ceiling, a desk lamp on a writing desk and a lamp at the chair, passed. Now everyone with the help of light is able to turn an apartment into a wonderful theater of shadow and light. And if you plan to make lighting in the apartment, our tips below will help you.

For lighting B. modern interiors Premises apply such lighting appliances:

• fluorescent lamps;

• incandescent lamps;

• lEDs;

• metal halide and halogen light sources;

• optical fibers;

• light cords "Duralight".

The spectrum of incandescent lamps is the most comfortable for view, but they only spend 10% of their power to create light, the rest is simply transformed into thermal energy. For this reason in the room with large quantity Incandescent bulbs can be stuffy and hot, as in the television studio or photo sealing.

Fluorescent lamps cannot be heated, but not so long ago, they were reluctant to illuminate housing due to the unpleasant hum, uncomfortable for the eye of bluish-white light and the need for additional launchers intended for the connection. Modern generation These lamps are free from such disadvantages, and they can be used instead of incandescent bulbs.

Metal halide and halogen luminaires emit a narrow directional beam of light, which means they are more suitable for illumination of individual zones and illumination of the main elements of the interior - columns, sculptural groups, paintings, niches, etc.

LEDs are characterized by high strength, do not heat up, in their wide spectrum No negative human ultraviolet and infrared radiation. The durability of LEDs is eighty times higher than the resource of conventional incandescent bulbs. However, the light output of the LED leaves much to be desired to use them as independent light sources, and for this reason in the interior they are used as a night light or decorative illumination.

Light cords "Duralait" are decorative light sources made on the basis of LEDs widely used in the outer street lighting And for the light design of various elements of the interior.

Optical fibers emit light from the ends, but removing them over long distance from the main light source and applying special nozzlesYou can create incredible lighting effects.

Designers and architects have long used lighting in the interior of the house or apartment, as a visual correction of bad geometry of the room.

One of the basic design rules is that the bright light visually expands the space if reflective materials are used in the ceiling and wall decoration. If you need to visually reduce the large room, then the surface shades.

Luminaires with directional reflectors up visually "lift" very low ceilings. In turn, too high ceiling will be lower if it is sharpened by directed downward sources of light.

Well thought out home lighting design should combine the source of general lighting, for example, the main chandelier on the ceiling, as well as the point lighting lamp. Moreover, it is important that the lighting control in this case ensure independent operation of each group or the type of lamps.

The overall lighting of the room may be muted, as its main goal is to provide a relaxed community of inhabitants and free orientation in the room. The role of a brighter local light is to illuminate jobs to which a written table or a secreter, a working area in the kitchen and a dining table in a living room or dining room.

The rules for the organization of lighting advise to highlight the space behind the computer monitor or the wall behind the TV. This technique that does not violate the screen lighting, reduces fatigue and eye stress.

Well, if the overall light in the bedroom is scattered, slightly reduces the height of the ceiling, and the bedside tables and mirrors should provide more bright lamps or lamps. If in the interior of the house listed rules for the use of light carry a recommendation, then the lighting is small one-bedroom apartment It often acts as the only zoning tool that performs the function of the bedroom, the work office, living room and even the dining room.

Usually in the bathroom with additional lamps provide illumination of the toilet mirror, and halogen lamps protrude as general lighting. But the coverage of the corridor needs to be planned so that you can turn on the overall bright light at any time when you need to go, get dressed and fix the makeup.

Hall, besides utilitarian role, performs a presentable function, that is, acts as a business card at home, and that the narrow corridor does not remind his external species The dungeon of the medieval castle, with the help of lighting it can be visually increased and expanded. In addition, the coverage of the corridor should be harmoniously combined with the lighting of adjacent rooms: if the living room has bright lighting, then the hallway includes bright top light and muffle it, if the adjacent room reigns twilight. All these tasks can solve local lamps.

It is worth noting that the universal rules of work with light does not exist. Each independently chooses the concept of design, as well as illumination of its housing, but in order to avoid mistakes, you can extract illustrated magazines and read the advice of professionals on the lighting of the apartment.

Creating a project coverage of an apartment

The lighting project in the design of the interior is usually performed as an independent section, given the configuration of the ceiling, the layout of the rooms, the boundaries of the ceiling and outdoor finishing materials, location of stationary elements and furniture location.

Based on the plans of floors and ceilings, a plan for illumination of the entire apartment is created, marking places and DBS location on it, lighting and switches, both wall-mounted and ceiling - the so-called lighting script.

Standards for the number and power of lamps

One of the main conditions for creating a comfortable lighting of any residential premises is the correct ratio of the number, the power of the lighting devices and the illuminated area of \u200b\u200bthe room. Specialists in the field of lighting advise to use for every 5 m 2 lighting devices, the power of which will be 60-75 kW.

• for a one-room apartment in 30-40 m 2, you will need no more than eight lamps, for example, three ceiling, chandelier, two sheds, a table lamp and a lamp;

• for two-bedroom apartments, nine lighting devices are sufficient: three ceiling lamps, two chandeliers, floor lamp, two sconce and table lamp;

• for a three-room apartment you will need eleven lamps: just add to the set of lighting devices for one-bedroom apartment sconce and chandelier;

• for four-room apartments, you will need eleven lamps: the last set will complement one desktop lamp and one ceiling lamp.

Floor lighting scheme

The lighting scheme of the apartment is developed in accordance with the plan. At the same time, the schemes of connecting all devices, their groups and light control devices are taken into account.

The drawing shows the view of each switch with necessary quantity keys and arrows that indicate for what device or instrument groups it is used. For long corridors or too large rooms It would be nice to provide duplicate switches for both devices by setting them at different points of the room. All ceiling and wall lighting should be tied with appropriate designations to the wall or the nearest way, window or door.

In the same way, the location of switches, sockets and other devices used in the lighting system mark the nearest walls or openings.

When ready project You will be in your hands, you can proceed to the arrangement of wiring and lighting devices, embodying the designer's work in the material. As a result, your Cinderella Apartment will turn into a princess and life will play new paints.

1. Find the terms of success.

The lighting of each room is to combine the three terms: common, worker and decorative. A group to general lighting is often attributed to lamps located under the ceiling and providing uniform dispersion of light. As a rule, with this feature, chandeliers with several light bulbs with multiple matte or textile glass lamps are perfectly coping with.

In this case, the ceiling lamp in no way should throw glare and shadows, otherwise you do not solve the task of soft uniform lighting. The decorative group includes a lamp with obvious shadows. Any lamps that give a directed beam of light are perfect as workers. It can be landsreras table lamps, Spotlights of the searchlight type, sconce and chandeliers of some designs. It is important that the work lighting is brighter in common, since its task is to form a comfortable eye environment on the working surface (usually the lamp is close close to it).

Working coverage should be planned depending on the task: in the kitchen it is necessary to light the worktop and dining table. Writing table, headboard bed, reading chair - the choice of space for work lighting directly depends on the lifestyle of households.

When you managed to create comfortable work lighting, it remains only to create an atmosphere in the room. As a rule, this is achieved by using the favorite LED tape, which can change colors. Sometimes it can be installed in such places that even the spirit captures surprise - it's decor.

1. We come up with a lighting script.

This is pleasant, but at the same time important moment: You need to submit a set of work of all lighting in the apartment for a day. It is required to sit down and describe the desired scripts for any room.

If any special tasks before own apartment You do not put such combinations for the overwhelming majority of cases.

Living room

Permanent overall lighting, working in zone coffee table, decorative as accents. If the living room combines the features of the cabinet or dining room, the additional work lighting should be above the desktop or dinner.

Kitchen

General lighting is not at all necessary, since the kitchen mainly carries only a functional role. First of all, if it concerns the kitchen of a small area. A single-vapor lamp from the central part of the room is more appropriate to shift to the dining table and turn his light into a working.
Also in the kitchen it is important to ensure the illumination of the working surface coming out from under the top boxes. It is worth taking care of the ceiling directional illumination, as well as the backlighting of the working area and the upper boxes.

It can use decorative, for example, on the base of the kitchen headset as an additional backlight.

Tip! Position the lamps so that they do not discard the shadow on working surface. Often this error is allowed when lighting.

Dining room

General lighting is preferably, but everything is not necessary. But as for the working light, which is above the dining table, then this is the necessary thing. You can organize a decorative backlight, but it should in no case intersect with work lighting.

Bedroom

In this regard, everything is much easier: pair work lighting (on the sides of the bed), general lighting - table lamps, sconce, single-band lamps used on a long suspension. For the atmosphere, use decorative lighting in the evening rollery.

Tip! Do not flash the bedroom, because it does not contribute to relaxation.

Sanusel

Regardless of the area it is necessary for working and general lighting at the mirror zone (it is convenient to place paired lamps on the sides). Relevant decorative backlight, for example, from under hinged items of furniture or plinth.

Tip! Highlight the zone in the mirror with a soft scattered light, which is located from three or four sides. So you get rid of hard shadows.

Attention! For bathrooms produce a lot of premium devices with chromotherapy function: hydromassage baths, showers racks highlighting water, and also change the mood during ablutions. But use or not a device with chromotherapy function - to solve you.

1. We proceed to the calculation.

So, you have come up with the light script to the smallest detail and turn the time to spend money on a tool that would embody your dream. The creative part ended and technical began: without accurate calculations for each individual lamp you do not get the desired effect. In addition, you can spoil the overall impression about the interior.

Whatever dear is your kitchen, it does not matter. It may happen that an expensive lamp will upset you even more, because without an accurate miscalculation of the lighting, it will not work in a team with other devices, which will lead to the destruction of the light script.

Attention! If you seriously think about the investment in the coverage and the creation of a high-quality project, then without the help of an experienced LED, you just do not do. Not every architect or designer will be able to independently make such calculations.

1. Features of the choice of light bulbs according to the characteristics.

As soon as you make a calculation, it is worth thinking about choosing a lamp. From this as a whole depends the type of lamp that you buy. It's one thing when this lamp under halogenki, another - under luminescent lamps. The lamp determines all: whether the lamp can be bright, is it possible to dimming (smoothly adjust the lighting level). Finally, whether the light is warm or cold white (the color rendition index and the light temperature differ significantly from different light bulbs).

Types of light bulbs

• Incandescent lamps. Classic "pears" are no longer produced, but in collections with retro filament of incandescent lamps a lot. They consume a lot of energy, very expensive, heated (can't be near paper lampshades), quickly fail. However, the incandescent lamps have a comfortable temperature of light and can be applied with dimmers.

• Halogen. They are characterized by a high heat release value: touched to a metal ceiling, you can easily burn.

• Luminescent. Among the advantages: energy consumption is up to eight times less, and the service life is up to 20 times more, compared with incandescent lamps. Practically do not heat. You can choose a lamp necessary temperature Sveta. However, not all lamps can be applied with dimmers, while others are unattractive and differ in large sizes.

• LED (LED). Despite its high price, they are very economical - they work with dimmers, serve a long time, have small dimensions.

Tip! Apply lED ribbon. In combination with the diffuser, which will provide a milder glow and can eliminate the appearance of such troubles as a reflected tape on the tile. kitchen Apron or glossy ceiling.

If another five years ago specialists did not advise you to record the numbers of the optimal temperature of the light, now they are indicated on each lamp packaging together with comments on whether it is cold or warm.

Remember the main rule: the more temperature in K (Kelvin), the colder light. It is pleasant for the eye 2600-3500 K (neutral white or warm white light) or 3600-5500K (neutral white). All that more than 5500-6500k is more suitable for offices.

Attention! Do not use cold light At mirrors, as well as in the food zone. So, you will create only unpleasant feelings.

Power light bulb

From the point of view of design, the power is interesting in that it increases the light stream, and its value is required to calculate the lighting in the apartment.

Color reproduction index

So that the sofa does not change the color with the electric light, it is necessary to choose a light bulb taking into account the color reproduction index. The optimal indicator is Ra \u003d 100: the lamp emits the light that optimally displays all the colors. Also, the color rendition index at sunlight can be accepted for 100. The lower Ra, the color of the object is worse, respectively. Stripping from such values: the highest level color rendition is 90RA and more, very good color reproduction - 80-89RA, good color reproduction - 70-79RA.

1. Consider the main practical moments.

Harmony of light, colors, shapes and spaces - is the formula of flawless architectural constructions and interior. But for some reason, starting to work on the interior of the apartment, the owners first of all think about layout, style, color gamma And forget about light decoration. But the light can be compared with clothing or make-up, which determine the appearance, create a mood, hide the shortcomings, emphasize the advantages, and in course the result, create an image. An extraordinary is real art, requiring special vision, inspiration, knowledge. Today we will try to "touch the beautiful" and let's voice some basic rules for creating a light script in the interior.

How to start and how to finish?

Properly selected lighting can change to the best and layout, and the appearance of the interior, and our self-treatment. In order for the space, form and invoices in the room, it is necessary to create a thoughtful dynamics of black and white transitions from brightly illuminated to darkened zones. Most the best decision - It is combining sources of directional, scattered and reflected lights located at different levels.

● To begin with, decide that you will do in this room (read, play, cook, sew) and find places for functional luminaires that give a bright directional light in these areas: table lamps, sides and embedded lamps.

● Estab the accents using the sources of "drawing" light. They emphasize the plastic and the color of architectural and decorative elements, paintings and styled interior items. It can be LED ribbons, dot lamps, lighting lamps. Applying bright directed lamps, it is better to avoid frequent sharp transitions between bright light and shadow, as it tires the eyes and distorts the graphic drawing of the interior. If you use artistic contrasts of a black and white game, then think about all the nuances thoroughly.

● Finally, add the source of the smooth, illuminating the entire wall of the background light. For this purpose, ceiling (suspended or point) lamps, wall mounted and, the light of which is reflected from the walls and the ceiling.

● Think about the interior palette, the color of the lighting itself and their interaction.

● Decide with the appearance of the lamps for each room. They can be performed in one design or formally contradict each other, dissolve in the interior or dominate it. Currently no style imperatives. You can follow recent trends In the interior fashion, prefer old good classics or functional approach, one thing is important: the lamps are full participants in creating an atmosphere and the nature of your interior.

Artificial and natural

In the interior, the integration of natural and artificial lighting is extremely important, the preservation of the balance between them and, of course, an artistic approach to the use of different light sources.

● Remember O. simple rules side of light. If the windows go to the West or south, you will have to seriously think about the scattering window decor, allowing from time to time to hide from the blinding rays and soften the high-contrast boundaries brightly lit and drowned in the shade of the regions.

● In rooms with windows to the East wake up and come into the mold in the morning it will be easier. Despite the fact that the light is straight, it does not blind, as the day, and creates beautiful light-shadow transitions and glare on the walls, the ceiling, furniture. In the afternoon the sun leaves, and lighting will become scattered, soft.

● In the room with windows to the north, the light is always dissipated, but it is necessary to thoroughly consider the use of artificial lighting and the windows design as much as possible, or completely abandon the design of the curtains.

● Natural light can penetrate into traditionally darkened rooms (hallway, bathroom, corridor, dressing room), if interior doors There will be made of matte glass, and walls from glass blocks. You can also provide interroom windows, through which will penetrate sunlight from adjacent premises.

● It is known that the mixing of light sources of different temperatures is perceived by us as discomfort. To simultaneously use artificial and natural lighting, it is desirable to apply fluorescent lamps or glowing chopped or heat-white light panels.

Reflection and refraction

● Mirrors are not found magical properties. They are creating miracles in the interior: "raise" the ceiling, "spread" the walls, create an infinite reflected space. The more in the room of mirrors and mirror surfaces, the "lighter" and "spacious".

● Crystals, crystal, multifaceted glass items act as prism. Interacting with light, they create a continuously changing, as in a kaleidoscope, the effect of radiance. Use them in the subjects of the decor to revive the interior of sunlight and expand the space.

Sofam.iTERN LIGHT

Color lighting, complemented by special effects, is always an interesting course in the interior design, allowing you to transform space, emphasize the tonality of interior elements and push the boundaries of reality, creating an excellent decor with existing with the natural light. Introducing color-light decoration in the interior miceanese, you can change not only her mood, but also the main meaning. So light, decorated in neutral colors and calm forms scandinavian style The living room in the evening with the help of LEDs can turn into a resembling brazilian carnival, an incendiary platform for parties, and then - with the help of systems that imitate the starry sky, remind of sleeping Hawaiian Islands.

Modern industrial designers offer real masterpieces, allowing to create various color and light scenarios: from a transfusing bright salt of paints to meditative figure light and concise, pleasant eye glare.