A very significant part of the heat generated in the house goes through cold ceiling And the attic if the overlap does not have reliable insulation. Therefore, high-quality thermal insulation of this design is extremely necessary. Warm air always strives up. And if there will be a cold barrier on his way, he will become rapid cool. And this means, firstly, that the heating system will partially work on anyone not the necessary heating of the displeasted overlap, that is, to spend expensive energy invested. And secondly, a meeting with a cold barrier leads to condensation of water vapor, which is always contained in the atmosphere of the premises. Well, who will like that the ceiling is constantly wet? Yes, and on the durability of the finishes and the overlap itself, this affects the most negative way.

In short, the ceiling, or rather, the overlap between residential rooms And the cold attic should be warm in obligatory. Moreover, if earlier it was problematic to find a suitable material, today the market offers a very wide range different insulation on "different taste and wallet".

To begin with, we present some of the main characteristics of the insulation listed above:

Title of insulation	Thermal conductivity, W / m × to	A combustion group	Ecology material
Glass Vata.	0.038 ÷ 0.046	NG - G3.	contain phenol formaldehyde resins
Basalt Vata.	0.035 ÷ 0.042.
Slag Vata.	0.046 ÷ 0.050
Cork slabs	0.03 ÷ 0.05	NG	natural
Ekwata.	0.038 ÷ 0.045	G3-G4.	natural
Linen mats	0.037 ÷ 0.04	G4	natural
Peat blocks thermal insulation	0.052 ÷ 0.064.	G3-G4.	natural
Foamglo	0.045 ÷ 0.07	NG	natural
	0.032 ÷ 0.035	G1-g3.	can be isolated toxic substances, especially with thermal decomposition
Sprayed polyurethane foam	0.028 ÷ 0.030	Г2.	danger can represent the initial components before mixing, foaming and polymerization.
Ceramzit	0.16	NG	natural
Slag	0.29 - boiler; 0.15 - Granular	NG	may contain dangerous to human health substances
Sawdust	0.06 ÷ 0.08.	G4	natural

Mineral wool

Mineral wool can be made of different materials - these are basalt rocks, glass raw materials and slag. Materials have different characteristicsTherefore, products from them differ among themselves with some parameters.

Mineral wool of any type is made in mats and plates with different density, and the scatter is very large: from 25 to 200 kg / m³. Products of low density are used mainly for thermal insulation of horizontal surfaces. More dense options are made in the plates and are suitable for insulation of facades, roofs, floors, etc. For thermal insulation ceiling (i.e. attic overlap) It is absolutely no need to chase at elevated density.

Basalt (stone) wool

This type of material has the best operational performance of all mineral wats. True, it is more expensive.

Perhaps you will be interested in information about what the insulation

A stone wool is made from the melt of mountain rocks of the gabbro-basalt group. Microscopic fibers are pulled out of the molten mass, of which mats and stoves are then formed.

Thanks to the special processing of high-quality products, they have a low coefficient of moisture absorption, sometimes reaching almost complete hydrophobicity. This suggests that the insulation does not lose its thermal insulation qualities throughout the entire period of operation.

High-quality basalt wool withstands high temperatures. Many products are completely non-combustible, that is, refer to the NG group. The advantage is both increased flexibility and elasticity of fibers. With such material and work easier, and the tendency to the shrinkage in high-quality basalt wool is practically not observed.

By the cons of this material include the content of phenolic resins, which serve as a binder for fibers. If it is decided to acquire a similar insulation, then it is worth paying attention to the products with the marking "Eco". Such materials are certainly have a higher cost, but the manufacturer guarantees their environmental purity, since they are binding to the Olokon, acrylic resins are performed in them.

Glass Vata.

For the manufacture of glass gamblets, glass battle, sand, soda, limestone and bora are used - they are all safe for human health and the environment. These components are also melted, turn into fibers. However, the same phenol formaldehyde resins that are connected to them, which is one of the "minuses" of this material. Moreover, the evaporation of these substances can occur throughout the operation of the insulation.

Glass fibers are much more fragile compared to basalt. They are able to apply surface damage to the skin, enter the respiratory tract, represent the danger to the mucous membranes, especially when entering the eye. Therefore, when installing insulation of glass gambles, it should always be used the means of protecting open areas of the body (overalls), eyes (glasses) and respiratory organs (respirator).

To the positive characteristics of this material made without violation of technology, the following types of its quality are:

• High fire resistance.
• Low thermal conductivity.
• Frost resistance.
• Inertia to the effects of chemical reagents.
• Affordable price - glass whale will always be cheaper than basalt analogue with the same operational characteristics.

On thermal insulation qualities of glass gamble, sometimes even surpasses its basalt "fellow". But due to insufficient elasticity and strength of fibers, it is still exposed to shrinkage, which reduces the thermal insulating properties of the material. Her worse and hygroscopicity indicators, that is, it is much easier to wash the insulating layer.

Shagkovat

Slagovat is made from a domain slag. The material consists of fibers (again, stretched from melt), slag dust and solid particles, although the presence of the latter speaks of low quality insulation.

Since the waste of metallurgical production is used, it is not completely excluded that the substances can be included in the composition of slags. In addition, such a "chemical bouquet" is capable of leading to the rapid development of corrosion on metal elements of the design, in contact with the insulation material.

To date, this insulation in individual construction is practically not used. There are too many risks that do not at all justify the available price. Yes, and other significant flaws are enough:

• High hygroscopicity - slag well absorbs moisture.
• Over time, the material gives a strong shrinkage, while its thermal insulation qualities are reduced.
• Presence in the composition of material not only formaldehyde binders, but also other dangerous to human health substances.
• The material is fragile, the fibers are stroke, that is, slag is also very uncomfortable in work.

So, the optimal choice is visible basalt wool. However, both high-quality products from glass gamblers (in many of them, its disadvantages are minimized), it is also well suited for the insulation of the overlap. Slotovat is better not even considered as a possible option.

With all the merits of mineral wool, she has a serious "minus"

Although very often manufacturers assure that mineral wool does not attract rodents - it is impossible to agree with it. Mice feels perfectly both in basalt and glass, and in slag insulation. They are equipped in the stakes of the nest and tear down, and especially often it happens if the insulation is in a closed state. So you have to take some protective measures, for example, to surround the thermal insulation layer around the perimeter of a small metal grid so that in principle, to exclude the possibility of penetration into it.

Cork slabs

Plates made of genuine plug (agglomerate) can be called a unique material. They are made from the cortex of cork oak, and natural wood adhesives serve as a binder for crushed crumbs. They are activated when processing raw materials under certain conditions of temperature and pressure (pressing) Therefore, cork plates can be safely attributed to environmentally friendly insulation.

Due to the peculiarities of natural raw materials, the heat insulator has excellent performance, namely:

The disadvantage of this material, perhaps, can only be called one factor - this is its value that significantly exceeds the price of mineral wool of any type.

Ekwata.

Equata is made from cellulose fibers, as well as from waste of cardboard and paper production. For sale, this material enters the packaging - scattering or in the form of mounted plates of the established size.

The scattering version of the material is used in a dry form for filling the cavities left for insulation, or in a moist, applying a spraying method. The most convenient installation of the slab material is most convenient, since the process of insulation does not require additional equipment.

The advantages of insulating materials based on EcoWhat are the following qualities:

• Pretty high soundproofing.
• Low thermal conductivity.
• High vapor permeability, which means that in the layers of the insulation, subject to the rules of laying, the moisture will not be linger.
• The material creates a monolithic seamless coating, which eliminates the emergence of "cold bridges".
• Quite affordable cost.

Equata and their cons:

• High level hygroscopicity.
• Over time, the thermal insulation quality of the material is reduced due to its shrinkage. Therefore, it may occur periodically to add eco-house to the original layer.
• The complexity of applying is the "wet" method, as it is required for this purpose special equipment and skills to work with him.
• Equata gets processing from excessive ignition characteristic of cellulose. But it is still impossible to call it completely non-combustible material.

Extruded expanded polystyrene foam

Polystyrene foam is a modern slab material that can have different thickness and density. This insulation is used for both internal and external insulation of residential and non-residential buildings.

The insulation consists of 98% of the air, therefore it has very high thermal insulation capabilities.

The benefits of this material include its following qualities:

• Low thermal conductivity, one of the lowest among all the heaters in general ..
• Easy processing and installation, along with high strength and stability of forms during the entire period of expansion.
• Long service life without loss of thermal insulation properties.
• Almost complete absence of moisture absorption.
• As part qualitative material Antipiren additives are introduced, which impede the ignition of polystyrene foam in extreme situations.
• Chemical stability, resistance to biological striking.

The disadvantages of extruded expanded polystyrene can be called:

• With long-term exposure to open flame, the slabs are still ignited and melted, and the molten mass is able to spread, spreading fire. But it is even more terrible that when burning is highlighted extremely toxic, fatally life-threatening smoke.
• Extruded polystyrene foam is not vapor-permeable, that is, it is not a "breathable" material. This should be considered when planning a "insulation cake".

We clarify one point: the article intentionally does not consider the "close relative" of the exwrested polystyrene foam, namely, the usual white foam. Just for the reason that he has serious drawbacks much more, and use foam for inner insulation of the house or apartment - the matter is very risky. Exported expanded polystyrene is still much safer.

Sprayed polyurethane foam

This insulation is manufactured directly in the process of applying to special equipment by mixing two source components. These components with stirring are reacting, the result of which the formation of a foamy substance becomes. It is sprayed on the surface with a relatively thin layer and begins to expand, filling out all the surrounding free space, forming a monolithic coating.

After expansion, the psyche phase occurs, and a solid thermal insulating coating is obtained, which is a homogeneous porous mass with isolated gas-filled cells.

Polyurene foam is one of the most efficient, reliable and durable insulation. This says whole line His advantages:

• Very low thermal conductivity. And the monolithic of the applied layer excludes the emergence of "cold bridges".
• Pretty high strength of the frozen layer with a small specific density.
• Complete resistance to moisture - the material is impenetrable for water or water vapor.
• High adhesive abilities practically with any building materials.
• High noise insulation qualities.
• The material does not settle and over time does not lose its thermal insulation qualities.
• High speed of thermal insulation works on structures of any degree of complexity.

Disadvantages of sprayed polyurethane foam:

• The material is not "breathing", but in some cases it can be regarded as a positive quality.
• Low resistance to ultraviolet radiation - insulation requires unconditional protection against sun ray.
• Flavoring material with prolonged exposure of open fire. True, its rapid self-filing is observed, if you remove the source of the flame. In addition, the material does not flow when the fire is exposed, and the coagulation of the upper layers prevents the further spread of the fire focus.
• Very high cost of material, taking into account the invitation of the wizard with equipment. Disposable kits for self-applying appeared on sale, but also their price is as soon as it seems frighteningly high.

Ceramzit

One of the options for insulation of the ceiling is the use of clay of various fractions. it natural materialproduced from clay by its special heat treatment.

Ceramzite has near positive qualities:

• Environmental purity. The material does not contain and does not release toxic substances.
• Pretty low thermal conductivity. Ceramzite throughout the entire period of operation does not lose its thermal insulation qualities.
• Good noise insulating abilities.
• Low moisture absorption.
• High vapor permeability.
• Ceramzite refers to non-combustible materials.
• High frost resistance.
• Inertia to temperature drops.
• Biological stability The material, that is, the pathogenic microflora is not formed on it, rodents bypass it.
• Easy use.

But, despite the numerous advantages, Keramzit has its drawbacks:

• In terms of thermal insulation, it is almost three times with modern insulation of type mineral wool or polystyrene foam. That is, for a full, high-quality overlap warming, a very thick layer of clay is required, which is not always possible.
• Since the ceramisite will need a lot, it can lead to a significant increase in the cost of the project warming project. Moreover, even taking into account the transport of large volumes of material and the rise of them to height.
• Material bulk and pretty dusty, especially if a variety is used with a small fraction of clay. This affects the device "Insulation Cake."

Sawdust

Wood sawdust - one of the oldest insulation materials for thermal insulation of private houses. The thermal conductivity of sawdust may be somewhat higher than that of modern materials, however, the totality of all characteristics often looks advantageous than the use of synthetic insulation.

So, sawdust have both positive and negative qualities. To the first one can attribute the following characteristics:

• Available material cost. Sometimes he gets free.
• Low thermal conductivity, although for sufficient heat insulation will have to lay a thicker layer of material.
• Excellent vapor permeability. Sawders are a "breathable" heat insulator, which does not delay moisture. They have unique properties to absorb excess moisture, and when the humidity decreases, give it to environment.
• Long service life. Properly prepared sawmills will serve as a heat insulator 50 or more years.
• Environmental purity of the material.

The disadvantages of sawing insulation include its following characteristics:

• Combustion. However, if the wooden house is insulated by them, he himself has the same characteristic. When burning sawdust do not give toxic smoke.
• The need for special processing to prevent biological decomposition or material damage. That is, sawdust will serve for a long time without loss of initial thermal insulation qualities only if they are properly prepared.

The ceiling insulation with sawdust is produced in three ways:

Frozening cavities processed boric acid, lime, antiseptics and antipyrine sawdust;

Pouring with a solution of sawdust of plaster, cement, clay or plow glue;

Formation of sawdust and clay of insulating plates.

In any case, time for high-quality insulation sawdust will be needed. Such a complexity is just often and scares the owners of private houses, and they prefer more simple in laying ready-made materials.

Installation of different types of insulation during ceiling thermal insulation

As mentioned above, there are slab, rolled, falling and sprayed insulation. Some of them apply to very similar technology. Therefore, this process will be considered in this way.

Use of slab and rolled insulation

If a slab or rolled insulation is selected, then during work is usually followed by the scheme below. However, the use of mineral wool and extruded polystyrene foam has its own nuances, since materials differ in their density and rigidity.

The layout of the materials during the insulation of the ceiling by the attic looks as follows:

1. Overlapping beams.
2. Windproof membrane.
3. Insulating material.
4. Parosolation membrane.

The process of insulation is step by step as follows:

• If plates or rolls of mineral wool, linen plates or other vapor-permeable material are used, then the first step of the overlap surface is covered with a vaporizolation membrane.

The material envelopes the beams of overlapping and freely lays between them, then attached to the wood with a stapler and brackets. Parosolation will protect the insulation from evaporation from the premises of the house - there is a pressure of water vapor always higher, especially in the cold season. At the flooring of the membrane, it is necessary to navigate on the marking on the film. The manufacturer indicates which side it must be laid down.

The membrane is laid by stripes with an overlap by 100 mm. By the joint line is sealed with moisture-resistant tape.

• In the case of use for the insulation of the foam (although it is honest, it is better not to use it at all) or extruded polystyrene foam, under its installation will have to align the surface between the beams of the overlap - it is usually stuffed with a black sheer ceiling. If the mineral wool takes the form of the base due to its elasticity, the foam stoves will simply break down when pressed on them. That is why the foundation should be even. Under the extruded polystyrene foam, in fact, vaporizolation can not be stacked at all, as it is a steamproof, non-hygroscopic, that is, does not absorb pairs and moisture.
• The next step on the vapor barrier film between the ceiling beams is stacked by a slab or rolled insulation.

Installation of a slab or rolled insulation is a simple process. Usually it is already in advance such a step between the balas (lags) so that the plates or rolls fit the versius.

If the foam or other rigid plates is stacked, they must be cut out exactly to the width of the step between the beams or a little less. If after installing this insulation between the beams and slabs, the gaps will remain (and this, one way or another, cannot be avoided), they must be filled with mounting foam.

• After laying insulation, the entire surface of the attic overlap is delayed with a windproof membrane that is fixed with brackets on the beams.
• Further, if you plan to equip the floor in the attic, the teady or plywood flooring is laid on top of the wind protection. At the same time, it is desirable to leave the ventilation gap so that moisture from the insulation it is easier to evaporate into the atmosphere.

• When using a heater with a foil layer, resistance to heat loss will be increased. In this case, the insulation is stacked by a foil side down.
• If the beams of overlapping are recessed in the backfill, the lags are perpendicular to them in the "Light" increments of about 550 mm. After that, vaporizolation is fixed on the surface, and then the insulation is stacked.

The laying of thermal insulation is not necessarily to be carried out from the side of the attic, although it is probably still easier. Sometimes the installation of the "insulation cake" is also conducted from the side of the room. But the location of the membrane is preserved. That is, after laying the insulation, it should be from the bottom tightened with vapor barrier, and only then the ceiling liner is made. This will be discussed in detail below.

Laying of flowing thermal insulation

In order to insulate the ceiling on the side of the attic of a falling material, it is necessary to prepare the base.

You can prepare the grounds in two ways:

Welcome material that will save fucking insulation in the required zone, not allowing you to get into the slots between the black plates of the ceiling;

Move the gaps between the boards, as well as between the boards and beams overlap with a solution of clay and lime.

The second option requires more time to work, but the amount allocated to the loose material will be saved.

Ruberoid, pergamine or the same vapor insulation membrane can be used as a loose coating under the loose insulation. The canvases are stacked by 100 ÷ 150 mm, and are sampled with a wide moisture-resistant tape. If the runneroid is used, then its joints are sampled by bitumen mastic.

If such a falling material is selected, like sawdust, then the preparation of the base under it should be made by means of the liner-limestone mixture. For EcoWhat, it will be better to apply a vapor insulation membrane.

When filled with an emotor overlap, it is necessary to raise it well, otherwise it will give shrinkage over time.

When the overlap is completely covered with the insulation, the entire surface is closed by a diffuse membrane, so that the moisture from the top (for example, during the roof leakage) does not fall into the heat insulating layer, but could freely evaporate from it. Again, it is recommended to leave ventilation lumen.

Well, and then the attic floor is laid.

Sometimes, in cases where the attic does not become operated by the premises, but in reliability roofing There is no doubt, they are completely without the top membrane, and without a board, too.

Video: Ceiling insulation Private house with clay

Warming ceiling from the inside of the house - step by step

It is clear that the overlap warming is more convenient from the attic. But it also happens that the roofing rates are located under a very small angle, and there is no possibility of free work in the attic.

For example, the process of such insulation will be stepped out - on the side of the room. However, some processes still may require penetration under the roof. As in this case, the master solved this problem - will also be presented in the instructions for laying insulation.

To begin with, it is worth identifying a list of all necessary for work:

• Insulating material. In this case, this is a mineral wool "Person Profi" in a roll, but you can also purchase a slab option.
• Windproof membrane "Eau return".
• Parposolation membrane "Eaulet".
• Brew with a cross section of 50 × 50 mm.
• Boards 120 × 15 mm for crate under the ceiling trim.
• Antiseptic impregnation for wood processing.
• Kapron or polypropylene twine.
• Material for external sheaving - plasterboard, lining, QWICK Deck slabs, etc.
• Saws of different lengths.
• Screwdriver.
• Electric logsik.
• Scaffolding or reliable stable staircase (goats).
• Stapler and brackets.
• Building level.
• Stationery knife.
• Respirator to protect the respiratory tract, gloves and clothing, fully closing the skin surface.

Illustration	Brief description of operations performed
	So, in the room of 9 m² you need to equip and insulate the ceiling overlap. As you can see in the photo, while only overlap beams made from a 200 × 50 mm board are fixed on Mauerlat.
	To perform work, the timber will be required, the size of a section of 50 × 50 mm. The bar must be smooth and clean. Therefore, if black mold divorces are found on its surface, they are recommended to be cleaned, for example, using an electrical ruble.
	Then the wooden parts are processed with an antiseptic solution - antipyrin. It is best to use solutions having a peculiar tint - then treated places will immediately be visible. Covering a bar with an antiseptic convenient, setting the details in a row. Applying on one side of the wood, the bars turn the other side - and so that all the material is not processed.
	The next step on the perimeter of the ceiling, under the beams of overlapping, the prepared timber is fixed on the end of Maurolalat.
	Next, for the convenience of laying a windproof film, temporary backfield boards are stacked on top of the overlap beams. They are not fixed, as they will be shifted. The windproof membrane is laid on top of the board. In this case, the "Isover HB Light" hydraulicer is selected.
	The membrane is first fixed on the extreme beams, as well as on the end boards (Mauerlat) installed on the concrete strapping of the walls. Fixation is carried out with a stapler and brackets. Neighboring membrane canvases are caught up with 150 mm.
	Further, the work is carried out by the attic, as it is necessary to secure windpower to the upper ends of the ceiling beams. For the safety of movement on the beams, the master of the membrane put the supporting boards in 150 ÷ \u200b\u200b170 mm and 25 mm thick, perpendicularly beams.
	The next step was previously fixed bars framing the ceiling, it is necessary to supplement the crossbars. They seem to be built into the frames. These jumpers will be a good support for the mineral wool blocks when styling them between beams, and subsequently serve as a ceiling crate. The step is chosen so that the insulation strips are tightly entered between the crossbars. That is, a roll of 600 mm wide is used, then between the bars in the light should be about 550 mm.
	As a insulation, the master was chosen from the mineral wool "Ilo Profi", which sells in a roll. Material thickness - 100 mm. Acquire heat insulation material In a roll, it is more convenient because of it you can cut the plates of the required width. Thus, you can get a smaller amount of waste.
	The first step of working with the insulation of it is cut from it strips for seelings of gaps between the Mauerlat and the windproof membrane throughout the ceiling perimeter. The width of the strip must be 40 ÷ 50 mm.
	Next, it is made of cutting mineral wool from the roll on the plates of the required length and, if necessary, the width. The calculations carried out in advance showed that the layer of insulation in 200 mm will be required. It was provided - the height of the overlap beam board is just 200 mm, that is, two layers of the insulation with a thickness of 100 mm will be required.
	Prepared fragments of mineral wool fit between overlap beams. Each layer is carefully distributed in space and gently pressed to the windproof membrane.
	Then below the second layer of insulation. At the same time, the place where the blocks of the mineral wool of the upper layer were shown, the whole plate overlaps in the lower.
	To speed up the work, you can immediately from two pieces of insulation with a thickness of 100 mm to form a 200 mm mat and stacked it under the crossbars from a bar fixed in the beams of overlapping.
	However, you should not forget that laying the insulation in this way, it is necessary that the joints of the plates of the upper and lower layer are isolated between themselves, about 250 ÷ 300 mm. Such a location will completely remove the question of possible "cold bridges" in the layer of insulation.
	If there are a lot of trimming, then you can collect the internal (upper) layer, and the bottom to do from one-piece pieces.
	So that the insulation does not lead down between the bars of the jumpers, it should be supported by a plastic twine, fixing it on the end of the ceiling beams with a stapler and brackets.
	For this purpose, the usual inexpensive, for example, a cape or polypropylene tweer is used. It will be needed quite a lot, as it still has to be credited and the lowest layer of the insulation. Silent the twenty is not recommended. Let everything be reliably.
	The latter, the outer layer of the heat insulation material is mounted along the stuffed bars Its thickness must correspond to the thickness of the bar, that is, 50 mm. For this, the chopped plates with a thickness of 100 mm must be divided into two thicknesses. Here, laying every slab, it is immediately necessary to fix the twine, shooting it to the bar.
	Next, the thermal insulation design should be close to the layer of reliable vaporizolation materialSo that moisture from the inside of the house did not penetrate the insulation. Do not confuse this material with windproof membrane! It is important here exactly that the pair is put by a reliable barrier. If the moisture will accumulate inside the mineral wool, it will lose its thermal insulation qualities. Yes, and the overalling of the wooden parts of the design for the benefit does not go.
	The master uses the vapor insulation membrane "Isover VS 80". It will be more convenient to work if you choose a material equipped with a duct strip, which makes it easier to bonding two next to the clouel. The adhesive strip is closed by a protective film that is removed before bonding the canvas.
	After the second web will be fixed with the first on the width, usually indicated on the linen itself itself, the protective film is removed from the edge of the first canvas. After that, it is enough to spend on the junction with a hand with a hand so that they are securely connected to each other.
	If the connection seems not solid enough, it can be punctured by scotch. For this purpose, the reinforced plumbing tape is best to apply, which is distinguished by moisture resistance and good adhesive abilities with almost any surfaces. In any case, on any membranes, he keeps perfectly.
	The membrane is exhibited by the ceiling size and fixes from three sides. Then, holding the canvas with a piece of metal profile or by the construction level, the membrane is pulled up and fixed on a bar finally using a bracket.
	For the convenience of performing work at a height, it is recommended to use reliable forests or goats. If you work with them, both hands of the master remain free, and there is also an opportunity to cover a fairly large workspace. With an ordinary larger, you can have a lot.
	Fixing the last side of the vapor barrier material, it is better not to tighten it, but to gather in the "harmonica" Yayayayayayayayayayaya, in order to compensate for the linear expansion of the material when the temperatures change. To "harmonica" held in the required position, it should be fixed with scotch.
	The junction between the wall and vapor barrier should be glued with a sealant. For this, the edge of the canvas is raised upwards, the sealant is applied to the wall, then the edge of the material is lowered and pressed against the wall.
	The main task of using the sealant is that moisture does not penetrate the insulation during the operation of the premises. The remaining edge of the vapor insulation membrane can then be docked with vapor insulation of the walls if it is necessary.
	Further, on top of the vapor barrier to the bars, perpendicular to them, the shaft boards are attached for the subsequent ceiling. In this case, the step between them is 600 mm, but if you wish, they can be installed more often, depending on the chosen decorative material. Self-tapping screws, it is clear that the holes in vapor barrier do, but the boards are securely pressed in these places to the boards, they will not be able to penetrate the insulation. If the vapor barrier film randomly in the course of work was pushed, the hole should be immediately sealed with a plumbing tape.
	The result of the works of the work became closed with membranes on both sides the insulation, concluded between the beams of overlapping and supported by the shellboards. The boards stuffed from the bottom is not only a frame for finishing the ceiling. They also specify the necessary ventilation gap between the vapor insulating membrane and the finishing layer. If this is not foreseen, the condensate can begin to accumulate on the surface of the ceiling.
	Ceiling trim can be made by plasterboard or clapboard. But in this case, the master chose the moisture-resistant sheets of Quick Deck. For fastening sheets, you need to choose the screws of such a length so that they do not stitch the crates through the boards and did not break through the vapor barrier. For the convenience of fixing the trim on the crate, it is recommended to push the screws at the edges of the plate in advance.
	Before fastening the trim, you should not forget to spend electrical cable For the lighting ceiling instrument. It must be insulated in a special corrugated tube. Further, the sheets are fixed to the shells of the crates using selflessness, the hats of which should be recessed into the plate material on a small depth (about 1 mm). This is easily solved correctly adjusting the moment of tightening the screwdriver (ratchet).
	Between the wall and plates of the trim, it is necessary to leave a small gap for the thermal expansion of the material when the temperature and humidity can be changed. If necessary, additional marking, cutting and fitting sheets.
	The Quick Deck panels are equipped with a "Schip-Paz" lock, so when they are installed, the compound is obtained dense and even. At the same time, the castle itself provides for the temperature gap. First, the plates are sticking out in several places, and then fixed by capital additional self-drawing.

Thanks to the exact markup and well-fitted details, the ceiling turned out to be smooth and neat. Further? The surface is sweeping and stained or saves decorative material. But this is already - finishing workBut with the insulation of the ceiling, we, in fact, figured out completely completely.

As can be seen from the presented description, the ceiling insulation is quite possibly independently, not attracting professional builders. True, working extremely neatly, with accurate compliance with the sequence of installation of the layers of the total "cake" /

And we had an unclear one more important question - and how the thickness should be a sufficient layer of insulation? Consider it in the annex to the article.

Appendix: What is the thickness of the ceiling insulation?

To determine this parameter, it will have to make a small heat engineering calculation. You should not immediately be afraid of this - with our calculator, to perform the necessary calculations - will not work.

The calculation itself is based on the fact that total thermal resistance ceiling construction Under a cold attic (or without without it, for example, with a flat roof), there must be no less than the set of normalized value. And this general resistance is made up of the indicators of each of the layers of the structure. Thus, knowing the manufacturer materials and thermal conductivity indicators, having a clear plan for the further covering of the ceiling and the attic floor, it is easy to calculate the same layer and what insulation will provide the desired thermal resistance value.

And the normalized heat transfer resistance value is for your region to find out according to the proposed card scheme. A small nuance: for walls, overlaps and coatings it is different - therefore the values \u200b\u200bin the diagram are highlighted in various colors. In this case, you are interested in "for overlaps" - these indicators are highlighted in blue.

We will not overload the reader with formulas, and it is better to immediately offer an online calculator. Directly under it will be given a number of explanations, possibly necessary for a quick and accurate calculation.

The ceiling insulation must be done in any private houses or apartments that are located on the upper floors. According to the laws of physics, warm air rises always up, and cold - rushes down. If the ceiling is slit, the warm mass of the air will be disappeared, the room will always be cold. In order to "not scratch the street", it is recommended to approach the ceiling insulation issues.

Features

It happens that there is no possibility in the apartment of a high-rise building to insulate the ceiling from the outside. The only option in this case is to hold mounting work indoors. To understand the features of insulation in a private house from the inside, first of all, consider the structure of the insulation and the volume necessary work. The following layers must consistently combine:

• external waterproofing;
• dooming for fastener insulation;
• thermal insulation;
• finish finish of the upper planes.

What to insulate?

In order to insulate the room inside use several types of materials. Most often used special heat insulating material, which is called pergamine. It has the following advantages:

• economically beneficial;
• practical;
• resistant to temperature drops;
• it is well opposed to moisture.

As well as insulation, which have similar characteristics. They belong to their number like:

• nenophol;
• polystyrene foam;
• isolon;
• penoplex;
• technical wool;
• bung.

As a waterproofing, the PVC film is most often used, which reliably protects from leaks. The term of its service is several decades. Film use is beneficial, because it is inexpensive.

PVC film should be combined to be combined, this is done so that the condensate does not penetrate the surface of the supporting structures. The inner layer of waterproofing is sinking, the seams are close in scotch, they should be hermetic.

Plasterboard

Plasterboard is good because it provides an ideally smooth surface without seams, with it you can make any kind of ceiling. To work with plasterboard, such two types of crates are used as:

• from wood - It is easier to work with such a material, it costs cheaper;
• from galvanized profile - It is more durable, does not deteriorate under the influence of temperature difference, it is not rotated by mold or fungus.

Technical Wat.

Ceiling insulation in private home ownership with technical Wati Performed in the following way:

• using a stapler to the ceiling, PVC film is mounted, which reliably protects moisture on the plates;
• cuts from wooden bars a doom with a step of 40-50 cm. The size of the bar must correspond to the thickness of the heat plates, that is, have 5 cm;
• the plates of technical wool are stacked, they are attached to special mounting rails. This design is reliable and simple, not subject to deformation.

Mineral wool has several important characteristics.

• A small thermal conductivity is 0.036 W / (m * k), a layer is sufficient for insulation no more than 10 cm, which corresponds to the usual thickness of beams.
• Material has increased vapor permeability, 50 kg of weight on cubic meter The coefficient is 0.7 mg / (m * h * pa). This indicator is higher than wood.
• Small hygroscopicity, that is, in contact with the liquid, the material will absorb no more than 2% of moisture from the total volume.
• Minvati plates have high fire safety. A similar insulation does not ignite, does not contribute to the spread of fire.
• Minvata has good sound insulation characteristicsCapably effectively delay the sound waves of the most different frequency. Use especially profitable basalt insulation, because it is not deformed, has long term Services. One package is enough to treat about twenty square meters.
• The material is not subject to a destructive action of fungus or mold, has antiseptic properties.
• The porous material that has a specific low weight cannot be burdensome for carrying structures, which contributes to a long service life.

Condensate adversely acts on technical wool, it inevitably loses its useful properties. PVC plates are not afraid of moisture, erosion has not been defeated or spread fungus. The advantages of mineral wool are that it is not afraid of moisture, does not rejoice. Minvata is cheaper PVC plates, does not contain toxins, foam plates allocate harmful components.

It is worth remembering that when working with mineral wool, it should be used to use gloves and glasses so that the microparticles do not get into the eyes or on the skin of the hands.

Performance

The easiest installation on the inside of the room is a basalt insulation. It is dense and easy to handle. In order to secure it, special equipment or any special mechanisms is required. Plywood suitable for beam inter-storey overlap. This material is well sewn bearing structureswho are attached from below. They can support insulation slabs that are put between the beams.

Most often apply 1 cm thick with a thickness of 1 cm, so it is the most popular brand of FC. There are often cases when Plywood FSF brand is also used. It is less "phoney" formaldehydes. In addition to plywood, such materials as GLCs, kv and lining are also used. Plywood is mounted as follows:

• the sheet is converted to the necessary dimensions;
• there is a gap of about 2-3 mm between the wall and plywood;
• with the help of self-sufficiency, harvested elements are fixed;
• the distance between the self-pressing is approximately 15-25 cm.

And also use constantly polyurethane glue implemented in large cylinders. It is good for this material by the fact that, with proper application, it is not necessary to use expensive mounting foam. Such material is well sealing joints in thermal insulation, for example, in the attic. If the premises in the attic is a residential, then the use of a t-shirt board will be required. If the room has a technical purpose, then it is more correct to apply Fan.

Special primer for wood should be present at mandatory, because it is being worked out by beams, overlappings and a doom. Special primer reliably protects wooden structures from the action of microorganisms and malicious insects.

To secure communications on the ceiling, you should use a plastic or wooden box. Such work is easy to make it yourself. Last years The cylinders of foamed PVC began to be applied. Sometimes boxes are also plated by mineral wool, which reduces the level of fire hazard, it creates additional noise insulation.

Installation of the insulation in the attic occurs in this way as:

• the harvested heat plates from the technical wool are stacked on a horizontal surface, which is laid by waterproofing film;
• so that the plates have become in their place, they must be prepared in advance;
• the task of fitting the heat plates is important because the gap between the material must be minimal;
• often, the space between the plates is filled with mounting foam, which guarantees the absence of "cold bridges".

The main materials used by homeowners for insulation are the following:

• glass gaming;
• basalt plates;
• kamnevat;
• painopople in rolls;
• foam plates;
• polyplex;
• polystyrene;
• ceramzit.

And also often applied so-called opil. It is wooden chips that are mixed with lime, cement mixture or clay. This process is a time consuming requiring a fair amount of time. Therefore, it is resorted to it only in cases where there is a large number of Similar wood waste.

PVC plates are considered the most popular. They can be successfully used both inside and outside. Gable roof It is inspected primarily on the inside, as well as massive bearing beams, during the cold season they can be a significant source of cold.

The need to independently insulate the ceiling of the private house often arises from those who have already erected the structure, and those who are still planning to build. Contrary to the opinion that it is not difficult to fulfill such work on their own, insulation the ceiling is not difficult without attracting third-party workers - it can make it the owner himself, having some skills and choosing a ceiling insulation (which is better suitable for this building).

The need for ceiling warming is not due to only low temperatures in the building under consideration. Sometimes the greater is greater, increasing as a result of the temperature difference on the floors. It is also important and the amount you have to spend on additional heating to compensate for the heat loss.

How to insulate the ceiling in the house with your own hands, will be described in detail below.

Before you write off the problems of low temperature in the house on the ceiling, it is necessary to determine whether insulation is really necessary.

It is necessary to warm the ceiling in several cases:

1. You are just starting to build a house, and the ceiling that shares the residential premises and the unheated attic will be represented only by ceiling beams. Then it is reasonable to lay thermal insulation material between them, and then "sew" them.
2. The house has already begun to profit, that is, the overlap is ready for a long time, but in the winter it turned out that it is necessary to inspire it, because in the cold time inside the house is cold.
3. In the upper floor, they do not live, so the temperature is significantly lower in the lower outdoor temperatures. So heated premises loses heat in favor of unheated.

Flowing than to insulate the ceiling in a private house, it is worth assessing all these factors.

Warming the ceiling is not necessary when:

1. We used plates with holes that were not enough isolated. At the same time, it is necessary to insulate the walls.
2. Caught and upper, and lower floors. Such floors can only be soundly insulated (that is, to make the ceiling lining and the floor).

General requirements for ceiling warming

Solving how to insulate the ceiling, you need to consider several rules:

1. You have to choose the most eco-friendly material.
2. The insulation must be fireproof
3. Due to the insulation material, heat loss should decrease, and not a vaporiculation occurring in the house.
4. Moisture should not fall on the insulation.

How to insulate the ceiling?

Choosing a heater for the ceiling (which is better suitable), pay attention to the variety of materials separated usually by 4 types: bulk, leafy, fibrous and liquid.

Among them can be allocated:

• Ceramzite - bulk lightweight insulation based on clay. It does not burn, environmentally safely, no moisture is afraid and it will heat well. He does not interest rodents and pests, and they do not come true in this material.
• Sawdust - natural material, cheap, easy to use, but very attractive for rodents and fire hazardous. It can be used only by previously thinking processing methods.
• Mineral wool is a very frequently used version of the insulation, with magnificent heat-insulating characteristics, but high enough hygroscopicity, so this insulation must be protected from moisture.
• Equodata based cellulose. Eco-friendly and well insulating material.
• Polyfoam - easy to use and perfect for self-installation. Not hygroscopic and high fireproof.
• Penosop - polymeric material, which is innovation in the assortment of insulation. Penyazole fill the cavities where it then freezes. The material is reliable, does not hold moisture and is safe for possible fires.

Penosol - Innovative Heater for Ceiling

Types of buildings under the insulation of the ceiling

Decide how to properly insulate the ceiling, you can, given the type of building to be papers. You can select them several:

• brick buildings;
• tree buildings;
• houses from foam blocks.

The design and material of the overlap will be of great importance when planning insulation both the ceiling and walls. Therefore, only finding the optimal method of insulation, you can safely and maximally reduce heat loss.

Installation options insulation

Decide on how to insulate the ceiling in the house, you can estimate all methods of installation of materials.

There are 2 ways:

1. From the inside - costly, forces, and materially option;
2. From above - that is, insulation of the attic. Less complicated, requires less cost.

Warming from the inside the ceiling stands at the construction stage of the house, since it is unlikely to break the integrity of the created finish. Sometimes such serious work and will not be required - it will be quite well sound and heat insulating the floor on the upper attic floor. It will simply be if this floor you are not going to do a residential and to use it in general (and therefore, you will not pull the insulation for the ceiling). In order to occasionally visit the attic without harm to the material, laid several boards from the boards.

Insulation work with different types of materials

Warming sawdust

Sawdust is an inexpensive way to strengthen the thermal insulation of the house. By choosing this material, solving, the better to insulate the ceiling, you need to extremely focus on its negative properties - the success of all work will delete how to level them. The technique of insulation of the attics in such a way is quite well developed - another 20 years ago, sawdust or other porous available material simply poured into the sex of the attic, since it was not easy to find a worthy replacement.

Sawdust - proven material for insulation

The minuses of sawdust only 2, but they are significant and obvious:

• availability and attractiveness for rodents;
• fire hazard.

In addition, such insulation for the ceiling of a wooden house or other structure will make an attic inaccessible for use, because it is obtained very fragile and destruction during the utaptation.

In order to overcome the negative characteristics of this attractive material in other aspects of the material, it is necessary to take care of its correct treatment with means that prevent animal fire and reproduction. The simplest of such substances - lime and gypsum, with which sawdust is mixed before adding binders for coating elements - cement and clay.

The total technology of insulation of the house is as follows:

1. the ceiling should be covered with parchment (special);
2. overlapping and boards need to be treated with flame retardant;
3. it is necessary to prepare a mixture of water, cement and sawdust, the resulting liquid insulation fill.

Heater - Polyfoam

Liquid foam - a very convenient way to insulate the ceiling

Analyzing insulation for the ceiling at home, you realize that the foam is one of the best options from low-cost and accessible to self-use. Its advantages are very weighty, although some details of its installation require strict adherence. Modern materials (mounting foam, for example) make it easier to work with this insulation - allow you to maintain the tightness of the joints.

In combination with mineral wool, the foam becomes an even more efficient insulation that allows you to create the perfect "barrier" for warm air.

Polyfoam has many positive qualities. Among them:

• high sound-and thermal insulation;
• impermeability of moisture and resistance to negative external conditions and mechanical pressure (it will not be lifting this insulation);
• ease;
• simplicity of the installation process;
• universality and durability (although remember that the sheets do not cost - this will lead to the loss of heat-grinding properties).

All the advantages of the foam can not block several of its flaws, namely:

• fire hazard;
• exposure to rodents;
• difficulties in fitting to the specific sizes of the surface of foam sheets;
• careful flooring, ceiling when using this material.

Sheet foam - Affordable and convenient material for thermal insulation

The technology of insulation of the ceiling by foam is relatively simple, such works are performed in two ways:

1. from the side of the attic - the sheets are stacked between the beams, and the joints are fought. Then the floorboards are stacked on top of the beams.
2. from the side of the ceiling - the foam is glued directly on the plates and jokes close up. From above the ceiling is sewn into the plasterboard or the installation of the stretch ceiling is made.

Mineral wool insulation

Evaluating the insulation for the ceiling in the house (which is better or worse), we focus on availability and ease of work. Minvata is the perfect material for these indicators, but even more efficiently, as already mentioned, a combination with foam sheets.

The insulation of the ceiling and the walls is an important component of the housing improvement. Each owner of a private house stands up before this issue. Most of the heat goes through the ceiling, therefore, its insulation is very relevant. Modern market building materials Today represents big choice Different insulation. But, first of all, it is necessary to solve which way to carry out thermal insulation.

There are two methods inside or outside the room. Both bring a good result. It is worth choosing one that is more convenient in a particular situation. If we talk about the differences, they differ in technology and based on materials.

Selection of heat insulator

For the insulation of the ceiling in a private house, it is important that it is to choose the material. Parleymapable thermal insulator Produce insulation from the inside. The steamproof insulation is perfect for work outside.

By purchasing material for insulation, you need to pay attention to such qualities:

• Environmental friendliness and safety;
• Flexibility, the ability of the insulation to restore the form;
• Susceptibility K. external influences or compressive strength;
• The density or weight of the heat insulator allows you to calculate the load on the floor of the attic;
• Fire resistance. Total classes of flammability 4 The least combustible materials class M1.

Another nuance when choosing a heater. It is worth considering what the overlaps are made in the house. For wood with the on-board boards, almost any insulation is suitable. But for concrete slabs mainly use heavy bulk materials or slab with good density. Totable heat insulators in rolls, mats. All this is important to know before starting the ceiling warming.

What to insulate the ceiling in a private house

What insulation are better for the ceiling? It depends on many factors. Choosing them today is wide. It is worth staying on their qualities.

Ceramzite is a light bulk material. Produce it from special clay. As a result of processing, porous granules are obtained. Suitable for outdoor insulation. It nonsense, well keeps warm And does not absorb moisture. Also in it do not come rodents. Therefore, when the question arises than to insulate the ceiling in a private house, many prefer the clamzit.

Insulation based on fiberglass is light by weight. Have all the properties necessary for thermal insulation. But they need a special coating that repulsion moisture. They are less than others resistant to its impact.

Mineral wool is not a combustible, but moisture resistant has an average. This is a fibrous insulation. Produced in rolls or plates. It has good thermal insulation qualities. In addition, she has excellent wear resistance. Suitable for ceiling insulation in a private house from the inside. Its advantages can also be attributed:

However, Minvata can look and lose their properties. Fiber insulation attributes and glass wool. It is quite strong and elastic, but is subject to shrinkage.

Such modern heat insulatorslike polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, foam not inferior traditional materials. Produce them from foamed polymer. They are can be released with foil. This is an additional protection against water. Foil increases thermal insulation quality material. When warming the ceiling, the material can be a good choice.

Insulation from extruded polystyrene foam is also easy and they have low thermal conductivity. They have good mechanical strength and affordable. They can be warm attic that is planned to operate. From the disadvantages you can allocate low vapor permeability. Therefore, using them, you will have to take care of ventilation. They do not fit the ceilings with a complex configuration.

Penosol one more polymeric material. He is durable. It has an almost unlimited service life.

Foam plastic fireproof, little weighs and does not give a large load on the overlap. Good heat insulator. Moisture does not absorb, but also does not miss the air. The installation of additional ventilation will be required. Produced in the form of plates. It retains the form well. It can be combined with Minvata.

Such a combination for ceiling insulation has its advantages and cons. The properties of both insulation do not give warm air to go out. However, the minuses can be attributed low fire safety Polyfoam and the fact that it can get rodents.

There are natural cork insulation. These materials produce from compressed cork crumb and resin. They skip the air well, but combustion.

Equata is considered harmless to health and has a low thermal conductivity. It is made from cellulose. To reduce flammability It is treated with boric acid or antipirens. When it is used, it does not need a layer of waterproofer, because the emotata absorbs moisture. Suitable for all types of overlaps.

How to insulate the ceilings in a private house outside

In a private house, the insulation of the ceiling outside, that is, from the side of the attic, they produce styling of the heat insulator to overlap or in its emptiness. it get rid of the need to disassemble the ceiling And make repairs again. Probably the best option for a new or newly renovated home.

How to insulate outside the ceiling, ceiling insulation with polystyrene or polystyrene sheets. Polyfoam is better to choose a thick about 40 mm.

To begin with, the attic must be cleaned of garbage. Then prohibit measurement. The insulation sheets are laid on the sex of the attic. Between them, they fasten the mounting foam. If it is supposed to use the room as an attic, for example, then you need a concrete screed. The insulation is placed with a reinforcing mesh of metal, and a solution for a screed solution is already poured.

Mineral wool insulation

Mineral wool is used for outdoor insulation. After all the necessary measurements are mounted gender lags. Then layer of vapor insulation material. You can use pergamine. The insulation is placed loose, but without gaps between lags. The next stage flooring floor.

Ceramzit is also suitable for outdoor insulation. If the overlaps of concrete, the process of insulation comes down to the following:

• On the stoves lay the layer of waterproofer. Top pour clay. The layer should be about 10 cm;
• The reinforcement grid is placed on it. From above as protection fell plywood;
• Next to the reinforcement grid poured a screed;
• When the screed dry completely can be fixed.

It is important to take a grazit of various fractions. This will prevent the insulation shrinkage.

Warming with ceramzite B. wooden house Make an interstitial space. The layer of waterproofer is placed between carrier beams. As a rule, it is made of polyethylene. It must be fixed. In the intervals ceramzit falls asleep between beams. Its slightly tamper. On top of it are placed fiberboard. Now turn for the finishing coating.

To work with foam, you also need vaporizolation. Foam plates are stacked tight. It is important here that the elements of the thermal insulator were hermetically connected on the joints. To do this, use the mounting foam.

Combined option The insulation of foam and clamzit gives a good result. Down the foam plastic, and on top of his slab fall asleep with clay. Combining foam and with Minvata. In this case, it is placed on plates of foam.

A very longtime and proven method is insulation sawdust in the attic. But they are combustible. Therefore, they are often mixed with cement.

Pleeplex contemporary insulation. It is durable and quite suitable for the insulation of concrete floors in a private house. First, the surface of the overlap is aligned and placed a layer of vapor barrier. Painoplex is attached to the surface of the dowels. Shakes close up with mounting foam.

Warming from the inside

Internal ceiling insulation in a private house is usually produced by mineral insulators. For example, basalt wool. From the inside, the insulation is hiding behind suspended ceilings from plasterboard.

1. At first, the frame of metal is fixed to the ceiling;
2. Between profiles glue the insulation;
3. Frames are shedding plasterboard sheets. Then already make the finishing of the ceiling.

If minvat is chosen as a insulation, then it is better to take glue for the tile. Minvatu can not spin it from this loses its properties. When insulation of the Minvata in the suspended ceiling, the parobarar is not needed. This can lead to the appearance of fungus.

Heat the ceiling from the inside at home and foam. It is important to take into account the density of the material. For internal insulation suitable density of 15 kg / square meters. m. or 25 kg / square meters. M.. Foam sheets are attached to the ceiling by glue. You can apply plaster.

We warm the walls from the inside

It is also important to insulation of walls in a private house. In principle, heat insulators use practically the same as for the ceiling.

• Polyeneethylene fooled;
• Polyplex;
• Mineral wool;
• Polystyrene foam;
• Polyurethan.

Polyurethane foam is considered the most eco-friendly heat insulator. Therefore, quite often, they insulate the walls from the inside. But for insulation, with his own hands, he will not suit. Here you need special equipment.

Also use basalt cotton wool and fiberglass.

Technology insulation walls

In addition to the insulation, you will need, and such materials like a bar. If it is supposed to use Minvatu. Need I. reiki for fastening material. A polyethylene film or membrane can be used as a vaporizolator. Need material for finish finish walls.

Walls before work should be dry. Antiseptic processing does not hurt to avoid fungus.

The insulation of the Minvata presupposes the presence of a frame. Its elements are installed vertically. Plates of insulation put tightly, not leaving gaps. You can consolidate them with special dowels to the surface. The insulation stretches the waterproofer. At the joints, it can be punished with a scotch. Next comes already finishing walls.

Polystyrene foam requires the leveling of the working surface. After the primer, it is processed by an antiseptic. When the walls are dried, you can put the insulation. It is installed frameless way, attached to glue. In the same way insulate and foam. After the heat insulator is pasted, small seams close up by mounting foam. Wider slots insulate the strips of the material. Then the finish coating is applied.

Warming is very important not only for energy savings. This procedure will make the house comfortable and cozy.

In the fact that in private houses with a "cold" roof it is necessary to warm the ceiling on the last floor, you do not need to persuade developers. The question is different: how to make it properly, not overpaying the extra money for the materials. Find out the answer to you will help step by step guideset forth in this article. Here we will explain how to insulate the overlap by the attic (or room) and what to take action so that there is no condensate.

The better to insulate the attic floors

The range of materials for ceiling thermal insulation is so wide that the ordinary homeowner is not easy to make a choice. Judge for yourself:

• mineral wool based on fiberglass and basalt fiber;
• polymer insulation - foam, extrusion polystyrene foam and foamed polyurethane;
• bulk construction materials - vermiculitis, ceramzit;
• folk remedies - sawdust, straw or reed (can be applied in a hand with clay);
• relatively new cellulose-based insulator - Equata.

This is the applying of Eco

Comparing insulation, it is impossible to say that one is bad, and the other is good. They differ greatly by properties, price and scope of application. An important role is played by the budget allocated by the developer on the thermal insulation of the ceilings of a private house or cottage. Therefore, it is worth considering each group of materials separately.

Mineral wool products

These porous building materials are produced in the form of plates and rolls, the density varies in the range of 35-150 kg / m3. We list them features:

1. Basalt minvat is absolutely not lit and calmly maintains temperatures up to 600 ° C, and with further heating it is destroyed without ignition. The heat resistance limit is 200 ° C, so it is considered a difficult-scale substance.
2. Both isolators are well passed by water vapors and are able to absorb moisture, resulting in thermal insulation properties.
3. At the cost of Vata occupies an average position between a cheap foam and more expensive expanded polystyrene.
4. The thermal conductivity of mineral wool products depends on their density. The averaged value is 0.045 W / m ° C, it is a rather high indicator.
5. Tight plates are extremely rarely eating rodents.

Plates of basalt wool

Reference. The standards of most countries are prohibited for the use of indoors, since it is unsafe for health inhabitants of residential buildings. Self famous manufacturers - URSA brands (Ursa) and Izover (Erult).

The main scope of the Ministry of Service of both types - Wooden and frame houses. Unlike polymer insulating materials, it allows wood to "breathe" and do not rot from humidity, because it has high vapor permeability. At the same time, fibrous insulation requires protection from direct moisture from the street.

Fiberglass plates and rolls are allowed to apply for ceiling insulation outside, from the cold attic. Stone Wat You can use from the inside of buildings, but at the same time it is sealed with a vapor barrier film.

Warm polymers

By properties, this group of insulation is the complete opposite of the Minvat. Polyfoam and extruded polystyrene foam, well known under the name Penopleplex (brand name), is able to ignite and burn, no matter what the manufacturers argue. And only a polyurethane applied by a mechanized way in the form of a foam can be withstanding fire no longer than 30 minutes, but after collapses. At the same time, materials practically do not miss steam and do not lose properties during wetting.

So there is a spraying of polyurethane foam

Note. The foam is still permeable for moisture, although it passes it in smaller quantities than cotton.

Thermal insulation characteristics of polymers are the best among all insulation:

• polyfoam - 0.04 W / m ° C;
• exterzional polystyrene foam - 0.035 W / m ° C;
• polyurethan - 0.03 W / m ° C.

Heaters are bad "friends" with wood, which often leads to its rotting at the point of contact. Therefore, in wooden dwellings and pairs of baths with high humidity, their use is allowed along with the device active support and exhaust ventilation. The best materials are combined with concrete ceilings and cellars overlap.

Polyfoam is the lowest, but inferior in durability, in addition it loves to nibble mice. Foam polyurethane is also inexpensive, but requires costs to apply with specialized equipment. Polystyoltilol occupies an average position in terms of cost, and according to practicality - the first. It is durable and durable, besides easily mounted on the ceilings with his own hands, including inside the premises.

Here it is clear that the Penoplex is simply fastened with self-draws

Other insulation

We combined these building materials into a general group on one basis - a bulk structure. The indicators of their thermal conductivity are reflected in the table:

Funny insulation are popular thanks to the cheapness (except vermiculite) and ease of use. But it is necessary to understand that in moderate latitudes the calculated layer of the same clay should be at least 40 cm, otherwise thermal insulation will be mediocre. To load the ceiling is not always possible.

Straw on thermal conductivity is not inferior to foam, but in a dry form it is stored only a few years. To extend the service life, it is customary to mix with clay, but then the insulating properties are reduced, as can be seen from the table. The compromise option is small sawdust, fastened with a thick layer.

Reference. All organic insulation are very loved by rodents. They appear at the beginning of the cold period and arrange nests for the winter in a layer of sawdust or the Saman.

It turns out that these budget materials It can be used for overlapping heat insulation, but with reservations. Vermikulite roads, and fall asleep clamzit makes sense only in the southern regions. To use sawdust, you need to take measures to combat rodents, for example, to put ultrasound dischargers.

Determination of the thickness of thermal insulation

When we figured out how to insulate the ceiling, it is necessary to find out the thickness of the insulating layer. Ideally, such calculations must perform engineers designers using a rather complicated technique. It takes into account the thermal conductivity of all materials of the design, down to the plasterboard cladding.

We offer a simpler method that allows you to determine the thickness of the insulation in a simple formula with an acceptable accuracy. An algorithm of actions such:

1. Learn the accurate thermal conductivity indicator λ (W / M ° C) of the selected material or take the value indicated below in the table.
2. In the regulatory building documentation of your country of residence, find out the minimum allowable heat transfer resistance R (m² ° C / W) for overlap in a particular region.
3. Calculate the thickness of the insulation in meters by the formula Δ \u003d R x λ.

Example. According to SNiP, the insulation of overlaps in Moscow should provide heat transfer resistance R \u003d 4.15 m² ° C / W. If a foam plate with a thermal conductivity λ \u003d 0.04 W / m can be placed on the ceiling, the thickness Δ \u003d 4.15 x 0.04 \u003d 0.166 m or rounded 170 mm will be required. The thinnest layer will come out of polyurethane foam - 125 mm, and the most thick - from the ceramzite (415 mm).

How to make insulation on the side of the attic

Exterior thermal insulation building structures It is considered correct, because it eliminates the control of condensate that can form at the junction of the ceiling material with insulation. When the latter is located on the cold side, the water vapor from the residential premises cannot get into its thickness and condense, causing the appearance of mold.

To block the path of a couple on the attic, the first layer in the "Pie" goes the usual dense film, as shown in the diagram. Thermal insulation is stacked on top of it, and the lamp is bought from below interior decoration Ceiling. Over the insulation, you need to make a ventilation gap (product), and then hide the waterproofing membrane that transmits moisture only in one direction - outward.

Note. The gap between the insulation layer and the membrane is necessary for the conclusion of condensate generated due to the dew point. Without production, moisture is accumulated in the insulation, reducing its ability to resist cold. For this, natural ventilation is organized under the roof.

Ceiling insulation on the attic of the pitched roof is performed according to this technology:

1. The vapor barrier film is attached to the beams of overlapping from the bottom in brackets or using slats of the crate. If the ceilings are already lined and lined, then place the film on the floor of the attic, bypassing the board, as shown above in the photo.
2. Squeeze a row of slab or roll insulation between beams. If the step has not coincides with the width of the insulation, cut the last clearly in size between the boards.
3. When you need to do 2 or 3 layers, plates put the rotor (with overlapping the lower joints) and the beams themselves. Soft roll material Do not tram and do not signate, it should be completely straightened.
4. If the level of thermal insulation turned out to be below the roofing boards, then the ventilation product, count, is ready. It remains to cover the whole area diffusion membrane, pinch the bars of the counterbalax and the boardwalk.
5. Reverse situation: insulation above the level of beams. Then they need to build up wooden barsBy fastening the latter across the boards.

The device of a claying or sawing insulation layer is also made using vapor insulation films. The material falls asleep between the beams at the estimated height, recalls and overlaps the membrane. Washing sawdust is not necessary, so as not to worsen their thermal insulation properties.

Concrete coating under the scope roof is insulated by the same technology. More The process of thermal insulation is demonstrated on the video:

Cleaning from within the premises

Not always there technical opportunity Alone to perform outer thermal insulation of coatings. Examples Many: Apartments recent Floors, loggias with balconies, attic of private houses. In these cases, nothing remains except to insulate the ceiling from the inside. So boldly proceed to prepare - close all the slots of the mounting foam, wood process with an antiseptic, and concrete - appropriate primer.

There are 2 methods of internal insulation of the coating:

1. Installation of slab material - polystyrene or basalt wool - on glue with subsequent fixation of dowels, if it comes to a concrete surface.
2. Device suspended ceilings with a laying isolation under lining.

In the first embodiment, mineral wool or polystyrene plates are attached to the ceiling on the adhesive mixture or the mounting foam so that the joints of the neighboring rows do not coincide. After soaring glue, each element is additionally fixed by dowels in the form of fungi, as done in the photo. From the bottom the insulation is closed with steam insulation, after which the finish coating is mounted - plaster or stretch ceiling.

In the second case, a metallic or wooden frame is attached to the overlap with a row step equal to the insulation width (usually 600 mm). The lower plane of the frame must be defending the ceiling on the thickness of the insulation or be lower. Then the roll of minevat is taken and inserted between the Rims of the Mr. additional fixation Dowels, plates of polystyrene foam sit on glue. Further - vaporizolation and finishing finish.

Conclusion

Performing independent warming of the ceilings, it is important not to confuse paro and waterproofing films, but put the superdiffusion membrane correctly - the labeled side up. This is the only difficult moment in the entire procedure, the rest of the work is quite simple. Last nuance: After unpacking the Roll of Minvati, let it straighten it and do not compress it anymore: this is a working condition of the material.