It is not difficult to build a simple roof for a garage with your own hands. But to do it right, you need to prepare well beforehand. After all, you have to take into account a number important points- when and why to make insulation, whether a vapor barrier is needed and what to do to eliminate possible leaks. In addition, depending on the state and location of the building, the construction strategy will differ significantly.

What should you think about before installing a roof?

The first thing you need to decide on is the purpose of the garage. If it is unheated and will only be used for storing the car, the roof can be of any kind, as long as it does not leak. But if the garage is planned to be warm, or will be warmed up from time to time, used as a workshop or a local "cafe for motorists", the roof must be insulated!
Uninsulated metal roof will condense, providing an unforgettable indoor rain experience in winter. Wood or concrete will heat up, melting snow outside. And this is fraught with ice stalactites and stalagmites, which will have to be shot down regularly. And it's good if the roof slope is made to the back wall, and not in front of the gate.

If there is a hood, it is also better to insulate it and raise it above the roof - so as not to drown the same snow.

Do not forget about the minimum slope with the obligatory gutter for a flat roof. Otherwise, rain and snow may linger in irregularities, which cannot be avoided when self-construction... And this is fraught with possible leaks or destruction of the roof in a few years.

And, of course, it is better to correctly assess your strength in advance and make an estimate. Since sometimes the cheap option is not suitable due to its complexity in the device with your own hands, and expensive material can be replaced with something cheaper. Indeed, a garage does not need a special margin of safety and high environmental friendliness of the roof.

DIY concrete roof for a garage

The easiest option is to put concrete slabs. But you can't do without a crane. If its use for some reason is impossible, you will have to do concrete screed on one's own.
For this you will need:

Of the tools, it is worth considering in advance:

It greatly simplifies the work with concrete, especially if the hand is not yet full, which is clearly shown in the video:

Pouring the concrete roof of the garage

So, all the materials are in store, the tool is ready and you can start building the roof. For this:

1. Floor beams are laid on the walls - pipes, channels or I-beams. In the first two options, the roof will be poured over. If the beams are made of I-beams, boards are laid on its lower edge or metal sheets, on which concrete will be poured. When installing an insulated roof, foam plastic can be laid under the screed.



2. Reinforcing reinforcing mesh is knitted. It is important not to forget that the rods should not touch the formwork, because then rust may begin to appear at the ends. But the reinforcement can be welded to the floor beams. The advantage of I-beams is that they can be cast in layers, one row at a time. This is especially important when pouring alone, since it will definitely not work out the entire roof at once.



3. The formwork is fixed. To make it easier to tear it off the concrete later, the inner walls must be smeared with used machine oil or any other cheap oil. The boards should fit as tightly as possible! Concrete "milk" coming through the cracks significantly degrades the quality of the monolithic floor.
4. The arm mesh is poured with a concrete mixture, it is necessarily bayonetted and smoothed with the rule. If it is possible to order ready-made concrete mix for pouring the entire roof at a time, you must definitely get at least two assistants to level the mix with shovels. And it is better with such a fill to require a deep vibrator, which will help to quickly remove air from the mixture.
5. Concrete screed closes plastic wrap and watered regularly. Concrete will not gain the required strength without watering.
6. After the screed has set, all cracks must be closed. This is done by ironing - a thin layer of cement is crumbled onto the surface and rubbed with an ordinary paint brush. The procedure continues until all cracks have been repaired.
7. All joints in the screed are coated with mastic reinforced with serpyanka. The same applies to the outlet of the ventilation pipe and the upper ribs of the channels.



8. To ensure the required level of waterproofing, a build-up waterproofing is applied over the concrete. Necessarily with the closing of the ends of the concrete floor! For this, the concrete is coated with a primer, and the waterproofing itself is spread in two layers - for reliability. To ensure that the waterproofing does not lag behind, the edges can be pressed with aluminum strips. The dowels are filled with bitumen, and the planks themselves are coated with the same mastic reinforced with serpyanka.

Concrete roof restoration

But what if the garage was inherited? And along with the building, the accompanying problems in the form of a current roof and crumbling concrete floor were transferred to the new owner? In this case, the restoration of the roof will not be much easier than pouring a new one:

You can also restore the current roof by making a ceiling of corrugated board or slate on top. To do this, without removing the old roof covering, logs are laid and fixed with anchors. Perimeter joints are sealed polyurethane foam- for sealing and so that the wind does not lift the entire ceiling.

The crate is fixed on the logs. If the metal is thin, then it is advisable to make the crate frequent. The edges are protected by metal corners that prevent moisture from leaking from the bottom. After the roofing has been laid, the wind bar must be installed.

It is also called end-face - it protects the ends of the roof from water ingress from above.

Very accessible about the restoration of the garage roof using corrugated board is shown in the video:

DIY wooden garage roof

If concrete works seem complicated and time-consuming, the roof of the garage can be made of wood. More precisely, the rafter system will be wooden, while the roofing itself can be anything - from metal to ceramic.

Shed roof garage

This is the simplest option, which does not require serious calculations and special construction skills. The only thing to consider with a free-standing garage is the prevailing wind direction. Bottom edge shed roof should be on the windward side - that is, on the side from which the wind most often blows. IN otherwise strong gusts can simply tear the roof off.

Such a roof is erected very simply:

1. A support board is attached to the wall of the house above the level of the garage wall. With a run width of up to 4.5 meters, the rafters will only be placed on the support board and the garage wall. If the width of the garage is planned to be up to 6 m, you will also have to fix the bed at the same level with the garage wall, on which the rafter leg will rest, providing support for the long rafter.



2. If the walls of the garage are brick or concrete, a Mauerlat made of 15x10 cm or 15x15 cm timber is attached along the upper edge. It provides the necessary strength of the entire roofing structure, redistributing the load on the wall. To prevent the tree from rotting, the timber must be treated with an antiseptic and several layers of waterproofing should be placed under it.



3. Rafters to the Mauerlat are attached either with a release behind the wall, or without release. You can calculate the length of the rafters and the angle of inclination using the table.





4. Waterproofing is laid directly on the rafters. On top of it, it is fixed with bars of counter-lattice, on which the lathing is then placed. The waterproofing is laid with an overlap, the overlap is glued with butyl rubber tape. Also, as a seal, you can put adhesive tape under the counter grid - to seal puncture points.



5. Depending on the chosen roofing and the angle of inclination, the crate can be either solid or sparse. This should be taken into account, otherwise, under critical loads, the roof may simply fail.

Gable roof garage

Such an option for a do-it-yourself device is already much more complicated and requires serious calculations. And more material will also be required. For example, insufficient thickness of the rafters can cause the roof to buckle, resulting in stagnant snow and broken rafters due to weight. And even with the right thickness, a large number of knots in the timber can lead to the same results. But such a garage looks presentable, and the space under the roof can be used to store household equipment.

The principle of a gable roof structure:

1. It is important to determine the height of the roof - too high a wind will try to overturn, and too low can lift.
2. The rafter system is assembled - triangles consisting of rafter legs and tightening. For garages over 6 meters wide, a more sophisticated system using crossbars or headstocks will be required.



3. You can either collect individual elements on the ground, lifting them as needed, or immediately on the walls. The first option is more suitable for garages, since the floor does not spread and it is extremely inconvenient to walk along the edges of the walls.
4. First, the extreme rafters are installed from the ends of the garage. A cord is pulled between them at the highest point, which determines the level of the roof. After that, you can attach all the other rafter legs. They are fixed with temporary jibs.



5. The ridge girder is attached last. To prevent the rafters from moving, they are fastened using the cut-in method. Also, to simplify the work, the ridge beam can be fixed with building corners without cutting out corners.



6. The waterproofing is rolled out and fixed with a rail along the rafters. If you use waterproofing membrane, it can act as a temporary roof for two to three months - depending on the manufacturer. You need to pay attention to the resistance to ultraviolet light, otherwise the waterproofing can quickly deteriorate, simply starting to crumble.



7. The crate is stuffed. The frequency depends on the roof covering. It is better to make it more frequent than to repair the roof later on urgently if the roof cannot withstand the pressure of the snow.

Regardless of the chosen roofing, special attention should be paid to the ridge knot. A poorly made ridge is a guarantee of a flowing roof and the formation of condensation, since the ridge performs the function of ventilation of the roofing cake.

For example, for a roof made of metal tiles, the distance between the lathing in the ridge assembly should be at least 3 cm and not more than 5 cm.And the waterproofing should be located on the roof slopes at a distance of 20 cm.The ridge itself is laid on breathable insulation and fastened with self-tapping screws.

For ventilated roof ridge with soft roof can be used as ready-made solutions in the form of a ridge aerator, or make the structure yourself. The first method is much simpler, but it significantly increases the cost of construction.

The second option will require a little more effort, but it will save you money. The construction of a ventilated ridge with your own hands begins with cutting a ventilation gap in a continuous crate. Next, 5x5 cm bars are attached above the ventilated hole, on which the OSB sheets are laid. To protect roofing cake from dust and insects, you can also fix metal mesh, which is wrapped in bars.

conclusions

Summarizing, the following conclusions can be drawn when building a garage roof with your own hands:

• it is better to restore the concrete roof of the garage with the help of corrugated board - it is easier and cheaper;
• concrete work must be carried out with an assistant, otherwise the roof will have to be poured in parts, and the joints must be sealed;
• roof insulation is a must to protect against condensation;
• for a concrete roof, a welded waterproofing is used on the concrete floor, for a wooden one - a windproof membrane that prevents the formation of condensation;
• the thickness of the rafters must be sufficient to support the maximum snow load if the roof slope is small, it is better to do it with a margin of safety;
• if you choose corrugated board as a roof, as the cheapest option, you should carefully consider the quality of decorative spraying - it can peel off from unscrupulous manufacturers in a year;

In times of shortage of materials, outbuildings were built from the remains of boards and everything that remained after the construction of the house. Of course, from this they did not lose functionality, but they significantly spoiled the appearance of the site. Teter garage is performed as part of an architectural ensemble, made in the same style and color scheme. In this article we will tell you how to make a high-quality gable roof for a garage with our own hands, we will figure out how to draw up a project and carry out the installation correctly.

A gable roof is a simple structure, consisting of two inclined planes, called roof slopes. They rely on external walls garage and converge at the ridge connection, which is the highest point of the roof. The two slopes and the base of the roof form an isosceles triangle. This method overlapping the garage in comparison with other options has the following advantages:

1. Ensuring the self-descent of snow and rainwater from the roof. The inclined surface of the slopes of the gable roof facilitates the drainage of water and snow masses, due to which the load on the rafter frame does not increase, and the need to clean the roof of snow is rare. In regions with a lot of precipitation in winter gable roof garage - a real alternative to lean-to structures, which often collapse in snowfalls.
2. Profitability. It takes a little to make a gable roof with your own hands building materials... The lumber from which the rafter frame and roofing materials are made have an affordable price, therefore the total cost of covering the garage will not be much higher than the cost of erecting single-pitched analogs of the same area.
3. Ease of assembly. A separate item of savings can be the refusal to involve professional workers in the construction of the roof, since even an inexperienced craftsman can correctly make a gable roof for a garage with his own hands.
4. High energy efficiency. Due to its shape, the gable roof reduces energy losses during space heating. It is considered to be the most energy efficient way of overlapping utility buildings. Therefore, if you carry out heating in the garage, a do-it-yourself gable roof is the most correct option.
5. Organization of storage. The garage, first of all, is reserved for the maintenance of cars and other equipment, however, it should have a place for storing seasonal tools, wheels and spare parts. Gable roof allows you to organize in attic spacious shelves, they are easily made by hand in accordance with the needs of the owners.

Note! A garage with a gable roof, in contrast to a gable roof, looks like independent construction... It can be located not only near the house, but in any convenient place on the site. Experienced craftsmen it is recommended to make slopes with a slope of 20-30 degrees and use roofing material for covering that was used for the house in order to maintain a uniform style in the design.

Design

The first step in building a gable roof for a garage with your own hands is to create a project that reflects the basic design parameters. To get to work, you need to determine three main characteristics: the height of the ridge, the slope of the slopes and the type of roofing. Calculations when creating a project are performed taking into account the loads on the frame elements. The total weight of the roof is calculated to determine how deep the foundation is required. To sketch a working diagram, you need to correctly make the following calculations:

Important! The choice of a suitable roofing material depends on the angle of inclination of the slopes. A slope of 20-30 degrees, which most experienced roofers recommend for a garage roof, allows you to use soft tiles, corrugated board, slate or roll materials as a covering. But the metal tile, which is popular in DIY construction, requires a slope steepness of 35 degrees or more.

Rafter frame

The basis of each gable roof is a rafter frame, a set of elements that ensure the stability and stability of the roofing structure. The roof of the garage is built on the basis of rafters made of wood conifers impregnated with antiseptic and refractory substances. Depending on the layout of the building, weight and area of ​​\ u200b \ u200bthe roofing material, 2 different types roof systems:

Note! When calculating the rafter system, the weight of its elements is taken into account, since it increases the load on the foundation. To avoid overloading, leading to deformation of the base of the building, a balance should be observed between the section thickness and the number of rafters. The size of the lumber is chosen in accordance with the tables, taking into account the length of the rafters and the pitch between them.

Mounting

The most crucial moment, if you are building a roof with your own hands, is the installation itself. In order to avoid mistakes, it is better to sketch out a schematic drawing reflecting all the dimensions of the frame elements, the distance between them, as well as the method of fastening. The work is performed in the following order:

Note! If the garage premises will be heated, thermal insulation of the slopes is performed as well. To do this, use non-combustible fibrous insulation, for example, basalt wool or expanded polystyrene.

Video instruction

Garage storage of cars not only increases their safety, but also increases the operating time. In most cases, the simplest garage project with a low estimated cost is chosen. It is possible to build such structures in just 2-3 weeks, the specific time frame depends on the complexity of the project and the individual wishes of the developers.

Currently, warm garage options are not popular for several reasons.

Shed roof - the best option rafter system for budget projects garages. What are its advantages and are there any disadvantages?

Objective characteristics of pitched roofs

Let's start an overview of the technical and operational parameters shed roofs are unconventional, not with advantages, but with disadvantages. The disadvantages include the following factors.

Lack of attic space or a small amount of it

Indeed, pitched roofs can simultaneously serve as a garage ceiling (the attic is completely absent) or have a separate ceiling, but it is located at a minimum distance from the rafter system. This disadvantage is very conditional, today there is no need to store it in the garage. full set spare parts due to their shortage, everything missing can be purchased in stores without any problems. And from such a garage storage, technically complex units quickly lose their factory data. As for a set of winter / summer tires, there is always a place for it in the garage itself or in a small attic.

High rates of snow load

According to SNiP, when the roof slope is less than 20 °, the entire snow cover remains on the surface of the slopes. Mono-pitched roofs rarely have an angle of inclination exceeding such values, respectively, during calculations it is necessary to take into account the maximum values ​​of the snow cover height for each climatic zone, increase the stability of the rafter system, take special measures to improve its reliability. But for garages this is not a problem, the small size of the building significantly reduces general loads and make work easier.

Low design characteristics

This is a very controversial statement, each garage owner has his own preferences. There is no need to obey the designers in everything, they see the project only once, and they will not use the garage. Best of all, in terms of design parameters, the structure that pleases the owner, not the designers. Now it's time to talk a little about the benefits of a shed roof for a garage.

Table. Advantages of shed roofs for a garage.

According to professional builders, shed roofs are the only type of rafter system that amateurs can assemble... You just need to be able to cut lumber a little and have a great desire to build a garage on your own.

Snow guard prices

Snow holder

Shed roof truss system options

A simple design, in principle, cannot have many options; this rule also applies to single-pitched roofs for a garage.

A garage with a pitched roof can be either a free-standing structure or adjacent to an existing one. The second option allows you to save free space on the site, make a warm entrance / exit from the house, simplifies connection engineering systems and so on. These are virtues.

But there is a significant drawback in the attached garages. Indicators of the bearing capacity of the foundation of a house and a garage will certainly differ. During seasonal fluctuations of architectural structures, a gap will appear between the garage and the wall of the house; in order to prevent leaks, a set of special construction measures will have to be taken, this somewhat complicates the construction. And in the case of large fluctuations, the leaks cannot be eliminated. Conclusion - extensions should be provided at the stage of development of the project of the main buildings and a common foundation should be poured for them.

Artificial facade wall of a shed roof - pillars with a top strapping bar and boardwalk

Prices for various types of timber

Practical tips for designing a shed roof for a garage

We will not describe complex engineering calculations, ordinary developers do not deal with them. And the garage is not such an important and responsible structure to make a project taking into account all the requirements of existing state standards and regulations. Consider only general provisions and recommendations, this information is quite enough for the construction of a reliable and durable garage.

1. Determination of the angle of inclination of the slopes... As already mentioned, for all types of roofing, the slope angle of the slopes cannot be less than 12 °. In practice, such buildings are rare, developers want to reinsure themselves and make the angle of inclination up to 20 °, due to this, the attic space also increases.

   

2. Determination of the difference in the height of the slopes of a flat roof... After you have decided on the angle of inclination, you should find out to what height to raise the second end of the rafters. This is done using tables, a special calculator on sites or independently. To do this, multiply the length of the garage by tg α, where α is the slope of the slope. Accordingly, if the slope has a bias to the side, then you need to multiply not the length, but the width of the garage.
3. Determining the length of the rafters... You can continue to use calculators or formulas, but in practice it is better to measure the length with an ordinary rope or tape measure, which completely eliminates the possibility of error. One end of the rope is attached to the wall, and the other to the dais or girder. The overhang should be added to the resulting size. Typically, the roof overhang is approximately 20 cm around the perimeter of the garage.

   

   

4. The number of rafters and the distance between them... Here, accurate calculations are very complex, the number of elements depends on the parameters of the lumber, the type of roofing and the climatic zone of residence. You should not go too deep into the calculations, it is much easier to look at the structures already built and make a rafter system of the same dimensions. Old garages have withstood the stress and are time-tested. It is much easier and more reliable than doing complex calculations.

A roof of any type is responsible for the safety of the building, the integrity of the walls and interior decoration building. It protects the house from the scorching heat in summer, from snowfalls in winter, heavy rains in the off-season, and also performs an important function in shaping the overall exterior of the building. Unlike broken, multi-level, hip and other modifications, a pitched roof is reliable, economical and the least expensive. This type is often used for outbuildings, verandas and garages. Despite its simplicity, the roof is made according to calculations and building codes in compliance with the rules and technologies for laying roofing material.

Advantages and disadvantages of a pitched roof

A pitched roof, like any medal, has two sides: it has its own advantages and disadvantages. The construction of a roof of this type is characterized by simplicity and low cost, since you can mount it yourself, without resorting to the services of a construction team and saving a certain amount on this.

A garage with a pitched roof will reliably protect the car from snow and rain

So, pay attention to the main benefits:

• the design is based on right triangle- the "lightest" geometric figure knowing the length of its sides, you can easily calculate the angle between them (in our case, this determines the angle of inclination of the slope);
• installation of a pitched roof is intuitively simple and straightforward;
• it will take several days to cover a typical "single-slope", with certain skills and dexterity, such a roof can be laid even over the weekend.

In addition, design problems fade into the background and give way to solidity and reliability. It is imperative to provide for in what area the garage will be built, how much precipitation will fall on the roof. Now the disadvantages:

• an insufficiently strong rafter system will not be able to cope with a large mass of snow without problems. That is why, in regions with severe winters, it is preferable to use a gable roof;
• the second drawback will be the lack of a fully functional attic space, which significantly limits the ability to use additional space for temporarily unused materials or tools;
• the actual absence of an under-roof zone significantly complicates or almost completely negates the installation of high-quality thermal insulation. It is hardly possible to insulate the roof, the slope angle of which is 9 o - 12 o.

Calculation of the slope of a pitched roof depending on the choice of roofing material

If preference is given to a lean-to design, pay attention to the selection of roofing material. The angle of inclination of the roof will depend on this, which, in turn, is necessary for the unhindered convergence of snow, rain, ice from the slope:

• for roll, bituminous, polymer materials, the slope of the slope should not exceed 10 o. The minimum safe slope is at least 6 o;
• for flat or corrugated slate, sheet iron with folded joints, the maximum permissible angle of inclination is 20 °;
• if you use corrugated board, tiles, asbestos-cement and slate slabs, metal tiles as a roof covering, you should not exceed the maximum allowable 25–30 o.

The angle of inclination of the slope will depend on the choice of the type of roofing material

Shed roof construction with drawings

When building a pitched roof, pay attention to the design of the rafter system and the selection of roofing material - the safety of operation and the ability to cope with the loads depend on this. In rare cases, use reinforced concrete slabs(provided that the angle of inclination is minimal). But mostly they use rafter base from a wooden bar.

For the correct calculation, you need to know several parameters:

• the length and width of the bearing walls of the building;
• the angle of inclination and the desired length of the slope;
• type of material that covers the roof.

Based on the dimensions, it will become clear whether additional support posts are needed to strengthen the rafters. The angle of inclination will determine the need for additional construction of the pediment and its height, as well as whether it is necessary to do attic floor... According to fire safety standards, it is forbidden to install an attic with a height below 1.6 m.

The roof rafter system is calculated depending on the width of the slope

It is extremely important to determine the angle of inclination of the garage roof even at the design stage, since the height of the opposite sides of the box and the advisability of using a cantilever frame on one of the sides to comply with the required slope will depend on this.

Use wood only after it is thoroughly dry. The lumber for the rafters should not have chips or other flaws at the joints. For long rafters, use laminated veneer lumber. The boards are used only for light roofing surfaces.

Mauerlat - a reliable base for a pitched roof

A rafter frame is a structure of boards or logs laid in parallel, resting on the base of opposite walls of different heights. Mauerlat performs a transitional function from walls to roof and is connecting link... If the walls of the garage are kicked out of wood, which is unlikely in the new age building technologies, there is no need for it. Brick (silicate and ceramic) is also a strong and durable building material in itself, so there is no need to lay a Mauerlat on walls one brick thick. This will only add financial problems and unnecessary labor costs. In the case of a single-pitched roof, the rafter system can be installed directly on the strapping - this is justified when the slope is minimal and the coverage is not heavy. Installation of a tiled roof, asbestos-cement or slate, presupposes the presence of a Mauerlat. It helps to evenly distribute the wall load along the entire perimeter of the structure. Mauerlat is indispensable if the walls are driven out of gas silicate blocks or foam concrete. Such material is too fragile and loose - the anchor bolt or dowel is unlikely to hold in it.

How to fix the Mauerlat on the walls of the garage

Mauerlat is laid on two opposite walls, on which the rafters will subsequently rest. So:

1. Lay on the ends of the walls any waterproofing material... It can be roofing material or bitumen tape.
2. Lay the Mauerlat on top. To do this, use a bar measuring 50 * 150 mm or 100 * 150 mm, depending on the thickness of the walls of the building.
3. Use anchor bolts or dowels to secure the wood to the base.

Such a uniform redistribution of the load is especially important for block walls, since they have less strength than, for example, bricks.

In some cases, reinforcement tabs are used to fasten the rafter system to the walls during forcing. With the help of steel wire, the rafters are knitted to the fittings, the traces of the strapping are hidden under the wall decoration inside the garage.

Reinforcement tabs are used for fastening rafters

Sometimes it is necessary to install reinforced belt: special studs or trims of reinforced pipes are inserted into the upper masonry of the wall, onto which the Mauerlat bar is placed. In addition to additional redistribution of the load, such a belt will allow you to adjust and fix the horizontal level as much as possible.

Garage roof construction technology

Before proceeding with construction works, you need to do some small trigonometric calculations. With their help, the difference in heights of opposite walls is found, the angle of inclination and the area are calculated future roof... Most of the calculations can be done independently, using the familiar school formulas for finding the area, length and other parameters of different shapes. The amount of necessary building materials depends on the calculations and, accordingly, the budget necessary for the implementation of the idea is calculated.

The amount of necessary building materials depends on the calculations and the budget necessary for the implementation of the idea is calculated

By making necessary calculations and having purchased the material, you can start building a garage roof.

How to make a roof from a profiled sheet with your own hands

Consider an example of the execution of a pitched roof made of corrugated board. Strength, lightness and rigidity distinguish it favorably among modern building materials. The profiled sheet is made of galvanized steel sheet by cold rolling. For greater rigidity during production, it is subjected to profiling, due to which the edges of the wavy or trapezoidal shape can be seen on the sheets. It is available in different thicknesses and corresponding markings. For the roof, the most suitable professional sheet is NS44 or NS35.

A roof made of corrugated board will reliably protect your car

To install the roof, we need:

• wooden boards of the appropriate length and timber for the Mauerlat;
• roofing material (in our case, corrugated board), covering the entire roof area, taking into account overlaps;
• woodworking tools: ax, circular, hammer, planer, jointer, screwdriver;
• tools for working on metal: grinder, rubber mallet, awl;
• fixing materials: stapler with staples, nails, self-tapping screws or roof screws with rubber gaskets;
• measuring and marking tools: tape measure, ruler, level, pencil, chalk.

After the garage frame has been brought to a sufficient multilevel height, we proceed to the construction of the roof:

1. We proceed to the installation of the Mauerlat (the laying technology is described above).
2. We build a rafter system and lay the crate.
3. We lay the first rafter on the Mauerlat, going beyond the overhang by 40-50 cm, make a notch on it for fixing and use it as a template for subsequent boards.
4. Using metal corners, self-tapping screws and a screwdriver, we fasten the rafter boards over the entire roof area at equal distances.

   The rafters are stacked on the Mauerlat at equal distances

5. We make the crate from bottom to top.

   We lay the crate on the rafter system

6. We put roofing material or bitumen tape for waterproofing under the overhangs (for exterior decoration of the garage, it can be sheathed with siding or the same profiled sheet).
7. With help construction stapler mount waterproofing film or a vapor-tight membrane, put a counter grating on top.

   A counter-lattice is attached on top of the waterproofing

   8. Lay the sheets from left to right, starting from the bottom row, with an overlap of 2 waves. If the height of the corrugation is not more than 2 cm, we attach the self-tapping screw to the top of the rib. If it is higher than 2 cm, we attach it to the base. The gaskets under the self-tapping screws should not dangle, but they should not be pinched either - this will lead to subsequent roof leaks.

   The procedure for laying the profiled sheet on the crate

When the roof is ready, the final necessary touch remains - the installation of the drainage system. The lack of ebb tides over time will lead to deterioration of the foundation, damage to the basement and facade.

Ebb tides will protect the garage from destruction of the foundation and basement

Video: fastening rafters for a garage gable roof

Video: how to make a gable roof with your own hands

If all installation instructions for a garage pitched roof have been followed, you will get dry and reliable protection for your favorite car. A strong roof will protect the room from leaks and destruction. And you can do it yourself, but together with a partner it will be faster, more reliable and more fun. The more valuable such a building will be.

Single slope roofs are ideal for garages. Gentle planes, widespread in the vastness of the fatherland, authoritatively complete solid brick buildings and small frame boxes.

The construction principle is much simpler than the construction of a gable rival. The work is carried out much faster, and the result lasts longer, which has a very convincing effect on independent craftsmen. However, for the successful completion of the case, you should firmly know how a shed roof for a garage is constructed, in what way it is more reasonable to arrange it.

Shed designs do not strike the imagination of aesthetes, but they appeal to the mind of practitioners extremely persistently. Therefore, not too beautiful, but simple and reliable roofs with a single slope are built mainly over outbuildings.

The leadership of single-pitched roofs in the field of arranging garages is justified by an impressive list of advantages, including:

• Profitability... The construction and arrangement requires a minimum amount of materials.
• Constructive simplicity... A pitched roof is formed by separately installed rafters, the edges of which rest on walls of different heights. The function of walls may be performed by pillars, columns or pillars of a frame structure.
• Long-term impeccable service... Elements of a well-built pitched roof are freely washed by air currents. Excellent ventilation eliminates the formation of destructive condensation, prevents moisture wooden parts and its inevitable result is decay.

The construction of pitched roofs over garage boxes in most cases is not accompanied by an attic. The configuration itself is not very convenient for organizing storage space in the attic, for example, winter tires.

An exception may be the desire of the owner to make a workshop over the main room. True, in such situations it is more expedient that a broken technology is used in construction or, which provides an opportunity to acquire practically two-story garage at a relatively low cost.

The subtleties of designing a garage roof

There are significantly more options for the construction of pitched roofs over garages than the constructive simplicity suggests. They are erected over detached objects and over extensions.

One slope can overlap not only the garage, but at the same time the bathhouse or summer house with an adjacent wall. The basis of construction can be not only a foot with walls of different heights, but also a box, the walls of which have been brought to a single level.

The main feature of a shed roof is the presence of support under both edges of the rafter leg. The elements of the rafter system are simply stacked, i.e. as if leaning on the supports, in this connection they bear the technical name "layered".

In fact, the rafters of a pitched roof are ordinary beams, laid at a slight angle to the horizon. Therefore, the steepness of the structure is not taken into account when designing and calculating.

Principles for determining the angle of inclination

Competent construction of a pitched roof must comply with the slope necessary for the free flow of rainwater and removal of precipitation during the period of snow melting. This is why the heights of the supporting structures must be different.

Three factors influence the choice of the slope angle:

• Climatic specificity of a particular region. It is irrational to erect gentle lean-to structures with a steepness of up to 5-7º in areas with abundant winter precipitation. But they work well in areas with high wind activity and with little snow. Shed roofs with a slope of 20-25º should not be built in areas with frequent strong winds above detached garages. Possible construction over an extension.
• Roofing type. In the arrangement of flat roofs up to 8º, roll roofs are used: polymer, 3 and 4-layer bituminous or bitumen-polymer materials. If the slope of the roof is 8-10º, the roof is laid in two layers. If the angle of inclination is 15-20º, metal sheets, seamed together, flat and corrugated slate are used. For roofs with a steepness of 25º, either one of its variations, metal tiles, is suitable.
• Landscaping of the estate. Architectural canons command the use of roofs of the same color and type within one territorial unit. At least for own site if it doesn't burden the budget too much.

It doesn't matter if the angle of inclination is chosen with reference to the specified circumstances, or vice versa. It is important that, as a result, a consensus is found that satisfies the entire range of the listed conditions.

The steepness of a pitched roof is an extremely important parameter for a garage, which must be determined at the stage of garage design. She will make it clear whether it will be necessary to construct the walls of the box of different heights or whether it is possible to provide a slope by installing on one side of the cantilever frame.

The length of the rafter legs

The area of ​​the slope should take into account the formation of overhangs that protect building construction from direct and slanting rains. Craftsmen who want to know how to competently make a project of a shed roof for a garage need to take into account the type of material from which the walls are made, because:

• Overhangs over sheathed metal frame structures should be at least 10-20cm.
• Overhangs over log cabins should be 50-60cm.
• Overhangs over brick and concrete garage boxes 30-40cm.

Sometimes overhangs are increased in order to form a canopy from the side of the entrance or along a long wall. The canopy enlarged in area must be supported on pillars built on a common with a garage or on a separate foundation.

Upon completion of the analysis of geometric indicators, you can safely proceed to calculating the dimensions of the rafters.

Rules for calculating the rafter system

To calculate the elements of the rafter frame, it is easier to use one of the programs offered by the Internet. There are no fundamental differences in their calculations.

The data is corny entered into specific tablets, after which the result appears almost instantly. Because Intensive pedestrian movements on the surface of a pitched roof are usually not expected, then for calculations you only need to know:

• The weight of the roof covering, distributed over 1m² of area, excluding the angle of inclination.
• The weight of the solid lathing used to equip the slopes up to 25º. The weight of the board per 1 m², plywood or OSB is taken.
• The weight of the insulation, if you plan to install it.
• The mass of snow cover, established from long-term observations in a particular area.

The weight of precipitation in the construction area can be determined from the map that we have given, or found in the collection of standards for building climatology.

The degree of complexity of the rafter frame

The structural complexity of the shed roof rafter system directly depends on the size of the span it covers:

• If the span does not exceed 4.5 m, the rafter frame is simple to the limit. In its composition there are only parallel-laid rafter legs, connected to the bars of the Mauerlat or with equivalent elements.
• If the span is more than 4.6 m, but less than 6 m, then the system becomes more complicated. Due to the impressive length of the rafters, there is a possibility of its sagging and twisting. To avoid deformation and increase the rigidity of the structure, the rafter legs are supported by struts.
• If the span is more than 6 m, it is divided into conventional segments, between which a purlin structure with vertical supports is installed. Naturally, to install the purlin frame, you need your own support in the form inner wall... You can lean on concrete floor, for the construction of a roof over which calculations are almost not required.

Optimal dimensions interior space a garage for one car is 3.5 × 5.2 m. Even if you do not take into account the thickness of the walls, it is clear that to build a roof over the box with the indicated dimensions according to the schemes from the first or second paragraph. When the slope slopes across the long walls of the building, the rafters are stacked without additional elements.

If the slope is directed along long walls, the rafters will need to be propped up with struts. In any case, both options should be thought over and calculated. It is advisable to draw up two drawings of a garage with a shed roof in order to choose the most suitable type for technological and economic aspects.

Construction process instructions

A better method for studying construction technologies than analyzing real developments and examples has not yet been invented. They are also useful for those who, with their own hands, decided to make a pitched roof over a garage planned for construction, and for those who need to control the construction of an object on a personal plot.

Close attention should be paid to the construction of the foundation for the garage. The foundation of the building must be flawless and really solid. If the soils under the weight of the "iron horse" sag unevenly, the foundation will surely crack. Damage, barely noticeable at the initial stage, will turn into large gap with complete list the ensuing consequences: with a violation of thermal insulation, displacement of a part of the wall and a skewed roof as a result.

Uneven subsidence is especially dangerous for prefabricated and columnar foundations. A grillage built on top of them will not save brick and concrete walls from destruction due to its own insignificant capacity. Therefore, it is quite rightly accepted to fill under capital structures monolithic slab or tape. It is required to deepen monolithic foundations below the horizon of seasonal soil freezing by at least 30 cm, to be sure of reliability by 50 cm.

In the northern regions, a slab so deeply buried would be too costly. They prefer tapes with overlapping concrete slabs if the device is supposed inspection pit, or with a concrete floor on a tamped base, if the organization of the pit is not to be.

Frame garages are not too demanding on foundations. Due to the uneven subsidence of the underlying soils, they may be slightly skewed. However, the frame of the upper and bottom strapping, rigidly connected to the wall posts, will not allow the building to collapse. Moreover, it will not be difficult to correct the imbalance: it is enough to raise the sagging part of the structure with a jack and level the foundation by lining bricks, foam blocks, scraps of timber, etc.

The reason for the use of columnar types of foundation for frame garages lies in the possibility of free elimination of shortcomings, with the construction of one of which we will deal with.

Construction of a detached garage with a "single-skate"

Undeniable advantages frame technology the sweet couple of definitions "cheap and fast" perfectly reflects. Let's add to them the possibility of building with our own hands and put the slightest doubts into the distance. Let's get started.

The process of building a frame garage in steps:

• We arrange by columnar foundation lower frame strapping. First of all, we create a frame from a bar of 150 × 200 according to the dimensions of the garage. We lay the elements with the wide side flat, connect them in the corners with an oblique cut. We strengthen the connections with nails, bolts, metal plates. The space between the frame ribs is filled with a 150 × 150 bar, laid on the ordinary foundation pillars. We additionally reinforce the corners with staples;
• We build the front wall of the garage. We install bars 150 × 150 3 m long at the corners of the harness. We fasten them with reinforced galvanized corners and fix them with temporary jibs to the adjacent strapping edges. We install beams of equal section and length according to the width of the opening under Garage Doors, we fasten with corners. We connect the resulting racks by laying on top of a 100 × 150 beam with a similar fastening - we get the front part of the upper harness.
• We collect the back wall. We install four pieces of timber 150 × 150 with a length of 2.5 - 2.7 m at equal distances. The height of the rear wall pillars is calculated during the design process and depends on the length of the garage. We additionally fix the corner posts with temporary jibs. We tie all four elements from above with a 100 × 150 bar. This is the back piece of the top harness.
• We lay the rafters with an edge on the harness beams. For cutting the rafter legs, we use a board 25 × 150. We fasten them with corners or sliding supports to the harness beams.
• We build the side walls. We apply an inch to the middle of the side wall, on which we mark the lines after the fact. According to the template made from the inch, we make the side wall racks from a bar of 150 × 150. We install them and connect them at the top with a 100 × 150 bar attached to the side faces of the posts.
• We tie the entire frame in the middle with a 50 × 150 board. We take half the length of the rear wall pillar as the starting point for the middle harness.
• We install permanent jibs. We dismantle all previously installed auxiliary elements. Each segment of the frame, obtained as a result of the installation of the middle harness, is supplied with a jib from a board 25 × 150.
• We decorate the roof. We arrange a continuous crate, laying a board 25 × 150 on the rafters with gaps of 2-3mm. Instead of a board, you can use plywood or OSB-3 panels. We sheathe the perimeter with a wind board, spread the waterproofing, and mount the coating.

It remains to sheathe the garage frame with a board, wall sheeting or moisture-resistant plywood, used as a basis for subsequent finishing.

If you want to insulate the garage, before cladding, thermal insulation is laid between the frame elements. There is no need at all for wall and ceiling cladding from the inside of an insulated building. Wooden components, open to free access to air, dry well, thanks to which they serve for a long time.

Construction of an extension with a pitched roof

In terms of economic indicators, an extension garage is significantly ahead of a detached object. It's not just a significant reduction in building materials due to common wall with the main building. If necessary, it is more profitable and easier to bring communication to the extension.

For the frame extension described in the example, strip foundation... To fill it, they dug not a foundation pit, but a trench into which the formwork was installed. The height of the formwork was calculated so that, as a result, a small plinth of 15 - 20 cm rose above the ground surface. During the pouring period, we install embedded parts for fastening the frame to the foundation.

After stripping inside the contour, select the soil 30 cm below the surface of the earth. We ram the bottom and first fill in 10 cm of a mixture of crushed stone with sand, then 10 cm of sand, then ram again. We lay oiled paper or roofing material on the compacted sand, and pour 10 cm of concrete on top of this layer. We got the most suitable concrete floor for the garage.

If there is a desire to make a certain slope of about 1% towards the gate, before pouring, wooden planks must be installed in the longitudinal direction at the required angle. The planks are installed on the edge 60 cm from the walls. A concrete mixture is poured into the space between them and distributed by mashing with the required slope. After removing the planks, the grooves formed by them are filled with a solution.

The sequence of work on the construction of an extension garage:

• Bottom strapping device. On the base with a strip we lay roofing material, roofing felt or a similar waterproofing material. We lay on top of the waterproofing parts of the lower strapping, pre-cut from a bar 150 × 150. We check the horizontal level with the level, if necessary we level the position by lining the chips. We connect the trim parts with a cut, add bolts to the joints, reinforce the corners with brackets.
• Installation of entry racks. Before installing the strapping in the timber from the edge, we make a cut along the dimensions of the timber with a depth of about 7 cm. We install racks made of 150 × 150 timber, their height must correspond to the project.
• Construction of the walls of the extension. First, we form corner supports from a 50 × 150 board. The two boards are set at an angle to each other so that the adjacent board forms the edge of the adjacent wall. We fill the space between the corner supports with ordinary posts. We install them with a step of about 60 cm.
• Top strapping device. We lay a 50 × 150 board flat in two rows with bandaging of the joints.
• Styling ceiling beams... We install a board 50 × 150 with an edge with a step of about 60 cm on the top harness. Between the beams we place 50 × 50 pieces of board to fix their position.
• Installation of rafters. We install the rafter legs next to the beams at an angle. To form a corner, we use either wall brackets pre-screwed to supporting structure the main building, or short reference drains installed on the piping.
• We arrange a continuous crate along the rafters, overlap it with waterproofing, lay the coating.

The final stages are carried out in the traditional sequence. We cover the garage, arrange a jamb for the gate and hang the gate.

An overview of options for the construction of a shed roof with a detailed study of construction technology will help to build a reliable structure with your own hands or guarantee proper control of the work of hired builders.