1. Water and aqueous solutions

No one may doubt that the water is the most famous substance for extinguishing fire. The element opposing fire has a number of advantages, such as high specific heat, hidden heat of vaporization, chemical inertness to most substances and materials, availability and low cost.

However, on a par with the advantages of water, its disadvantages should be taken into account, namely, low wetting ability, high electrical conductivity, insufficient adhesion to the extinguishing object, as well as, which is important, applying significant harm to the building.

The extinguishing of fire from the fire hose straight jet is not the best way to fight fire, since the bulk volume does not participate in the process, only fuel cooling occurs, sometimes you can achieve a breakdown of the flame. Increase the efficiency of extinguishing the flame, it is possible to spray water, however, the costs of obtaining water dust and its delivery to the heart rate will increase. In our country, the jet of water, depending on the average diameter, the drops are divided into sprayed (diameter of drops of more than 150 μm) and thin (less than 150 microns).

What is so effectively spraying water? With this method of extinguishing, a fuel cooling occurs by diluting the gases with water vapor, in addition, a thin jet with a diameter of droplets is less than 100 μm is able to cool and the chemical reaction zone itself.

To increase the penetrating capacity of water, so-called water solutions with wethers are used. Additives also apply:
- water-soluble polymers to increase adhesion to the burning object ("viscous water");
- polyoxyethylene to increase the throughput of pipelines ("slippery water", abroad "Fast water");
- inorganic salts to increase extinguishing efficiency;
- antifreeze and salts to reduce water freezing.

It is impossible to use water to extinguish substances that enter into chemical reactions, as well as toxic, combustible and corrosive gases. These substances are many metals, organometallic compounds, carbides and hydrides of metals, hot carbon and iron. Thus, in no case do not use water, as well as aqueous solutions with such materials:
- aluminumorganic compounds (reaction with explosion);
- lithiumorganic compounds; azide lead; alkali metal carbides; hydrides of a number of metals - aluminum, magnesium, zinc; calcium carbides, aluminum, barium (decomposition with separation of combustible gases);
- sodium hydrosulfite (self-burning);
- sulfuric acid, termites, titanium chloride (strong exothermic effect);
- bitumen, sodium peroxide, fats, oils, petrolatum (enhancing combustion as a result of emissions, splashing, boiling).

And also, it is impossible to use jets to extinguish dust to avoid the formation of an explosive environment. Also when extinguishing petroleum products can occur, spraying of the burning substance.

2. Sprinkler and dramet fire extinguishing installations

2.1. Purpose and installation device

Installation of water, foam low multiplicity, as well as water fire extinguishing with a wetterifier are divided into:

- Sprinkler installations Used for local fire extinguishing and cooling building structures. Usually used in rooms in which the fire is possible with the allocation of a large amount of heat.

- Drencher Installations are meant to extinguish the fire throughout the specified area, as well as create water veil. They irrigate the focus of fire in a protective room, receiving a signal from fire detection devices, which makes it possible to eliminate the cause of fire in the early stages, faster than sprinkler systems.

Fire extinguishing installation data are most common. They are used to protect warehouses, shopping centers, premises for the production of hot natural and synthetic resins, plastics, rubber products, cable ropes, etc. Modern terms and definitions in relation to Water AUP are given in the NPB 88-2001.

The installation contains a water source 14 (external water supply), the main waterproof (working pump 15) and the automatic water pressure 16. The latter is a hydropneumatic tank (hydropneum-buck), which is filled with water through the pipeline with valve 11.
For example, the installation scheme contains two different sections: a water-compounded section with a control unit (UU) 18 under the pressure of the water terminator 16 and the air section with UU 7, the pipelines supplying 2 and the distribution 1 of which are filled with compressed air. Air is injected with a compressor 6 through the check valve 5 and the valve 4.

The sprinkler installation is activated automatically when the room temperature is raised to a specified level. The fire detector is the heat castle of the sprinkler rink (sprinkler). The presence of the lock ensures the sealing of the irrigator outlet. At the beginning, sprinklers are included above the hearth ignition, resulting in a pressure of distribution 1 and the supply 2 wires, the corresponding UU and water from the automatic water holder 16 on the supply pipe 9 is allowed to be quenched through the sprinklers opened. The fire signal is generated by an 8 yoo signaling device. The control device 12 when receiving a signal turns on the operating pump 15, and when it fails, the backup pump 13. When the pump is output to the specified operation mode, the automatic water holder 16 is turned off using the reverse valve 10.

Consider Read more Features of the Drencher Installation:

It does not contain a heat lock as a sprinkler, therefore, it is supplied with additional fire detection devices.

Automatic inclusion provides a motive pipeline 16, which is filled with water under the pressure of the auxiliary water terminator 23 (for unheated premises instead of water uses compressed air). For an example in the first section to the pipeline 16, the wake-up-launchers 6 are connected to the pipeline, which are closed with a cable with heat locks 7. In the second section, distribution pipes with sprinkler irrigators are connected to a similar pipeline 16.

The outlet holes of the drainuclear rods are open, therefore the feed 11 and distributive 9 pipelines are filled with atmospheric air (dry pipe). The supply pipe 17 is filled with water under the pressure of the auxiliary water terminal 23, which is a hydropneum-buck filled with water and compressed air. The air pressure is controlled using an electrocontact pressure gauge 5. On this election, the water source is selected by an open water 21, the water fence from which is carried out by pumps 22 or 19 through the filter pipe 20.

UU 13 of the drainscaline installation contains a hydraulic drive, as well as a pressure pressure signaling 14 type 14.

Automatic switching on the installation is made as a result of the triggering of sprinkler irrichers 10 or the destruction of heat locks 7, the pressure in the motivative pipeline 16 and the hydraulic zode of the UU 13 is dropped. The Valve UU 13 opens under the pressure of water in the supply pipe 17. Water enters draincore ripening and irrigation. Installation section.

Manual Start of Drencher Installation is made using ball crane 15. Sprinkler Installation cannot be turned on automatically, because Unauthorized water supply from fire extinguishing systems will lead to a large damage to the protected room in the absence of a fire. Consider a scheme of a sprinkler installation that allows you to eliminate similar false responses:

The installation contains sprinkler rods on the distribution pipe 1, which under operating conditions is filled with compressed air to the pressure of about 0.7 kgf / cm2 with a compressor 3. Air pressure controls the alarm 4, which is installed before the check valve 7 with the drain valve 10.

The installation of the installation contains a valve 8 with a membrane-type shut-off organ, a pressure pressure or fluid alarm 9, as well as a valve 15. Under operating conditions, the valve 8 is closed with water pressure, which enters the valve pressure pipe 8 from the water source 16 through the open valve 13 and choke 12. Starting pipe is connected to a manual start-up crane 11 and with a drain valve 6, equipped with electrical drive. The installation also contains technical means (TC) automatic fire alarm (APS) - fire detectors and receiving and control instrument 2, as well as a starting device 5.

The pipeline between valves 7 and 8 is filled with air pressure close to atmospheric, which ensures the performance of the shut-off valve 8 (Main Valve).

Mechanical damage that can cause a disruption of the tightness of the distribution pipe unit of the installation or thermal lock, will not cause water supply, because 8 closed valve. When the pressure is reduced in the pipeline 1 to 0.35 kgf / cm2, the alarm 4 generates an alarm signal about the malfunction (depressurization) of the distribution pipe 1 of the installation.

False APS response will also not lead to system triggering. The control signal from the APS using the electric drive will open the drain valve 6 on the start-up pipeline of the shut-off valve 8, as a result of which the latter will open. Water will go into the distribution pipe 1, where he will stop in front of the closed thermal locks of sprinkler rods.

When designing AVUP, the APS TC is selected so that the innernity of sprinkler irrichers is higher. This is done in order. In order for the APS Fire, the APS has been triggered earlier and opened the shut-off valve 8. Next, the water will go into the pipeline 1 and fill it. This means that by the time of the triggering of the rod, the water is already in front of him.

It is important to clarify that the filing of the first anxiety signal from the APS allows you to quickly eliminate small fires with the means of primary fire extinguishing (such as fire extinguishers).

2.2. Composition of the technological part of the sprinkler and drainage plants of water fire extinguishing

2.2.1. Source of water supply

The source of water supply system is a water supply, a fire tank or reservoir.

2.2.2. Waters
In accordance with the NPB 88-2001, the main water consumption ensures the operation of the fire extinguishing installation with a given pressure and water flow or an aqueous solution during the calculated time.

Water supply source (water supply, reservoir, etc.) can be used as the main water console, if it can provide the estimated flow and water pressure during the required time. Before entering the main water regimer, the pipeline pressure is automatically provided auxiliary watelling. As a rule, it is a hydropneumatic tank (hydropneum-buck), which is equipped with float and safety valves, level sensors, visual levels, pipelines for the release of water when fire extinguishing, devices for creating the necessary air pressure.

The automatic water holder provides pressure in the pipeline required to respond to the control nodes. Such a water holder can be water pipes with a necessary guaranteed pressure, a hydropneumatic tank, jockey pump.

2.2.3. Control node (UU) - This is a combination pipe fittings with locking and signaling devices and measuring instruments. They are intended to run fire installation and control over its performance, located between the supply and supply pipelines of the installations.
Control nodes provide:
- water supply (foaming solutions) to extinguishing fires;
- filling the supply and distribution pipelines with water;
- draining water from feed and distribution pipelines;
- compensation for leaks from the hydraulic system of the AUP;
- checking alarm on their triggering;
- alarm when the signal valve is triggered;
- Measurement of pressure before and after the control node.

Heat castle As part of the sprinkler sprinkler, it is triggered by increasing the temperature in the room to a specified level.
The thermally sensitive element here are fuse, or explosive elements, such as glass flasks. Locks are also being developed with an elastic element of "form memory".

The principle of operation of the lock using a fusible element is to use two metal plates, soldered with a light-melting point, which loses strength when increasing the temperature, as a result of which the lever system comes out of equilibrium, and opens the rod valve.

But the use of a felting element has a number of disadvantages, such as the exposure of the low-melting element of corrosion, as a result of which it becomes fragile, and this may entail the spontaneous operation of the mechanism (especially in vibration conditions).

Therefore, the irrigances using glass flask are increasingly used. They are technologically in manufacturing, racks to external influences, the prolonged effect of temperatures close to the nominal value do not affect their reliability, resistant to vibration or sharp pressure fluctuations in the plumbing network.

Below is a scheme of the design of the rod with an explosive element - collab S.D. Bogoslovsky:

1 - fitting; 2 - arms; 3 - socket; 4 - clamping screw; 5 - cap; 6 - thermocolb; 7 - diaphragm

The thermocolb has nothing but a thin-walled hermetically closed ampoule, inside which is a heat-sensitive fluid, for example, methylcrbitol. This substance under the action of high temperatures is vigorously expanding, increasing the pressure in the flask, which leads to its explosion.

Nowadays, the thermocolb are the most popular heat-sensitive element of sprinkler rods. Most often there are thermocolb firms "Job GMBN" type G8, G5, F5, F4, F3, F5, F5, F4, F3, F 2.5 and F1.5, "Day-Impex Lim" type di 817, di 933, di 937, di 950, di 984 and di 941, Geissler type G and "Norbert Job" type Norbulb. There is information about mastering the release of thermocolb in Russia and the company "GRINNELL" (USA).

Zone I. - It is a Job G8 and JOB G5 thermocolhead for work under normal conditions.
Zone II. - It is a f5 and f4 thermocolhead for rods placed in niches or secretly.
Zone III. - It is a f3 thermocolhead for sprinkler rods in residential premises, as well as in rods with an increased irrigation area; Thermocolb F2.5; F2 and F1.5 - for the rods, the response time of which should be minimal under the conditions of application (for example, in stools with fine spraying, with an increased irrigation area and strokes intended for use in the warning installations of explosions). Such rods, as a rule, label FAST RESPONSE.

Note: The digit after the letter F usually corresponds to the diameter of the thermocolb in mm.

List of documents that regulate the requirements, application and methods of testing irriments
GOST R 51043-97
NPB 87-2000.
NPB 88-2001
NPB 68-98
The designation structure and marking of the rods in accordance with GOST R 51043-97 is shown below.

Note: For draincore irrigation pose. 6 and 7 do not indicate.

The main technical parameters of the rods general purpose

Type of rope	Conditional diameter of the outlet, mm	Outdoor connecting thread R.	Minimum operating pressure in front of the irrichr, MPa	Protected area, m2, not less	The average irrigation intensity, l / (С · m2), not less
					0,020 (>0,028)
					0,04 (>0,056)
					0,05 (>0,070)

Notes:
(Text) - Editorial Board GOST R.
1. The specified parameters (protected area, the average irrigation intensity) are shown when installing rods at an altitude of 2.5 m from the floor level.
2. For rods of mounting location B, H, in the area protected by one rod, should have a circle form, and for the location of G, GW, GN, GU - the form of a rectangle with a size of at least 4x3 m.
3. It is not limited to the size of the outer connecting thread for rods having an outlet, the shape of which is different from the shape of the circle, and the maximum linear size exceeding 15 mm, as well as for rods intended for pneumatic and mass conductions, and special purpose rosters.

The protected area of \u200b\u200birrigation is taken equal to the area, the specific consumption and uniformity of the irrigation of which is not lower than the installed or regulatory.

The presence of a heat lock imposes on the sprinkler irrigances, some time limits and limit response temperature.

The following requirements are set for irriments:
Rated temperature of response - The temperature at which the thermal lock responses occurs, water flow occurs. Installed and indicated in the standard or technical documentation For this product
Rated response time - The timing of the sprinkler sprinkler specified in the technical documentation
Conditional response time - time from the moment of action on the sprinkler sprinkler temperature exceeding the rated 30 ° C, before activating the thermal lock.

Rated temperature, conditional response time and color marking of sprinkler sprinklers according to GOST R 51043-97, NPB 87-2000 and the planned GOST R are presented in the table:

Rated temperature, conditional response time and color marking of sprinkler rods

Temperature, ° С		Conditional response time, with, no more	The marking color of the fluid in a glass thermal oil (discontinuous heat sensitive element) or an irrigator alphabet (with a melting and elastic thermal sensitive element)
nominal response	limit deviation
			Orange
			Purple
			Purple

Notes:
1. At the rated temperature of the thermal lock from 57 to 72 ° C, the arms of the rods is allowed not to be painted.
2. When used as a heat-sensitive element of the thermocolb, the rushing is allowed not to be painted.
3. "*" - only in the rods with a fusible thermal sensitive element.
4. "#" - rods with fusible and discontinuous heat-sensitive element (thermocolby).
5. Not marked with "*" and "#" values \u200b\u200bof the nominal temperature of the triggering - the thermo-sensitive element is the thermocolb.
6. GOST R 51043-97 there are no temperatures of 74 * and 100 * ° C.

Elimination of fires with high heat generation intensity. It turned out that ordinary rods installed on large warehouses, for example, plastic materials do not cope due to the fact that powerful heat fluxes are carrying fine water drops. From the 60s to the 80s of the last century in Europe, sprinkler rods with a hole 17/32 were used to extinguish such fires, and after the 80s, it was transferred to the use of rods with super-high hole (ELO), ESFR and "large drops". Such irrigances are capable of producing water drops penetrating through the convective stream, which occurs in a warehouse room with a powerful fire. Outside of our country, the sprinkler media type ELOs are used to protect the plastics packaged to the cardboard at an altitude of about 6 m (except for flammable aerosols).

Another quality of the ELO irrigation is that it is capable of functioning at low water pressure in the pipeline. Sufficient pressure can be provided in many water sources without the use of pumps, which affects the cost of the rods.

ESFR type rods are recommended to protect various products, including those packed in cardboard not foamed plastic materials stored at an altitude of up to 10, 7 m with an elevation of a room to 12.2 m. Such quality quality, as a rapid response to the development of fire and intensive stream Water allows you to use a smaller number of irrigators, which has a positive effect on a decrease in the expendable water and damage.

For premises where technical structures violate the interior of the room were developed the following types of rods:
In-depth - rods, housing or arms of which are partially hidden in the deepening of the suspended ceiling or the wall panel;
Counted - sprinkles in which the housing of the arrangement and partially thermo-sensitive element are in the deepening of the suspended ceiling or the wall panel;
Hidden - Ripers closed with decorative lid

The principle of operation of such rods is shown below. After the cover is triggered, the rosette of the rink under its own weight and exposure to the jet of water from the rod from two guides is lowered down at such a distance so that the recess in the ceiling in which the rod is mounted, did not affect the nature of water propagation.

In order not to increase the response time of the AUP, the melting temperature of the decorative cover is installed below the operating temperature of the rink system, so in the fire conditions, the decorative element will not prevent the heat flow to the heat flow of the rod.

Designing sprinkler and dramet water fire extinguishing installations.

Detailed features of the design of the water-paper AUU are painted in a textbook. In it, you will find the features of the creation of sprinkler and drainagecaric water-optic AUP, the installation of fire extinguishing with thin water, AUP to preserve high-altitude rack warehouses, calculation rules of the AUP, examples.

Also in the manual sets out the main provisions of modern NTD for each region of Russia. A detailed consideration is subject to the presentation of the rules for the development of a technical task for designing, the formulation of the main provisions in coordination and approval of this task.

The textbook also discusses the content and rules for the design of the work project, including an explanatory note.

To simplify your task, we give the design algorithm classical Installation Water fire extinguishing in a simplified form:

1. According to the NPB 88-2001, it is necessary to establish a group of premises (production or technological process), depending on its functional purpose and fire load of combustible materials.

Choose the answer, for which the effectiveness of the extinguishing of combustible materials focused in protected objects, water, aqueous or foam solution according to the NPB 88-2001 (ch. 4). Check the compatibility of materials in a protected room with a selected AT - the absence of possible chemical reactions with AT, followed by an explosion, a strong exothermic effect, self-burning, and the like.

2. With regard to fire danger (The rate of flame propagation) is chosen the type of fire extinguishing installation - sprinkler, draincore or the AUP is finely sprayed (sprayed) water.
The automatic switching on the drakecane settings is carried out by signals from the fire alarm installations, a motion system with thermal locks or sprinkled irrigances, as well as from process equipment sensors. Drunk installations can be electric, hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical or combined.

3. For sprinkler AUP, depending on the temperature of the operation, the installation type is set - the water-filled (5 ° C and higher) or air. Note that in the NPB 88-2001, the use of water-air AUP is not provided.

4. According to Ch. 4 NPB 88-2001 take irrigation intensity and an area protected by one rink, an area for calculating water consumption and the estimated installation time of the installation.
If water is used with an additive of a wetting agent based on a general purpose foaming agent, then the irrigation intensity is taken 1.5 times less than for water AUP.

5. According to the passport data of the rod, taking into account the coefficient of useful use of the consumed water, the pressure is set, which must be provided from the "dictating" rod (the most remote or highly located), and the distance between the rods (including ch. 4 NPB 88-2001).

6. The estimated water consumption for sprinkler systems is determined from the condition of the simultaneous operation of all sprinkler rods on the protected area (see Table. 1 ch. 4 NPB 88-2001,), taking into account the efficiency of the water used and the fact that the consumption of sprinklers installed along Distribution pipes increases as they devote from the "dictating" rod.
Water consumption for dramet installations is calculated from the condition for the simultaneous work of all drainuclear rods in the protected storage room (5, 6 and 7th of the Protection object). The area of \u200b\u200bpremises 1, 2, 3 and 4 groups to determine water consumption and the number of simultaneously working sections are found depending on the technological data.

7. For warehouse (5, 6 and 7th Group of protection of the NPB 88-2001) The intensity of irrigation depends on the height of the storage of materials.
For the reception area, packaging and shipping in warehouses A height from 10 to 20 m with a high-grade storage of the intensity value and the protected area for calculating the water consumption, the foaming solution in groups 5, 6 and 7, given in the NPB 88-2001, increase in the calculation of 10% for every 2 m height.
The total consumption of water on the internal fire extinguishing of high-altitude rack warehouses is taken to the greatest total consumption in the rack storage area or in the reception area, packaging, configuration and shipment of goods.
At the same time, it is certainly taken into account that volume and planning and constructive decisions Warehouses must match and SNiP 2.11.01-85, for example, racks are equipped with horizontal screens, etc.

8. Based on the calculated flow of water and the duration of fire extinguishing the calculated amount of water. Determine the capacity of fire tanks (reservoirs), while take into account the possibility of automatic replenishment with water for the entire extinguishing time.
The calculated amount of water is stored in various-purpose tanks if devices are installed that prevent the flow of the specified volume of water to other needs.
At least two fire tanks should be installed. It should be noted that in each of them should be stored at least 50% of the water for fire extinguishing, and water supply to any point of fire is provided from two neighboring tanks (reservoirs).
With the calculated volume of water to 1000 m3, it is permissible to store water in one tank.
Free entry of fire trucks with lightweight road coating should be created for fire tanks, water bodies and waste wells. The location of fire tanks (reservoirs) can be found in GOST 12.4.009-83.

9. In accordance with the selected type of the irrigation, its flow rate, the intensity of irrigation and the area protected by it are developing plans for placing the irriments and the path of the pipeline network tracing. For clarity, the axonometric scheme of the pipeline network is depicted.
It is important to take into account the following:

9.1. At the limits of one protected room, single-type rods should be placed with the same diameter of the outlet.
The distance between sprinkler irrigances or thermal locks in the motivating system is defined by the NPB 88-2001. Depending on the room group, it is 3 or 4 m. Exceptions are only irrigances under boyful overlaps with protruding parts of more than 0.32 m (at the class of fire hazard overlap (coating) K0 and K1) or 0.2 m (in other cases). In such situations, the rods are established between the repellent parts of the overlap, given the uniform irrigation of the floor.

In addition, it is necessary to establish additional sprinkler rods or drainage rods with a motivating system for obstacles (technological platforms, box, etc.) with a width or diameter of more than 0.75 m, located at an altitude of more than 0.7 m from the floor.

The best indicators of the speed were obtained when placing an area of \u200b\u200bthe rod of the roser perpendicular to the airflow; With a different placement of the rod by shielding the thermocolb, the trigger time from the air flow increases.

The rods are installed in such a way that the water from one rod does not hurt the neighboring. The minimum distance between adjacent rods under the smooth overlap should not exceed 1.5 m.

The distance between the sprinkler rods and walls (partitions) should not be more than half the distance between the rods and depends on the slope of the coating, as well as the fire hazard class wall or coating.
The distance from the plane of the overlapping (coatings) to the rosette of the sprinkler irrichrine or the thermal lock of the cable promotion system should be 0.08 ... 0.4 m, and before the irrigator reflector installed horizontally relative to its type axis - 0.07 ... 0.15 m.
Placing rods for suspended ceilings - in accordance with TD on this species roser.

Drencher rods are located taking into account their technical characteristics and irrigation cards to ensure the uniform irrigation of the protected area.
Sprinkler rods in water-based installations are installed up or down sockets, in air - outlets only up. The sprinklers with horizontal reflector arrangement are used in any configuration of the sprinkler installation.

If there is a danger of mechanical damage, the rods are protected by covers. The design of the casing is chosen so as to eliminate the decrease in the area and the intensity of irrigation below the regulatory values.
Features of placing rods to obtain water curtains are described in detail in the aids.

9.2. Pipelines are designing steel pipes: according to GOST 10704-91 - with welded and flange compounds, according to GOST 3262-75 - with welded, flange, threaded compounds, as well as according to GOST R 51737-2001 - with plug-in piping couplings only for water filled sprinkler installations for pipes with a diameter of no more than 200 mm.

Side pipelines are allowed to design deadlocks, only if the design contains no more than three control nodes and the length of the external dead-end wire is not more than 200m. In other cases, submission pipelines are created by ring and divided into areas of the valves at the rate of up to 3 controls in the area.

Stall and ring powered pipelines are equipped with flushing valves, shutters or diameter cranes conditional passage not less than 50 mm. Such locking devices are supplied with plugs and are installed at the end of a dead-end pipe or in the most remote location site - for ring pipelines.

Valves or shutters mounted on ring pipelines must pass water in both directions. Availability and purpose shut-off reinforcement NPB 88-2001 is regulated on the supply and distribution pipelines.

On one branch of the distribution pipeline of installations, as a rule, no more than six rods with a diameter of the outlet to 12 mm are inclusive and no more than four rods with a diameter of the outlet of more than 12 mm.

In the draincalcal AUP, feed and distribution pipelines are allowed to fill with water or aqueous solution to the top of the most lowered irrigator in this section. In the presence of special caps or plugs on drakecane rods, pipelines can be filled completely. Such caps (plugs) should release the outlet of the water pressure (aqueous solution) when the AUP is triggered.

It is necessary to provide thermal insulation of water-based pipelines laid in the places of their possible freezing, for example, above the gate or doorways. If necessary, provide additional devices for water descent.

In some cases, it is possible to connect to the feed pipelines internal fire cranes with manual trunks and drainage rods with a motivating system of inclusion, and drainage curtains for irrigation of door and technological openings are possible to feed and distribution pipelines.
As mentioned earlier, the design of pipelines from plastic pipes has a number of features. Such pipelines are design only for water-filled AUP technical conditionsdesigned for a specific object and agreed with the GUGPS EMERCOM of Russia. Pipes must be tested in FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia.

The average service life in the fire extinguishing installations of the plastic pipeline should be at least 20 years. Pipes are installed only in the rooms of categories in, g and d, and in the installations of external fire extinguishing them is prohibited. The installation of plastic tubes is envisaged both open and hidden (in the space of raised-platforms). Pipes are placed in rooms with a range of temperatures from 5 to 50 ° C, the distance from the pipelines to heat sources is limited. Intorane pipelines on the walls of the buildings are 0.5 m above or below the window openings.
Intorane pipelines made of plastic pipes is forbidden to launch transit through rooms that perform administrative, household and economic functions, distribution devices, electrical installations, control panels and automation systems, ventilation chambers, thermal points, stair cells, corridors, etc.

On the branches of distribution plastic pipelines, sprinkler rods with a response temperature of not more than 68 ° C are used. At the same time, in the rooms of categories B1 and B2, the diameter of the bursting flasks of irrigances does not exceed 3 mm, for the premises of categories B3 and B4 - 5 mm.

With open placement of sprinkler rods, the distance between them should not be greater than 3m, for the wall-mounted permissible distance is 2.5 m.

With a hidden placement of the system, the plastic pipeline is hidden ceiling panelswhose flame resistance is EL 15.
Working pressure in the plastic pipeline must be at least 1.0 MPa.

9.3 Pipeline network should be divided into a fire extinguishing section - a set of feed and separating pipelines, on which the rods attached to a common control unit (UU) are placed.

The number of rods of all types in one section of the sprinkler installation should not exceed 800, and the total pipeline capacity (for air sprinkler only) is 3.0 m3. The capacity of the pipeline can be increased to 4.0 m3 when using UU with accelerator or exhauster.

To exclude false response signals, a delay chamber is used before the pressure signaling device UU sprinkler installation.

To protect multiple rooms or floors in one section of the sprinkler system, it is possible to install fluid flow signaling devices on feed pipelines, with the exception of ring. In this case, shut-off valves must be installed, information about which you will find in the NPB 88-2001. This is done to issue a signal specifying the place of ignition and inclusion of alert and smoke removal systems.

The fluid flow warning device can be applied as a signal valve in a water-filled sprinkler unit if it is set to the check valve.
The Sprinkler Installation section with 12 and more fire cranes should have two inputs.

10. Drawing up hydraulic calculation.

The main task here is to determine the consumption of water to each irrigator and the diameter of various parts of the fire pipeline. The incorrect calculation of the AUP distribution network (insufficient water consumption) often becomes the cause of inefficient fire extinguishing.

In hydraulic calculations, it is necessary to solve 3 tasks:

a) Determine the pressure at the inlet into the opposite water supply line (on the axis of the pump of the pump or another waterproof), if the calculated water consumption is given, the pipeline trace circuit, their length and diameter, as well as the type of reinforcement. First of all, the pressure loss should be determined when the water moves through the pipeline at a given estimated course, and after determining the pump brand (or another type of water source) capable of providing the necessary pressure.

b) determine the water consumption for a given pressure at the beginning of the pipeline. In this case, the calculation should be started with the determination of the hydraulic resistance of each element of the pipeline, as a result, establish the estimated water consumption depending on the pressure obtained at the beginning of the pipeline.

c) Determine the diameters of the pipeline and other elements of the pipeline protective system based on the calculated water consumption and pressure loss along the pipeline length.

In NPB allowances 59-97, NPB 67-98 details the methods for calculating the required pressure in the rink with an installed irrigation intensity. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account that when the pressure changes in front of the irrigation, the irrigation area can how to increase, decrease or remain unchanged.

The formula for calculating the necessary pressure at the beginning of the pipeline after the pump for a general case is as follows:

where Rg is the pressure loss on the horizontal section of the AB pipeline;
RV - pressure loss on the vertical part of the database pipeline;


RO - pressure from the "dictating" rod;
Z is the geometric height of the "dictating" rod over the pump axis.

1 - water vehicle;
2 - irrigation;
3 - control nodes;
4 - Supporting pipeline;
RG - pressure loss on the horizontal section of the AB Pipeline;
PV - pressure loss on the vertical part of the database pipeline;
PM - pressure loss in local resistances (fittings B and D);
Ruu - local resistance in the control node (signal valve, valves, shutters);
RO - pressure from the "dictating" rod;
Z - the geometric height of the "dictating" rod over the pump axis

The maximum pressure in the pipelines of water and foaming installations is not more than 1.0 mp.
Hydraulic pressure losses P in pipelines are determined by the formula:

where L is the length of the pipeline, m; k - pressure loss per unit of pipeline length (hydraulic bias), q - water consumption, l / s.

Hydraulic bias are determined from the expression:

where A is a specific resistance, depending on the diameter and roughness of the walls, x 106 m6 / C2; KM is the specific characteristics of the pipeline, M6 / C2.

As the operating experience shows, the nature of the change of pipe roughness depends on the composition of water dissolved in it, the operating mode, service life, etc.

Value specific resistance And the specific hydraulic characteristics of pipelines for pipes of various diameters are given in the NPB 67-98.

Estimated water flow (foaming solution) Q, L / s, through the irrigation (foam generator):

where k is the performance coefficient of the irrimization (foam generator) in accordance with the TD on the product; P - pressure in front of the rod (foam generator), MPa.

Productivity coefficient to (in foreign literature Synonym for productivity coefficient- "Q-factor") is a cumulative complex, depending on the cost of the flow rate and the area of \u200b\u200bthe outlet:

where k is the consumption coefficient; F - Outlet area; Q is an acceleration of free fall.

In the practice of hydraulic design of water and foam AUP, the performance of the productivity coefficient is usually carried out from the expression:

where q is the flow of water or solution through the rod; P - pressure in front of the rod.
Dependencies between performance coefficients are expressed by the following approximate expression:

Therefore, with hydraulic calculations on the NPB 88-2001, the value of the performance coefficient in accordance with international and national standards should be taken equal to:

However, it is necessary to take into account that not all the dispersible water comes directly into the protected zone.

The figure shows the epira of affecting the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. On a circle area with radius RIrequires the required or regulatory value of irrigation intensity, and on the area of \u200b\u200bthe circle radius Rornos All fire extinguishing agent dispersed by the rod is distributed.
Mutual arrangement of rods can be represented by two schemes: in a chess or square order

a - chess; B - Square

Placing the rods in a checker order is beneficial in cases where the linear dimensions of the controlled zone are multiple with Ri radius or the residue of no more than 0.5 Ri, and almost all water consumption falls on the protected zone.

In this case, the configuration of the calculated area has the appended in the circumference of the correct hexagon, the shape of which is striving to the irrigated system of the area of \u200b\u200bthe circle. With this location, the most intensive irrigation of the sides is created. But with the square arrangement of the rods, the zone of their interaction increases.

According to the NPB 88-2001, the distance between the irrigances depends on the groups of protected premises and is not more than 4 m for some groups, for others - no more than 3 m.

Only 3 ways to place the rods on the distribution pipeline are real.

Symmetrical

Symmetrically swollen (B)

Asymmetric (b)

The figure shows the schemes of three ways of laying the rods, consider them in more detail:

A - section with a symmetric arrangement of rods;
B - section with the asymmetric arrangement of the rods;
In - section with a dropped feed pipeline;
I, II, III - rows of the distribution pipeline;
a, b ... јn, m - nodal settlement points

For each fire extinguishing section, we find the most remote and highly located protected zone, the hydraulic calculation will be carried out precisely for this zone. The P1 pressure of the "dictator" of the irrigator 1, located on and above other system rods should not be lower:

where q is the flow through the irrigation; K - productivity coefficient; Rmin Rab - Minimum permissible pressure For this type of irrigator.

The flow rate of the first irrigator 1 is the calculated value of Q1-2 on the L1-2 section between the first and second irrigator. P1-2 pressure losses on the L1-2 section are determined by the formula:

where CT is the specific characteristics of the pipeline.

Consequently, the pressure of the rod 2:

Ryster 2 consumption will be:

The estimated consumption on the site between the second irrigator and the point "A", i.e., on the section "2-A" will be equal to:

The diameter of the pipeline D, M, is determined by the formula:

where q is water consumption, m3 / s; θ is the speed of water, m / s.

The speed of water in water pipelines and foaming AUP should not exceed 10 m / s.
The diameter of the pipeline is expressed in millimeters and increase the nearest value specified in the ND.

According to the flow of water Q2-A, determine the loss of pressure on the section "2-A":

Pressure at the point "A" is equal

From here we obtain: for the left branch of 1 row of section A, it is necessary to ensure the flow rate Q2-A at the pressure of the Republic of Armenia. The right branch of the row is symmetric left, so the flow for this branch will also be q2-a, therefore, the pressure of the point "A" will be equal to the RA.

As a result, for 1 row, we have a pressure equal to RA, and water consumption:

Row 2 is calculated by hydraulic characteristic:

where L is the length of the settlement section of the pipeline, m.

Since the hydraulic characteristics of the rows, made structurally equally, are equal, the characteristic of the row II is determined by the generalized characteristic of the computational portion of the pipeline:

Water consumption from the row 2 is determined by the formula:

All the following rows are calculated similarly to the calculation of the second to obtain the result of the calculated consumption of water. The general consumption is calculated from the terms of the specification of the required number of irrigators required to protect the calculated area, including if necessary, the installation of irriments under technological equipment, ventilation boxes Or platforms that prevent the irrigation of the protected area.

The estimated area is taken depending on the room group according to the NPB 88-2001.

Due to the fact that the pressure in each rink is different (at the most remote rod - minimal pressure), it is also necessary to take into account various water consumption from each rod with the corresponding efficiency of water.

Therefore, the estimated consumption of AUP should be determined by the formula:

where QAPU - Current consumption of AUP, L / C; qN. - consumption of the N-th rider, l / s; fN. - the coefficient of use of consumption at the estimated pressure from the N-th rope; iN. - the average irrigation intensity of the N-M irrigation (no less normalized irrigation intensity; SN. - The regulatory area of \u200b\u200birrigation by each rod with normalized intensity.

An annular network is calculated similar to a dead-end network, but at 50% of the calculated water consumption for each semiring.
From the point "M" to the water collectors calculate the pressure loss in pipes in length and taking into account local resistances, including in control nodes (signal valves, valves, shutters).

With exemplary calculations, all local resistances are taken equal to 20% of the resistance of the pipeline network.

Power loss in UU installations RoU. (m) are determined by the formula:

where yy - the pressure loss coefficient in the control unit (accepted on TD on the control unit as a whole or on each signal valve, the shutter or valve individually); Q. - Estimated water consumption or foaming solution through the control unit.

The calculation is made so that the pressure in the UU has more than 1 MPa.

Approximate distribution row diameters can be set by the number of installed rods. The table below shows the dependence between the most common diameters of the distribution row pipes, the pressure and the number of installed sprinkler rods.

The most common error in the hydraulic calculation of distribution and feed pipelines is to determine the cost Q. according to the formula:

where i. and For. - Accordingly, the intensity and area of \u200b\u200birrigation for calculating the consumption received by the NPB 88-2001.

This formula cannot be applied because, as already mentioned above, the intensity in each rink differs from the rest. It turns out this due to the fact that in any installations with large quantity Pressure loss in the system of pipelines occur simultaneously. Because of this, the flow rate, as well as the irrigation intensity of each part of the system is different. As a result, the rod, located closer to the nutritional pipeline, has a greater pressure, and in effect and greater water consumption. The specified irrigation irrigation illustrates the hydraulic calculation of the rows, which consist of consistently located rods.

d - diameter, mm; L is the length of the pipe-wire, m; 1-14 - ordinal numbers of rods

Values \u200b\u200bof consumption and pressure in rows

Row Country Scheme number

Diameter of pipes of plots, mm

Pressure, M.

R / s rope

The total consumption of a row, l / s

Uniform irrigation QP6 \u003d 6Q1

Uneven irrigation QF6 \u003d QNS

Notes:
1. The first calculation scheme consists of rods with holes with a diameter of 12 mm with a specific characteristic of 0.141 m6 / C2; The distance between the rods is 2.5 m.
2. The calculated circuits of the rows 2-5 are rows from the rods with a hole with a diameter of 12.7 mm with a specific characteristic of 0.154 m6 / C2; The distance between the rods is 3 m.
3. Through P1 indicates the calculated pressure in front of the rod, and through
P7 is the calculated pressure in the row.

For calculated scheme №1 Water consumption q6. from the sixth rod (located near the nutritional pipeline) is 1.75 times more than water consumption q1. From the final irrigator. If the condition of the uniform operation of all system rods was carried out, the total water consumption of QP6 would be multiplying the water consumption of the irrimber on the number of row of row: QP6.= 0.65 · 6 \u003d 3.9 l / s.

If the supply of water from the rods was uneven, the total water consumption QF6According to the approximate tab of the calculation method, it would be calculated by consistently adding expenses; It is 5.5 l / s, which is 40% higher QP6.. In the second settlement scheme q6. 3.14 times more q1., but QF6 in two more times more than QP6..

Dusty increase in water consumption for irrigances, the pressure in front of which is higher than in the rest will only lead to an increase in pressure loss in the feed pipeline and, as a result, to an increase in irrigation non-uniformity.

The diameter of the pipeline is positively affected both on the decrease in the pressure drop in the network and the calculated water consumption. If you maximize the water consumption consumption for uneven operation of the rods, the cost will greatly increase construction work For water holder. This factor is decisive when determining the cost of work.

How can the uniform consumption of water be achieved, and, as a result, the uniform irrigation of the protected premises at pressures varying through the length of the pipeline? There are several available options: Device aperture, application of rods with a pipeline variable by the length of the pipeline with output holes, etc.

However, no one has canceled the existing standards (NPB 88-2001), which do not allow the placement of rods with different outlet within one protected room.

The use of the diaphragms of the documents is not regulated, since if they are installed, each rod and row have a constant flow, the calculation of the supply pipelines, the diameter of which depend on the pressure loss, the number of rods in a row of distances between them. This fact largely simplifies the hydraulic calculation of the fire extinguishing section.

Due to this, the calculation is reduced to determine the dependences of the pressure drop in the sections of the section from the diameters of the pipes. When choosing diameters of pipelines in separate areas, it is necessary to observe the condition at which the pressure loss per unit of length differ little from the middle hydraulic slope:

where k. - medium hydraulic bias; Σ. R - pressure loss in the line from the water car to the "dictating" rod, MPa; l. - The length of the settlement parts of pipelines, m.

This calculation will demonstrate that the installation capacity pumping aggregatesincurred on overcoming pressure losses in the section when applying the rods with the same flow rate, can be reduced by 4.7 times, and the volume of the invisidated water supply in the hydropneumobacker of the auxiliary water was 2.1 times. The decrease in metal consumption of pipelines at the same time will be 28%.

However, the study guide stipulates that it is impractical in front of the irrigances of the diaphragm of different diameters. The reason for this is the fact that during the operation of the AUP, the possibility of rearrangement of the diaphragms does not exclude, which significantly reduces the uniformity of irrigation.

For an internal fire-fighting separate water supply system for SNiP 2.04.01-85 * and automatic fire extinguishing installations on the NPB 88-2001, the installation of one group of pumps is allowed, subject to providing this group of q, equal to the amount of the need for each water supply system:

where QPV QAOP is the costs necessary, respectively, for the internal fire fighting water supply and the AUP water supply.

In the case of connecting fire cranes to the feed pipelines, total consumption is determined by the formula:

where QCP - Permissible consumption of fire cranes (accepted by SNiP 2.04.01-85 *, Table 1-2).

The duration of the operation of inner fire cranes, which in their composition handwater or foam fire trunks and attached to the feed pipelines of the sprinkler installation, is taken equal to its operation.

To accelerate and increase the accuracy of hydraulic calculations of sprinkler and dramet, the AUP is recommended to use computing techniques.

11. Choose a pumping unit.

What are pumping installations? In the irrigation system, they perform the function of the main waterproof and are intended to provide water (and water) AUU by the necessary pressure and expenditure of the extinguishing agent.

Select 2 types of pumping installations: basic and auxiliary.

Auxiliary are used in permanent mode until large water costs are required (for example, in sprinkler installations for the period, no more than 2-3 irrigances are triggered). If the fire takes a larger scale, then the main pumping units are launched (in NTD they are often referred to as the main fire pumps), which ensure water consumption for all irrigances. In Drencher, AUP is used, as a rule, only the main fire pumping installations.
Pump sets consist of pumping units, control cabinets and system of strapping by hydraulic and electromechanical equipment.

The pumping unit consists of a drive connected through a gear coupling with a pump (or a block of pumps), and foundation Plate (or base). A few working pump units can be installed in the AUP, which affects the required water consumption. But regardless of the number of installed units in pump system One standby must be provided.

When used in AUP, no more than three control nodes, pumping installations are allowed to design with one input and one output, in other cases - with two inputs and two outputs.
The schematic diagram of the pumping unit with two pumps, one input and one output is shown in Fig. 12; With two pumps, two inputs and two outputs - in Fig. 13; With three pumps, two inputs and two outputs - in Fig. fourteen.

Regardless of the number of pump units, the pump installation scheme should provide water supply to the feed pipe of the AUP from any input by switching the corresponding valves or shutters:

Directly through the bypass line, bypassing the pumping units;
- from any pumping unit;
- from any aggregate of pumping units.

Before and after each pump unit, set valves. This allows repair and regulatory work without disrupting the performance of the AUP. To prevent reverse water flow through pumping units or bypass line at the pump output, set check valves that can be installed and for the valve. In this case, when reinstalling the valve for repair, it will not be necessary to make a drain of water from the conductive pipeline.

As a rule, the AUP is used centrifugal pumps.
The appropriate type of pump is selected by characteristics Q-Hwhich are given in the catalogs. At the same time take into account the following data: the required pressure and submission (according to the results of the hydraulic calculation of the network), dimensions Pump and mutual orientation of suction and pressure pipes (this determines the conditions of the layout), the mass of the pump.

12. Placing the pumping station pumping.

12.1. Pumping stations are placed in separate rooms with fireproof partitions and overlaps with the limit of fire resistance Rei 45 to SNIP 21-01-97 on the first, basement or basement, or in a separate extension to the building. It is necessary to provide a permanent air temperature from 5 to 35 ° C and relative humidity not more than 80% at 25 ° C. The specified room is equipped with a working and emergency lighting on SNiP 23-05-95 and a telephone connection with a fire post's room, the entrance places the "pumping station" light panel.

12.2. The pumping station should be attributed:

According to the degree of availability of water supply - to the 1st category according to SNiP 2.04.02-84 *. The number of suction lines to the pumping station, regardless of the number and groups of installed pumps, should be at least two. Each suction line must be calculated for passing a complete consumption of water;
- for the reliability of power supply - to the 1st category according to PUE (powered from two independent sources of power supply). If it is impossible to perform this requirement allowed to be installed (except for basement) backup pumps driven from internal combustion engines.

Usually pumping stations are designed with control without permanent service personnel. It is necessary to take into account local control in the presence of automatic or remote.

Simultaneously with the inclusion of fire pumps, all other destination pumps are automatically turned off, driven into this highway and are not included in the AUP.

12.3. The dimensions of the pumping station machine should be determined based on the requirements of SNiP 2.04.02-84 * (section 12). Consider the requirements for the width of the passages.

In order to reduce the size of the pumping station in the plan, it is possible to install pumps with the right and left rotation of the shaft, and the impeller should rotate only in one direction.

12.4. The pump axis mark is determined, as a rule, based on the conditions for the installation of pump housing under the bay:

In the tank (from the upper water level (determined from the bottom) of the fire volume at one fire, medium (with two or more fires;
- in the water intake well - from the dynamic level of groundwater at the maximum water treatment;
- In watercourse or water, from the minimum water level in them: with maximum availability of estimated water levels in surface sources - 1%, with minimal - 97%.

At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the allowable vacuum height of suction (from the estimated minimum water level) or the required manufacturer required by the manufacturer, as well as pressure losses (pressure) in the suction pipe, temperature conditions and barometric pressure.

To get water from a spare tank, you must mount the pumps "under the bay". With this installation of pumps above the water level in the tank, devices for pouring pumps or self-priming pumps are used.

12.5. When used in the AUP, no more than three control nodes pumping installations are designed with one input and one output, in other cases - with two inputs and two outputs.

In the pumping station, absorption and pressure collectors are possible, in the event that this will not entail an increase in the span of the machine room.

Pipelines in pumping stations are usually performed from steel pipes on welding. Provide a continuous rise of the suction pipe to the pump with a slope of at least 0.005.

The diameters of pipes, fittings for fittings are made on the basis of a technical and economic calculation, based on the recommended velocities of the water movement specified in the table below:

Pipe diameter, mm	Water movement speed, m / s, in pumping stations pipelines
	suction	pressure
St. 250 to 800

At the pressure line, each pump requires a check valve, a valve and a pressure gauge, which is not needed on the suction check valve, and when the pump is running without a subpauor, the suction line is capable of without a valve with a pressure gauge. If the pressure in the external water supply network is less than 0.05 MPa, then before pump installation Place the receiving tank, the capacity of which is indicated in section 13 SNiP 2.04.01-85 *.

12.6. When an emergency disconnection of the working pump unit should be provided for automatic inclusion of a backup unit, powered by this highway.

The start time of fire pumps should not be more than 10 minutes.

12.7. To connect the fire extinguishing installation to a mobile fire technology, the pipelines with nozzles, which are equipped with connecting heads (if at least two fire cars are connected at the same time). The throughput capacity of the pipeline should provide the largest settlement consumption in the "dictating" section of the fire extinguishing installation section.

12.8. In the plugged and semi-breast pumping stations, measures should be taken against the possible flooding of aggregates during an accident within the machine room on the largest pump (or on the shock fittings, pipeline) in the following ways:
- the location of pumps of pumps at a height of at least 0.5 m from the floor of the machine room;
- the samotane output of the emergency amount of water into the sewer or to the surface of the earth with the valve installation or valve;
- pumping water from the pit with special or main production pumps.

It is also necessary to take measures to remove excess water from the machine room. For this, the floors and channels in the hall are mounted with a bias to the premium. On the foundations under the pumps include flights, grooves and tubes for water removal; If it is impossible to make a self-removal of water from the pit, drainage pumps should be provided.

12.9. The pumping stations of the machine room is 6-9 m and more equipped with an internal fireproof water supply system with 2.5 l / s water consumption, as well as other primary fire extinguishing agents.

13. Choose auxiliary or automatic water console.

13.1. In sprinkler and dramet installations, an automatic water console is used, usually vessel (vessels) filled with water (at least 0.5 m3) and compressed air. In sprinkler installations with connected fire cranes for buildings with a height of more than 30 m, the volume of water or solutions of the foaming agent increases to 1 m3 or more.

The main task of the water supply installed as an automatic water holder is to ensure the guaranteed pressure is numerically equal to the calculated or exceeding it, sufficient to respond to the control nodes.

You can also apply a feed pump (jockey pump) as part of which is installed not reserved intermediate container, usually membranes, with water volume more than 40l.

13.2. The volume of water of the auxiliary water holder is calculated from the conditions for ensuring the flow rate required for the drakecal installation (the total number of irrigances) and / or the sprinkler installation (per five irrigances).

It is necessary to provide an auxiliary water console for each installation with a fire pump that runs manually, which will ensure the operation of the installation with calculated pressure and water flow (foaming solution) for 10 minutes and more.

13.3. Hydraulic, pneumatic and hydropneumatic tanks (vessels, tanks, etc.) are chosen taking into account the requirements of PB 03-576-03.

The tanks follow in rooms with walls whose fire resistance is not less than Rei 45, and the distance from the top of the tanks to the ceiling and walls, as well as between adjacent tanks should be from 0.6 m. Pumping stations can not be placed adjacent to rooms, where a large cluster of people is possible, such as concert halls, scene, wardrobe, etc.

Hydropneumatic tanks are located on the technical floors, and pneumatic tanks - and in unheated premises.

In buildings, the height of which exceeds the 30m auxiliary water holder is placed on the upper floors technical appointment. Automatic and auxiliary water supplies must be disconnected when the main pumps are turned on.

The study manual describes in detail the procedure for developing a design task (ch. 2), the procedure for developing a project (ch. 3), coordination and general principles Examination of projects AUP (ch. 5). Based on the specified manual, the following applications are drawn up:

Appendix 1. A list of documentation submitted by the Organization of the Customer's organization. The composition of design and estimate documentation.
Appendix 2. An example of a working project of automatic sprinkler installation of water fire extinguishing.

2.4. Installation, adjustment and testing of water fire extinguishing installations

While doing mounting work The general requirements shown in ch. 12.

2.4.1. Installation of pumps and compressorsproduced in accordance with working documentation and VNG 394-78

First of all, it is necessary to make input control and make an act. Then remove excess lubricant from the units, prepare the foundation, place and align the platform for the plates under the adjusting screws. When reconciling and fastening, it is necessary to combine in terms of equipment axes with the foundation axes.

The pumping of pumps produced by adjusting screws provided for in their reference parts. The reconciliation of compressors can be performed by adjusting screws, inventory installation jacks, installation nuts on foundation bolts or metal gasket packages.

Attention! Until the final tightening of the screws, it is impossible to produce work that can change the verified position of the equipment.

Compressors and pumping units that do not have a common foundation plate are mounted sequentially. Installation start with gearbox or machine larger masses. Perform the center of the axes along the semi-guns, plug into the oil and, after the reconciliation and final fixing of the unit, pipelines.

The placement of shut-off valves on all suction and pressure pipelines should provide the possibility of replacing or repairing any of the pumps, check valves and the main locking reinforcement, as well as checking the characteristics of the pumps.

2.4.2. Control nodes are supplied to the assembly zone in the assembled state in accordance with the scheme adopted in the project (figures).

For control nodes, it is provided for a functional pattern of strapping, and in each direction - a plate with an indication of operating pressure, names and categories in the explosion of protected rooms, such as the number of rods in each section of the installation, position (state) of shut-off elements in standby mode.

2.4.3. Installation and fastening of pipelines and the equipment during their installation is carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.05.04-84, SNiP 3.05.05-84, VN 25.09.66-85 and EAS 2661-01-91.

The pipeline wall is attached by holders, but they cannot be used as supports for other structures. The distance between the pipe attachment nodes is up to 4 m, the exception is the pipes with a conditional passage of more than 50 mm, for them a step can be increased to 6 m, in the presence of two independent attachment nodes, mounted in the building design. And also PR laying the pipeline through the sleeves and grooves.

If risers and taps on distribution pipes exceed 1 m in length, they are fixed with additional holders. The distance from the holder to the irrigator on the riser (tap) is at least 0.15 m.

The distance from the holder to the last rod on the pipeline for pipes with a diameter of a conditional passage of 25 mm and less does not exceed 0.9 m, with a diameter of more than 25 mm - 1.2 m.

For air sprinkler installations, it includes the bias of the supply and distribution pipelines in the direction of the control node or the destructive devices: 0.01 - for pipes with an outer diameter of less than 57 mm; 0.005 - for pipes with an outer diameter of 57 mm and more.

If the pipeline is made of plastic pipes, then it must undergo a test at a positive temperature after 16 hours after welding the last connection.

Do not install production and sanitary equipment to the emerging pipeline of fire extinguishing installation!

2.4.4. Installation of rods on protected objects They are carried out in accordance with the project, NPB 88-2001 and TD on a specific type of rinker.

Glass thermocols are very fragile, so they require a delicate relationship. Damaged thermocolbons can no longer be operated, as they cannot do their own direct duty.

When installing the rods, the plane is recommended for the plane of the roser to sequentially orient along the distribution pipeline and, then perpendicular to its direction. On the adjacent rows it is recommended to orient the plane of the forehead is perpendicular to each other: if on one row the plane of the argek is oriented along the pipeline, then on the neighboring - across its directions. Guided by this rule, you can increase the uniformity of irrigation in the protective room.

For accelerated and high-quality installation of rods on the pipeline, various devices are used: adapters, tees, clamps for pipeline suspension, etc.

When fixing the pipeline in place using clamps, you must drill a few holes in right places The distribution pipe on which the installation will be centered. The pipeline is fixed with a brass or two bolts. The sprinkler is screwed into the removal of fixture. If you need to use tees, then in this case you will need to prepare the pipes of a given length, the ends of which will be connected by tees, then firmly fasten the tee on the pipes using a bolt. In this case, the irrigation is installed in the tap of the tee. If you choose on plastic pipes, for such pipes requires special clamp suspensions:

1 - cylindrical adapter; 2, 3 - adapters of clamp; 4 - Tyika

Consider more Clamps, as well as the features of the fastening of pipelines. To prevent mechanical damage to the rod, it is usually covered with housing protection. BUT! Keep in mind that the casing can disrupt the uniformity of irrigation due to the fact that it is capable of distorting the distribution of the dispersible fluid on the protected area. In order to avoid this, always require the seller certificates of conformity of this rink with the attached design of the housing.

a - clamp for the suspension of the metal pipeline;
B - Clamp for the suspension of plastic pipeline

Protective enclosing housings for irrigation

2.4.5. With the height of the device control devices, electric drives and flywheel valves (shutters) more than 1.4 m on the floor, additional platforms are installed and the scene. But the height from the site to the control devices should not be more than 1m. It is possible to broaden the foundation of the equipment.

It does not exclude the location of equipment and reinforcement under the mounting platform (or maintenance platforms) when height from the floor (or bridge) to the bottom of the protruding structures of at least 1.8 m. In this case, the equipment and reinforcement are performed on the equipment and reinforcement.
The AUP starter devices must be protected from random responses.

These measures are necessary in order to maximize the fixing device of the AUP start from unintentional response.

2.4.6. After installation, individual tests are carried out. Fire extinguishing installation elements: pumping units, compressors, tanks (automatic and auxiliary water holders), etc.

Before starting testing, the UU from all installation elements is removed by air, then fill them with water.In the sprinkler installations, the combined crane (in air and water-and-air - valve) is open, you must make sure that the signaling device is triggered. In drakecracial installations, closed the valve above the UU, open the crane of the manual start on the motivating pipeline (include the launch button with an electric drive). Fix the operation of the UU (shift valves with an electric drive) and a signaling device. In the process of testing, the operation of pressure gauges is checked.

Hydraulic tests of containers operating under pressure of compressed air are carried out in accordance with TD on tanks and PB 03-576-03.

Pumping pumps and compressors are performed in accordance with TD and VNC 394-78.

Methods of installation testing when accepting it into operation are given in GOST R 50680-94.

Now, according to the NPB 88-2001 (clause 4.39), it is possible to use cork cranes at the upper points of the network pipelines of sprinkler installations as devices for the release of air, as well as as a crane for a pressure gauge to control the rod with minimum pressure.

Such devices are useful to prescribe in the installation project and apply when testing UU.

1 - fitting; 2 - body; 3 - switch; 4 - lid; 5 - lever; 6 - plunger; 7 - Membrane

2.5. Operational maintenance of water fire extinguishing installations

Control the level of installation of water fire extinguishing is carried out around the clock security of the building. Access to the pumping station must be limited to unauthorized persons, key sets are issued to operational and service personnel.

It is impossible to paint the rods, it is necessary to protect them from paints in the course of cosmetic repair.

Such external influences as vibration, pressure in the pipeline, and due to the effects of sporadic hydrowards due to the operation of fire pumps seriously affect the time of operation of the rods. The consequence may be the weakening of the thermal lock of the sprinkler rink, as well as their loss, if the installation conditions were violated.

Often the water temperature in the pipeline is higher than the average, it is especially characteristic of the premises, where elevated temperatures are due to the nature of the activity. This can entail the shrinking of the locking device in the sprinkler rink due to precipitation in the water. That is why, even if an externally, the device looks intact, it is necessary to inspect the equipment for the presence of corrosion, sticking, so that false positives and tragic situations occur during the system failure during the fire.

When activating the sprinkler irrigator, it is very important that all parts of the thermal castle flew without getting after the destruction. This feature adjusts the membrane diaphragm and levers. If the technology has been broken, or the quality of the materials leaves much to be desired, over time, it is possible to weaken the properties of the spring-plate membrane. Where it leads? The heat lock will partially remain in the rink and will not give the valve to fully reveal, the water will only become a small jet, which will not allow the device to fully irrigate the area protected by them. To avoid such situations, an arcuate spring is provided in the sprinkler irrichor, whose force is directed perpendicular to the plane of the forehead. This guarantees the full release of the thermal castle.

Also, when used, it is necessary to eliminate the impact of lighting fittings on the rods when it is moved during repairs. Eliminate the appears of the gaps between the pipeline and the electrical wiring.

When determining the stroke of work, the PPR follows:

To conduct an external inspection of installation nodes and monitor the water level in the tank,

Weekly produce a trial start of pumps with electric or diesel drive 10-30 minutes from remote launch devices without water supply,

1 time in 6 months merge sucks from the tank, and also make sure drainage devicesproviding water flow from the protected room (if available).

Annually check the consumables of pumps,

Annually turn drain valves

It is annually to replace water in the tank and installation pipelines, clean the reservoir, washing and cleaning pipelines.

In time, hydraulic testing of pipelines and hydropneumobacia.

The main regulatory work, which are carried out abroad in accordance with NFPA 25, provide for the detailed annual verification of the EHF elements:
- irrigances (lack of plugs, type and orientation of the irrigation in accordance with the project, the absence of mechanical damage, corrosion, clogging of the outlet holes of the drainuclear rods, etc.);
- pipelines and fittings (lack of mechanical damage, cracks on fittings, violations paint coating, changes in the block angle of pipelines, the health of drainage devices, sealing gaskets must be pulled into clamping nodes);
- brackets (lack of mechanical damage, corrosion, reliability of pipeline fastening to brackets (fastening sites) and brackets to building structures);
- control nodes (position of the valves and valves in accordance with the project and manual, the operability of signal devices, gaskets must be pulled);
- check valves (correct connection).

3. Fire extinguishing installations with thin water

HISTORICAL REFERENCE.

International studies have proven that with a decrease in water droplets, the efficiency of fine water increases sharply.

Through thin water (TRV) belongs of droplets with a diameter of less than 0.15 mm.

Note that the TRV and its foreign name "Water fog" are not equivalent concepts. According to the NFPA 750 water fog according to the degree of dispersibility is divided into 3 classes. The thinnest water fog belongs to class 1 and contains a drop of a diameter of ~ 0.1 ... 0.2 mm. Class 2 combines jets of water with a drop diameter preferably 0.2 ... 0.4 mm, class 3 - up to 1 mm. With the help of conventional sprinkler rods with a small diameter of the outlet with a slight increase in water pressure.

So in order to obtain a first-class water fog, it is necessary to obtain a large water pressure, or the installation of special rods, while the preparation of the third-class dispersion is achieved using conventional sprinkler rods with a small diameter of the outlet with a minor increase in water pressure.

For the first time, water fog was installed and applied on passenger ferries in the 1940s. Now interest in it increased due to the latest research, which proved that the water fog copes perfectly with the provision fire safety In those rooms where the installations of refrigerated or carbonate fire extinguishing were previously used.

In Russia, fire extinguishing plants overheated by water appeared in Russia. They were developed by VNIIPO in the early 1990s. The jet of the superheated steam quickly evaporates and turned into a jet of steam with a temperature of about 70 ° C, which was transferred to a significant distance of the flow of condensed fine-dispersed droplets.

Fire extinguishing modules have been developed with fine water and special sprayers, the principle of operation is similar to previous, but without the use of superheated water. Delivery of water droplets to the fire hearth is usually made by gas-displacer from the module.

3.1. Purpose and installation device

According to the NPB 88-2001, the fire extinguishing installation of finely sprayed water (PRED) is used for surface and local on the surface of extinguishing foci of fire classes A and B. These installations are used in categories of categories A, B, B1-B3 as well as in the premises of archives of museums, office, shopping and warehouses, that is, in cases where it is important not to harm the material values \u200b\u200bof flame retardant solutions. Typically, such installations are modular structures.

For extinguishing both conventional solid materials (plastics, wood, textiles, etc.), so and more dangerous materials such as foam rubber;

Combustible and flammable liquids (in the latter case, a thin splicing water is used);
- electrical equipment, such as transformers, electrical switches, engines with a rotating rotor, etc.;

Fires gas jets.

We have already mentioned that the use of water fog at times increases the chances of salvation of people from the marked premises, simplifies evacuation. The use of water fog is very effective when carving the aviation fuel strait, because It significantly reduces the heat flux.

The general requirements used in the United States to specified fire extinguishing settings are given in the NFPA 750 standard, Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems.

3.2. To produce fine water Use special rods that are called sprayers.

Spray - The irrigator intended for spraying water and aqueous solutions, the average diameter of the drops of which in a stream is less than 150 μm, but does not exceed 250 μm.

Spray rods are installed in the installation at a relatively low pressure in the pipeline. If the pressure exceeds 1MP, then a simple sockets can be used as sprayers.

If the diameter of the spray socket is larger than the outlet, then the outlet is mounted outside the arrow, if the diameter is small, then between the student. Crushing the jet can also be made on the ball. To protect against contamination, the outlet of the drainuclear sprayers is closed with a protective cap. Water when applying drops the cap, but his loss is preventing a flexible connection with the housing (wire or chain).

Dispensers design: A - AM 4 sprayer; B - AM 25 sprayer;
1 - body; 2 - arms; 3 - socket; 4 - fairing; 5 - filter; 6 - output calibrated hole (nozzle); 7 - Protective cap; 8 - centering cap; 9 - elastic membrane; 10 - thermocolb; 11 - Adjusting screw.

3.3. As a rule, PETS is modular designs. Modules for PRBS are subject to mandatory certification for compliance with the requirements of the NPB 80-99.

The gas-displacer used in the modular rod is air or other inert gases (for example, carbon dioxide or nitrogen), as well as pyrotechnic gas generating elements recommended for use in fire technology. There should be no details of gas generating elements in the fire extinguishing agent, this should be provided for the installation design.

At the same time, the gas-outholder can be contained in one cylinder with the response (pumping type modules) and in a separate cylinder with an individual shut-off-launcher (PC).

Principle of operation of the modular waste.

As soon as the locomotive temperature is registered with the fire alarm, the control pulse is produced. It enters the gas generator or the pyropathron of the Ballon SPU, the latter contains a gas-displacer or response (for pumping type modules). A gas-liquid flow is formed in the cylinder. On the network of pipelines, it is transported to sprayers through which is dispersed in the form of a fine drip medium into a protected room. The installation can be powered by manually from the starting element (handle, buttons). Typically, the modules are equipped with a pressure warning device, which is designed to transmit the signal to the operation of the installation.

For clarity, we present you several modules PETS:

General view of the module for the installation of fire extinguishing with thin water of the MUPTV "Typhoon" (NGO "Flame")

Fire extinguishing module Fire extinguishing with thin water MPV (CJSC Moscow Experimental Plant "SpecialAvtomatika"):
but - general form; b - locking device

Maintenance specifications Domestic modular packs are shown in the tables below:

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF MODULAR FIGHTING INSTALLATIONS OF SURFACE WATER WATER MUPTV "TYFUN".

Indicators	The value of the indicator
	MUPTTS 60GV	MUPTV 60GVD
Fire extinguishing ability, m2, no more: fire class A. fire class B flammable fluid Flash Temperature vapor up to 40 ° C fire class in flammable fluid Flash Temperature vapor 40 ° C and higher
Duration of action, with
Middle Fire extinguishing consumption, kg / s
Mass, kg, and the view of the answer: Drinking water according to GOST 2874 water with additives
Mass of the gas-oscillator (liquid carbon dioxide according to GOST 8050), kg
Volume in the cylinder under the gas-displacer, l
Capacity of the module, l
Working pressure, MPa

Specifications of modular fire extinguishing installations with thinted water MUPTV NPF "Security"

Specifications of modular fire extinguishing installations with fine water MPV

Much attention of the regulatory documents is paid to methods of reducing foreign impurities in water. For this reason, filters are installed before the sprayers, and anti-corrosion measures are taken for modules, pipelines and sprayers (pipelines are made of galvanized or stainless steel). These measures are extremely important, because Passage sections of the sprayers Pretz are small.

When using water with additives falling into a sediment or forming a phase section with long-term storage, the installations provide devices for mixing them.

All techniques for checking the irrigated area are described in detail in TU and TD for each product.

In accordance with the NPB 80-99, the extinguishing efficiency of the use of modules with a set of sprayers is checked during fire tests, which use model foci of fire:
- class B., Cylindrical Natures with an internal diameter of 180 mm and a height of 70 mm, combustible liquid - n-heptane or gasoline A-76 in an amount of 630 ml. The time of free combustion of the combustible liquid is 1 min;

- class A., stacks of five rows of bars, isolated in the form of a well forming a square and bonded in a horizontal section. In each row, three brusches are stacked, having a square in cross section of 39 mm in size and a length of 150 mm. The middle bar is placed in the center in parallel lateral edges. The stack is placed on two steel corners mounted on concrete blocks or rigid metal supports in such a way that the distance from the base of the stack to the floor is 100 mm. Under the stacking is installed a metal tray of size (150x150) mm with gasoline for a lift of wood. The time of free burning is about 6 minutes.

3.4. Design PSTA Perform in accordance with GL.6 NPB 88-2001. According to change No. 1 to the NPB 88-2001 "Calculation and design of installations are produced on the basis of the regulatory and technical documentation of the manufacturer of the manufacturer of installations agreed in the prescribed manner."
The execution of the UPRS must comply with the requirements of the NPB 80-99. The placement of the sprayers, the diagram of their connection to the pipeline layout, the maximum length and diameter of the conditional passage of the pipeline, the height of its placement, the fire class and the protected area and other necessary information is usually indicated in the manufacturer's TD.

3.5. Installation PSA is made in accordance with the project and the installation of the manufacturer.

Observe the spatial orientation specified in the project and TD during the installation of sprayers. Mounting schemes AM 4 and AM 25 on the pipeline are shown below:

In order for the product for a long time, it is necessary to carry out the necessary repair work in a timely manner, and so on the manufacturer's TD. Especially carefully follow the schedule of measures to protect sprayers from clogging as external (dirt, intense dusting, construction trash during repair, etc.) and internal (rust, assembly sealing elements, particles of precipitate from water during its storage, and the like .) Elements.

4. Internal fireproof water supply

HPW is used to deliver water to the fire crane of the room and, as a rule, included in the building of the building of the building.

Requirements for ERW are defined by SNiP 2.04.01-85 and GOST 12.4.009-83. Designing pipelines laid out of buildings for water supply to outdoor fire extinguishing should be performed in accordance with SNiP 2.04.02-84. Requirements for ERW are defined by SNiP 2.04.01-85 and GOST 12.4.009-83. Designing pipelines laid out of buildings for water supply to outdoor fire extinguishing should be performed in accordance with SNiP 2.04.02-84. General issues of the use of EHP are considered in the work.

The list of residential, public, auxiliary, industrial and warehouse buildings, which are equipped with EHF is presented in SNiP 2.04.01-85. The minimum required water consumption for fire extinguishing and the number of running jets simultaneously is determined. The consumption is influenced by the height of the building and fire resistance of building structures.

If the ERW cannot provide the necessary water pressure, the installation of pumps that increase the pressure, and the pump start button is installed near the fire crane.

The minimum diameter of the spreading pipeline of the sprinkler installation, to which the fire crane - 65mm can be connected. Place the cranes according to SNiP 2.04.01-85. Internal fire cranes do not need a remote starting button of fire pumps.

The method of hydraulic calculation of the EHP is shown in SNiP 2.04.01-85. At the same time, the flow consumption for the use of souls and irrigation of the territory is not taken into account, the speed of water movement in pipelines should not exceed 3 m / s (except for water fire extinguishing installations, where water velocity is allowed to be 10 m / s).

Water consumption, l / s	Water movement speed, m / s, with pipe diameter, mm

The hydrostatic pressure should not exceed:

In the system of combined economic and fire water pipeline at the mark of the lowest location of the sanitary and technical instrument - 60 m;
- In the system of separate fire water pipeline at the mark of the lowest fire crane - 90 m.

If the pressure in front of the fire crane exceeds 40 m of water. Art., There is a diaphragm between the crane and the connecting head, which reduces excess pressure. The head in the fire crane should be sufficient to create a jet affecting the most distant and high parts of the room at any time of the day. The radius and height of the jets are also regulated.

The time of operation of fire cranes should be taken 3 hours, when water is supplied from water tanks, 10 minutes.

Internal fire cranes are installed, as a rule, at the entrance, on the courts staircases, in the corridor. The main thing is to be available, and the crane should not prevent the evacuation of people in a fire.

Fire cranes are placed in wall boxes at an altitude of 1.35. The locker includes holes for venting and inspection of content without opening.

Each crane should be equipped with fire sleeves of the same diameter with it 10, 15 or 20 m and fire barrel. The sleeve should be laid in a double rut or "harmonic" and attached to the crane. The procedure for the content and maintenance of fire hoses must correspond to the "Instructions for the operation and repair of fire hoses", approved by the GUPO MVD of the USSR.

Inspection of fire cranes and their performance testing through water starts are carried out at least 1 time in 6 months. The results of the inspection are fixed in the journal.

The external design of fire lockers should include red signal color. Lockers must be sealing.

That's what I wrote, suddenly who would come in handy.

GOST R 50680-94 State Standard of the Russian Federation
Water fire extinguishing automatic installation.
General technical requirements. Test methods.
Adopted and put into effect by the Resolution of the State Standard of Russia of 20.06.94 No. 175.
1 AREA OF USE
This standard applies to the newly developed and upgraded automatic installations (systems) of water fire extinguishing (hereinafter referred to as installations) designed to localize or extinguish and eliminate fire and simultaneously performing the functions of the automatic fire alarm.
The requirements of this standard are mandatory.
5 General technical requirements
5.17 Installation of the installation pipelines must be performed in accordance with the regulatory documentation, EMN 2661-01, SNiP 3.05.05, SNiP 2.04.09, approved in the prescribed manner.
7 Test Methods
7.16 Pipelines must be subjected to tests in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.05.05-84.

BUILDING REGULATIONS. Technological equipment and technological pipelines. SNiP 3.05.05-84.
Approved by the Resolution of the State Committee of the USSR on the construction affairs of May 7, 1984 No. 72.
These rules apply to the production and acceptance of work on the installation of technological equipment and technological pipelines (hereinafter - "equipment" and "pipelines") intended for obtaining, processing and transporting the initial, intermediate and finite products at an absolute pressure of 0.001 MPa (0, 01 kgf / cm2) up to 100 MPa incl. (1000 kgf / cm2), as well as pipelines for supplying coolants, lubricants and other substances necessary for the operation of the equipment.
Quality control of steel pipelines
4.8. Control of the quality of welded joints of steel pipelines should be carried out by: systematic operational control; mechanical tests samples cut from trial joints; Checks for the continuity of the joints with the detection of internal defects with one of the non-destructive test methods, as well as subsequent hydraulic or pneumatic tests of the section. 5 of these Rules. Methods for controlling the quality of welded joints are given in GOST 3242-79.
Quality checking welded seams Pipelines V category is limited by the implementation of operational control.
In cases specified in the project, it is necessary to test welded compounds from stainless steel on the tendency to intercrystalline corrosion in accordance with GOST 6032-75 and departmental regulatory documents.
4.9. Operational control should include verification of the state of welding materials, the quality of preparation of the ends of pipes and parts of pipelines, accuracy of assembly operations, performing a specified welding mode.

Rules of device and safe operation of PB 03-585-03 technological pipelines. Approved by the Resolution of the Gosgortkhnadzor of the Russian Federation of June 10, 2003 N 80).
I. General provisions
1.4. These rules apply to the designable, newly manufactured and modernized steel technological pipelines intended for transporting gaseous, vapor-shaped and liquid media in the range from residual pressure (vacuum) 0.001 MPa (0.01 kgf / cm2) to the conventional pressure of 320 MPa (3200 kgf / cm2) and operating temperatures from minus 196 ° C to 700 ° C and operated on hazardous production facilities.
The ability to distribute rules to specific groups, categories and types of technological pipelines are determined by the operating conditions and, if necessary, justified with the calculations and is set in the project.
II. Technological pipelines with conditional pressure up to 10 MPa (100 kgf / cm2)
2.1. Classification of pipelines
2.1.1. Pipelines with a pressure of up to 10 MPa (100 kgf / cm2) inclusive depending on the hazard class of the transported substance (explosion, fire hazard and harm) are divided into groups (A, B, B) and depending on the operating parameters of the medium (pressure and temperature) - for five categories (I, II, III, IV, V). The classification of pipelines is shown in Table 1.
From Table 1: Pipeline category - V; Group B, hard-body (TG) and non-combustible substances (NG), P-calculators, MPa (kgf / cm2) - up to 1.6 (16), T_Rech., C - from - 40 to 120.

Conclusion: pipelines of automatic installations of water (sprinkler) fire extinguishes belong to V category of pipelines, so the quality of welds is limited to the implementation of operational control. 4.8 SNiP 3.05.05-84.

The useful model refers to the design of the fire extinguishing installation, which can be used to protect closed rooms and fire-hazardous objects. The technical result of the declared device is to increase the life of the pipeline system for fire extinguishing.

Fire extinguishing pipeline system Contains a trunk pipeline 1, associated with the fire pipeline. To the riser 1 attached pipes 2 for wiring them on the floors. After that, depending on the project, the network of pipes of a smaller diameter for the premises, to which, with the help of threaded connections 3, taps are screwed up 4. At the end of the taps 4 using threaded connections 5, sprinklers are fixed - sprinklers 6. Each tap 4 is a pipe, Made of corrugated stainless steel. Pipeline 1 and pipe 2 for wiring on floors and rooms are made of plastic.

The useful model refers to the design of the fire extinguishing installation, which can be used to protect closed rooms and fire-hazardous objects.

A well-known fire extinguishing pipeline system, comprising a trunk pipe connected to the taps, at the ends of which sprinkler rods are mounted. (Author's testimony of the USSR No. 607575, IPC A62C 35/00, 1976, Copyright Certificate of the USSR №1102615, A62C 35/02, 1982, Patent RF №2193908, IPC A62C 35/02, 2002)

In these devices, it is explicitly not disclosed, from which material pipelines and taps are made of, but as is known from practice, they are made of steel pipes according to GOST 10704 - with welded and flange compounds, and the taps are welded to the main pipes.

This system has a number of shortcomings, namely:

The difficulty of placing the rod is strictly in the middle of the suspended ceiling cell, which is always required by designers and manufacturers of suspended ceiling designs;

The use of steel pipes does not comply with the modern requirements of fire safety;

These settings are not durable due to metal corrosion, their service life, as a rule, is 5-8 years, in addition, the use of steel makes this system Expensive due to high costs for installation and difficulties associated with welding work.

It is also known to perform pipelines of the corrugated stainless steel pipelines having high elasticity, and the connection of taps with the main pipeline and with sprinklers is carried out by threaded compounds (see Japan's patent No. 9051962 and the site www.kofulso-olton.ru).

In these devices, it is explicitly uncalled out of which material is made of a trunk pipeline, but as is known from practice, they are usually performed from rigid steel pipes (see Fire extinguishing and alarm installation. Norms and design rules, www.kofulso-oton .ru, p, 5), which reduces the durability not only the main pipelines themselves, but also the entire system as a whole.

The technical result of the declared device is to increase the life of the pipeline system for fire extinguishing.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the system of the combined pipeline for fire extinguishing containing the main pipeline-related pipeline pipeline, pipes attached to the layout for wiring on floors and premises,

tires connected by the same ends to the pipes, and sprinklers-rods attached to the second ends of the tap pipelines, and the latter are made of corrugated stainless steel and attached to pipes and sprinklers with threaded compounds, trunk pipeline and pipes attached to Racing for wiring on floors and rooms is made of polypropylene. The drawing shows a general view of the pipeline system. The combined pipeline system for fire extinguishing contains a trunk pipeline, made of polypropylene pipe 1, associated with fire pipeline. To the riser 1 attached pipes 2 for wiring them on the floors. After that, depending on the project, the network of pipes of a smaller diameter for the premises, to which the taps are ultimately screwed using threaded compounds 3. At the end of the taps 4 using threaded connections 5, sprinklers are fixed - sprinklers 6. Each removal 4 represents It is a pipe made of corrugated stainless steel, and the length and diameter of the taps may be different.

The main pipeline and pipes for wiring on floors and rooms are made of plastic.

The sprinkler fire extinguishing system is the system of pipelines, constantly filled with fire extinguishing composition, equipped with special nozzles, sprinklers, a slightly melting nozzle, opening

with the initial stage of ignition, it provides the feeding of the fire extinguishing composition on the focus of ignition.

In case of fire, sprinkler installations are embarking on handling, regardless of whether people are located in the premises or they are missing there. Constructively, fire extinguishing installations are mounted under the floors of the trading hall, office premises Restaurants, as well as warehouse and auxiliary rooms, a network of pipes with sprinklers that are revealed by increasing the temperature. If the area is large, then the sprinkler network is divided into separate sections, and each network is served by a separate control and signal valve.

The combined pipeline system due to the completion of the main pipe - the riser and pipes for wiring on the floors and plastic rooms makes it possible to increase the service life of the pipeline system for fire extinguishing up to 25 years.

The pipeline system for fire extinguishing containing a fire pipeline-related main pipeline-risker, pipes attached to the layout for wiring on floors and premises, taps attached to the same ends to the pipes, and sprinklers and rods attached to the second ends of the tap pipelines, At the same time, the latter are made of corrugated stainless steel and are attached to the pipes and to sprinklers with threaded compounds, characterized in that the main pipeline and pipes attached to the layout for wiring on the floors and the premises are made of plastic.

Ensuring fire safety refers to the primary task on facility and production. Automatic installations Fire extinguishing is a set of various elements whose functional significance is associated with the elimination of the fireplace. One of the reliable types of fire extinguishing, in which gas is used as a fire extinguishing agent, is a gas fire extinguishing.

Automatic installations of gas fire extinguishing, including pipelines, rods, pumps are carried out according to project documentation and work projects.

Composite elements of gas fire extinguishing installations and work mechanism

The principle of operation of the installation of gas fire extinguishing is associated with a decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the air associated with the flow into the fire extinguishing substance zone. This eliminates the toxic effect of gas influence on the environment, minimized to zero damage to material values. Gas fire extinguishing installations are a set of interconnected elements, the main of which are:

• modular elements with gas-up inside cylinders;
• switchgear;
• nozzles;
• pipelines.

Through the camshaft, the gas fire extinguishing agent is delivered to the pipeline. Requirements are presented to the installation and execution of pipelines.

According to GOST for the manufacture of pipelines, high-alloy steel is used, and these elements must be firmly fixed and grounded.

Testing pipelines

After installing pipelines as composite elements Gas fire extinguishing installations are a series of test research. Stages of conducting such tests:

1. Visual external inspection (compliance with the installation of pipeline documentation pipelines, technical assignment).
2. Checking compounds, fasteners for detecting mechanical damage - cracks, loosely adjacent seams. For checking, it is injected with air pipelines, after which the output of air masses through the holes is controlled.
3. Tests for reliability and density. These types of work concluded in artificial pressure creation, and elements ranging from the station and ending with the nozzles.

Before conducting tests, pipelines are disconnected from gas fire extinguishing equipment, plugs are put on the place of nozzles. The values \u200b\u200bof test pressure in pipelines should be 1.25 PP (PP - working pressure). The test pressure of pipelines are subjected to within 5 minutes, after which the pressure is lowered to the worker and the visual inspection of pipelines is carried out.

Pipelines have stood the test if the pressure drop when holding the operating pressure for one hour will not be more than 10% of the worker. Inspection should not show the emergence of mechanical damage.

After the tests conducted from the pipelines, the fluid is descended, air purge is carried out. The need for testing is no doubt, such a number of actions will prevent "malfunctions" in the work of the equipment in the future.

5.7.21. The identification color or digital designation of pipelines must correspond to GOST R 12.4.026 and:

Water-filled pipelines with sprinkler, draincore and sprinkler-drainagecore AUP, as well as water-based pipelines of fire cranes - green or digit "1";

Air pipelines of the air sprinkler installation and sprinkler-draincore AUPVZ-S D - blue color or digit "3";

Unlumped pipelines Drencher AUP and "Sukhoters" - blue color or alphanumeric code "3C";

Pipelines for which only a foaming agent or a solution of the foaming agent is supplied is brown or digit "9".

5.7.22. Signal color in the plots of connecting pipelines with locking and control devices, aggregates and equipment - red.

Note - At the request of the customer, it is allowed to change the painting of pipelines in accordance with the interior of the premises.

5.7.23. All AUP pipelines must have a digital or alphanumeric designation according to the hydraulic scheme.

5.7.24. The distinctive color of marking flaps indicating the direction of movement of the fire extinguishing substance - red. Marking shields and digital or alphanumeric designation of pipelines should be applied taking into account local conditions in the most responsible places of communications (at the entrance and exit from fire pumps, at the entrance and output from the general strapping, on branches, at the places of compounds, shut-off devices, Through which the water supply is supplied to the trunk, supply and feed pipelines, in the passage of pipelines through the walls, partitions, on the inputs of buildings and in other places needed to recognize the Pipelines of the AUP).

VNG 25-09.67-85 Rules for production and acceptance of work. Automatic fire extinguishing installations
(Approved by the decision of the Ministry of Protection of September 02, 1985 N 25-09.67-85)

3.8. Pipelines and fittings of installations located in enterprises to which special requirements for aesthetics must be painted according to the requirements of GOST 12.4.026-76 and GOST 14202-69.

3.9. Pipelines and fittings of installations located in the enterprises to which special requirements for aesthetics are presented must be painted in accordance with these requirements, while the class of coating should be no less than VI according to the requirement of GOST 9.032-74.

3.10. The color of the rods, detectors, low-melting locks, exhaust nozzles is not allowed.

GOST R 12.4.026 color signal, safety signs and markup signal. Appointment and rules of application. General technical requirements and characteristics. Test methods.
(accepted and put into effect by the Resolution of the State Standard of the Russian Federation of September 19, 2001 N 387-ST)

5.1.3. It is not allowed to use a red signal color:

To designate stationary installed funds of fire protection (their elements), which do not require operational identification (fire detectors, fire pipelines, fire extinguishing plants, etc.);