Due to the high strength of the monolithic base, the floor can be installed on the foundation in any form using a screed on the plate to give evenness. On this basis, it is possible to install without additional training:

• fireplaces of any complexity;
• boilers for heating system;
• various partitions.

With all these advantages concrete basis very cold, so before installing the floor should be carried out insulation work. In order for the surface of the foundation to not publish dampness and cold, the heat-insulating cake is necessarily stacked. As a filling of such a insulation, the extruded polystyrene foam is well suited. It is best to lay it in the interval between the basement plate and the black tie. Sometimes it can be used between the basement and the first floor.

Slab base

In order to better understand the progress of work, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the items of work on independent installation monolithic base. First of all, special attention should be paid to the calculation of the foundation. Most often, in the performance of this type of work, many allow rude mistakes that adversely affect the mounted base.

It is very difficult to carry out the basis of the foundation without certain knowledge. In addition to the load on the base at the time of the calculations, it is necessary to take into account the possible shrinkage, deformation, the distribution of all loads on the stove and so on. The execution of calculations is carried out in support of state standards and norms. If you do not have skills in such work, it is best to contact the construction experts.

After completing the calculations, it is necessary to do earth types of work. It is necessary to make a removal throughout the perimeter of the future foundation. Next, it is necessary to lay the geotextile materials that are necessary in order for the sand pillow to be melted from weight in the thickness of the clay.

Tamping of sandy pillow

Laying of sand pillows is carried out, in some situations you can use the crushed stone of the middle fraction. In obligatory, the backfall is accompanied by layer-by-layer rambling, which allows you to compact the material. It is recommended at the time of the tampering to shed a mass of water. After that, engineering communications are held. Next is the fill of the concrete mixture with a thickness of 10 centimeters.

On the resulting preparatory layer, which is necessary for a concrete plate, waterproofing is laid. In compulsory, it is necessary to perform a daving joints of the material. To do this, it is best to apply burners. The size of waterproofing should be greater than the size of the foundation in the area. The edges of the isolation must act in order to further attach them to the base plate.

At the end of the device of the waterproofing layer, laying thermal insulation is performed. Best Material For this will be extruded expanded polystyrene foam. On top of it, polyethylene film is placed on top of it. Installation of thermal insulation will solve such a problem as cold floors indoors. Also, when it is presented, the costs of heating during the cold period of time will be reduced.

Reinforcement of the future plate

A design made of metal reinforcement is installed on the surface of the finished layers of the foundation. The reinforcement grid should be laid at 50 millimeters from the bottom of the foundation, that is, from the polystyrene layer, and the second by 50 mm from the top edge. Around perimeter finished design Install formwork shields. They should be firmly connected to each other to avoid leakage at the time of the fill. The shuttle step on the base plate is its fill with a concrete mixture.

Dignity of monolithic base

The monolithic plate as a foundation has many advantages, for example, such as:

TO negative parties It is possible to attribute only that with such a design it is impossible to make a basement, but the solution exists, only the necessary costs are necessary. The cost of any foundation of the house is determined by the price for building materials, transportation costs, acquisition or rental of a specialized tool, as well as wages to workers.

Varieties of floors

In the interior decoration of any room, the floors are an important part, as the outcome of the entire repair depends on them. Their installation is carried out on the stove or on the surface of the soil. In the modern world, the floors are no longer considered a simple layer. concrete screed, They are performed in the form of a multilayer design. Such floors include many building elements in their composition.

• aligning layer;
• thermal insulation;
• noise insulation;
• waterproofing layer;
• final coating.

In our time, the floors have different technical properties and operational characteristics. Such a variety arose as a result of the fact that a variety of requirements are presented to the flooring, such as: operational, sanitary, artistic and aesthetic. As a result of the finish, the floor must have the following properties:

• horizontal;
• low thermal conductivity;
• moisture resistance;
• ideal smoothness;
• in mandatory, the floor should not be slippery;
• light purification from dirt;
• high wear resistance.

Having finished a smooth screed, it is necessary to determine how the material will be covered in the future.

Concrete coating

This is a fairly smooth and undoubtedly smooth floor, which is used in industrial and storage facilities. A smooth and smooth surface of such gear has thanks to chemical additives. These chemical elements give persistent strength to the coating as a whole. Such floors are applied to the surface of the concrete base, and then rub it up to the perfect shine. Due to chemical element At the time of grouting the surface, it penetrates the structure of the foundation, making it stronger. Looking at the video, you will learn how to fix the concrete floor.

One of the important qualities of this outdoor coating It is the strength and lack of dust. It is also important that the cost of mounting such a gender is inexpensive. Low price Materials reduces extra costs.

Floors of boards on the stove

After monolithic plate It will be filled with a rough screed, it is necessary to determine the choice of material. A good choice of flooring is board floors. The first thing you need to install lags, that is, the element to which the boarding coating will be attached. They should be laid on sound insulation gaskets. In the absence of a plate, columns are performed, most often from bricks for which lags are stacked.

The high-quality device of the floor on the slabs of the overlap suggests a comfortable stay of people indoors.

Diagram of wood-chip device.

Floor base

Floor classification is made by types of coatings:

• board;
• parquet;
• linoleum;
• slab.

And by types of structures:

• layered;
• single-layer;
• separate idle;
• separate careless.

Required tool:

Overlapping scheme over ventilated underground.

• grinding;
• plane;
• a hammer;
• trowel;
• cord;
• rule;
• saw;
• fasteners;
• screwdriver;
• roulette.

Device laminate

Mainly applied in. Made from several layers over colder premises (basements, garages). The soundproofing layer is placed, and a solid flooring is a parquet of piece or parquet packets. For sound insulation, fiberboard stamps 4, 12, 20 are used.

Single-layer design

Such a floor is made directly on the slabs of the overlap. If irregularities are detected, it is necessary to make an aligning layer. The material for the construction of a single-layer floor may be a linoleum on a biostoy-based basis that is not subject to rotting processes. Indoors C. high humidity (Toilet, bath) Single-layer floor can be made of ceramic tiles or put a linoleum on a rubber-based basis.

Installation of separate hollow coating

Scheme of a soundproofing device.

First, they make a sound insulating layer on the slabs of the overlap, then strengthened the lags, and the clean floor material is stacked: parquet boards, tipped boards or wooden shields. If the room is made with a solid flooring from non-warned boards, then on top of the plates of the Fiberboard, the thickness of which should be at least 20 mm. Lagges for the construction of a separate hollow floor on the slabs of overlapping should be bent and processed by an antiseptic. Sizes of bars (lag) - 80 * 40 mm. Depending on the thickness of the flooring, the distance between the lags is determined. The thinner the material, the more often the bars are placed.

Separation device

Scheme of self-laying floors.

It is based on a monolithic screed made on overlapping stoves. The screed is made from a mixture of concrete and a porous class of class B12.5 D1200 density, the screed thickness must be no more than 40 mm. It can not be aligned cement mortar, irregularities should be simply polished. A gap of 20-30 mm is made between the monolithic screed and walls of the room around the perimeter, which is filled with soundproofing material and is subsequently closed by a plinth.

The outer coating of such a floor may be linoleum, pVC tiles, parquet, laminate parquet, Fiberboard slabs or other materials. A layer of waterproofing material is put on top of the screed. It is placed by the pectorist or produce seams with a bitumen solution. Then lay a soundproofing layer from mineral wool Stamps 125-150 thick up to 60 mm, fibrolite plates with a thickness of up to 50 mm, sand or clay.

Parquet coating

Floor Device Scheme.

Beautiful appearance, small thermal insulation and soundproofness make parquet (parquet boards, parquet panels, piece parquet) in demand material during the construction of flooring. The device of such a floor is possible on a solid milking base, fiberboard plates, cement-sand tie. It looks good floors from piece parquet.performed by the drawing "Christmas tree" with friezes or without frieze.

First, it is necessary to mark the row of the coating to be less waste. The prepared foundation produces layer of Parchment layer, and the Little "Christmas tree" is stacked on it. Focusing on it, the floor coating device is made with a thorough connection and fastening of each parquet planter with a silent nail, driven by two in the side groove and one in the end. Dobochnik deepen the hats into the material.

The device of floors from the piece parquet on the screed is made on a hot or cold bitumen solution in the "Christmas tree" without friezes. When flooring, the parquet, if necessary, do the alignment of its special parquet and plareral machine or hand-held Rubankom; After the sewage, plinths are installed, make cyclishing and ground grinding. The floor in front of the cycling is slightly moistened. The laid parquet is rubbed with mastic or varnish.

Linoleum floors

Floor insulation scheme of the first floor.

Linoleum is the material used to finish the floors. It has such qualities as durability, durability, resistance to influences chemical substances, elasticity; It is easy to clean and wash it. For all these qualities, the material is very popular with developers. The disadvantages include exposure to expansion, shrinkage, warping and bloating. In order to prevent their appearance, the linoleum is pre-kept in a rolled state within a few days for straightening and adopting the floor shape.

The quality of the base for the flooring significantly affects the quality of the linoleum sex. Having elasticity, linoleum is able to perceive even the slightest irregularities. Therefore, the grounds must be smooth, clean, dry and durable. The horizontal base must be checked by a special rail. The bases for linoleum can be screed from cement-sandy solution, dvp slabs, chipboard plates, slag concrete, ceramzite concrete and milking floors.

For the device of a new screed along the slabs of the overlap, a sand-cement solution of composition 3: 1 is made, which is placed on rigid and durable layers of up to 3 cm and smash the rule or half-line to the predetermined rail guides. The surface of previously made screeds should be clean and smooth. If necessary, align the screed can be laying a new layer cement-sand mixture Composition 1: 2. The permissible moisture content of the base is no more than 10%.

The most time consuming is the process of preparing the grounds for the linoleum sticker on moody floorsMade on plates of overlapping.

Soundproofing scheme overlaps.

They must be rigid enough. The base boards should not be fed. Before the linoleum sticker, the base of the floor must be well processed: the sawn timber should be dry, rushing, processed by antiseptic or olphoi. All cracks must be crowded, stripped and primed.

When the base of the base from the fiberboard or chipboard, it is also necessary to ensure the rigidity of the base under the plates with the mandatory grout of the seams between them. The plates are screwed to the wooden base of the floor of the floor, their caps are comfortable in the material, and the plates are glued to the concrete or cement-sand tie, the plates are glued with hot bitumen. The surface of the fixed plates is leveled with a sling of convexities, sealing the seams by mastic, primer and spiteling with oil putty. Then the linoleum is laid.

Ceramic tiles floors

For flooring on floor slabs from ceramic tiles First, they make the base - the monolithic screed of cement with the addition of sand (approximate composition 3: 1; 4: 1), the device of which is conducted along the waterproofing layer. When the floor is on a wooden base, it is necessary to stick hot bituminous mastic Waterproofing, then put the reinforced grid and put the solution. For the device, the screed should be used by the May wooden railsinstalled by level along the walls of the room. Prepared solution Put between the rails. The horizontal screed is tested by the rule, the ends of which should be relying on the light rails. After hardening the rack's solution is removed. The remaining grooves are filled with mortar.

Scheme of overlapping and insulation of the floor.

Before laying the tiles, they must be sorted in size and color. Make a breakdown of the floor by the selected figure of the future coating, then you should check the rectangle of the room with a cord, stretching it diagonally from the angle in an angle, and then determine the width of the frieze and put two mutually perpendicular rows in the picture dry. The distance between the tiles when they are laying should be no more than 2 mm.

If the tiles are not fully included, then they can be rearged and put in a row located closer to the wall. By marks made on clean floor, lighthouse tiles are stacked. Then the corner, intermediate and frieze lights are installed on the cord and ruler. In the cooked solution, it makes the seal and fill the first row of tiles. After laying the frieze rows, the flooring of the main pattern of the floor coating is proceeded. In order not to step on the already laid tiles, the flooring begin with a long wall.

The solid used should be plastic consistency, and it is advisable to put it with a smooth strip at once to several rows of tiles. Putting the tile on the solution, it should be siege to mild with light beats or a hammer along the bar. Checking the horizontal of laid tiles is carried out by rule. The seams between them should be free from the solution. Within two days after flooring, they are filled with a sour cream-like cement solution in water, having previously cleaned the surface. The infusion is produced 2-3 times, as shrinkage of the solution occurs. The residues of the solution are removed from the surface immediately after the completion of the work wiping the tiles with moistened sawdust. Purplify the laid tiles with moistened sawdresses with a layer of 15-20 cm, and, periodically moisturizing them, achieve good solutions to the solution.

Laminated parquet flooring

Modern building material for covering floors over the slabs of the overlap is the laminated parquet. This is an environmentally friendly coating, resembling a wooden parquet, which consists of several layers and is very convenient in operation. It is made of dense, water-resistant fiberboard plates covered with imitating wood layer. Sizes of slats: length - 1.2-1.7 m, width - up to 18 cm, thickness - from 6 to 14 mm. Laminate strips from above are coated with an acrylate or melamine resin for protection against mechanical damage.

The concrete screed is performed as a base for the floor as often as possible. This is due to high performance characteristics. The introduction of special additives makes a solution with plastic, in addition, it is distinguished by high adhesion. After ripening, the design becomes insensitive to the effects of moisture and can work inside and outside the premises.

Traditional concrete ties have a thick or semi-dry consistency. The basis is the cement mortar of the brand not lower than M150, taken in the proportion of cement and sand 1: 3. For the knead, the dry components are mixed first, after which it occurs with water.

The result is a traditional design with compressive strength of about 25 MPa. In residential premises, the minimum strength is 12 MPa, indoors with high loads - 20 MPa. Therefore, concrete ties have a good stock by strength and all prerequisites for long-term operation.

As a placeholder, it is permissible to use sand, gravel, crushed stone. The size of the aggregate should not be more than 1/3 of the entire thickness of the structure.

Semi-dry varieties contain fewer water. This ensures much greater compressive strength - about 35 MPa.

The supply of the solution can be organized by pneumatic pump or manually

Plus, such systems are less susceptible to shrinkage, and hence the cracking. Such solutions can be added modifiers accelerating hardening, increasing plasticity, density.

Another variant of the preparation of solutions is the use of ready-made mixtures. They are enough to add water right on the construction site. The amount of indictment water is always indicated by the manufacturer.

In most cases, the recipe includes reinforcing fibers, which successfully prevents shrinkage and cracking. Prepared solutions may differ thick, semi-liquid or semi-dry consistency. The semi-liquid mixtures are optimally distributed on the basis, forming a self-refined screed - this is the perfect finishing layer under the laying of floor coatings.

The quality of the solutions can be improved by the introduction of polymer additives, which speeds up the grasp. On such ties, you can put porcelain and ceramic coatings already after 24 hours, some mixtures allow finish work After 4 hours.

The market offers a product that can prepare and serve with concrete pumps. The strength of such solutions reaches 55 MPa. In addition, the finished mixture is the optimal option for screeds with outdoor heating. But, you should check that the possibility of such an application is noted on the package. According to this technology, the solution should be coated with a thickness of 2 cm.

Types of hardware

If we talk about design features, all ties are divided into related or made on divided layer. The separation layer is a dense p / e film or a system of heat, sound insulation.

Mounting technology in each case is similar, regardless of the type of design. The difference consists in the principles of preparing the basis and in thickness.

Distinctive characteristics:

• related - have a connection with the structural part of the object. This is either a concrete floor plate on the ground, or the slab overlap. Such ties operate together with the basis for which are laid. Before installation, the concrete slab is nevertheless ground, that is, it is necessary to perform a layer working on high adhesion;
• on the divided layer - Performed if the base: 1. Wet, 2. contaminated with fats, 3. High absorption is present, 4. Too weak. The design is poured over the separation layer. Usually it is a p / e film 0.2 mm thick. The material is always laid by the pectorist (10 cm), with an occasion of the walls. After the completion of works, the excess is cut;
• floating - solution for places where the level of shock noise should be reduced or the basis is too weak. The substrate (sound insulation layer) is set using special materials. It can be a genuine plug, polymer plates, corrugated cardboard sheets, mineral mats, 30-40 mm thick. The heat insulation is littered with the p / e film, and then begin to pour the solution. If the room is placed on the unheated plot, it is necessary to take care of the issue of thermal insulation.

The plates of insulating material are put with dressing, that is, with a shift shift relative to each other

Device floor on a concrete base

The laying is proceeded if the air temperature and the foundation is within + 5-25 degrees. Before the start of work, the surface is thoroughly cleaned by means of construction vacuum cleaners, rigid brushes or using special equipment. The goal is to remove all pollution that can weaken adhesion.

To increase clutch, the concrete base is ground. If fat stains and cracks are noted, instead of the primer layer, the separator is used on the basis of P / E film. Along the vertical structures and walls, compensation seams should be performed. To do this, apply a damper tape or strip of polystyrene foam, 1 cm thick. The material is fixed using a adhesive solution.

On the hills of a quick-pop solution are installed guide profiles-lighthouses. Observe the distance from the walls - 20 cm, between them - about 1.5 m. Before fixing, on the basis of profiles, the profiles are lubricated by the anti -adhesion mixture if they are subsequently removed. With the help of the level check the placement of beacons in the same plane.

The solution prepared in the concrete mixer is evenly distributed between the guides. The composition stacked with a surplus, so that he spoke a little over the level of lighthouses. After tamping, the grater surface is aligned with the rule.

The tool move with zigzag movements. The rule is moved to yourself by removing the excess mixture. If shells remain on the finished site, they are immediately eliminated and resolved again.

When the solution grabbed, lighthouses should be removed. They work as careful as possible, so as not to damage the fresh design. On the polushi screed profiles are removed after - 2-3 after laying. Formed voids fill with cement-sandy solution. The surface is watched by a grater, performing circular movements.

As a result, smooth, slightly rough screedthat will ensure high adhesion of the finish layers.

How to arrange compensation seams

When pouring large areas, it is required to cut intermediate compensation temperature seams. The stage is implemented after the grout using a spatula, or later - with the help of a diamond disk.

Wounded seams are performed at the first stage of work along all vertical elements, including columns, stairs. Seam is performed on the whole thickness of the design, taking voltages arising in the deformation process And shock noises.

Intermediate seams divide the surface on smaller cards. Their appointment is to prevent cracking as a result of a shrinkage of dry design.

Features:

• the depth of the seam is chosen with a support for the thickness of the screed and the presence of floor heating systems - most often it is 1/2 or 1/3 from the thickness of the screed;
• if reinforcement is provided, cutting is implemented between reinforcement grids;
• intermediate compensation seams must divide the surface on the card with a side of 6 m, an area not higher than 30 sq.m.;
• long corridors take into account the width of the room. The smaller this indicator, the greater the seams should be. Notches are performed at a distance, a multiple of the 2nd sizes of the width of the corridor;
• the seams are always arranged in places where the change in the thickness of the screed is provided and where different floor coverings will be shown. Interputer seams should match compensation. The seams under laminate and parquet are left blank, including in the case of a coating of stone and tiles. The exceptions are terraces and any street venues.

Seams of terraces and street sites fill with waterproof silicone sealants, adhesive masses

Subtleties reinforcement

The need to implement this stage depends on the magnitude of the loads and thickness of the structure. Reinforcement is required in thinner systems, a thickness of 3.5-4 cm. To do this, take a steel grid 10 * 10 or 15 * 15 cm. The wire diameter can be 3-4 mm.

Material can be put on remote profiles. After installation, you should start laying the solution. Concrete mixtures reinforced with fibrous materials and ready-made gypsum mixes It is not necessary to strengthen the grid.

Level definition

The screed level is recommended to determine immediately on the entire floor, focusing on the thickness of floor coatings that will be laid subsequently. So that all the floors were at a single level, the thickness of the structures can be different in separate rooms.

Work always starts where the design will be the thick, Say, in places with outdoor heating. Heavy floor screeds have a minimal thickness of 4 cm. Holding the height in adjacent zones, take into account the thickness of the finish coatings.

An exception can be a zone where water bottling is possible. Here the floor level should be lower than in other places by approximately 1 cm. Exact measurements should be in priority only if the thresholds are installed.

Breaks in technology

Breaks are permissible after laying the solution in each individual room. It is best to fill so that it comes out of the threshold for several centimeters. The layer is cut off in the place where the compensation seam will be held, then the residues of the mixture are removed from it. After the break, it is from here that you can continue the device in other rooms.

When preparing a solution, it is necessary to focus on its viability. For example, the traditional concrete solution should be laid for 120 minutes. If finished dry mixtures are used, the viability period is specified in the instructions. Usually, it is 60-120 minutes.

Breaks in work should be determined taking into account the wipping cycle. Classic concrete ties rub out 8-10 hours after the device. Semi-dryer - 3-4 hours later. In general, the grout is required only under the installation of rolled coatings. Tile materials love some surface roughness.

Care

In order for the traditional concrete screed to dial the required strength, after the end of the work should take care of moisturizing. Spraying water is carried out within 7 days after fill. The room where the design is arranged, should be closed so that the draft does not provoke too rapid drying.

The finished surface is reasonable to cover the p / e film. This will strengthen moisture due to condensate, which is formed on inner side . In some cases, a layer of wet sawdust is unfolded over the surface.

As a durability set, the level of humidity of concrete will be lowered to 3%

A week later, all films or sawdust are cleaned. You can ventilate the room.

If disassembly required

Often when working on ready-made concrete grounds requires dismantling of an old screed. This is dictated by considerations of the integrity and strength of the structure. Old ties can be peeling, cracking, which is always transmitted by fresh layers. In addition, the need for dismantling is due to too high loads on the slab overlap.

Removing the old design is carried out using several ways:

• diamond drilling - Disassembly is implemented through special installations. According to the technology in the thickness of the concrete, cylindrical holes are drilled and the screed is removed;
• diamond cutting - Here they act on professional sharp cutters. The equipment allows dismantling if there is no reinforcement and the thickness of the concrete in the concrete layer does not exceed 30 cm;
• impact method - The easiest and most economical option. It is effective, but requires labor costs. The layer is removed using perforators and jackhammers.

After dismantling, the sludge is formed inevitably, which is driven out of the site of work. After that, the foundation is inspected for damage. If they are revealed, repairs are carried out.

Features of tie for warm floors

When working with such a type of construction, the placement of compensation seams is thought out in advance. They must be between each section of the warm floor for the entire thickness of the screed. The tapes of the damper divide the area on the cards, as a rule, with an area of \u200b\u200b3 * 3 m and fixed before work.

Outdoor heating work both traditional and semi-tie. But, the second option is more preferable, albeit roads. Concrete is served by pneumon pump, stacking alternately on each card deleted by the damper ribbon.

Concrete floor device for soil

The technology is in demand in garages, basements, in a wide variety of economic buildings, in private residential buildings.

Before the start of work, you should consider the requirements for the soil layer:

• the soil must be dry;
• depth of underground water - at least 4-5 m;
• the device of the floor on movable soils is unacceptable.

The design is placed in rooms operated (heated) in winter time. Otherwise, the soils are freezed and the screed is deformed. It is better to start working after the end of the construction of walls and roofs.

The device of concrete floor on the soil involves special attention to waterproofing

First Stage Technology - Marking

The task of this stage is the correct determination of the zero level.

For this make the following:

• from the bottom of the doorway retreats 100 cm up. On the adjacent wall put a mark;
• such markers are transferred throughout the perimeter and are connected to a single line;
• from the baseline, 100 cm are measured down strictly vertically. Put a mark;
• marks are transferred throughout the perimeter and output zero level;
• by moving the zero level to the required distance, you can set the optimal thickness of the screed;
• according to the zero level, at the corners of the room, a dowel is driven, according to which the folding cord is tightened.

Cleaning and grinding soil

If there is a construction garbage on the basis, it is removed. Next, the upper layer of soil is sampled. The technology implies a multi-layer design device, a thickness of 30-35 cm, and it is precisely the soil that turns out this thickness. The reference is the zero level.

Getting trashing and leveling the base. Special vibrating plates are taken to work. The tool is working until the tight and flat base is obtained, without rewards and recesses.

For additional alignment, strengthening, waterproofing design, it makes sense to arrange a sand pillow. The average thickness of the backfill - 5 cm. The layer is moistened and trambed. You can do otherwise, putting a layer of clay with moisturizing and rubbing, and then the sand layer. Such a solution will provide additional protection against moisture.

Next arrange the gravel layer. Its thickness varies in the range of 5-10 cm. It will surely be trambed. It is placed on it another sandy layer of 10 cm + seal is carried out. If required, you can strengthen the pillow by another layer of rubble fraction 4-5 cm and the finish thin layer of sand. Each layer is always checked by level.

Waterproofing device

To protect the concrete screed from moisture supply, special membranes with waterproofing properties are used or a dense P / E film, not lower than 200 microns thick. The protection device is extremely simple. Material is laid out based on the walls by the wall of the project level. It takes a total of 10-15 cm and the cloak of the joints with waterproof construction scotch.

For the organization of the insulating layer, the following materials are used to choose from:

• isolon (in rolls);
• kramzit large phrastructal;
• styrofoam;
• mineral wool plates.

The rolled insulation also stacked the brass with a mixture of butt with bitumen mastic. Ceramzite is poured on the required thickness and compacted.

Mats and plates of foam or minvati fit the rotor, so that the seams overlap

Reinforcement screed

Since the design of the multilayer reinforcement stage is mandatory. A steel or fiberglass stack can be used as the main material. Alternatively, you can take the reinforcement rod and tie it into the grid.

The cell size depends on the design loads on the design. For low - it is 20 * 20 cm, for medium - 15 * 15 cm, for high - 10 * 10 cm. Sheets are associated with a flexible metal wire.

The system should be placed in the thickness of concrete, so the installation is carried out using special stands - chairs. The height of the chairs should reach 20-30 cm.

Installation of guides and formwork

According to the technology, further work It is impossible to carry out without installing guides.

To do this, hold the following:

• the base is divided into several cards 200 cm wide, the sections are separated by the guides. A metallic galvanized profile is taken as the main material;
• all profile is installed strictly at one level;
• fixation is implemented using a slide of a concrete solution.

A formwork should be installed between the guides. So you can get finished pouring cards. Each site is consistently filled with concrete. For formwork traditionally take waterproof plywood sheets or boards.

Prior to the beginning of the next stage of work, the correctness of the installation of the guide levels is checked. If the differences are detected, the position of the beacon changes. Otherwise, make a smooth concrete floor will not work. Formwork elements are treated with a special composition, which will allow them to easily remove later.

Pouring concrete

The concrete solution is poured by pre-prepared cards. To work it is convenient to use the finished concrete, which is quickly fed and is distributed based on the base and allows you to get the most uniform and monolithic design.

If a decision on independent preparation of the mixture is made, use the concrete mixer. Cement (M400-M500 on varying strength) is loaded into it, sand in a ratio of 1: 2, then crushed stone - 4 parts and water half from the amount of cement. The amount of indictment water may vary depending on the humidity of the aggregate. The mixture is processed in a concrete mixer until maximum homogeneous obtaining.

Work starts from a long corner. For one technological approach, several cards fill. The solution is spawned by a shovel and compacted by vibrators. Next, they work the rule by moving them on the guides towards themselves.

When processing is completed, a day after the fill from the design, the formwork is getting. Formed voids are filled with mortar. The surface is covered with a film and is regularly moistened with water.

Pouring self-leveling mixture

The material is locked with water and applied to the floor, ranging from a long corner

Pouring a leveled composition will allow to hide small disadvantages and get a perfectly smooth surface. As a rule, they take ready-made dry mixes. The distribution is traditionally made using the rule. Further the composition is left before full ripening, usually for 2-3 days. Actual deadlines are indicated in the manufacturer's instructions.

Strengthening concrete floors

When the screed is ready, it makes sense to work with hardening, especially if the design will be operated in harsh environments. So the surface will acquire resistance to mechanical, temperature and chemical exposure. In practice, the hardening of dry topping is most often applied and the introduction of special impregnations.

Impregnations, silers are applied to a new concrete after 1-2 weeks after filling. The compositions are spread over the surface by the hydrofit and are distributed using raklie, rollers or spatulas. After half an hour after the coating, chemical reactions and gelation begin.

So that the process goes more actively, the floor is additionally moisturized. When there is a complete saturation of the surface, the remnants of the cyllars are washed off with water, the screed is cleaned with a cleaner or pure rag. Next concrete is left to full maturation.

If such a hardening method is selected, as tipping, corundum, quartz or metal fillers can be used. Works are carried out with the participation of special throat machines. Design toppings better in advanceSince such manipulations oblige to high-quality screed processing with vibrations or deep vibrators. The recipe for the solution must not contain plasticizers and other additives.

For the first time, the completion is made after the primary setting, as a rule, 3-6 hours after the fill. The track from shoes should not fall into a layer of more than 5 mm. On the screed with special dosing carts, 2/3 of the composition is distributed. After the mixture darkening, the mixture is carried out so that the Topping can be embedded in the surface.

Without a break, the remainder is made and then act in the same way. Finishing processing is carried out only after the concrete is strong enough. It is easy to check, putting on the screed, the track from the shoes should not fall more than 1 mm.

After hardening, the finish coating can be applied, for example, epoxy or polyurethane varnishes or paint frames on a polymer basis.

How to avoid basic mistakes

The most common defects of the screeds are formed against the background of illiterate cooking of the working solution. So, should not be introduced into the formulation of lime. Although it will increase the plasticity of the mixture, but will significantly worsen the strength of the finished design. It is unacceptable to use too liquid mortar. In view of the content of excessive water, the system will dry not one month. You can count on less strength, greater shrinkage and cracking.

Do not save on alignment and apply a cement-lime solution, which remained after the completion of the plastered walls. Such a layer will quickly fall off with the finish flooring.

Due to lack of moisture upper layer Too quickly hardens and the design will not receive the required strength, so the floor should be moisturized

You can not neglect the leaving activities.

Materials, Equipment and Tools for Concrete Floor Device

To ensure continuity technological processThe construction site should contain the whole set of materials and equipment.

The following materials will be required for the device of the concrete screed:

• cement - the vintage strength must correspond to the M400-M500;
• sand - only high-quality career material is used. If required, it is sieved through a sieve. Application river sandwho has not passed special processing is unacceptable. Such a type has smooth grains, which negatively affects the strength characteristics. This type is better to use for backfilling. sand pillow on the soil;
• crushed stone or gravel - the classic component of the concrete mix. The size of the fraction is chosen with a support for the thickness of the screed;
• ceramzit - It is used in cases where it is necessary to provide additional thermal insulation. Instead of clay, you can use mineral wool or polystyrene plates. All materials are suitable for the design of structures on ready-made concrete slabs or soil;
• fibrovolokno - for additional reinforcement;
• steel reinforcing grid With the size of the cells corresponding to the project loads and the rod diameter of 6-8 mm + knitting wire. Instead of steel you can use fiberglass or a simple reinforcing rod;
• galvanized metal profile - It is convenient to use the P-shaped profile that works in plasterboard systems as guides. In some cases, the installation of beacons is carried out with the participation of a plaster T-shaped profile, but it is less convenient;
• p / e fil - acts as a waterproofing layer and serves as an undermined material for the care of the freshly lined tie;
• leveling compositions - can be used for finish alignment Coatings.

Equipment set:

• a concrete mixer or a powerful building mixer - are used to prepare working solutions;
• pneumatic phase, mortar pumps - are required for mechanical fill with semi-dry screed;
• vibrorekes - serve to compact the laid solution;
• level, rule, ruler, - tool for measurements, drawing markup, verification of evenness;
• pure packaging, glades, shovels, spatulas, trowels;
• tamping machines are used to seal intermediate layers in multi-layer screed;
• fucking hammers, perforators are attracted to dismantle old structures.

Safety technique

Concrete work requires compliance with general health and safety standards. Only adult persons who have passed the internship, instructing, medical examination and own management skills are allowed to technology. Cement and other building materials are able to cause skin irritation and mucous membranes In the case of a long contact, which obliges to use overalls, personal protective equipment. All electrical equipment located on the site must be checked for health and grounded.

Cost of work

The price of works on the device of concrete floors depend on the technology used, the type of base available, the scope of work.

On average, you can talk about such rates:

• removal of an old concrete screed - from 220 p / m2;
• preparation and dedusting of the base - from 105 p / m2;
• repair of the base - from 140 p / m2;
• reinforcement - from 175 p / m2;
• pouring screed up to from 30 mm - 450 p / m2;
• pouring screed from 50 mm - from 550 p / m2;
• the device of the sampler layer is from 315 p / m2.

Rates for concrete floors are subject to seasonal and climatic conditions.

conclusions

The technology of the device of concrete floors is an effective solution, the most requested in modern construction. Laying on the concrete slabs of overlappings or on the soil helps to create a durable surface with a long service life. However, to get qualitative results Do not save on materials and professional approach to work.

The device of concrete industrial floor in all technological details is shown in the video:

Ecology of consumption. Manage: One of the most important structural nodes of any building is the floor system - not the finish decorative coating, and the whole "pie", consisting of several layers. There are several types of overlap distinguished by the raw material base, manufacturing method and characteristics.

One of the most important structural nodes of any building is the floor system- Do not finish decorative coating, but the whole "pie" consisting of several layers. There are several types of overlap distinguished by the raw material base, manufacturing method and characteristics.

Each, faced with a construction or capital reconstruction, makes a choice in favor of one of the systems, based on its capabilities, preferences and parameters of the building. It is convenient that some designs suggest the simultaneous creation of the outdoor heating circuit - the only or additional. Consider the main systems of the floor

• floors on the soil
• floors by lagas
• floors on zhb plates

Floors on the soil

Monolithic overlap is a multi-layered design, suitable directly on Earth inside the foundation perimeter, a variety of concrete screed.

The system consists of the following layers:

Suffered primer - Depending on the level of the Earth, the extra centimeters are being added or, on the contrary. The more thoroughly tram and the surface is leveling, the stronger will be more reliable.

Runfather- most often used sand. If a thick layer is needed due to the height of the cake, it is recommended to fright in several approaches with the rubbing of each layer (10-15 cm). In order to maximize the soil and submission, the crushed stone layer of the large fraction is poured over the sand over the sand. It is also possible to use instead of separate layers of sand and rubble of the common Layer of PGS, the tamper is obligatory regardless of the type of frustration. Vibratinglitis, a few approaches with the change of direction of movements, is the best friend of flights on the soil.

Black screed - layer of concrete in several centimeters without reinforcement. It is relevant at strong soil water treatment and when creating in-depth structures - in basements, ground floors. Bituminous waterproofing, a sealing surface and requiring a smooth, rigid base, will be filmed over the scroll. If we are talking about ordinary floors on the soil and there are no problems with overvoltage, cost without this layer.

Waterproofing- cuts off moisture that will arrive from below, used various materialsBut in most cases it is a thick film (from 150 MK), placed in a margin with a reserve (15-20 cm), one or two layers. The joints of the joints are sicked with a tape for tightness, 20 cm of film is starting onto the walls.

Insulation - For insulation of the overlap, slab materials are used (PSB-25 or EPPS, thickness from 100 mm), stacked on top of waterproofing. When using extruded polystyrene foam from above, another layer of film is needed to prevent direct contact with cement mortar. The foam of such a neighborhood is not afraid.

Screed- The thickness of the concrete layer and the grade of the solution used is calculated, based on the intended loads, on average it is 50 mm. Chat reinforced metal mesh 4 mm thick. The thicker layer of the screed and more alleged loads, the thicker should be a grid. In order for a layer of concrete, protecting filling from external influences, was uniform, use special plastic stands or fir-handed tools. To comply with the level of the fill use lighthouses installed at an equal distance.

With a standard cake, there are two ways to create sex in the soil - With the combination of the plate and the foundation (rigid bunch) and through the damper tape (floating screed), you can learn more about the damper tape from the material "dry screed ...". In the first case, the design is obtained dependent on the possible shrinkage of the foundation, in the second screed lives its own life and is not exposed to deformities.

To the advantages of floorstheir energy efficiency belongs - they accumulate warmly, versatility are suitable for various types of soil, durability - about the correctly made screed can be forgotten for many years. Also attractive for owners of houses the opportunity to immediately pour into the screed circuit of outdoor heating - water or electric. Plus for most finishing materials The resulting stove will be the best base with minimal adjustment or without it without it, if you try and withstand the level. For example, for a bulk decorative floor, a concrete base is considered to be the optimal option.

But without disadvantages, there was no longer a lot of laboriousness of the process (one of the forum users earned a protrusion of discs, without having to calculate its own forces), and the inability to communicate in the ground, and the rise in price of a square meter for large backfilling volumes. However, this is one of the most sought-after floor types.

Boy overlap, unlike the monolithic concrete slab. When creating floors on lags, a "lattice" is obtained from longitudinal elements - wooden, metallic or zhb beams.

In one-story I. frame house building More in demand wooden beams or logs- They withstand heavy loads, their laying does not require special time costs and wet processes. The required beam thickness is calculated, based on the alleged loads, the optimal indicator is 1/24 from the length. Wood is on the beams coniferous rockshow more stable external influences, Humidity should not exceed 14%. Before applying, the processing of special antiseptic compositions is carried out - to prevent pests and microorganisms.

Depending on the type of foundation, the beams are installed in special grooves (leaving when pouring or masonry, cut out in wooden bases) or fit on top. If the beams are in contact with metal, concrete or brick, needed additional waterproofing In the joints of the joint (resin, rubberoid, film).

Typical beam overlap pie consists of the following layers.:

Overlapping beams - a step between the elements depends on the alleged loads and the length of the span, on average - 1 m.

Lags (doom) - Wooden bar, stacked perpendicularly to beams, the greater the distance between the beams, the more powerful lags should be. To withstand the level with twisted beams, wooden gaskets are used, the distance from the wall to lags is 20 cm. Through the step, take into account this nuance. When the distance between the beams is less than 80 cm, you can immediately mount the draft floor, without lag.

The draft floor is necessary for laying insulation, it is laid between lags or between beams, at a small step. The fasteners are used for cranial bars (a bar with a smaller cross section) attached to beams or lags. The boards are laid on the bars without using fasteners, are located closely, but lie freely.

Waterproofing - protects the insulation from absorption of moisture from the sample, but should not detain steam, so the usual film does not fit. It is possible to abandon waterproofing, if the underground is dry and groundwater level is low.

Insulation - Most often, slaughter or rolled materials are used: stone wool, PSB, EPPS or flowing materials such as eco-art.

Parosolation is a special membrane or ordinary polyethylene film.

Ventilation clearance - When designing the overlap, it is recommended to choose lags that will be slightly above the insulation layer - the gap is automatically left for ventilation. If this was not done, then after laying the insulation, the timber is stuffed, which will give the desired distance.

Li, after the insulation, another layer of draft floor depends on the future finishing coating - the boardless or slave varieties of self-supporting, for linoleum and carpet, will have to be spent on the base layer.

The advantages of such an outdoor system include the rate of construction, a reduced load on the foundation, the lack of heavy physical exertion in the manufacture (do not need to drag sand tons and rubble, fill the cubic meters of concrete).

Among the shortcomings, the need for effective ventilation ventilation, a smaller load limit, wood fire hazard and less, compared to concrete, durability. Also to make outdoor water heatingIt will take advantage of additional funds on the screed or apply alternative systems, such as a wooden floor on wooden lags. Nevertheless, the overlaps of this type choose many developers, including the portal participants, modifying a typical pie for their parameters.

Kolyaseg was replaced by the wiring film, calculating that it would be more reliable to retain the insulation from destruction, taking into account the gaps in the draft floor.

Floors on zhb plates

As well as the floors on the ground - the boardless overlap, with the difference that the reinforced concrete plate does not pouroned in place, and is purchased ready.

Survived option for homes with a full-fledged ground floor or basement when the stove is simultaneously and the bottom level ceiling. Unlike the floor of the soil and gender on lags, you need to attract construction machinerySince it is impossible to put manually to put manually. But in the speed of the slab overlap the slab wins all other options.

Plates of overlaps are manufactured industrial method In two categories - single-layer solid and crowded. The first is reinforced monolith, the second-cutting rounded holes (channels) are conveniently hiding communications. In private construction used mainly crowded plates.

Their thickness is 220 mm, they are easier for solid, have reduced thermal conductivity and better isolate sound. With a standard thickness, the slabs are capable of withstanding different loads, depending on the brand of concrete and the parameters of the reinforcement frame. The length varies from 2.4 meters to 6.8 meters, width - from 1.2 to 1.5 meters, weight - from 0.9 to 2.5 tons.

Plate laying is carried out in several stages:

Preparation of the foundation - the foundation for the slab should be perfectly smooth. If there are minor drops when pouring (up to 5 cm), they are aligned with cement-sanding tie. In some cases, especially in areas with a bias, it may be necessary to fill the concrete armoomas or brickwork.

Plate preparation - Before laying, the channels in the ends are closed with a heater (pushing inside) and cement mortar (smeared).

Opportuning - how much plate should be based on the base depends on its type: the backrest on the brickwork is from 125 mm, on concrete - from 60 mm, the long side of the slab on the foundation does not rely. If the stoves laid nearby have eyelashes, they are connected to each other (welded by reinforcement), if the plates without lylish, after extracting the chill (fixture for laying) they are shifted closely.

In the contact places, the plates and base are placed in a layer of cement mortar (M100) - 2 cm, the reinforcement rod (thickness is 10-12 mm), laid in the center of the seam, will help prevent squeezing. Laying is possible and on a dry base, but this is not the case when it makes sense to save. If the plate is simultaneously and the base of the floor, and the ceiling of the lower room, it is stacked by a smooth part down to simplify the finish.

Revision - After laying, be sure to close the formed between the segments of the seams: with a slight thickness, the CPS is used, with thick seams, a crushed stone fraction is added to the solution.

ZHB Plates are considered one of the most durable and reliable types of overlap, they are not required for several weeks to the final grasp, when proper montage It turns out a smooth surface. Depending on the type of finishing, it may be necessary to pour the thin layer of the screed (under the warm floor) or the alignment of the self-election mixture. And the installation of cladding is possible immediately on the stove, without additional operations.

To minuses platular overlaps It is possible to include an increase in the load on the foundation, the need to attract special equipment and a higher thermal conductivity of the resulting coating than that of systems with insulation. The disadvantages have each type of floor, many choose the ZBB plate as optimal option.

What is convenient, some organizations make plates under the order, which simplifies the overlap of spans with non-standard dimensions. This method has rescued one of the participants of our portal, although he had to wait.

What type of overlap to choose, solve, based on a variety of factors: varieties of the foundation and a constructive of the house, financial capabilities, the presence or absence of henichrs health for the twinkling of tons of materials, etc.

Regardless of the selected option, only the compliance of the design by the estimated loads, the adherence to technology and quality materials guarantee the strength and durability of the outdoor system. In addition, additional measures are important - the insulation of the foundation and the breakfast, the presence of a drainage system. Published

The floors over concrete slabs are able to withstand high loads. For this reason, most often they become part of the designs of multi-storey houses. Plate laying is a pretty simple task, but the features of the material make some adjustments to the floor process.

What should I consider working with a concrete base?

1. Surface irregularity;
2. Gaps between plates;
3. Sufficient cool temperature.

Concrete screed device diagram with insulation

The flooring device on the stove involves the presence of several options. The easiest is the fill of the screed. It can be made in several ways:

• Mixing sand and cement (with the addition of water);
• Preparing a special mixture.

The Dedovsky method is now not very relevant. Where better the second option. Of course, the acquisition of a dry mix will cost a little more expensive, but the result of its application will be much better. The fact is that manufacturers have exposed advanced compounds to the market, which includes plasticizers, polymers and other components that increase product quality.

Mounting process

First of all, it is necessary to inspect the stove for the availability of defects to know what places will have to pay more attention when pouring the solution. After it (roller or brush), primer is applied.

Important! It is best to use deep penetration primer. When the surface is driving, you should go to the screed. The layer should not be very thick. His task is to hide defects and align the surface slightly. Somewhere in a day, the screed will dry and it can be covered with a film. Polyethylene will play the role of steam and waterproofer. The film should cover not only the floor, but also at least 15 centimeters of the wall.

After all over the area, metal profiles or slats from a tree are exhibited. So called lighthouses are installed in one horizontal plane.

How to install a lighthouse?

Installing the lighthouses from the aluminum profile by level

1. In the corner of the room, near the slate itself, set the laser level. When the light rays denote on the walls of the contour, make sure that they exactly repeat the level of the floor by which it will be necessary to carry out the finish.
2. It is necessary to install beacons throughout the area (by contour) at a distance of a little less than the length of the rules that the screed will be aligned. Previously, durable threads are stretched from opposite walls. They are attached to self-drawing. Lighthouses are fixed with a gypsum or screed solution.

Finishing steps

Example of pouring screed and alignment of the lighthouse solution

By installing beacons, you can move to laying insulation. Limitations in the choice of material are absent, but the most optimal will be clay. It does not need to be protected by film, unlike porous insulation. After the cores of the main screed come. It should be dense, and also have a thickness capable of withstanding heavy loads (5-15 cm).

Important! To make a smooth floor, you need to use a rule. It should be put on lighthouses and pull over. As a result, the extra solution is drawn to the wall and fill the irregularities.

The floor will dry in a few days. Then you can remove beacons and pour the gaps. Finish finish It is recommended to spend only on an absolutely dry surface.

We make a boardwalk

Wooden floor and now the most popular in private houses. Its styling is not particularly difficult. Starting the device is needed from the elimination of base defects. The usual solution on the basis of cement will be consistent. They close cracks, chips, seams between the plates.

Then using laser level The contour, according to which, eventually exhibit a finishing surface, and the cores of the creation of a common structure will come.

Main works

Installation of wooden lags for fire

The floor is covered with waterproofing material, as indicated at the beginning. Then the lags are mounted. They are installed in one horizontal plane.

Important! Lags are fixed perpendicular to the boards, and the boards are perpendicular to the wall with the window.

There are several options:

1. With the help of long self-sneakers, the lags cut through and fixed to the floor. Holes in the stove are done in advance. Plastic dowels are inserted into them.
2. At the edges of Lag, you can install supports made from wooden rails or pieces of lag. Supports are attached to the floor, the lags are stacked between them.
3. Modern method - device lag on lifting devices.

Finishing steps

Diagram of the adobe device with insulation

After installing and fixing, the lag should do floor insulation. Laying the insulation is made in the inter-market space. The type of material used is not important, its thickness is important. During the device wooden floors The main thing is not to forget to leave the gap between the clean coating and insulation. It will become ventilation that will remove excess moisture and increase the duration of the operation of the coating and thermal insulation materials.

Now it remains to cover the surface with polyethylene and go to the final step - laying the boards.

Water floors

Before moving to the warm water floors, you need to deal with their thermal insulation. For this case, the foil insulation is best suitable. It is covered with a reinforcing grid. After you can already lay out pipes for water heating. They are fixed to the grid by plastic clamps.

Important! For greater reliability, over the design also fill the reinforcing grid.

To protect compensatory seams along the walls, pipes are folded (corrugated). Go to the pouring concrete will be possible after conducting hydraulic tests. Water system Checked for faults during the day. All problems discovered are promptly corrected.

Diagram of device screed with water warm floor

To make the finishing hidden water floor, you need to use cement mortar. The layer thickness should be within 5-15 cm. In a day or two, it will dry, after which it will be possible to move on to the direct operation of a warm floor. Improve the temperature should be gradually.

This method of the device for warm water floors is relevant not only if the slab is the flooring as the basis, but also the concrete floor on the ground. The water floor is perfect for both at home and for the apartment. It is warm, durable, protects against moisture and mold.

Laying bulk floors

To make the bulk floor with the main coating, you need to start with primer base. Epoxy or polyurethane primer is applied in two layers (only from one mixture). The face layer is applied solely on the decorated coating. Particularly spectacular on the surface looks like a photo printing. It is done on a special film, and on top of the transparent bulk floor.

Technology laying

The process of liquidate floors is beginning with a standard procedure - cleaning the surface from dust and contamination. Next is applied primer. After drying it along the vertical surfaces, which will contact with a bulk floor, the damping tape is glued along the perimeter. It protects the bulk base from cracking.

Then the application of the liquid floor solution will come. It needs to be done, who is clearly following the instructions, using an electromyer on small revolutions.

Laying of bulk sex on concrete base

Important! To get a homogeneous composition, you need to stir the mixture on the principle: signed-stopped. The duration of the action of inaction should be the same and not exceed 5 minutes.

The finished solution is poured into the surface and distributed with a roller or a spatula, and the air bubbles are removed with a needle roller. The fill thickness must be at least 3 cm. Now you need to wait when the coating hardens.

Important! Straight sunlight And the drafts negatively affect the uncadded material.

At the time of complete drying of the surface also affects its thickness. Terms of hardening are indicated on the packaging of a dry mixture. As a rule, work on laying ceramic tiles starts already after three days, and the carpet device is a week later.

Role of OSP in the floor

Laying of OSB or plywood for floor alignment

OSP or OSB are used to achieve one of or all 3 tasks:

1. To align the floor and hide defects.
2. In order to provide good sound insulation. The multilayer structure successfully absorbs noise.
3. To insulate the floor and make high-quality waterproofing. Material on a natural basis is characterized by increased moisture resistance and greatly saves heat.

Features of the application of material

OSP (OSB) are not always attached to the floor. If a concrete base has large height differences or significant irregularities, the plates are fixed on wooden bars. The latter successfully act as a lag.

Important! The maximum resistance to deformation is provided by an OSP (OSB) - a thickness of 10 mm thick. They are placed in two layers (with offset). The fastening of parts of the material is carried out with the help of glue or spiral nails.

The relatively smooth surface of the OSP (OSB) is lagged without the use of lag. Thickness of one plate is often quite enough to level the surface. OSP (OSB) is fixed with dowels or with self-tapping screws.

The material is characterized by high moisture resistance, but still absorbs a minor part of moisture. Because of this, he expands slightly. The expansion compression can be compensated, leaving between OSP (OSB) plates (up to 3 mm).

After laying the material, you can start finishing work. Although, it is not necessary to use tile, laminate or linoleum. OSP (OSB) - Material in itself is considered presentable warm coating for home. It needs to be simply cleaned and covered with several layers of varnish.

Important! Planning the laying of a roll material, create a smooth transition to the stoves. To ensure it, you need to use an OSP (OSB) minimum thickness. Wall cleaners are processed by sealant.

centro-Pol.ru.

Flooring floor by floor slabs

At first glance, the design of the floor on a concrete basis is nothing complicated.

However, for the correct installation technology, it is necessary to take into account many factors that may affect one way or another for its service life.

This is a multi-layered house design element, subjected to numerous loads and exposure to the external environment, so the design of work should be taken with due attention and responsibility.

Technological requirements

The correct gender device on a concrete plate is performed in accordance with construction requirements and norms. They are characterized by the design features of all elements.

In addition, they must match standard requirementscharacteristic of this situation: be durable, moisture-resistant, wear-resistant.

By making the floor for a residential premises, you need to think about heat and sound insulation in advance. If we talk about standard technological requirements, we can allocate a number of rules characteristic of this situation.

Characterization, technical conditions. Description

GOST 31358 - 2007	Dry building floor mixture on cement basis	Properties and compositions of cement mixture. Use for a floor
GOST 10178 - 85	Cement	Technical features and requirements for the material used for the screed
GOST 25328 - 82	Cement for building mortar	Regulatory data relating to the composition and characteristics of the mixture
GOST 24640 - 91	Additive for cement	View and method of using the additive used to fill the floors
GOST 7473 - 94	Concrete mix	Formulations, manufacturing and use of a mixture on a concrete basis
SNIP 2.03.01-84	Concrete and reinforced concrete design	Installation of w / w designs, Floors with reinforcement
Snip 3.02.01-87	Earth construction base and foundation	Process of mounting draft floors
SP 52 - 101 - 2003	Concrete and reinforced concrete design without pre-voltage of reinforcement	The process of reinforcing concrete
SNiP 2.03.13-88	Floors	Constructive Floor Solution, Installation Requirements

Designing, the choice of material and installation must be performed on the basis of the requirements presented in these documents. Compliance with standards will create a surface that will respond to all set parameters.

Among other things, it will have the following characteristics:

1. Will be created smooth and durable base, convenient and practical for the safe movement of people.
2. It will be high-quality, wear-resistant, durable.
3. According to sanitary-epidemiological standards, the foundation will be created harmless to humans and providing good conditions For accommodation.
4. The operational standard characterizes the ease of care and possible repairs.

All documents were developed by experts and engineers, so it is not recommended to neglect them.

Classification

Floors consisting of screed, insulation and floor coverings are called separate

The full analysis of the element allows you to select several categories of floors separated by purpose. These are manufacturing buildings, residential buildings, public institutions and livestock facilities.

There are some more distinguishing features, first of all, separation by type: monolithic, rolled and piece. The installation of the installation site is divided depending on the location: above the heated room, the design of the flooring on the ground, according to the intergenerational overlap.

Relatively sanitary standards highlight 3 types of floor installation:

• single-layer, manufactured from a material corresponding to GOST for heat loss and sound-resistant;
• separate design made of a separate layer of sound insulation, screed and finishing coating;
• empty, performed by lags (subservabuses) with styling between them and sound insulation.

Understand how to make a good floor when complying with numerous requirements, it is possible only after fully familiar with the standards.

Characteristics of concrete base

Being before the question of which sex is better, many come to the conclusion that the concrete base is one of the most unpretentious.

It exceeds a tree for many reasons, the main one of which is immunity to the formation of rotting processes.

In addition, the concrete will not scary from time to time, has a sufficiently strong surface, which is practically not afraid of mechanical impacts.

Indicators of moisture resistance compared to the tree, too, at the height. However, it should be borne in mind that some of the disadvantages of wooden floor can be eliminated by using modern technologies.

Do not exalt concrete surface And forget about her minuses. From constantly cold sex you can get rid of only after installing an additional source of its heating (warm floor). Based on this, the most optimal option will be laying directly on the tile concrete in the bathroom, toilet or kitchen. For residential premises, living rooms are advised to use other materials with peculiar warmth and comfort.

Laying wooden floor

Boards can be glued to concrete or put on wooden lags

To put a tree on a concrete base, you can use one of 3 methods.

Each of them is rationally different from the previous one, which allows us to talk about different advantages and disadvantages.

Methods are as follows:

• boards are glued to concrete base;
• stacked on wooden lags;
• stay on plywood sheets.

All methods of the floor of the floor on a concrete plate combines one - the surface preparation is performed identically, regardless of further action.

The screed must be carefully sucked and leveled.

Convex sites can be removed with grinding grinding, depressions - poured a self-leveling mixture.

After that, it is recommended to prepare the basis for laying communications passing under the floor. It can be elements of warm floors, a sewage pipeline, water supply, electric, television or internet cable.

Cuts can be made by a grinder

When processing the room with an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 50 m2, it is desirable to make seams that limit the strain deformation. In this case, with the help of a grinder with a diamond circle, several cuts are made. Only after that the primer base is allowed.

The antiseptic will perform the role of waterproofing and will prevent the base from the formation of mold or fungal growths on wooden elements. The most optimal impregnation option is a single-component primer mixture. Making sure that the concrete is completely dry, you can be taken for laying the floor.

The moisture content of the base plate should be no more than 4%.

Blind

Sharpen a wide board with polyurethane composition

The glued floor design is considered the most common wood installation method on concrete bases. This uses various types of compositions that differ depending on the type of board.

Wide massive is glued with a modified elastic one-component polyurethane glue. A narrow massive or engineering board is fixed on a two-component polyurethane composition.

The order of work is as follows:

1. Screw the boards of the desired size.
2. The adhesive composition is applied from the far corner of the room to the neighbor, the distribution over the surface is carried out using a toothed spatula.
3. 3 - 4 boards are superimposed on this site and are firmly fixed. At the same time, it should be tightly pressing them to each other, it is allowed to do it with a tight belt or clins.
4. After checking the laid series, the procedure is performed by the previously described method. For details on how to glue the finishing material to the floor, see this video:

The distance between the extreme board and the wall should be at least 10 - 15 mm.

Laying on lags

Lags should be no thinner 2 cm

Such a device involves the installation of boards on wooden lags, firmly fixed on a concrete base. This method can only be used if their thickness is more than 20 mm. Otherwise, they will be fed under load.

Distribute the timber on the surface is allowed according to the approved parameters, depending on the thickness of the board. To independently define this value, you can be guided by the table below.

The Lag cross section in this situation does not play the role, since their installation is performed on a solid surface.

Boards are fixed by self-drawing

Only after all calculations are made, and the material is purchased and sliced \u200b\u200bby the desired size, You can begin to independently install.

At the same time, do not forget to process all wooden elements Designs with an antiseptic that protects it from moisture and fungus.

The order of work is to fulfill the following actions:

The feature of the design is more cost and the possibility of placing under the floor heat insulation, hide communications there.

On Faneru

Recommend to lay a phaneer diagonally

To lay the wooden floor on the concrete slab, sheets of plywood or OSB thick 16 - 20 mm are used.

Material must be moisture resistant. Bought plates are cut into small strips of 50 - 80 cm wide.

The laying is carried out in the diagonal direction to the location of the coating. The gaps between them should not exceed 3 mm. The strips are glued with glue or fix on a dowel of nails. After installation, the surface is thoroughly polished and cleaned from dust.

It is important that the plywood is too thin

The advantage of this method is the ability to level the surface having a height of up to 1 cm. The method of laying on the phaneer is considered the easiest and inexpensive.

However, performing installation, you need to take into account several features. First of all, it is the thickness of the sheets, which should correspond to the size of the boards, silent. In addition, mandatory processing of primer and careful sweeping.

The advantage over the method using the lag is that the height of the ceilings of the room is practically not changed.

Sometimes the opinions of ignorant people are heard that the flooring device on a concrete slab is quite complex, expensive and troublesome occupation. In fact, this is not so.

A wide selection of modern building and finishing materials allows you to solve this problem in a short period of time. At the same time, the coating will be sufficiently warm and durable, although it will be located on a cold concrete plate. About how to install plywood sheets to lag, see this video:

The only thing in this situation is required from you - accurate compliance with technological requirements and regulations related to the various characteristic properties of building materials used to perform work.

guropola.ru.

Paul device on a concrete plate - Best technologies and methods of manufacturing

From the author: Greetings, dear reader! We all sooner or later come across the repair in the hope of making their accommodation most comfortable and wonderful, because the house is our fortress. This is the place where we can stay alone with yourself, and where we feel protected. As soon as we begin to think about repair, we begin to look at the prices of materials and services, and just immediately understand that it is not possible to save a lot on the material, but from the construction services you can refuse, making repairs with your own hands. One of the upcoming operations is laying of floors, and you can vital to know the flooring device on a concrete slab, otherwise the problems with the repair is not accurate.

Types of floors and their designs

For a start, let's figure out which technologies of the manufacture of fees from concrete are generally there, since they are not all suitable for mounting in an apartment or house. Some of them may not satisfy your requests or cause damage to the budget. So, the following types of floors are distinguished:

• on concrete slabs;
• on the ground;
• wooden on concrete slabs;
• concrete with wooden base;
• concrete for industrial buildings;
• from fibrobeton;
• warm (if you want to know how to do it, look here).

Now you will understand what what is needed for what is manufactured, and what is their advantages with disadvantages.

Floors on concrete floors

Such a type of sex is the most common, since most residents of cities live in apartments, and all overlaps apartment houses Made exclusively using reinforced concrete slabs. You can make any gender, be it wooden or warm, floating or styling inexpensive linoleum.

Plates of overlappings are a versatile base - they are strong, capable of withstanding a tremendous load and operated for many years in the harsh conditions, while not losing their strength properties. But what kind of coating we would not fit, it costs to remember needed sequence Action in laying various layers. In any case, the manufacture of wooden floors on concrete overlaps is as follows:

1. Preparation of the base, cleaning or screed.
2. Installation of the installation of the lag and applying to the surface of special glue.
3. Laying lag strictly horizontally, using a hydroeer or a regular level.
4. Laying on top of the lag of the waterproofing layer.
5. Laying the insulation between lags.
6. Placing a rough layer, be it board, plywood or chipboard.
7. Layer of vaporizolation.
8. Substrate.
9. Cutting, laminate or parquet, or boards.

The manufacture of concrete base occupies a much less time than wooden, but also the properties of him completely different. Such floors have extremely high strength compared to any other floor species, are not subject to destruction and aging. This floor is static, its thermal expansions are so slow and insignificant that any finite coating on it does not experience any deformation loads and is able to serve very long. With the right arrangement serves as an excellent barrier of heat loss, and when emergency situation, such as a flood, will not allow water to penetrate the neighbors.

Of the minuses you can select the following. Low heat capacity, i.e. bad ability to delay heat - therefore such a floor without a finishing coating will be almost always cold, unless manufactured using a warm floor technology. He is very hard. It has a serious burden on the supporting structures and the foundation, so if it is a private house, and even with floating soil, it is worth refraining from such a floor.

And now let's look at the sequence of work. It consists of the following steps:

1. Preparation of the surface.
2. Primer formulations of deep penetration.
3. Laying rolled waterproofing or application of liquid compositions with the same properties.
4. Installing the reinforcing cell, or the use of basalt fiber. In the case of reinforcement by cellular layers, we associate or weld them and put them on the pieces of bricks so as to move away from the surface (with the calculation so that the grid turns in the middle when the screed is filled).
5. Installing beacons. It is located on a solid strip from a cement solution with a small addition of alabastra - this "slide" is stacked over the reinforcing cell, but so that it does not hook.
6. Preparation of the solution with the use of plasticizers or several caps of shampoo.
7. Pouring solution, pulling the screed.
8. Laying vaporizoation, substrate and finishing coating.

Floors on the soil

This coating is typical for the newly erected buildings. The floor on the ground should correspond to many criteria - after all, he is the main barrier from the Earth, which constantly strives to destroy it, sat down in moisture and take away warmth.

To prevent the disastrous effects of these factors, the technology of multilayer laying is used. Work on the soil is performed as follows and in this order:

1. If we have a soft land at a base, cut off the upper layer, about 20-30 cm.
2. The resulting layer of land is trambed with a special metal chock or a press.
3. On the rammed land, we lay a pillow of sand mixed with rubble. The layer must be about 10-15 cm.
4. We put the damper ribbon from the foamed polyurethane.
5. Next, fill the roughing layer of the screed, without reinforcement and lighthouses. Fill with a layer of about 5-15 cm.
6. We lake the layer of polyethylene or rubberoid, for waterproofing.
7. Then lay the layer of insulating material. It is best to use foam or polystyrene foam.
8. We put the reinforcing mesh on the brick islands to create a gap and the arrangement location in the middle of the screed layer.
9. Install lighthouses.
10. We put the damper tape.
11. Fill the pure layer of the screed.
12. We are placing vapor barrier, substrate and any piston coating.

As you can see, there is nothing complicated in the manufacture of sex, and you are capable of doing it yourself in a short period of time. All that will stop you is the duration of drying layers.

Source: http://mrpol.su.

First, the land on which the pillow will be laid should be dry. If she is wet, wait for drying or dried using specialized diesel infrared guns that will effectively cope with such a task.

The roughing layer of the screed must dry completely - on average, it takes 20-25 days, and in a climate with high humidity - 28-30 days. The screed pure layer should be thinner, no more than 5 cm. It dries from Also 20-25 days.

So that this layer is high-quality, it is necessary immediately after the fill to cover with the film. It is abundantly wetted for even dry drying, and then covered with a polyethylene film for 3-4 days for a uniform distribution of moisture. Then remove the film and leave for 20-25 days for complete drying.

This method is efficiently used for the manufacture of sex in a private house, as it is usually only there there is a need to pour the screed to the ground. This end the discussion of making a screed on the ground with your own hands, and now we turn to the next mind.

Floors with basalt fiber

New in the building materials market. It appeared not so long ago, about seven years ago, but did not get much spread. Basalt Fiber is extremely strong fiber with amazing properties to resist breaks. Represents fibers most often white color Only 5-7 cm in length, which are supplied in bags.

The technology of manufacturing a concrete screed with basalt fiber is as follows. There are exactly the same operations as when pouring a regular screed, but with one cardinal difference. In the base, we do not invest reinforcing cells and rods, and instead, add basalt fibers directly to the solution, in the proportion, which is indicated on the package, and mix. After the fiber is frozen, the entire canvas of thousands of threads, which give the structures an incredible fortress and flexibility.

This method is rarely used in home construction, but almost all industrial facilities are built only. In cases where the support beams or ribs ribs are erected, the methods are combined, that is, the reinforcement is used, and basalt to produce heavy-duty structures.

Floors with wooden base

To understand what the manufacture of concrete floors on a wooden base, see this video very carefully. Either you exactly achieve the destruction of the whole design. No, we do not scare you, but just try to warn.

The fact is that wood and metal - materials with absolutely different nature, structure and properties. The tree is never in the statics mode, it always moves. Its dynamics is caused by humidity, temperature, degree of drying. It is forbidden to pour the tie to the tree at all if the tree is fresh - only after the expiration of the 3-year term!

From the effects of the same temperature, these materials are expanded in different ways, so they need to be combined so that they are completely independent of each other. For this purpose, an ordinary polyethylene film is used - concrete is absolutely not sticking to it and as if sliding, while the tree moves.

The whole process should be performed in the following sequence:

1. We remove the boardwalk and revision all the lags in order to remove damaged and rotten, otherwise the wooden floor may not withstand the load. Concrete plate 5 cm thick and 1m2 area weighs about 300 kg.
2. We restore the flooring and process the tree with an antiseptic and primer.
3. We are placing the polyethylene film.
4. We deploy reinforcement either using fibrobeton.
5. We put the damper tape.
6. We place lighthouses.
7. Fill the screed.

As a result, we have two coatings that exist completely separately from each other. This design is rarely applied in practice, but sometimes it is extremely necessary. No matter how difficult it has, it has all the properties of a full-fledged concrete base and the thermal characteristics of the wooden floor.

Floors in industrial buildings

If there is a need to make specific floors with increased strength and improved characteristics, then you need to learn about the manufacture of floors in an industrial building.

Such a coating is poured in the same way as all ties. We use waterproofing, damper ribbon, reinforcement, basalt fiber. But there are several critical differences. In industrial buildings, depending on the destination, it is either just a screed or a screed with iron. Depending on the alleged load, the layer thickness increases with 5 cm, as in civil buildings, up to 20 cm for industrial facilities.

Reinforcement is not necessarily reinforced, and in two stages. The first is the lower reinforcement, the second - top. The floor is poured in such a way that the reinforcement cell is 5 cm below, and in 5 cm on top of the screed, because the coating can work not only for stretching under high weight, but also on compression, and each of the reinforcement belt should extinguish these efforts.

And most importantly, any industrial screed must be manufactured only with vibration machines. These are special installations forcing the layer of the solution under the action of vibration to be compacted and more carefully fill out all emptiness. Thus, one can achieve excellent coating qualities.

Well, the dear reader, so you learned everything that it was possible, what kind of flooring devices, and how to do them. There are, of course, specific schemes - for example, the manufacture of a concrete screed in the bath, but they differ only in the presence of drain and drainage pits, and are made at exactly the same principles as everyone else. Now, possessing this information, you can easily equip the floor of any destination. Good luck to new meetings!

seberemont.ru.

High-quality flooring on floor slabs

The high-quality device of the floor on the slabs of the overlap suggests a comfortable stay of people indoors.

Diagram of wood-chip device.

Floor classification is made by types of coatings:

• board;
• parquet;
• linoleum;
• slab.

And by types of structures:

• layered;
• single-layer;
• separate idle;
• separate careless.

Required tool:

Overlapping scheme over ventilated underground.

• grinding;
• plane;
• a hammer;
• trowel;
• cord;
• rule;
• saw;
• fasteners;
• screwdriver;
• roulette.

Device laminate

Mainly apply to inter overlap. Made from several layers over colder premises (basements, garages). A soundproofing layer is placed on the ceiling slabs, and a solid flooring is a parquet of piece or parquet shields. For sound insulation, fiberboard stamps 4, 12, 20 are used.

Single-layer design

Such a floor is made directly on the slabs of the overlap. If irregularities are detected, it is necessary to make an aligning layer. The material for the construction of a single-layer floor may be a linoleum on a biostoy-based basis that is not subject to rotting processes. In rooms with high humidity (toilet, bath) Single-layer floor can be made from ceramic tiles or put a linoleum on a rubber base.

Installation of separate hollow coating

Scheme of a soundproofing device.

First, they take a sound insulation layer on the ceiling plates, then strengthened the lags, and the clean floor material is stacked: parquet boards, headboards or wooden shields. If the room is made with a solid flooring from non-warned boards, then on top of the plates of the Fiberboard, the thickness of which should be at least 20 mm. Lagges for the construction of a separate hollow floor on the slabs of overlapping should be bent and processed by an antiseptic. Sizes of bars (lag) - 80 * 40 mm. Depending on the thickness of the flooring, the distance between the lags is determined. The thinner the material, the more often the bars are placed.

Separation device

Scheme of self-laying floors.

It is based on a monolithic screed made on overlapping stoves. The screed is made from a mixture of concrete and a porous class of class B12.5 D1200 density, the screed thickness must be no more than 40 mm. It can not be aligned with cement mortar, irregularities should be simply polished. A gap of 20-30 mm is made between the monolithic screed and walls of the room around the perimeter, which is filled with soundproofing material and is subsequently closed by a plinth.

The outer coating of such a floor can be linoleum, PVC tiles, parquet, laminate parquet, Fiberboard slabs or other materials. A layer of waterproofing material is put on top of the screed. It is placed by the pectorist or produce seams with a bitumen solution. Then lay a layer of sound insulation from mineral wool brand 125-150 thickness up to 60 mm, fibrolite plates with a thickness of up to 50 mm, sand or clay.

Parquet coating

Floor Device Scheme.

Beautiful appearance, small thermal insulation and soundproofness make parquet (parquet boards, parquet panels, piece parquet) in demand material during the construction of flooring. The device of such a floor is possible on a solid milking base, fiberboard plates, cement-sand tie. The floors from the piece parquet performed by the Flower "Christmas" with friezes or freezes look well.

First, it is necessary to mark the row of the coating to be less waste. The prepared foundation produces layer of Parchment layer, and the Little "Christmas tree" is stacked on it. Focusing on it, the floor coating device is made with a thorough connection and fastening of each parquet planter with a silent nail, driven by two in the side groove and one in the end. Dobochnik deepen the hats into the material.

The device of floors from the piece parquet on the screed is made on a hot or cold bitumen solution in the "Christmas tree" without friezes. When flooring, if necessary, make aligning it with a special parquet and plareral machine or a handbank; After the sewage, plinths are installed, make cyclishing and ground grinding. The floor in front of the cycling is slightly moistened. The laid parquet is rubbed with mastic or varnish.

Linoleum floors

Floor insulation scheme of the first floor.

Linoleum is the material used to finish the floors. It has such qualities as durability, durability, resistance to chemicals, elasticity; It is easy to clean and wash it. For all these qualities, the material is very popular with developers. The disadvantages include exposure to expansion, shrinkage, warping and bloating. In order to prevent their appearance, the linoleum is pre-kept in a rolled state within a few days for straightening and adopting the floor shape.

The quality of the base for the flooring significantly affects the quality of the linoleum sex. Having elasticity, linoleum is able to perceive even the slightest irregularities. Therefore, the grounds must be smooth, clean, dry and durable. The horizontal base must be checked by a special rail. The bases for linoleum can be screed from cement-sandy solution, dvp slabs, chipboard plates, slag concrete, ceramzite concrete and milking floors.

For the device of a new screed along the slabs of the overlap, a sand-cement solution of composition 3: 1 is made, which is placed on rigid and durable layers of up to 3 cm and smash the rule or half-line to the predetermined rail guides. The surface of previously made screeds should be clean and smooth. If necessary, align the screed can be styling a new cement-sand mixture layer 1: 2. The permissible moisture content of the base is no more than 10%.

The most time consuming is the process of preparing the grounds for the linoleum sticker on the board floors made on the slabs of the overlap.

Soundproofing scheme overlaps.

They must be rigid enough. The base boards should not be fed. Before the linoleum sticker, the base of the floor must be well processed: the sawn timber should be dry, rushing, processed by antiseptic or olphoi. All cracks must be crowded, stripped and primed.

When the base of the base from the fiberboard or chipboard, it is also necessary to ensure the rigidity of the base under the plates with the mandatory grout of the seams between them. The plates are screwed to the wooden base of the floor of the floor, their caps are comfortable in the material, and the plates are glued to the concrete or cement-sand tie, the plates are glued with hot bitumen. The surface of the fixed plates is leveled with a sling of convexities, sealing the seams by mastic, primer and spiteling with oil putty. Then the linoleum is laid.

Ceramic tiles floors

For the floor of the floor along the slabs of overlapping from ceramic tiles, first make the base - the monolithic screed of cement with the addition of sand (approximate composition 3: 1; 4: 1), the device of which is conducted along the waterproofing layer. When the floor is on a wooden base, it is necessary to stick the waterproofing hot bitumen mastic on the flooring, then put the reinforced mesh and put the solution. For the device, the screed should be used by the light wooden slats, installed in terms of the room walls. Prepared solution Put between the rails. The horizontal screed is tested by the rule, the ends of which should be relying on the light rails. After hardening the rack's solution is removed. The remaining grooves are filled with mortar.

Scheme of overlapping and insulation of the floor.

Before laying the tiles, they must be sorted in size and color. Make a breakdown of the floor by the selected figure of the future coating, then you should check the rectangle of the room with a cord, stretching it diagonally from the angle in an angle, and then determine the width of the frieze and put two mutually perpendicular rows in the picture dry. The distance between the tiles when they are laying should be no more than 2 mm.

If the tiles are not fully included, then they can be rearged and put in a row located closer to the wall. By marks made on clean floor, lighthouse tiles are stacked. Then the corner, intermediate and frieze lights are installed on the cord and ruler. In the cooked solution, it makes the seal and fill the first row of tiles. After laying the frieze rows, the flooring of the main pattern of the floor coating is proceeded. In order not to step on the already laid tiles, the flooring begin with a long wall.

The solid used should be plastic consistency, and it is advisable to put it with a smooth strip at once to several rows of tiles. Putting the tile on the solution, it should be siege to mild with light beats or a hammer along the bar. Checking the horizontal of laid tiles is carried out by rule. The seams between them should be free from the solution. Within two days after flooring, they are filled with a sour cream-like cement solution in water, having previously cleaned the surface. The infusion is produced 2-3 times, as shrinkage of the solution occurs. The residues of the solution are removed from the surface immediately after the completion of the work wiping the tiles with moistened sawdust. Purplify the laid tiles with moistened sawdresses with a layer of 15-20 cm, and, periodically moisturizing them, achieve good solutions to the solution.

http://youtu.be/wz6z7lbcyrg.

Laminated parquet flooring

Modern building material for covering floors over the slabs of the overlap is the laminated parquet. This is an environmentally friendly coating, resembling a wooden parquet, which consists of several layers and is very convenient in operation. It is made of dense, water-resistant fiberboard plates covered with imitating wood layer. Sizes of slats: length - 1.2-1.7 m, width - up to 18 cm, thickness - from 6 to 14 mm. Laminate strips from above are coated with an acrylate or melamine resin for protection against mechanical damage.