Hip roofs attract attention from afar. The apparent simplicity and brevity of the shape of the roof captivates, so the desire to make such a roof is quite natural. What needs to be foreseen for construction and how to properly build a hipped roof with your own hands?

Among all the variety of roofs for private houses, a tent or hip roof is the most economical in terms of materials for construction. Roof slopes are in the form of isosceles triangles that form a common top, and a square acts as the base.

A tent-shaped roof is a variety four pitched roof... Another name for the hipped roof is hip. Its base is a rectangle: 2 side faces are triangular, and the others represent a trapezoid.

The perfect symmetry of the building system and the roof slopes requires coordinated actions and accurate calculation when it self-erection... In order to make such a roof, it is important to carefully study the features of its design.

Main elements rafter system hipped roofs are:

• support beam Mauerlat, which acts as a support for the ends of the rafters;

• diagonal rafters located at the corners of the frame;

• supports-struts;

• shortened rafters or rafters, which are attached to the slant rafters;

• additional supports (benches, beams and purlins) that create rigidity for the roof.

Be that as it may, the complex arrangement of the rafter and hipped roof components creates a stable system that is used in the construction of private houses. Of course, for the construction of a hipped roof with your own hands, you will need an accurate calculation, the formulas of which are based on trivial methods for calculating triangles.

How to calculate a hipped roof

The main purpose of calculating such a roof is to find the volume of materials required for its construction (roofing, roofing material), lathing and installation of the rafter system according to certain parameters. In addition to volumetric parameters, the slope angle of the ramp is calculated, as well as the overall dynamic strength of the system.

Naturally, in terms of the number of parameters, the calculation is quite complex and voluminous, so it is best to use an online calculator that you can easily find on the net.

As a result of this calculation, you will receive the following data:

• total roof surface area (including overhangs);
• angles of inclination of side rafters;
• the lengths of the side, diagonal and slant rafters;
• the required number of rafters for the installation of the system;
• recommended rafter section;
• number of rows of crate;
• volumes of timber for rafters.

DIY hipped roof: photo, video, process features

It is better to start erecting a hipped roof with small architectural forms(for example, garage roofs or open gazebo). A great occasion to study the technology of roof construction and further improve your skills at work.

Arrangement of the frame

The frame of such a roof has a simple structure and consists of four diagonal rafters and eight struts (there are two struts for each rafter).

Roof installation always starts with the construction of the frame. It is important to understand that for wooden houses the frame rests on the upper crowns, for houses made of foam concrete and brick houses- on the Mauerlat.

Installation of support bars and Mauerlat

Mauerlat mounting methods:

• using rafter pins;

• using steel wire;

• with anchor bolts.

Fastening the Mauerlat using a wire is performed by laying a steel wire at a distance of 20-30 mm. As soon as the masonry is dry, the wire is wrapped around the timber, after which its ends are fixed.

The studs for fastening the rafters are L-shaped and the immersion depth into the concrete pad is up to 450 mm. Mauerlat is placed and holes are drilled to install the studs. Next, the studs are installed in place, after which they are tightened with a nut.

Regardless of which method of fastening the Mauerlat you have chosen, you need to provide a waterproofing layer. Before the introduction of the pins, the waterproofing material is pierced. After pouring with concrete, you need to calculate the thread of the studs until the concrete has time to harden.

The Mauerlat is fastened to the anchor bolts directly into the armored belt before pouring. To mark the holes for the anchor bolts, you need to prepare the board and mark the installation locations on it. Next, the board is applied to the face of the Mauerlat and holes are drilled according to the markings. After preparation, the Mauerlat is put on the bolts, a washer is placed, then the nut is tightened.

Arrangement of the rafter system

Having made the alignment of the Mauerlat along the perimeter of the roof, you can proceed to the installation of the rafter system, namely the diagonal rafters located along the diagonals of the hipped roof. At the same time, keep in mind that the main load of the system falls precisely on the diagonal rafters. Diagonal beams are distinguished by their considerable length and substantial weight.

Their installation is carried out according to the calculated non-thrust or spacer scheme, according to which the rafter leg of the beam can abut against the beam or Mauerlat. The angle of inclination of the rafters can be up to 23 °. The second pair of rafters is installed in exactly the same way. After installing the diagonal rafters, 2 short struts are adjacent to them.

During work, there may be a need to cut off the upper face of the attachment rafter. It must be laid on the edge at an angle. The layer in the valley is cut off with a groove. Thus, laying the battens is much easier.

Useful tips for building a hipped roof

According to the chosen project, all operations during the construction of a hipped roof - the construction of the lathing, the device of the valley, the framing of openings and pipes are carried out when the rafter system is installed. Accurate adherence to construction technology will provide an excellent result.

Hip roofs are used both for low-rise residential buildings and for various outbuildings. Most often, they are built over structures with equilateral load-bearing walls, and the foundation plan is of a square type. You can find such architectural elements and above round structures, in this case the number of skates is more than four.

The main difference between the hipped roof is the complete absence of a ridge. This is very important detail rafter systems, it takes on the efforts of the rafter legs. The function of this element is assigned to the central support, at the top of which the rafters converge. In this regard, great attention should be paid to its strength. There are options for rafter systems without a central support, the upper heels of the rafter legs rest against each other. Such options are most often used on small buildings. All stingrays tent system are in the form of equilateral triangles.

Hipped roof has many manufacturing options, but all must have the following elements.

Types of truss systems, advantages and disadvantages of a hipped roof

Table. The main types of hipped roof truss system.

Advantages of the tent rafter system

The disadvantages include the complexity in the manufacture of the rafter system. The hipped roof has a large number of various nodes and elements, each of which can provide Negative influence on indicators of sustainability. Another disadvantage is the difficulty in converting attic spaces for residential, such options for rafter systems are extremely rarely used for attics. Sometimes the disadvantages include the increased consumption of roofing materials, but this depends not so much on the features of the rafter system, but on the professionalism of the roofers.

Timber prices

General tips for building hipped roof truss systems

Specific decisions are made by the master, taking into account the size and design features of the hipped roof. But for all cases there are general recommendations, the implementation of which guarantees the stability of the structure.

Additional stops for the attachment rafters

Top of the tent system

A very complex from a technological point of view and the most important from an architectural point of view, the unit. It has two solutions: the rafter legs rest on one support, installed in the center of the building, or against each other. The first option provides maximum structural stability, but its installation requires a rigid support. The best option- there is a load-bearing wall in the middle of the building. An acceptable option - during the construction of the ceiling, reinforced beams or beds are provided. When calculating the parameters, the maximum possible roof loads must be taken into account and a safety factor must be applied.

The use of the connection only in the upper heels of the rafters without vertical support is used only on small structures. At the same time, a complex of special construction measures is used to increase the rigidity of the structure.

Narodniks

They can be fixed using special lower stops, directly to the rafters or in a mixed way. Modern technologies allow you to fix the rafters without cutting, which not only strengthens the rafter system, but also greatly simplifies the work.

Structural solutions of a hipped roof, especially without a central support, significantly increase the spacer loads on the Mauerlat. This situation requires its strengthening, all units must be built according to accurate calculations and with unconditional compliance with building codes.

And finally general recommendation- if you do not have serious practical experience in the construction of ordinary pitched rafter systems, then it is categorically not worth taking on a hipped roof. This is one of the most complex truss systems, all of its elements are so interconnected and interdependent that the violation of the stability of one becomes the cause of the complete destruction of the roof. The hipped roof truss structure does not have completely identical elements, all must be approached individually.

Construction boards prices

Construction boards

Calculation of the tent structure

First, consider the algorithm for calculating the basic values ​​of the system. Take into account that the roof has four slopes, each of which is an equilateral triangle. The angle of inclination of the slopes is selected depending on the coverage area and climatic zone location of the object. Taking into account the climatic zone in the tables of building codes and regulations, the minimum permissible angle of inclination of the slopes is selected.

The length of the central rafter depends on the angle of inclination and is determined by the well-known formula of a right-angled triangle. First you need to find the length of the diagonal, this is done by calculation or by ordinary measurement. The second method is easier, use a tape measure to find this value.

We have the angle of inclination of the slopes, find the tangent on the Internet, multiply it by the length of half of the leg and the result is the height of the vertical support of the hipped roof. Next, you should calculate the length of the rafter. It is calculated using several formulas, the simplest of them is the Pythagorean theorem: c 2 = a 2 + b 2, where:

c - the length of the rafters;

a - half of the leg of the structure;

b is the height of the vertical support.

Hence - the length of the rafter equals square root the sum of the squares of the indicated quantities. That's all, if it's difficult to do it yourself, then there are a large number of online calculators on the Internet. After entering the data, not only the sizes of the system elements are displayed, but their number is also calculated.

The hipped roof resembles a polygonal structure. You can handle the installation of this type of roof with your own hands, but for this you need to know the basic information and have the skills to use electrical tools. It is important to make a project with correct calculations. And the fastening of all joints is carried out, as in any other types of roofs, using technology.

Types of roofs with a specific shape

There are several types of roofs with a specific shape:

These types are considered the most popular, but there are roofs with a more complex structure. They are less popular, for example: arched, spire-shaped, vaulted, folded and spherical. Each type has its own individual intricacies in installation, functionality and architectural design.

Hipped roofing product is considered one of the most frequently erected structures.

Description of the tent version

The hipped roof has triangular ramps and all connections converge at one top point. The very minimum of triangles is 4 pieces, but there can be much more angles.

Ideally, the top of the structure is mounted strictly in the center, but if desired, this point can be shifted to the side, which will make the structure unique. It turns out that one side of the roofing structure will become longer and the other shorter. Like a hipped roof, the rafter system can also be divided according to the installation method:

1. Hanging... The structure does not include anchor points, and the rafters are mounted with a small span.
2. Fortified... On the inner and outer sides of the wall, there should be anchor points with a step of 450 cm from each other.

The choice of mounting method does not affect appearance... The design itself can be done as follows:

1. Broken line... This type of construction is suitable for an attic. But with this option, the slope of the slope changes downward. The angle will become smaller.
2. Endova... This roofing element is an additional part of the bay window.
3. Attic... In this case, the attic is located on the roof slopes.

The structure looks like a tent, hence the name.

Pros and cons of the design

Any design has its positive and negative sides:

But, despite the complexity of installation and unnecessary consumable, the hipped roof will pay off. For example, gable roof gazebos will look much worse than a tent.

Roofing elements of the product

Standard technology assumes the presence of the following parts, without which it is impossible to carry out construction:

Auxiliary parts for the rafter system are purlins, crossbars, supports, and benches. They are intended to further strengthen all roof joints. If the climate of the region is windy, then you cannot do without them.

Before such work, a drawing is always created, in which everything is already calculated in advance and adjusted in size.

This kind of tent structure assumes assembling all the elements in turn order:

It is important to follow the sequence of work and not jump from one stage to another. V otherwise the quality of the roof structure may decrease.

Do-it-yourself system installation

Installing a rafter system for such a roof is considered difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate everything accurately. In this case, the ceiling is made only after the construction of the structure, but not earlier. Step-by-step installation is as follows:

To install diagonal beams, it is recommended to maintain a right angle. Correct calculation should be done roof beams to get an overhang for arranging the box. To lengthen the rafter legs are used "filly", which lengthen the bars.

Roofing process

The pie layer of a hipped roofing product looks like this:

If the installation technology is followed and all layers are made properly, then a normal microclimate is formed in the room.

Installation of vapor barrier, lathing and waterproofing

There are two ways to install the battens: for hard and soft roofing... In the first case, it is allowed to make a small gap between the boards, and in the second, chipboard sheets are used, since the material for covering the roof will be weldable. According to the standard, the thickness of the boards should be 25 mm, and the width - 150 mm. But under the crate, a layer of vapor barrier is preliminarily covered.

A special membrane can be selected as waterproofing. But you can also use ordinary roofing felt. In the first case, the material is of better quality, and the service life is higher. There is different variants: breathable, insulating and others. The waterproofing layer is fixed with a stapler and overlapped by 10 cm.At the bottom, it is imperative to leave a release of 15 cm.

To prevent condensation from inside the roof, special films are used, which are sold in any hardware store. For example, polyethylene, special membranes or a propylene coating can be used. With the help of a stapler, fastening is carried out. The crate is installed, and the cells are filled with insulation material - foam or mineral wool.

Features of construction insulation

The hipped roof must be insulated in any case. Mineral wool, polystyrene and polystyrene foam are considered the main insulation materials... If the product is insulated with mineral wool, then the sheets are placed in the compartments between the rafters from top to bottom.

It is important to avoid gaps. If possible, use a stapler for securing. This procedure is performed over the entire area. For high reliability, you should choose the material that meets the following requirements:

Installation of roofing

For hipped roof do not lay the roof covering one degree at a time, for example:

• flexible shingles are mounted with a slope of 8-18 degrees;
• asbestos-cement materials are mounted at 14-16 degrees;
• metal tiles are installed with a slope of 30-60 degrees.

In addition to basic roofing materials, specific types can also be used, for example, reed and reed options. The reliability and durability of such a roof is minimized, especially if the region is in harsh climatic conditions.

Mainly for complex shape roofs use flexible and metal shingles. The material is significantly more expensive, but has a long service life. In the first case, a special gas-burner... The material is deposited by heating shingles and the base of the roof. And in the second case, the sheets are fixed using a screwdriver and self-tapping screws. Coating is always done from bottom to top.

The waste of roofing will be large as the roof has curly shape and you can't do without pruning. This must be taken into account when calculating the consumption of material.

If the work will be carried out in one hand, then you should be patient and strong. Indeed, at all stages of the assembly of the roofing product, you will have to support the timber somewhere or submit a roof sheet. Therefore, it is advisable to include in the work one more person who will help in difficult situations... However, if such a roof is intended for a small gazebo, then in this case you can cope on your own.

A hipped roof is a fairly popular design today. Building your own house on a backyard or in a village involves installing a roof of a certain shape, which you need to choose based on personal preferences.

A hipped roof is considered a classic version of a pitched roof that is resistant to wind and snow.

The structure of the hip roof resembles a tent. You should know that the installation of such a roof can be done independently. For this, it will be necessary to make the correct calculation. It is important to have at least the slightest idea about the structure of the rafters of a private house. The roof is fixed in the same way as on other roofs.

The diagram of the frame structure of the hipped roof is shown in Fig. 1.

A hipped roof can have many slopes or be round, it is only important to observe symmetry. In appearance, the structure resembles a tent. Such products do not have gables, which makes it possible to significantly save on materials during construction work.

Advantages and disadvantages of a hipped roof

If you wish, you can make a hipped roof with your own hands on any building. However, the preferred option is when the base of a private house is made in the form of a square.

The main advantage of this type of hipped roof is aerodynamics, which is able to protect the building from constant winds. The air streams will leave along the slopes without causing harm and without getting into the attic.

Figure 1. Scheme of the frame structure of the hip roof: 1 - corner rafter; 2 - short rafters; 3-ridge bar; 4 - central intermediate rafters; 5 - intermediate rafters.

The significant disadvantages are as follows:

1. Complex frame construction.
2. Small sizes of attics. The area is equal to the area of ​​the ceiling, but the useful volume is small.

The standard hipped roof is a pyramid with a rectangular or square shape... In the first case, the installation of 4 triangular slopes is provided, and in the second - 2 triangular and 2 trapezoidal. All slopes can lean on the walls of a private house or go beyond them.

The roof scheme of a private house is simple, its calculation can be done in several ways. The hipped roof is constructed using the Pythagorean table. The calculation of the area of ​​the slopes and hips is very simple to perform, however, it will take a lot of time to calculate the placement of the rafter rafter legs.

First of all, you will need to independently assemble the frame structure. After that, the installation of a four-pitched or gable roof is carried out. You should be aware that the device of the rafter system in this case will be difficult.

Nuances to consider

In order for the roof to be made correctly, you need to follow these rules:

1. In the process of constructing the ridge system and rafters, the same type of wood should be used.
2. Intermediate battens must have a strong slope, therefore their minimum size is 150x50 mm.
3. Elements of short length are attached to the rafter parts, which are placed in the corners. It is not allowed to attach short parts to the ridge rail.
4. In the design, you need to use intermediate rafter legs, which are located in the central part of the product. They are mounted on a ridge rail.
5. These elements must be rested against the top of the harness and against the ridge rail. To complete the installation yourself, you will need to imagine a frame structure and prepare a drawing.

Installation of the hipped roof truss system.

It is important to consider the following nuances:

1. The ridge must be a bearing axle.
2. As the power components of the rafter system, the slats will be used, one part of which should protrude beyond the limits of a private house, and the other should be fixed on the ridge.
3. The central rafter legs must be fixed at the ends of the ridge and brought out to all walls.
4. Intermediate rafter legs should extend from the ridge.

Elements that need to be prepared in order to build a hipped roof with your own hands:

• jigsaw;
• hammer;
• self-tapping screws;
• drill;
• bars and slats;
• roofing material;
• metal staples (you can make it yourself from a 9-10 mm bar).

The sequence of actions for the manufacture of a hipped roof

The roof must be installed before the ceiling is installed. First of all, a beam should be laid around the perimeter of the building (on top of the walls) in order to distribute the weight over the entire base. As a bar, you can use a beam made of wood or metal. The element is called Mauerlat. It can be secured with special pins. Next, you need to perform the following actions:

Marking the hipped roof.

1. The first step is to mark the axle along the upper harness. You need to mark it from the end of the building.
2. Next, you need to calculate ½ the thickness of the ridge rail and mark the installation location of the initial element of the rafter system.
3. After that, the bar for measurement must be attached to the marked line and mark the installation site of the intermediate rafter leg.
4. The placement of the remaining rafter elements must be calculated by moving the plank along the side wall and marking the location of each rafter leg.
5. The steps must be repeated with other angles.

In the process of preparing a hipped roof with your own hands, you need to use several types of farms. These are the slopes of an ordinary farm, which are fastened in a ridge. Additionally, you can use the side triangular rafter legs. When installing them, you need to pay attention to the absence of discrepancies in the length and slope of these parts. They must be clearly verified for all parties. The length of the overhang should be chosen based on the characteristics of the building. The maximum value is 1 m.

To increase the strength of the tent structure, during installation, you can use crossbeam which reinforces the central rafter system.

How to calculate a hipped roof?

You will need to prepare the rail for measurements. It can be built from ordinary plywood. The width of the element should be 5 cm. It is also necessary to prepare a table of relationships between the placement of rafters and their length. It can be seen in Fig. 2.

Figure 2. Calculation of the hip roof.

With the bar, you need to measure the projection of the intermediate rafter leg. According to the table, you should find the required slope and multiply the data.

The calculation of the length of the overhang of the rafters is carried out in the same way. You will need to multiply the horizontal projection by a factor. These data can be obtained using the Pythagorean theorem: a² + b² = c².

On the one hand, all rafter legs have an oblique cut, which is needed to be attached to the ridge rail. Payment corner rafters is performed in this way:

1. From the corner, you need to measure the length of the rafter.
2. To determine the length of the corner piece, the resulting value must be multiplied by the factor contained in the table.

Next, the area of ​​the hips is calculated. To facilitate calculations, you need to represent the ramp in the form of triangles. After that, the area of ​​the trapezium of the side roof base is calculated. Then the calculation of the roof is performed.

Roof frame structure

First of all, you need to install verticals for the ridge rail. Next, diagonal rafters are installed. After that, the installation of the slant and rafter legs is performed. The installation step of the elements is 60 cm. They should be fixed by cutting to the ridge. The cut can be constructed using a power tool. The bars should not touch the fixing points of the Mauerlat.

The device of a hipped roof made of metal or other material can be performed using diagonal rafter legs of the following types:

1. Hanging elements that rest on the walls and create a horizontal expansion force. It is advisable to use them in the absence of internal partitions.
2. Embedded elements that rest not only on the walls, but also on the supporting parts.

V frame structures made of wood, the entire rafter system will rest on top harness the foundations of a private house, and in log cabins - on the upper crowns of the structure. V brick houses it is customary to use a Mauerlat or a bar as supporting elements, which is laid on pre-prepared walls. Preparatory work are reduced to leveling the base of the upper row of masonry and filling with a screed. In some cases, in order to more reliably tie the Mauerlat, embedded parts are mounted into this base.

On top of the structure, support bars and beds are installed along the entire perimeter.

A waterproofing material will need to be laid between the brickwork and the Mauerlat.

Reinforcement of the roof will depend on the size of the building. You will need to install an additional truss on which the rack is fixed. If the area of ​​the house is very large, then double slats should be used for the diagonals.

DIY hipped roof: diagram

A hipped roof is a fairly popular design today. Building your own house on a backyard or in a village involves installing a roof of a certain shape, which you need to choose based on personal preferences.

Hip roof: roof project and its structure and project

At one of the stages of a project for the construction of a private house outside the city, you will think about the shape of the roof. Hip roof or hip roof is the most popular at the present time. Its appearance and construction are reminiscent of a tent. This roof has its pros and cons. You don't have to hire specialists to install and install this roof.

You can easily assemble the roof frame with your own hands. To do this, you need to be able to make calculations and have an idea of ​​\ u200b \ u200bthe structure and mechanism of the truss system at home. It must be remembered that the roof is attached in the same way as other structures. For more confidence, you can call an assistant.

The main advantage of the hipped roof design is aerodynamics, it resists strong gusty winds. Air currents will leave along the slopes without causing harm, and without even going into the attic.

The main disadvantage of such a roof is a complex frame, its sheet installation and the fact that the attic rooms are very small. Of course, the area of ​​the attic is equal to the area of ​​the ceiling, but the useful volume of the room is very small.

The classic-type hipped roof mechanism is a special pyramid with a square or rectangular base. Triangular and trapezoidal slopes, as a rule, rest on the walls of the house or go beyond them.

The main scheme of the hipped roof of the house is quite simple, and you can calculate it different ways... The hipped roof is installed using the system and the Pythagorean table. And it will not be difficult for you to calculate the area of ​​the slopes and hips, but calculating the location and installation of straight and ordinary rafters takes a lot of time.

The construction of a hipped roof begins with the assembly of the frame. After that, the roof is attached. The mechanism of the rafter system is quite complex. Below we will consider in more detail how to make a frame, make a calculation and make a roof.

Basic rules for the construction of a hipped roof

The manufacture and installation of the roof follows the following rules:

1. For the construction of the ridge system and the rafters, the same wood and material are used.
2. Intermediate boards have a steeper angle of inclination, and their size must be at least 50x150 mm.
3. Short pieces and pieces are attached to the corner components of the rafters, not to the ridge board.
4. During construction, intermediate central rafters are used in the structure, fixed on the ridge board.
5. And they should rest against the upper end of the harness or against the ridge board.

The following elements of the hipped roof must be fixed on the drawing:

1. the central part of the structure - the ridge, is the bearing axis;
2. nipple rafters are the power components of the rafter system, one end will protrude outside the house, and the other will be attached to the ridge;
3. rafters of the central type are attached at the ends of the ridge and are displayed on all walls;
4. intermediate rafters extending from the ridge must go strictly along the slopes;

DIY hipped roof

At the beginning of work, a timber is laid around the entire perimeter of the house for a more even distribution of the mass over the entire surface. It is also called Mauerlat. It must be fixed to the wall of the house using special pins. Next, you need to do the following:

• mark the axis from the end frame house on the upper harness;
• calculate half the thickness of the ridge beam and mark the installation location of the initial element of the rafter system;
• attach one end of the measuring rod to the marked line and mark the place of the intermediate rafter;
• to calculate the overhang of the rafters, one end of the beam must be placed on the overhang of the roof, and the other - at an angle with outside walls of the house;
• you can calculate the location of other elements of the central rafters by moving the rail along the side wall of the house and marking the position of each rafter;
• at the other corners, the same is repeated;
• you can buy roofing materials in special hardware stores. Today on the market there are wide choose optimal quality roofing at an affordable price.

Calculation of hip roof elements

For this calculation, you will need a special measuring rod.... It is made of standard plywood 5 cm wide. There is a special table of rafter length and position ratios.

Thanks to these data, which are presented in detail in the table, the length of the rafters' legs is the product of the intermediate or angular coefficient of its projection. To increase the accuracy and reliability of calculations, be sure to use this table. Consider an example of calculating the roof of a roof, you measured the horizontal projection of the intermediate type rafters with a rail.

From the table, you will find the angle of inclination that suits your case, and multiply the data.

You can also calculate the length of the overhang of the rafters. You need to multiply the horizontal projection by a certain factor. Also, these data can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem for a right-angled triangle by the formula: a2 + b2 = c2. Where a and b are horizontal and vertical projections.

Corner elements

All rafters have an oblique cut on one side, which is necessary for attaching to the ridge beam. The ridge has a special undercut with a double bevel for more reliable fixation of parts and elements in the corners of the house.

And the calculation of corner-type rafters is as follows:

• from the corner you need to measure the full length of the rafters;
• its projection will be the product of the squares of the lengths of the rafter central projections.

The resulting number must be multiplied by the coefficient indicated in the table, and you get the length of the corner rafter.

Then the area of ​​the triangular slopes is calculated. They are also calculated by the Pythagorean theorem. To simplify the calculations, you need to represent the slope in the form of two right-angled triangles. Next, use the formula to calculate the trapezoid area of ​​the side surface of the roof of the house.

And already at the very end we calculate the roof. The indicators of all areas must be summed up, and you get the minimum roof area.

Tools and building materials

You can build a tent structure standard type, either elongated to one side or in the form of a truncated pyramid.

Do-it-yourself frame installation

Initially, verticals for the ridge bar are mounted. After that, the installation of diagonal rafters of the same length begins.

Next comes the installation of the overhead rafters, and then the privates with a certain step of 60 cm, which are fixed with a cut to the ridge and Mauerlat. You can do the cut with your own hands or with a special power tool.

Then, on the diagonal guides, the hangers are fixed, for a bundle of the cut-off beams and the Mauerlat at a certain angle relative to the ridge of the roof.

An important point, ordinary bars should in no case touch the connection points of the Mauerlat.

Strengthening the roof will directly depend on the dimensions of the house. An additional truss is laid, i.e. timber between adjacent sides of the rafters. And already a rack or truss truss is installed on it. With a very large area of ​​the house, double beams are used for diagonals. A gable roof and a gable roof are mounted in a similar way.

Hip roof: roof project and its structure and project

DIY hip roof design. What materials and tools for the roof you need to buy. Step by step guide roof and roof structures + video

DIY hipped roof

The hipped roof structure consists of triangular slopes. As a rule, the number of skates is equal to four, but if desired, the owner can change their number. The main thing is that the finished structure is reliable and symmetrical.

Outwardly, such a roofing structure looks like a tent, for which it got its name. As part of the roof there are no gables, which makes it possible to additionally save on building and finishing roofing materials. Subject to proper arrangement, such a roof will have an attractive and original appearance.

Arrangement of a hipped roof requires special knowledge and skills from the performer. You can do it yourself with the construction of a hipped roof structure. The main thing is to do it right necessary calculations and strictly follow the instructions when performing each activity.

Necessary calculations

Before going to the store for the required materials, familiarize yourself with the procedure for performing calculations and draw up a roof project that is suitable specifically for your case.

Traditionally, the roof under consideration includes 4 inclined slopes.

If the base of the structure is in the shape of a regular square, the area of ​​the structure is calculated by multiplying the area of ​​one roof slope by 4.

Hip roof frame

However, if the base of the system looks like a rectangle, then first you need to determine the total value of the areas of two different rectangles, and then double the resulting number.

To establish the area of ​​the roof slope, which is an isosceles triangle, it is necessary to multiply the length of the base of the figure by the value of its height, and then double the resulting number.

When performing calculations, you need to find out the value of the area of ​​the eaves overhangs in the form of isosceles trapezoids. This calculation is done by multiplying the height of the shape by exactly 50% of the sum of the base lengths of the trapezoidal shape.

The calculation of the hipped roof system can be done in two ways. The first involves a calculation using the value of the ridge height and the length of the base of the roof structure. In accordance with the second calculation method, it is necessary to take into account the value of the length of the diagonal rafter, as well as the length of the perimeter of the base.

In addition, in the calculation process, it is imperative to pay attention to the parameters of various additional components that make up the roofing structure. These elements include:

Tilt angle and rafter length

To make the principle of calculation more understandable, we offer you a simple example of the implementation of the basic calculation activities. Initial data:

• house dimensions - 6x6 m;
• length diagonal rafters- 521 cm;
• ridge height - 297 cm;
• slope of roof slopes - 35 degrees;
• width of the eaves overhang - 600 mm.

Using the first of the two previously mentioned methods, determine the value of the height of the roofing triangle. To do this, use the Pythagorean theorem, according to which to calculate the square of the height, you need to subtract from the value of the square of the length of the roof slope half the width of the base, also squared.

In this example, the calculation will show that the square of the height is 4.24 m squared. Using a simple formula, you can determine that the area of ​​one triangular slope will be 12.72 m 2.

Due to the fact that the base of the roof is a square with a side of 6 m, the calculated area value must be increased by 4 times. As a result, you will determine the total area of ​​the roof slopes, equal in this example to 50.88 m 2.

Determine the area of ​​the cornice light. You already know the value of the length of the shorter base of the trapezoidal figure - 6 m. To establish the length of the larger base, you need to use the simplest form that is relevant for such figures.

Hipped roof (hip roof)

According to the calculations, the length of the larger base will be 704 cm, and the area of ​​the figure as a result will be equal to 4.76 m 2.

To set the total area of ​​the overhangs, multiply the value calculated in the previous step by 4.

As a result, the total amount of the hipped roof structure will be 69.91 m 2.

What you need to know about the rafter system?

The hipped roof structure can be erected using a layered or hanging system. The final version is selected in accordance with the conditions of a particular situation.

For example, it is quite difficult to cope with the installation of hanging rafters with your own hands, and it will take an irrationally long time to repair such a structure. Such rafters are usually equipped in situations where there are no internal walls in the house, and the rafters can only rely on the supporting walls of the structure.

Roof rafters are simpler and more financially beneficial in arrangement. The system is located on the middle load-bearing wall as well as intermediate support pillars fixed on a reinforced concrete base.

Recessed rafters are most often used when installing four-pitched roof structures with an inclination of more than 40 degrees.

It is important to choose correct option supports for the roof rafter system. If the house is frame, the roof must be supported by the upper harness. In the case of brick and stone buildings, the Mauerlat performs the function of support, and when arranging the roof of a house from a log house, the roofing system is fixed to the upper crowns.

Determine the optimal cross-section of the rafter legs. To do this, you need to know a number of parameters, namely:

• the step of installing the elements of the rafter system;
• slope of roof slopes;
• estimated snow, wind and other loads;
• span size, etc.

It is important to know the basic parameters of tent-type roofing elements.

So, if the rafter legs have a length not exceeding 300 cm, the rafters must be placed in increments of 110-135 cm.The optimal diameter of the log for such a situation is 100 mm, and the size of the board is 100x80 mm.

If the rafters need to be supported on the extreme hanging truss, then the principle of creating an attachment point depends on the section of the lateral rafter legs

If the rafter legs have a length in the range of 300 to 400 cm, they must be fastened at a distance of 140-170 cm. To equip such a rafter system, it is recommended to use logs with a diameter of 150 mm or boards with dimensions of 100x90 mm.

If the rafters have a length in the range of 400-500 cm, they need to be fastened in increments of 110-135 cm, using logs with a diameter of 200 mm for arranging the structure, as well as boards with dimensions of 200x80 mm.

When arranging a rafter system of elements no longer than 650 cm in length, the rafters must be placed in increments of 110-140 cm, using logs with a diameter of 240 mm or boards with dimensions of 220x120 mm to equip the structure.

For the arrangement of the purlins, use a beam of 100x50 mm or logs with a diameter of 160 mm.

Mauerlat is traditionally erected from a 100x50 mm bar or a log with a diameter of 120 mm.

Racks, crossbars and struts are made of a bar with a section of 100x50 mm or logs with a diameter of 120 mm.

It is important that the rafter legs are strictly the same length, and the rafters are docked apart.

The most common slope of the slopes of hip roof structures is maintained in the range of 40-60 degrees, however, depending on the parameters of the finishing roofing material, the slope may vary slightly. The dependency is as follows:

• when using tiles, the slope is maintained within 30-60 degrees;
• when using sheet roofing materials and materials based on asbestos cement, the slope will be in the range from 14 to 60 degrees;
• using roll materials the slope will be 8-18 degrees.

Roof installation procedure

The process of arranging a hipped roof includes several stages.

First step

Draw up a structural project and make the necessary calculations in accordance with the recommendations given earlier.

Second phase

Buy the required amount of materials, taking into account the dimensions and characteristics approved by the project.

Third stage

Lay the Mauerlat along the entire length of the building. Rafter legs will be installed on it.

If the house is built of bricks, the Mauerlat is best laid on the inside of the walls. In this case, a moisture-proof material must be laid between the Mauerlat and the wall. For waterproofing, roofing material is often used. To prevent the rafter legs from sagging, you need to mount the lattice with the appropriate parameters.

If the house is built of wood, in most cases the upper part of the frame will be able to cope with the functions of the Mauerlat.

Fourth stage

Install the rafter support beam (purlin) at the top roof structure... The support beam must be placed parallel to the Mauerlat. The recommended distance between the two mentioned elements is up to 450 cm.

Fifth stage

Install diagonal braces, braces and struts.

For the manufacture of diagonal ties, boards of 250-450 mm are usually used. They must be nailed to the base of the rafter leg.

You need to equip the planned number of ramps (usually 4). At this stage, work according to the blueprints you have.

Sixth stage

Insulate the roof. Attached first waterproofing material, a heater is placed under it, and a membrane vapor barrier film is placed under the heater.

Lathing on valleys and roof ridges

In the end, you just have to lay the desired finishing roofing material and install different kinds additional elements like gutters, etc.

Now you are aware of the main features of a hipped roof structure, you know in what order the system is calculated, what its main elements should be, and in what sequence the roof arrangement is carried out directly. Follow the instructions, while focusing on the provisions of the existing project, and everything will definitely work out.

Do-it-yourself hip roof - calculations and installation!

Find out how to equip a hipped roof with your own hands. Detailed guide for the calculation and installation of the roofing system. Photo + video.

In this article we will tell you what a hipped roof is, why it is so named, from which structural elements consists. And also we will analyze the technology of its construction. In addition, after reading the article, you will find out why roofs of this type are considered one of the most difficult, and for what reasons their construction takes longer than, say, gable ones.

What is a hipped roof

Many can say that the hipped roof is exactly the roof that is shown in the photo above. That is, these are four identical triangular slopes. In fact, the figure shows a classic version of the roof structure of this modification. But this is just one example. And it is based on a square-shaped house.

If we talk about tent structures, then they got their name due to the fact that all the roof slopes abut at one point, like in tents. And there can be several stingrays, but not less than four. For example, if the building has a round shape, then the roof structure can be built from five or six slopes. And this is not the limit. It's just that the more slopes, the more complex the design. And since many private houses are rectangular, then classic model here is the most appropriate one.

The roof structure of the tent type is designed and formed on the principle of symmetry. That is why it is being erected over buildings of the appropriate shape - round, square, six-, octagonal, and so on. In general, there is no problem to erect it over a rectangular building, as shown in the first figure, but structurally it is difficult, therefore, most often in such cases, a hip roof is preferred.

Structural elements of the hipped roof

Hip roof construction is a few standard elements. Next, we will deal with the classic modification.

Hip roof ridge... It should be noted that as such a skate, in the classical sense of this design, is not here. There is a so-called ridge knot. This is the junction point of the upper ends of the rafter legs. It is the ridge knot that forms the peak of the tent structure.

Stingrays... In our case, there are four of them. They are formed by rafters and rafters. The latter are all the same rafter legs, only they rest with their upper ends not on the ridge knot, but on the main rafters. Therefore, the cuffs have a shortened length. Their number is determined by the size of the slope. The larger the latter, the more spacers will have to be installed in order to provide the required load-bearing capacity of the roof.

Overhangs of stingrays... They can be formed by the rafter system by extending the rafters outside the walls of the building. Or, with the help of filly, these are short rafters that are attached to the main elements of the rafter system in order to lengthen them.

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Advantages of a hipped roof type

The roofing structure of the tent type is quite complex in design and not easy to install, in any case, it is a laborious process. But architects and designers say that hipped roofs have significant advantages over other structures. It is not for nothing that they are so popular among suburban developers. What are these advantages:

Excellent aerodynamic properties... They allow a roof of this shape to cope with more than just strong winds, but also with hurricane gusts.

It is possible to erect a hipped roof structure at an angle of inclination of the slope within 20-50° ... This solves the problem of clearing snow from the roof. That is, at such an angle, snowfall does not linger on the roof. This means that it is not necessary to clean the hipped roof in winter.

Under this type of roof easy to organize the attic... True, since such a roof does not have gables, you will have to install roof windows... However, installing windows of this type is not a problem today, so it cannot be considered a disadvantage in modern construction.

Original form- always stands out from other types of roofs.

Technology for the construction of hipped roof structures

First of all, the calculation of the hipped roof is carried out. That is, they determine the number of required elements, their size and section. it important point which will depend on load bearing capacity the entire roof structure. They mainly take into account the size and shape of the house, snow and wind loads in the region where the construction is being carried out, and also whether living quarters will be organized under the roof.

In fact, this is a complex process that requires knowledge and experience in performing calculations. Today on the Internet at different construction portals there are special online calculators with which such a calculation can be made. Some of them, according to experts, can accurately calculate the simplest options. But the final calculation still has to be done by a professional - not a single calculator will "tell" what formulas and errors it contains.

Now we turn to the analysis of the rafter system of the hipped roof. In this design, both hanging rafters and layered rafters can be used.

Features of layered rafters

A support must be installed under the layered ones. Usually this is a large section bar that supports the ridge knot. That is, the main rafter legs will rest on it with their upper ends.

This support leg is attached either to load-bearing beam, or to the carrier inner wall, or to concrete slab overlap. That is, only solid foundation... In this case, the rafters are attached to the support different ways... The photo below shows one of the options where special metal perforated U-type brackets are used, as the simplest option.

Hanging rafters on a hipped roof

As for the hanging rafters, they are connected at the top point with a special knot. Let's see how this is done. So, the classic hip-roof roof consists of four main rafters, which abut the lower ends against the corners of the house. Or rather, in the laid Mauerlat, to which they must be attached.

If the angle of inclination of the slopes is known, then according to this parameter, one rafter leg is installed, fixing it to the Mauerlat and substituting temporary supports under it. It can be racks made of slats or boards, jibs.

Then, in exactly the same way, and the other three rafters... But it should be borne in mind that the four rafter legs must rest against each other. This is the basis for structural reliability.

Now it is necessary fasten the upper ends of the rafters together so that they do not "disperse" to the sides. There is enough big choice fasteners. Of the modern ones - perforated metal plates, which are bent and laid between two rafters and fastened to them with wood screws.

The photo above shows another option for attaching rafter legs, built from double boards with a section of 50x200 mm. Please note that a small piece of board (50x200 mm) is installed between two oppositely mounted rafters. In this case, the rafter legs themselves do not rest against each other to the end. The gap is left on purpose to accommodate two other rafters located in a perpendicular plane. That is, in this case, the board segment serves as a connecting element. All the elements of the rafter system are attached to it.

So, the main rafters are installed and secured. Now it remains to install the wives. There is nothing complicated here, they are cut to the required length and evenly installed over the area of ​​the slopes. It is important to carry out high-quality fastening to the main rafter legs. For example, in the same photo above, you can see that bolts or studs are used as fasteners. This is one of the most reliable types of fastening. As for the attachment of the lower ends, here the attachment is carried out to the Mauerlat.

Hip roof elements

Basically, the roof is ready. All that remains is to dismantle the temporary supports, fill the battens and lay the roofing material. But it must be noted that the hipped roof and its structure can be different sizes... If such a roof is being built over a small gazebo, then these operations can be limited. If the project plans a hipped roof structure over a large house, then the number of elements is increased, with the help of which the reliability of the roof is increased. What other elements are used in the construction of hipped roofs:

Support posts... They are usually installed under the main rafters. The installation frequency depends on the cross-section of the rafters and the cross-section of the racks. The thicker the rafter legs, the more often you will have to install supports. If you choose boards for supports of a larger section, then the step can be increased.

Braces... They are used instead of support legs. These elements got their name because they are installed at an angle of 45 °.

Rigel, they are puffs. These are horizontally mounted beams, with the help of which the rafter legs, located opposite at the corners, are pulled together. Their purpose is to extinguish the bursting load that acts on the walls of the building. The section of the puffs is chosen according to the principle - the higher this element is located, the more it should be in the section.

Very rare, but sometimes installed girder... This is a horizontal bar that is installed under the rafters and rafters of one slope. Racks are necessarily mounted under it.

Video description

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the video material, which schematically shows one of the options for the construction of a hipped roof:

Conclusion on the topic

It is very important to understand the fact that hipped roof structures require symmetry in the shape of the house itself. This is the main and only requirement that allows such roofs to be built. As for the roofing, and accordingly the type of lathing, there are no restrictions.