Any construction ends with the installation of a roofing system. What this roof will be like depends largely on the wishes of the owner and the characteristics of the future building. In private houses or outbuildings (gazebo, summer kitchen etc.) are more often satisfied with hipped roof... It looks good on houses in the form of a quadrangle, polygon or having rectangular shape... What the roof slopes look like:

• In houses with walls of the same length, the roof has 4 slopes in the form of isosceles triangles;
• Multi-sided buildings (preferably with an even number of walls) have slopes in the form of isosceles triangles with the number equal to the number of walls;
• For rectangular houses, the hipped roof consists of 2 triangular hips and 2 trapezoidal slopes.

In this article

Advantages and disadvantages of this type of roof

Advantages:

• It retains heat better in comparison with other roofing systems, provided that the thermal insulation is equal;
• The effect of atmospheric phenomena is minimal. Hipped roofs reliably protect the attic or attic room from strong wind blowing, the roofing material does not suffer and precipitation practically does not accumulate on it, but rolls down.
• Despite the seeming complexity of the structure of the rafter system, the roof can be easily built independently.

Along with the advantages, the hipped roof also has disadvantages:

• You need to know the features of the installation of the rafter system;
• Small effective area attic floor.

Preparatory work and roof installation

Calculations

Before starting the installation of the roof, it is necessary to carry out a calculation and find out the geometric parameters and the area of ​​the roof in order to then determine the number of all necessary materials. For convenience, you need to make a drawing, which can then be used during construction. For this, the following parameters are defined:

• the size of the building;
• Depending on the material used for the roofing, precipitation and climatic zone determine the angle of the slope ( the best option- this is 30-40 o);
• Determining the height of the ridge knot (in the hipped roof version, the ridge is the point at which corner rafters). For the calculation, the Pythagorean Theorem is used;
• The last thing to be determined is the length of the rafters and the area of ​​all slopes. This will not be difficult due to the values ​​found out in the previous calculations.

The slopes of the rectangular hipped roof will be with different angles slope and this fact must be taken into account in the calculations.

Purchase of materials

After making all the calculations, purchase the necessary materials:

In order for the hipped roof to be mounted with your own hands, you must also remember about the presence of tools, such as a hand or electric saw, drill, grinder, plane, ax and hammer.

Installation of the rafter system

Installation takes place before the ceiling is laid.

• Beams are laid along the entire perimeter of the building (they are called Mauerlat), on which all the rafters will then be attached. Mauerlat is attached with special pins. If the walls of the house are brick, then the Mauerlat is located closer to the inner part of the wall, and a waterproofing layer is laid between the Mauerlat brick. The bed is laid on the inner walls. This whole structure is designed to evenly distribute the load of the roof on the walls of the house.
• Install the beams to be used as slabs.
• In the middle future roof a beam is installed, the thickness of which is 15x15 cm and the height is the accepted height of the ridge. It must be temporarily fixed with several jibs, which are subsequently removed.
• Install hip rafters on the side of all intended ramps. Up roof beams attached with corners and nails to the ridge, and below to the Mauerlat. After the installation of the hip rafters, the "outriggers" are mounted around the entire perimeter and the strips for the cornices are installed.
• Diagonal rafters are mounted. From above, they are attached, as well as hip to the ridge, and below to the corner of the "stem". How many corners a building has and so many diagonals must be installed.
• It is advisable to install the supports on load-bearing walls and additionally put slopes. These elements are necessary to strengthen the rigidity of the roof.
• Wristbands of various lengths are attached. The lathing and cornices are mounted.
• After finishing the installation of the rafter system and the lathing system and counter battens, it is necessary to lay the roofing material and insulate the roof.

Following the instructions given, you will be able to implement your project and build a hipped roof that will reliably protect you from any bad weather and will decorate your home.

A hipped roof is a fairly popular design today. Construction own home on backyard territory or in a village it involves the installation of a roof of a certain shape, which you need to choose based on personal preferences.

Hip roof is considered a classic option. pitched roof resistant to wind and snow.

The structure of the hip roof resembles a tent. You should know that the installation of such a roof can be done independently. For this, it will be necessary to make the correct calculation. It is important to have at least the slightest idea about the structure of the rafters of a private house. The roof is fixed in the same way as on other roofs.

The diagram of the frame structure of the hipped roof is shown in Fig. 1.

A hipped roof can have many slopes or be round, it is only important to observe symmetry. In appearance, the structure resembles a tent. Such products do not have gables, which makes it possible to significantly save on materials during construction work.

Advantages and disadvantages of a hipped roof

If you wish, you can make a hipped roof with your own hands on any building. However, the preferred option is when the base of a private house is made in the form of a square.

The main advantage of this type of hipped roof is aerodynamics, which is able to protect the building from constant winds. The air streams will leave along the slopes without causing harm and without getting into the attic.

Figure 1. Scheme of the frame structure of the hip roof: 1 - corner rafter; 2 - short rafters; 3-ridge bar; 4 - central intermediate rafters; 5 - intermediate rafters.

The significant disadvantages are as follows:

1. Complex frame construction.
2. Small sizes of attics. The area is equal to the area of ​​the ceiling, but the useful volume is small.

The standard hipped roof is a pyramid with a rectangular or square base. In the first case, the installation of 4 triangular slopes is provided, and in the second - 2 triangular and 2 trapezoidal. All slopes can lean on the walls of a private house or go beyond them.

The roof scheme of a private house is simple, its calculation can be done in several ways. The hipped roof is constructed using the Pythagorean table. The calculation of the area of ​​the slopes and hips is very simple to perform, however, it will take a lot of time to calculate the placement of the rafter rafter legs.

First of all, you will need to independently assemble the frame structure. After that, the installation of a four-pitched or gable roof is carried out. You should be aware that the device of the rafter system in this case will be difficult.

Nuances to consider

In order for the roof to be made correctly, you need to follow these rules:

1. In the process of constructing the ridge system and rafters, the same type of wood should be used.
2. Intermediate rails must have a strong slope, so their minimum size is 150x50 mm.
3. Elements of short length are attached to the rafter parts, which are placed in the corners. It is not allowed to attach short parts to the ridge rail.
4. In the design, you need to use intermediate rafter legs, which are located in the central part of the product. They are mounted on a ridge rail.
5. These elements must be rested against the top of the harness and against the ridge rail. To complete the installation yourself, you will need to imagine a frame structure and prepare a drawing.

Installation of the hipped roof truss system.

It is important to consider the following nuances:

1. The ridge must be a bearing axle.
2. As the power components of the rafter system, the slats will be used, one part of which should protrude beyond the limits of a private house, and the other should be fixed on the ridge.
3. The central rafter legs must be fixed at the ends of the ridge and brought out to all walls.
4. Intermediate rafter legs should extend from the ridge.

Elements that need to be prepared in order to build a hipped roof with your own hands:

• jigsaw;
• hammer;
• self-tapping screws;
• drill;
• bars and slats;
• roofing material;
• metal staples (you can make it yourself from a 9-10 mm bar).

The sequence of actions for the manufacture of a hipped roof

The roof must be installed before the ceiling is installed. First of all, a beam should be laid around the perimeter of the building (on top of the walls) in order to distribute the weight over the entire base. As a bar, you can use a beam made of wood or metal. The element is called Mauerlat. It can be secured with special pins. Next, you need to perform the following actions:

Marking the hipped roof.

1. The first step is to mark the axle along the upper harness. You need to mark it from the end of the building.
2. Next, you need to calculate ½ the thickness of the ridge rail and mark the installation location of the initial element of the rafter system.
3. After that, the bar for measurement must be attached to the marked line and mark the installation site of the intermediate rafter leg.
4. The placement of the remaining rafter elements must be calculated by moving the plank along the side wall and marking the location of each rafter leg.
5. The steps must be repeated with other angles.

In the process of preparing a hipped roof with your own hands, you need to use several types of farms. These are the slopes of an ordinary farm, which are fastened in a ridge. Additionally, you can use the side triangular rafter legs. When installing them, you need to pay attention to the absence of discrepancies in the length and slope of these parts. They must be clearly verified for all parties. The length of the overhang should be chosen based on the characteristics of the building. The maximum value is 1 m.

To increase the strength of the tent structure, during installation, you can use crossbeam which reinforces the central rafter system.

How to calculate a hipped roof?

You will need to prepare the rail for measurements. It can be built from ordinary plywood. The width of the element should be 5 cm. It is also necessary to prepare a table of relationships between the placement of rafters and their length. It can be seen in Fig. 2.

Figure 2. Calculation of the hip roof.

With the bar, you need to measure the projection of the intermediate rafter leg. According to the table, you should find the required slope and multiply the data.

The calculation of the length of the overhang of the rafters is carried out in the same way. You will need to multiply the horizontal projection by a factor. These data can be obtained using the Pythagorean theorem: a² + b² = c².

On the one hand, all rafter legs have an oblique cut, which is needed to be attached to the ridge rail. The calculation of the corner rafter is performed as follows:

1. From the corner, you need to measure the length of the rafter.
2. To determine the length of the corner piece, the resulting value must be multiplied by the factor contained in the table.

Next, the area of ​​the hips is calculated. To facilitate calculations, you need to represent the ramp in the form of triangles. After that, the area of ​​the trapezium of the side roof base is calculated. Then the calculation of the roof is performed.

Roof frame structure

First of all, you need to install verticals for the ridge rail. Next, diagonal rafters are installed. After that, the installation of the slant and rafter legs is performed. The installation step of the elements is 60 cm. They should be fixed by cutting to the ridge. The cut can be constructed using a power tool. The bars should not touch the fixing points of the Mauerlat.

The device of a hipped roof made of metal or other material can be performed using diagonal rafter legs of the following types:

1. Hanging elements that rest on the walls and create a horizontal expansion force. It is advisable to use them in the absence of internal partitions.
2. Embedded elements that rest not only on the walls, but also on the supporting parts.

V frame structures made of wood, the entire rafter system will rest on top harness the foundations of a private house, and in log cabins - on the upper crowns of the structure. V brick houses it is customary to use a Mauerlat or a bar as supporting elements, which is laid on pre-prepared walls. Preparatory work are reduced to leveling the base of the upper row of masonry and filling with a screed. In some cases, in order to more reliably tie the Mauerlat, embedded parts are mounted into this base.

On top of the structure, support bars and beds are installed along the entire perimeter.

A waterproofing material will need to be laid between the brickwork and the Mauerlat.

Reinforcement of the roof will depend on the size of the building. You will need to install an additional truss on which the rack is fixed. If the area of ​​the house is very large, then double slats should be used for the diagonals.

DIY hipped roof: diagram

A hipped roof is a fairly popular design today. Building your own house on a backyard or in a village involves installing a roof of a certain shape, which you need to choose based on personal preferences.

Hip roof: roof project and its structure and project

At one of the stages of a project for the construction of a private house outside the city, you will think about the shape of the roof. Hip roof or hip roof is the most popular at the present time. Its appearance and construction are reminiscent of a tent. This roof has its pros and cons. You don't have to hire specialists to install and install this roof.

You can easily assemble the roof frame with your own hands. To do this, you need to be able to make calculations and have an idea of ​​\ u200b \ u200bthe structure and mechanism of the truss system at home. It must be remembered that the roof is attached in the same way as other structures. For more confidence, you can call an assistant.

The main advantage of the hipped roof design is aerodynamics, it resists strong gusty winds. Air currents will leave along the slopes without causing harm, and without even going into the attic.

The main disadvantage of such a roof is a complex frame, its sheet installation and the fact that the attic rooms are very small. Of course, the area of ​​the attic is equal to the area of ​​the ceiling, but the useful volume of the room is very small.

The classic-type hipped roof mechanism is a special pyramid with a square or rectangular base. Triangular and trapezoidal slopes, as a rule, rest on the walls of the house or go beyond them.

The main scheme of the hipped roof of the house is quite simple, and you can calculate it different ways... The hipped roof is installed using the system and the Pythagorean table. And it will not be difficult for you to calculate the area of ​​the slopes and hips, but calculating the location and installation of straight and ordinary rafters takes a lot of time.

The construction of a hipped roof begins with the assembly of the frame. After that, the roof is attached. The mechanism of the rafter system is quite complex. Below we will consider in more detail how to make a frame, make a calculation and make a roof.

Basic rules for the construction of a hipped roof

The manufacture and installation of the roof follows the following rules:

1. For the construction of the ridge system and the rafters, the same wood and material are used.
2. Intermediate boards have a steeper angle of inclination, and their size must be at least 50x150 mm.
3. Short pieces and pieces are attached to the corner components of the rafters, not to the ridge board.
4. During construction, intermediate central rafters are used in the structure, fixed on the ridge board.
5. And they should rest against the upper end of the harness or against the ridge board.

The following elements of the hipped roof must be fixed on the drawing:

1. the central part of the structure - the ridge, is the bearing axis;
2. nipple rafters are the power components of the rafter system, one end will protrude outside the house, and the other will be attached to the ridge;
3. rafters of the central type are attached at the ends of the ridge and are displayed on all walls;
4. intermediate rafters extending from the ridge must go strictly along the slopes;

DIY hipped roof

At the beginning of work, a timber is laid around the entire perimeter of the house for a more even distribution of the mass over the entire surface. It is also called Mauerlat. It must be fixed to the wall of the house using special pins. Next, you need to do the following:

• mark the axis from the end frame house on the upper harness;
• calculate half the thickness of the ridge beam and mark the installation location of the initial element of the rafter system;
• attach one end of the measuring rod to the marked line and mark the place of the intermediate rafter;
• to calculate the overhang of the rafters, one end of the beam must be placed on the overhang of the roof, and the other - at an angle with outside walls of the house;
• you can calculate the location of other elements of the central rafters by moving the rail along the side wall of the house and marking the position of each rafter;
• at the other corners, the same is repeated;
• you can buy roofing materials in special hardware stores. Today on the market there are wide choose roofing optimal quality at an affordable price.

Calculation of hip roof elements

For this calculation, you will need a special measuring rod.... It is made of standard plywood 5 cm wide. There is a special table of rafter length and position ratios.

Thanks to these data, which are presented in detail in the table, the length of the rafters' legs is the product of the intermediate or angular coefficient of its projection. To increase the accuracy and reliability of calculations, be sure to use this table. Consider an example of calculating the roof of a roof, you measured the horizontal projection of the intermediate type rafters with a rail.

From the table, you will find the angle of inclination that suits your case, and multiply the data.

You can also calculate the length of the overhang of the rafters. You need to multiply the horizontal projection by a certain factor. Also, these data can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem for right triangle by the formula: a2 + b2 = c2. Where a and b are horizontal and vertical projections.

Corner elements

All rafters have an oblique cut on one side, which is necessary for attaching to the ridge beam. The ridge has a special undercut with a double bevel for more reliable fixation of parts and elements in the corners of the house.

And the calculation of corner-type rafters is as follows:

• from the corner you need to measure the full length of the rafters;
• its projection will be the product of the squares of the lengths of the rafter central projections.

The resulting number must be multiplied by the coefficient indicated in the table, and you get the length of the corner rafter.

Then the area of ​​the triangular slopes is calculated. They are also calculated by the Pythagorean theorem. To simplify the calculations, you need to represent the slope in the form of two right-angled triangles. Next, use the formula to calculate the trapezoid area of ​​the side surface of the roof of the house.

And already at the very end we calculate the roof. The indicators of all areas must be summed up, and you get the minimum roof area.

Tools and building materials

You can build a tent structure standard type, either elongated to one side or in the form of a truncated pyramid.

Do-it-yourself frame installation

Initially, verticals for the ridge bar are mounted. After that, the installation of diagonal rafters of the same length begins.

Next comes the installation of the overhead rafters, and then the privates with a certain step of 60 cm, which are fixed with a cut to the ridge and Mauerlat. You can do the cut with your own hands or with a special power tool.

Then, on the diagonal guides, the hangers are fixed, for a bundle of the cut-off beams and the Mauerlat at a certain angle relative to the ridge of the roof.

An important point, ordinary bars should in no case touch the connection points of the Mauerlat.

Strengthening the roof will directly depend on the dimensions of the house. An additional truss is laid, i.e. timber between adjacent sides of the rafters. And already a rack or truss truss is installed on it. With a very large area of ​​the house, double beams are used for diagonals. A gable roof and a gable roof are mounted in a similar way.

Hip roof: roof project and its structure and project

DIY hip roof design. What materials and tools for the roof you need to buy. Step by step guide roof and roof structures + video

DIY hipped roof

The hipped roof structure consists of triangular slopes. As a rule, the number of skates is equal to four, but if desired, the owner can change their number. The main thing that finished structure was robust and symmetrical.

Outwardly, such a roofing structure looks like a tent, for which it got its name. As part of the roof there are no gables, which makes it possible to additionally save on building and finishing roofing materials. Subject to proper arrangement, such a roof will have an attractive and original appearance.

Arrangement of a hipped roof requires special knowledge and skills from the performer. You can do it yourself with the construction of a hipped roof structure. The main thing is to do it right necessary calculations and strictly follow the instructions when performing each activity.

Necessary calculations

Before going to the store for the required materials, familiarize yourself with the procedure for performing calculations and draw up a roof project that is suitable specifically for your case.

Traditionally, the roof under consideration includes 4 inclined slopes.

If the base of the structure is in the shape of a regular square, the area of ​​the structure is calculated by multiplying the area of ​​one roof slope by 4.

Hip roof frame

However, if the base of the system looks like a rectangle, then first you need to determine the total value of the areas of two different rectangles, and then double the resulting number.

To establish the area of ​​the roof slope, which is an isosceles triangle, it is necessary to multiply the length of the base of the figure by the value of its height, and then double the resulting number.

When performing calculations, you need to find out the value of the area of ​​the eaves overhangs in the form of isosceles trapezoids. This calculation is done by multiplying the height of the shape by exactly 50% of the sum of the base lengths of the trapezoidal shape.

The calculation of the hipped roof system can be done in two ways. The first involves a calculation using the value of the ridge height and the length of the base of the roof structure. In accordance with the second calculation method, it is necessary to take into account the value of the length of the diagonal rafter, as well as the length of the perimeter of the base.

In addition, in the calculation process, it is imperative to pay attention to the parameters of various additional components that make up the roofing structure. These elements include:

Tilt angle and rafter length

To make the principle of calculation more understandable, we offer you a simple example of the implementation of the basic calculation activities. Initial data:

• house dimensions - 6x6 m;
• length diagonal rafters- 521 cm;
• ridge height - 297 cm;
• slope of roof slopes - 35 degrees;
• width of the eaves overhang - 600 mm.

Using the first of the two previously mentioned methods, determine the value of the height of the roofing triangle. To do this, use the Pythagorean theorem, according to which to calculate the square of the height, you need to subtract from the value of the square of the length of the roof slope half the width of the base, also squared.

In this example, the calculation will show that the square of the height is 4.24 m squared. Using a simple formula, you can determine that the area of ​​one triangular slope will be 12.72 m 2.

Due to the fact that the base of the roof is a square with a side of 6 m, the calculated area value must be increased by 4 times. As a result, you will determine the total area of ​​the roof slopes, equal in this example to 50.88 m 2.

Determine the area of ​​the cornice light. You already know the value of the length of the shorter base of the trapezoidal figure - 6 m. To establish the length of the larger base, you need to use the simplest form that is relevant for such figures.

Hipped roof (hip roof)

According to the calculations, the length of the larger base will be 704 cm, and the area of ​​the figure as a result will be equal to 4.76 m 2.

To set the total area of ​​the overhangs, multiply the value calculated in the previous step by 4.

As a result, the total amount of the hipped roof structure will be 69.91 m 2.

What you need to know about the rafter system?

The hipped roof structure can be erected using a layered or hanging system. The final version is selected in accordance with the conditions of a particular situation.

For example, it is quite difficult to cope with the installation of hanging rafters with your own hands, and it will take an irrationally long time to repair such a structure. Such rafters are usually equipped in situations where there is no interior walls, and the rafters can only rely on the supporting walls of the structure.

Roof rafters are simpler and more financially beneficial in arrangement. The system is placed on the middle load-bearing wall, as well as intermediate support pillars fixed on a reinforced concrete base.

Recessed rafters are most often used when installing four-pitched roof structures with an inclination of more than 40 degrees.

It is important to choose correct option supports for the roof rafter system. If the house is frame, the roof must be supported by the upper harness. In the case of brick and stone buildings, the Mauerlat performs the function of support, and when arranging the roof of a house from a log house, the roofing system is fixed to the upper crowns.

Determine the optimal cross-section of the rafter legs. To do this, you need to know a number of parameters, namely:

• the step of installing the elements of the rafter system;
• slope of roof slopes;
• estimated snow, wind and other loads;
• span size, etc.

It is important to know the basic parameters of tent-type roofing elements.

So, if the rafter legs have a length not exceeding 300 cm, the rafters must be placed in increments of 110-135 cm.The optimal diameter of the log for such a situation is 100 mm, and the size of the board is 100x80 mm.

If the rafters need to be supported on the extreme hanging truss, then the principle of creating an attachment point depends on the section of the lateral rafter legs

If the rafter legs have a length in the range of 300 to 400 cm, they must be fastened at a distance of 140-170 cm. To equip such a rafter system, it is recommended to use logs with a diameter of 150 mm or boards with dimensions of 100x90 mm.

If the rafters have a length in the range of 400-500 cm, they need to be fastened in increments of 110-135 cm, using logs with a diameter of 200 mm for arranging the structure, as well as boards with dimensions of 200x80 mm.

When arranging a rafter system of elements no longer than 650 cm in length, the rafters must be placed in increments of 110-140 cm, using logs with a diameter of 240 mm or boards with dimensions of 220x120 mm to equip the structure.

For the arrangement of the purlins, use a beam of 100x50 mm or logs with a diameter of 160 mm.

Mauerlat is traditionally erected from a 100x50 mm bar or a log with a diameter of 120 mm.

Racks, crossbars and struts are made of a bar with a section of 100x50 mm or logs with a diameter of 120 mm.

It is important that the rafter legs are strictly the same length, and the rafters are docked apart.

The most common slope of the slopes of hip roof structures is maintained in the range of 40-60 degrees, however, depending on the parameters of the finishing roofing material, the slope may vary slightly. The dependency is as follows:

• when using tiles, the slope is maintained within 30-60 degrees;
• when using sheet roofing materials and materials based on asbestos cement, the slope will be in the range from 14 to 60 degrees;
• using roll materials the slope will be 8-18 degrees.

Roof installation procedure

The process of arranging a hipped roof includes several stages.

First step

Draw up a structural project and make the necessary calculations in accordance with the recommendations given earlier.

Second phase

Buy the required amount of materials, taking into account the dimensions and characteristics approved by the project.

Third stage

Lay the Mauerlat along the entire length of the building. Rafter legs will be installed on it.

If the house is built of bricks, the Mauerlat is best laid on the inside of the walls. In this case, a moisture-proof material must be laid between the Mauerlat and the wall. For waterproofing, roofing material is often used. To prevent the rafter legs from sagging, you need to mount the lattice with the appropriate parameters.

If the house is built of wood, in most cases the upper part of the frame will be able to cope with the functions of the Mauerlat.

Fourth stage

Install the rafter support beam (purlin) at the top roof structure... The support beam must be placed parallel to the Mauerlat. The recommended distance between the two mentioned elements is up to 450 cm.

Fifth stage

Install diagonal braces, braces and struts.

For the manufacture of diagonal ties, boards of 250-450 mm are usually used. They must be nailed to the base of the rafter leg.

You need to equip the planned number of ramps (usually 4). At this stage, work according to the blueprints you have.

Sixth stage

Insulate the roof. Attached first waterproofing material, a heater is placed under it, and a membrane vapor barrier film is placed under the heater.

Lathing on valleys and roof ridges

In the end, you just have to lay the desired finishing roofing material and install different kinds additional elements like gutters, etc.

Now you are aware of the main features of a hipped roof structure, you know in what order the system is calculated, what its main elements should be, and in what sequence the roof arrangement is carried out directly. Follow the instructions, while focusing on the provisions of the existing project, and everything will definitely work out.

Do-it-yourself hip roof - calculations and installation!

Find out how to equip a hipped roof with your own hands. Detailed guide for the calculation and installation of the roofing system. Photo + video.

In the process of building a house or a gazebo, the question inevitably arises of which roof structure to prefer. If the building being erected has a quadrangular, and best of all, a square shape, designers and architects often opt for a hipped roof hipped roof... The complexity of this torus design pays off in the original appearance, excellent thermal insulation and aerodynamic properties. This article will tell you how a do-it-yourself hip roof is designed and installed.

Hip roof structure

In construction, it is customary to consider a hipped roof as a variation of a hip hip roof, in which the ridge connection was transformed into a ridge knot, that is, it changed from a line to a point. The hipped roof is a pyramid, the sides of which are formed by four slopes in the form of isosceles triangles. Any quadrangular building is suitable for installation, but the square shape allows for perfect symmetry, which results in the best possible result.

It includes the following main elements:

Construction stages

Project creation

A do-it-yourself hip roof is built only on the basis of a well-designed project that guarantees its reliability. Before making the drawings, you need to remember the school geometry course in order to make calculations of the angle of inclination of the slopes, the height of the ridge and the area of ​​the slopes. There is a simple instruction to perform calculations:

Do not forget that for a hipped roof with a rectangular base, in contrast to the same structure with a square base, the slopes will have a different slope and different lengths rafter legs. This must be taken into account in the calculations and installation!

The project is created manually or using computer program, which will not only perform calculations of the length of the elements of the rafter system for you, but also select their thickness. The result of the design stage is a diagram with the dimensions and relative position of the roof elements, which will become the support for the installation work.

The structure of the rafter system

The roof rafter system is made of wood conifers and consists of the following main and additional elements:

In the construction of a hipped roof, a hanging or layered rafter system is used, depending on the possibilities of planning the structure. However, experienced roofers do not advise using the layered type if the slope of the slopes exceeds 40 degrees.

Installation progress

When the project is approved and the materials are purchased, you can do the installation of the hipped roof with your own hands:

Some elements are longer than 6 meters, the standard size of lumber. Therefore, it is necessary to make type-setting rafters, made up of several parts, or glued.

Building a hipped roof with your own hands is hard, time-consuming work, but the result obtained, which distinguishes a house or a gazebo among neighbors of the same type, will reward you for your efforts and spent energy!

Video instruction

The hipped roof can be one- and two-level, have four or more slopes. For the right choice sections of its elements, it is necessary to perform a sketch and correct calculation, which boils down to several formulas. In the article we will talk about the structure of the hipped roof and the method for calculating its rafter system.

A hipped roof is one of the most common options in the construction of a house or a gazebo, which are circular, square or rectangular in plan with a slight difference in the lengths of the sides. This design is a good solution for houses of a relatively small area or two-storey cottages with a small base. The roof got its name from the pyramidal shape of the traditional eastern tent, formed by one top and triangular slopes.

Hip roof options

Under the name "hipped roof" several roofing options are combined that have structural differences.

A single-level four-pitched roof is geometrically a four-sided pyramid. The two-level roof is more complex design: upper part - pyramid, middle - cube or parallelogram, lower - truncated pyramid. It was as if the top of the roof had been cut off from the base and raised. The middle part is sometimes made in the form of a glass lantern or finished in the color of the walls.

A hipped roof can have not only four slopes, but also six and eight slopes. This shape looks more like a cone than a pyramid, and is most common in the construction of gazebos with a round base. The most difficult thing in the implementation of such a structure is the connection of the rafters in the center.

The rafter systems differ not so much aesthetically as structurally:

• hanging;
• layered.

The hanging truss system rests exclusively on the walls of the house, the layered one has a support located in the center of the building and rests on a load-bearing wall or on a pillar specially erected inside the house.

a - the structure of the hanging rafters; b - the structure of the layered rafters; 1 - rafter; 2 - crossbar; 3 - tightening; 4 - rack; 5 - brace; 6 - run; 7 - bed

The choice of design depends on the dimensions of the span (8 m - a hanging system is suitable, 12 m - a layered system is required) and the maximum length of the timber for construction (when connecting the rafter leg in length, the installation of a vertical support is required).

In practice, the layered system is often used, as it is more reliable and maintainable. If the house does not have a suitable load-bearing wall or pillar for support, the base can be created from a bar by dressing at the Mauerlat level.

Basic diagrams and elements of the rafter system

As we wrote, the hipped roof is geometrically a pyramid, so all calculations are carried out based on the rules that apply to the pyramids and triangles that make up it.

Main elements

In order not to be confused in the future with terms, let us name the main elements of the hipped roof rafter system, schematically shown in the figure below, and link them to the geometric image of the hipped roof in the form of a pyramid.

Hanging rafter structure

1. Mauerlat. Roof base and support, especially with hanging rafters. It is located around the perimeter of the building (ABCD), rests on the walls or is mounted on their outside. For the Mauerlat device, a large section bar is used.
2. Slant rafters. Roof corners converging at a central point to form a pyramid. On the pyramid diagram (excluding overhangs): AK = DK = CK = BK = Lн. Longest rafter legs in construction.
3. Ridge knot (K). The most difficult knot in a carpenter's design. If the base of the house is not square, but the ridge forms an edge, the hipped roof transforms into its "sister" - the vald roof. In a structure with layered rafters, the KF (H) section is the central support.
4. Central rafters. They converge in a ridge knot with nipple rafters. They are the height of each slope, which is an isosceles triangle. On the pyramid diagram (excluding overhangs) - a segment KE, length Lц.
5. Narodniks. These are shortened rafters running parallel to the central one in both directions.

Now consider constructions with layered rafters.

Tie-free construction with layered rafters

Along with the already indicated elements: the oblique (1) and central (2) rafters, as well as the ridge (3), new elements appear. The central support (rack) or headstock (4), which is supported by the puffs (5), connecting the Mauerlat diagonally. This is an embodiment of a rack that is not based on the masonry, but on an element of the rafter system.

In the absence of central rafters and to strengthen the ridge knot with the headstock (2), it is complemented by the crossbars (3) connecting the oppositely placed slant rafters (1) in pairs (see the figure above).

Reinforcement elements

For greater structural strength and rigidity, especially in climates prone to strong winds, or with a large building area, and therefore a large length of rafter legs, the main structural elements are supplemented with reinforcement elements.

Option to strengthen the rafter structure

Along the axis of the building, it is cut into the opposite beams of the Mauerlat (1) additional bar- bed (2). The basis of the design, as before, is made up of central (4), shortened (rafters) (5) and slant (3) rafters. Slanting rafters reinforce the cranial bars (6), anchored at the bottom. This is a reinforcement for both the slant legs and the wives who lean on them. The tie rods (7) hold the opposite rafters together and serve as a base for the installation of the uprights (8). They are fixed on top of the Mauerlat and on top of the bed and rest on them.

With especially large lengths of rafter legs, struts are used - supports located not vertically, but at an angle of 45-60 °. In practice, struts are installed with a wall length of more than 9 m (for a gable or four-slope).

The system of strengthening the main elements also contributes to saving lumber. The cross-section of the main elements in such a structure can be taken as reduced. Another way of saving is the formation of overhangs by growing rafters ending in a Mauerlat, filly - bars or boards of a smaller section.

Calculation of the rafter system of the hipped roof

The calculation is based on the following initial data:

• the length of the house;
• width of the house
• ridge height.

Consider the order and formulas of calculations on a conditional example, using the geometric image of a hipped roof (see above):

• house length: AB = DC = 9 m;
• house width: AD = BC = 8 m;
• the height of the ridge located in the geometric center of the roof: KF = 2 m.

Calculation of the lengths of rafter elements

1. Length of beams mauerlata.

• AB + DC + AD + BC = 9 + 8 + 9 + 8 = 34 m

2. Central rafters(excluding overhangs). They are the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle, in which one leg is the height of the ridge, and the other is half the width (8/2 = 4 m) or the length (9/2 = 4.5 m) of the house.

Remember the Pythagorean theorem:

3. Slant rafters(excluding overhangs). They are the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle, in which one leg is half the width or length of the house, and the other is the corresponding central rafter. For a roof with a ridge in the geometric center of the roof, the lengths of the overhead rafters are the same.

4. Narodniks. The shortened rafters are located parallel to the central one, with a pitch depending on the length of the rafters. Consider a table compiled taking into account weather loads for the Moscow region.

Table 1. Data correspond to atmospheric loads in the Moscow region

Rafters step, cm	Rafters length, m
	3,0	3,5	4,0	4,5	5,0	5,5	6,0
215	100x150	100x175	100x200	100x200	100x250	100x250	—
175	75x150	75x200	75x200	100x200	100x200	100x200	100x250
140	75x125	75x125	75x200	75x200	75x200	100x200	100x200
110	75x150	75x150	75x175	75x175	75x200	75x200	100x200
90	50x150	50x175	50x200	75x175	75x175	75x200	75x200
60	40x150	40x175	50x150	50x150	50x175	50x200	50x200

Our center rafters are 4.472 m and 4.924 m long. The rafters will be shorter so you can look at the 3.5 m column.

To calculate the lengths of the beads, let's recall the school and use the properties of such triangles.

If in the figure AB is the central rafter, then MN is the rafter, AC is half the length of the wall (4.0 and 4.5 m, respectively), AM is the step depending on the number of the rafters. MC for each spouse is calculated separately.

• MN = (AB MC) / AC

We will calculate the options for choosing the most economical arrangement of shortened rafters, the results of which will be summarized in a table.

Table 2. Calculation of sawn timber for women

Step of the wives, cm	Bar section, mm	Long side mongrels: AC = 4.5 m, AB = 4.472 m				Short side mongrels: AC = 4.0 m, AB = 4.9242 m
		number in half slope	AM, m	length in half slope, m		number in half slope	AM, m	length in half slope, m	volume of lumber for two slopes, m 3
215	100x175	1	2,25	2,356	0,165	1	2,0	2,461	0,172
175	75x200	2	1,5	2,981 + 1,491	0,268	1	2,0	2,461	0,148
140	75x175	2	1,5	2,981 + 1,491	0,235	2	1,333	3,282 + 1,641	0,258
110	75x150	3	1,125	3,354 + 2,236 + 1,118	0,302	3	1,0	3,693 + 2,462 + 1,231	0,332
90	50x175	4	0,9	3,578 + 2,683 + 1,789 + 0,894	0,313	3	1,0	3,693 + 2,462 + 1,231	0,259
60	40x175	6	0,643	3,834 + 3,195 + 2,556 + 1,917 + 1,278 + 0,639	0,376	6	0,571	4,218 + 3,515 + 2,812 + 2,109 + 1,406 + 0,703	0,413

Obviously, the less costly options for our example are options with long strides. However, the requirements for fastening the roofing material and the costs of the lathing should also be taken into account. From this point of view, the answer will not be so obvious.

Calculation of the roof area taking into account the overhangs

Since the previous calculation was carried out without taking into account the eaves overhang, which in our example is performed using fillies, we will consider this part of the roof again as a simple geometric figure.

Let us take the length of the overhang (DC) equal to 0.5 m.To determine the area of ​​the slope, we again use the knowledge about the properties of such triangles:

• EF / BC = AG / AD

BC - 8 and 9 m for short and long walls respectively.

AD - 4.924 and 4.472 m for short and long walls, respectively.

AG - 4.924 + 0.5 = 5.424 m and 4.472 + 0.5 = 4.972 m for short and long walls, respectively.

• EF = (AG ∙ BC) / AD
• EF = (5.424 ∙ 8) / 4.924 = 8.812 m - for the short side
• EF = (4.972 ∙ 9) / 4.472 = 10.006 m - for the long side

The area of ​​the slope is calculated by the formula:

• S = (EF ∙ AG) / 2
• S = (8.812 ∙ 5.424) / 2 = 23.9 m 2 - for the short side
• S = (10.006 ∙ 4.972) / 2 = 24.88 m 2 - for the long side

Total area of ​​roofing material:

• 2 (23.9 + 24.88) = 97.56 m 2.

Advice! When calculating the material, take into account the cutting, especially if it is sheet material like slate or corrugated board.

Attention! The article considers the calculation of only the basic elements of the rafter system, which can help in drawing up a preliminary budget for the construction.

By and large, a hip roof (see photo) is the same hip roof, in which the ridge length is zero, i.e. there is no ridge, and all corner rafters converge at one point. Most often it is erected on houses, the box of which is a square.

Let's take a look at one example of such a roof. Our rafters will rest on the floor beams. Let's say we have a box of a house measuring 10x10 meters with a load-bearing partition in the middle.

STEP 1: We install Mauerlats, floor beams and extension beams (see Fig. 1). We put the floor and extension beams, starting from the middle, i.e. first the central ones, and then from them to the left and to the right the rest with the calculated step.

Picture 1

We see that the extreme floor beams and the extreme outreach are at the same distance from the corner of the house. As we said in the article, it is advisable to take this distance at least 0.8-1 meters.

STEP 2: In the middle of the future roof, we install a central pillar made of 150x150 mm timber. We determine its height from a preliminary sketch of the roof, made on paper. We fix the rack strictly vertically using two temporary jibs (see Fig. 2). After we install the center rafters in the next step, the jibs can be removed. They are not shown in the following figures.

Picture 2

STEP 3: We manufacture and install four central rafters of the slopes.

How the rafters are marked is shown in Fig. 3

Figure 3

Thus, we make all four central rafters of the slopes and install them (see Fig. 4):

Figure 4

At the top, they can be sewn together either with nails or using metal corners, as shown in the figure.

STEP 4: Sew on the wind boards and install the corner stems (see Fig. 5). How to make corner stems is also described in detail in the article on hip roof(link above):

Figure 5

STEP 5: We manufacture and install corner rafters.

To do this, first of all we pull the lace (see fig. 6):

Now I want to show the method that we always use when installing corner rafters over 6 meters long (when they have to be extended). First of all, we take two boards of 6 meters. For one we do only the lower one, for the other, only the upper one. Then we put these two boards, stitching them together with nails right in place. We also immediately put a rack under them (see Fig. 7):

Figure 7

Now we measure the lengths of the two pieces that we are missing with a tape measure - one with the upper cut, the other with the lower one. We make them and sew them onto already standing boards.

This way we make all four corner rafters (see fig. 8):

Figure 8

STEP 6: We add to the projection corners, which are not enough, and, if necessary, put the racks under the rafters (see Fig. 9):

Figure 9

The need to install racks is determined by calculation, depending on the size of the roof and snow loads... It is more desirable to rest the racks on the load-bearing partitions, or to put struts. The possibility of installing racks on floor beams is also checked by calculation. We talked about this in the article. When doing this, always try to move the racks as close to load-bearing walls to reduce the load on the beams.

STEP 7: We make and install all wipers (see fig. 10). The procedure for the manufacture of handcuffs is shown

Figure 10

We put small props above the Mauerlat under the arms, based on the stem.

After that, it remains for us to hem the cornices from the bottom and make the crate.