Monolithic belt - what is it and why is it needed? Monolithic brickwork belt SNiP. Stone and Armocamenic Designs Monolithic Belt in Brick Walls

Armopois is a monolithic reinforced concrete design. The belt has a ring circuit, it is arranged on the walls, and does not have breaks (gaps) in your body. Solving the issue: how to make Armopoyas begin with the formwork from the device. The most affordable formwork material is a board. The formwork for Armopoyas is performed either from individual boards, or from finished wooden shields, interconnected outside wooden trimming. The bottom of the board is attached to the wall by self-draws. On top of the opposite walls of the formwork connect wooden screeds (on nails). Step screed - 80 cm, but not more than 100 cm.

Armopois with their own hands

Performing Armopoyas with your own hands, you can use another version of its creation, in which the formwork serve not wooden designs, and U-shaped blocks of aerated concrete. Tray blocks are stacked by the same width as the wall, and have an inlet for booking a knitted reinforcing frame and concrete. The belt with such a "formwork" is particularly beneficial to organize on the outer walls, because the side walls of U-shaped blocks perform the functions of the insulation and exclude the formation of "bridges" of cold. Lack of tray blocks - high price.

Armopoyash height

The geometric and technical characteristics of the monolithic design are determined by the calculation. Typically, the width of the belt is equal to the width of the wall, 30-50cm. As supporting the team or monolithic overlap The walls are only 120 cm (in practice - 150-200cm), on the basis of this, the width of the belt can be accepted smaller. The recommended height of the Armopoyas - 30cm.

In the cottages, where it is planned to create light floors, it is allowed to install in the belt of a flat frame. Forecas-ladder is prepared directly on the wall, directly in the formwork. It is 2 rod (for a wide wall of 3 rod) of the periodic profile (diameter by calculation), interconnected by transverse rods. The pruck of 50 cm. Armopoyas under the floor overlap plate bears higher loads. Therefore, the framework is made by the volume of 4 or 6 longitudinal reinforcement rods and tied with transverse clamps from the wire.

Armopoyas for gas concrete

The framework from all sides should have a protective layer of concrete 4-5cm. It is placed on the bottom on the backups of the brick or concrete chips. It should be noted that Armopoyas is satisfied with aerated concrete not only on the outer walls, but also on the carrier inner walls. And if, along the length of the wall, the transverse rods and clamps can be connected to a knitting wire, then in the corners of the structure and in the branching places of the frame on the internal bearing walls, the connection of the longitudinal reinforcement and the transverse elements is performed on welding. The frame in the level is set strictly horizontally.

With the device of the rapid construction of the roof, its lower row is Mauerlat, attached to the bearing wall with special anchors and studs. Itself slinge system Creates a driving load, which can lead to strain walls. Armopoyas under the roof ensures the strength of the wall, the stable rigidity of the roofing system. It is performed similar to the procedure of the device of the monolithic belt under the overlap. Aropoyas for Maurylalat serves to distribute the load on the entire surface of the wall, and for the laying in it fasteners for the Mauerlat itself.

How to fill armooosais

Task: How to fill over armoances is solved at the final stage of the device of the monolithic structure. For the pouring, you can use the finished purchased concrete mix of the M200 brand (B15). Another option is the manufacture of concrete at the construction site. Cement M400, sand and crushed stone, taken in the ratio of 1: 3: 5. All components are loaded into the concrete mixer, water is added to the desired consistency and mixed. It is important that the concrete in the formwork is poured continuously, and not parts. To remove air bubbles from the mixture, after the fill, the concrete mixture should be printed or intensively pushing the concrete along the entire length of the belt of the reinforcement.

Aropoyas for aerated concrete brick

In practice, as an option to enhance the wall structures, sometimes they perform Armopois for a aerated concrete of a brick. It is a conventional masonry of full-scale brick, reinforced by reinforcement. Reinforcement is performed by a wire mosquito net: 4-5mm through each row of masonry in height. The solution is used cement-sand in a 1: 4 ratio. Brick belt height is taken from 20 cm to 40 cm. The width of the belt can correspond to the width of the wall, but maybe already. Of course, armopoyas from bricks cannot be called equivalent on the strength characteristics of the w / b belt. However, it is reliable when building houses in areas with low seismic activity or to build auxiliary facilities and hospostroops.

Armopoyash insulation

In order for the reinforced belt, the "bridge" of the cold and in order to avoid the formation of condensate on it, it is necessary to carry out the warming of Armopoya. Therefore, the monolithic or brick belt, most often, is not performed on the entire width of the wall, but with an indentation from its outer face. It is important to withstand the minimum width of the reinforced belt, equal to 20 cm. For concrete and 25 cm for bricks. The resulting longitudinal niches are filled with heat-insulating material, which are partitioned by spoons (10cm), polystyrene plates and other materials.

The reinforced monolithic or brick belt gives the construction structures of the house of aerated concrete blocks with increased strength. And for all households, he becomes a guarantor of a safe, long and happy stay in a new house.

of-stroy.ru.

Features of the reinforced belt

In what cases is required to strengthen the building, can it be possible without it? Pour seismopyas in the following situations:

insufficiently illuminated foundation;
located in the immediate vicinity of ravines and reservoirs;
the building was built in a mountain relief;
possible soil shrinkage under construction;
the object is located in the seismic zone.

What is the reference framework for?

Row modern materialsapplied in construction, is distinguished by a complex of advantages. But due to insufficient stiffness, they adversely perceive point efforts. You can prevent destruction by performing the Armopoya device. This event is the justified necessity for modern structures, including bricks.

The roof overlapping affects the construction of two types of effort:

Vertically active load transmitted by the weight of the roof and external factors: wind load, snow cover, seismic components. The point exposure to the rafter farm is converted into uniformly distributed.
The spacer transmitted on the base with licked rafters. The roof is trying to strengthen the construction. This opposes the reinforced steel rod belt.

Functional purpose

The reinforced carcass performs a number of responsible tasks:

preservation of the contour and preventing the strain of walls during soil shrinkage and earthquakes;
alignment of the built-in design in the horizontal plane and eliminate errors made during masonry;
ensuring the stiffness of the building under construction;
distribution of local or point efforts by the support plane of carrier surfaces;
fixing a closed line, which is the base for fastening the roof.

Regardless of your plans for accommodation over the first floor of the houses of the attic, the next floor or roof, remember that you need to take care of the strengthening of the structure!

Features of preparatory activities

A serious requirement for the construction of a belt reinforced with steel rods is compliance with sizes.

Rin should maximize the thickness of the walls, representing the design of a square section with a side size of at least 250 millimeters. If the construction of the construction is carried out from aerated concrete, then the installation of the final series is performed by special blocks of the U-shaped configuration. This chain is a formwork for filling with concrete solution. In a situation where the construction of the house is carried out of the brick, the outer contour is formed by installing bricks for half the thickness, and the inner - is performed from the boards.

Construction frame, pay attention to its continuity throughout the perimeter of the object. The general roofing system of the house provides for special elements: a fox or rack of skates, based on other walls of the building that are not capital. On them in this situation should also be built a frame of amplification. Controlling the horizontal of the top edge Check with a water level.

Sequence of preparatory operations

For Armopoyas, you can perform all stages of work if you carefully study technological process And in time to purchase everything you need. Installation stages include:

Preparation for installation. How to make a formwork strong? What are the materials necessary? Use ordinary wooden boards having a thickness of at least 40 millimeters to arrange a framework. The width of the boards must be about 200 millimeters. With the help of special guide elements, it is necessary to cross the formwork with nails to provide stiffness. The length of the nails up to 120 millimeters allows you to perform a reliable fixation of the formwork for Armopoya. Speakers of nails gently bent. For the reliability of the design, you should fix the guides to the capital elements of the building.

Providing immobility. The dimensions of the guide elements made of bars or boards must correspond to the wall thickness. Fixation of the form is carried out to the boards with nails. The formwork for Armopoyas must have rigidity, not to diverge when pouring a concrete solution.
Sealing joints. The blockage of end slots produce a thick solution, which should not be stroke out, remain inside the perimeter. You can also add a mounting foam or film to seal the slots.

Specificity reinforcement

To install the reinforcement frame, you will need corrugated rods with a diameter of more than 12 mm, which are stacked around the perimeter of the construction. When laying the reinforcement, its installation must be performed on both sides: one row to the inside of the wall of the structure, and the other to the external one. How to fix the reinforced frame? This requires welding, with the help of which the entire frame is carefully rocked. This applies to all metal parts and junctions. Belt angles that perform should be beatened throughout the perimeter.

After reinforcement, the structure will be condensed with two whole steel rings. Building partitions that do not carry overlapping power load, reinforced in the traditional way. On top of the valves, be sure to install a wire mesh with a diameter of 8 mm with square or rectangular cells. Mounting to the mesh reinforcement we carry out with the use of knitting wire. When fixing around the perimeter, the mesh is not allowed. Ensure minimum size vertically reinforced contour - 20 centimeters. Carrier carrier elements of the frame are fixed by braziness. This will ensure the monolith of the belt after concreting.

Preparation of concrete

It is possible to use a solution used when laying a brick based on a sandy gravel mixture. For this applies river sand, large fractions of gravel, as well as a small amount of rubble. For the traditionally used cement of the brand 400, one part of the cement mixed with four parts of a mixture of sand and gravel. The level of the flooded solution is controlled by a pre-stretched construction thread.

Pouring concrete solution

Ensure the required strength can be ensured by following the following recommendations:

the formwork for Armopoyas technology is concreted at one reception;
perform work continuously;
the solution is desirable to apply with a concrete pump directly into a wooden form;
pour concrete until it covers the reinforcement to a depth of 5 cm;
it is preferable to use concrete with a brand of at least M 200;
air cavities are unacceptable, which adversely affect strength. To eliminate, use special vibrators;
the use of plasticizers improves the fluidity of the mixture, reduces water concentration, which reduces the deadline for solidification of concrete;
over the course of 3 weeks, concrete mass should stand out;
in the hot period, we use the surface of the surface to prevent the cracks and the fortress of the frozen solution.

Final operations

Remove the formwork framework in a week after setting up concrete. By this time it will reach the strength characteristics. After hardening concrete screed Immediately proceed to laying the plates for the future overlap or installation of the roof. Be sure to use rolled waterproofing materials Before mounting the roof or installation plates of the overlap. In places fastening the roofing system, if necessary, holes for anchors are performed.

It is impractical to save on building materials. If the reinforced belt is covered with the technological requirements, then the durability of the construction of the building and the strength of the structure is guaranteed. Armopoyas under the roof, observing these recommendations, make it easy! You can do it yourself!

Originally Posted 2016-11-03 10:26:32.

pobetony.ru.

Main types of discharge belts

Depending on the arrangement of Armopoyas, it can wear different names and assume certain functions:

Scarlet - stacked between the columnar or pile base of the house and walls. However, it is not built from the brick - too responsible plot.
The base is the second level of unloading and reinforcement, which is used in the construction of houses on the foundation from concrete blocks. It provides a base of greater rigidity on moving soils and is also made of ZBB. Although a fairly widespread option is a brickwork, which performs the functions of a non-removable formwork under the subsequent fill.
Unloading - Intermediate Armopoyas under the slab of the overlap, which not only takes over their weight, but also provides the stiffness of the building above one floor at each level. During construction from light concrete blocks without it can not do, and here best way It is brick.
Support for Mauerlat is a mandatory element of a house of aerated concrete or other porous blocks that poorly perceive point and multidirectional loads. In addition, the fastening of the timber itself using studs in such walls is unreliable even when using himancing. Here, the reinforced belt for walls from aerated concrete turns into a certain bundle between the blocks with which it is connected by a solution, and the roof farm reinforced through the Mauerlant timber.

Features of laying on aerated concrete

As a rule, the brick belt is made in 4-7 rows height and in the width of the wall strengthened. Reinforcement is necessarily performed in each horizontal seam using steel grid With a cell 3-4 cm or a rigid wire with a thickness of at least 5 mm. Installation is carried out in the same way as in the case of conventional brick walls:

with displacement of seams in 1/3 length;
with a toned dressing in each third row.

If armopoyas for ai-concrete aerated concrete serves as a support for Mauerlalate, you can immediately climb vertical pins in the masonry - metal threaded studs with a diameter of 12-16 mm. They are installed in 1-1.5 m increments, and the depth of their seal will depend on the thickness of the bar - it should be twice as long as the free end under the mount of Mauerlat. However, many builders advise immediately laughing the trimming for the entire height of Armopoyas.

After setting the solution on the surface of the masonry, rubberoids or two layers of volo spread. It is a waterproofing that protects the timber itself and the superstructure of the brick from the accumulation of condensing moisture. It is planned further and drills at the desired points of Maurylalat, it is driven out on the releases of studs and is fixed on the reinforcement belt with nuts under wide washers.

As ceramics have a greater thermal conductivity than the main wall material, it turns into a kind of cold bridge (although monolithic reinforced concrete in this case manifests itself even worse). In order for the future operation of the building during the winter period, it is possible to try to "close" the circuit of cellular blocks in parallel with the styling of the brick. To do this, from the side of the premises, they remove a subtle partition from GB, as if hiding the Armopoyas inside the aerated concrete wall. If a gap was formed between the surfaces, experts recommend it to be additionally insulating.

Stages of the construction of the belt under the overlap

If the rigid contour under the roof plays the role of unloading and reliable support for the Mauerlat vehicle, it is enough to lay out around the perimeter of the house. However, the use of plates for inter-storey or attic floors will make it close to the brick rows and the middle carrier wall. Here, aerated concrete can also experience loads, so that the rigid layer is simply necessary for its reinforcement.

Whatever the lighters of the plates of overlappings, it is impossible to describe them directly on cellular or clamzite-concrete blocks. The masonry will be able to withstand their weight, but when the direction of the applied strength changes, it will begin to collapse. The belt in this case serves as a kind of buffer, which distributes the plate pressure to the entire wall area, preventing carrier design. It is possible to abandon the powerful layer of full-scale brick, only when the overlap is performed from the tree - here it is bypass under the beam in one or two blocks.

IN otherwise Armopois under the hollow plates is based on all the rules. The main stages of work:

The first row with a solution is planted directly on aerated concrete. If the thickness of the main wall is standard (30 cm), the laying is made in two bricks, filling the intervals "checkers".
Installation of reinforcing grid over the entire belt line.
Laying the second row by the same scheme followed by amplification.
The third row of bricks - twitch. Here you need to focus on the inner wall plane. Outside the outside, the gap is filled with either fourths or mini slices, if a warmed ventilated facade is being built at the same time.

Under the top near the aerated concrete, which is located a belt under the slab overlapping, fittings must be laid in the strokes. This will add the entire stiffness design and will provide the walls to additional protection against cracks. Otherwise, once appeared, they will crawl below.

According to the above scheme, Armopoyas is laid out for the entire necessary height, after which it is possible to easily mount the slabs of the overlap. Anchoring is performed by a standard way for brick walls - with the help of M-shaped metal brackets. The fastening elements for corrosion protection are closed with a layer of cement mortar.

stroitel-list.ru.

Monolithic belt is reinforced reinforced concrete beamwhich is mainly done under the overlap in the walls of the masonry.

At first glance, the appointment of such a belt is incomprehensible: it can be possible to open the overlap immediately on the masonry and no belts do not arrange. As they say, "cheap and angry". The cause of the causes for the monolithic belt device.

1. If the wall laying material is poorly loaded from the overlap. In a brick wall of full-scale brick, for example, a monolithic belt is not needed, but in the wall of the slag block when painting the overlap of a large span, such a belt is necessary.

In the place of supporting the slab focuses a significant load (from overlapping, floors, people and furniture), and the whole it has to be uniformly on the wall, but increases towards the support of the plates. Some masonry materials (sllacobal, foam and aerated concrete, sewer, etc.) do not work well on the impact of such a concentrated load, and can simply begin to collapse. This type of destruction is called crushing. You can perform a special calculation of the masonry to determine whether the distribution monolithic belt is needed. But in some cases (when using slag block, foam concrete), the monolithic belt must be made from the design considerations due to the construction experience from these materials.

2. If the building is built on weak soils (for example, on subsidence). Such soils have a property after a while, when soaking or other adverse factors, significantly deform - shrink under the weight of the building. In this case, part of the house can be assessed, as a result, cracks are formed in the walls, foundation. One of the activities that protect against the adverse effects of drawdown is a device of a continuous monolithic belt under overlaps. It serves as a screed house and with minor sediments can prevent the formation of cracks. If you are going to build a house, first of all, inspect the houses in neighboring sites (desirable those that were built for a long time). If there are sloping cracks in the walls, running from the ground, from the roof down or from the wind corners up, then this is the first sign that the monolithic belt in your home will not be superfluous.

3. If the house is built in the seismic area (in Ukraine it is Crimea), the device of monolithic belts is required.

4. B. multi-storey houses Also, the standards require a monolithic belt device.

How to perform a monolithic belt - see the topic « Precast overlap or monolith " .

Afterword

Dear friend, you just got acquainted with my article.

I hope my article was useful for you, and you found all the answers you need.

The article cycle will continue to a logical completion, describing the stages of construction from the planning of the site until the house is commissioned.

If after all the article did not answer some kind of question or you found some kind of fuzziness, or some topic is not disclosed enough, ask me your question in the messages below.

The reinforcing belt is a mandatory rigidity contour needed to ensure that the construction is really durable and durable. It does not allow you to "accumulate" the loads in one or another part of the supporting structures, and evenly distributes them. Thanks to him, shrinkage of a new home, soil meat and other external factors pass for the walls without consequences - that is, without cracks.

Armopoyas brick is a small solid masonry, reinforced by longitudinal metal rods or a grid. Of course, this is not a full monolith, but in many cases such a simple solution is quite enough. The ability of Armopoyas to equalize the load is very by the way, if the main material of the walls is not resistant to deformations. Products like aerated concrete even with good compressive strength practically do not work on bending. The uneven force application will inevitably lead to the cracking "by living".

The reinforcing belt solves this problem, taking the main burden on itself, and not allowing light Walls shift relative to each other when exposed to multidirectional or unequal efforts. It is also allowed to use bricks instead of more expensive concrete monolith for reinforcement of small hozpostroops and small-floor houses. It will successfully resist adverse external conditions (strong wind loads, sending or uneven soil beagression), but at the same time it is much easier to make it with his own hands - without a rush and the need to recycle a decent solution of the solution.

Another of the functions that the reinforced belt can perform is the fastening of other elements of the construction to the box on the anchor, if the wall material itself is not able to hold them. This is a general drawback of all cellular concrete and clay blocks. Traditional methods They do not even seize the Mauerlat Bar without further destruction of the walls. So make a separation brickwork in any case will have to do.

It shows itself a double reinforcing belt, stacked under the sole and on the upper section of a bar foundation. Seasonal soil movements in this case will not be able to "play" supports, because they actually turn into a single farm, rigidly fixed with two ligaments.

Main types of discharge belts

Depending on the arrangement of Armopoyas, it can wear different names and assume certain functions:

Scarlet - stacked between the columnar or pile base of the house and walls. However, it is not built from the brick - too responsible plot.
The base is the second level of unloading and reinforcement, which is used in the construction of houses on the foundation from concrete blocks. It provides a base of greater rigidity on moving soils and is also made of ZBB. Although a fairly widespread option is a brickwork, which performs the functions of a non-removable formwork under the subsequent fill.
Unloading - Intermediate Armopoyas under the slab of the overlap, which not only takes over their weight, but also provides the stiffness of the building above one floor at each level. When construction from light concrete blocks, it is not necessary to do without it, and here it is brick that is the best way.
Support for Mauerlat is a mandatory element of a house of aerated concrete or other porous blocks that poorly perceive point and multidirectional loads. In addition, the fastening of the timber itself using studs in such walls is unreliable even when using himancing. Here, the reinforced belt for walls from aerated concrete turns into a certain bundle between the blocks with which it is connected by a solution, and the roof farm reinforced through the Mauerlant timber.

Features of laying on aerated concrete

As a rule, the brick belt is made in 4-7 rows height and in the width of the wall strengthened. Reinforcement is necessarily performed in each horizontal seam using a steel mesh with a cell 3-4 cm or a rigid wire with a thickness of at least 5 mm. Installation is carried out in the same way as in the case of conventional brick walls:

with displacement of seams in 1/3 length;
with a toned dressing in each third row.

Stages of the construction of the belt under the overlap

Whatever the lighters of the plates of overlappings, it is impossible to describe them directly on cellular or clamzite-concrete blocks. The masonry will be able to withstand their weight, but when the direction of the applied strength changes, it will begin to collapse. The belt in this case serves as a peculiar buffer, which distributes the pressure of the plate to the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe walls, preventing the supporting structures. It is possible to abandon the powerful layer of full-scale brick, only when the overlap is performed from the tree - here it is bypass under the beam in one or two blocks.

Otherwise, Armopoyas under the hollow plates is based on all the rules. The main stages of work:

The first row with a solution is planted directly on aerated concrete. If the thickness of the main wall is standard (30 cm), the laying is made in two bricks, filling the intervals "checkers".
Installation of reinforcing grid over the entire belt line.
Laying the second row by the same scheme followed by amplification.
The third row of bricks - twitch. Here you need to focus on the inner wall plane. Outside the outside, the gap is filled with either fourths or mini slices, if a warmed ventilated facade is being built at the same time.

Under the top near the aerated concrete, which is located a belt under the slab overlapping, fittings must be laid in the strokes. This will add the entire stiffness design and will provide the walls to additional protection against cracks. Otherwise, once appeared, they will crawl below.

Given the fact that the price of the services of hired specialists is often equal to the cost of buying building materials, in those who wish to build a house, garage or barn in their plot, arises temptation to carry out masonry work with their own hands. And how to do it, if there are no theoretical knowledge, no experience? The search for the necessary information is usually carried out on the network, at request of the type: "Snip brickwork of walls and partitions."

Note that a single, regulating the masonry work of the document with such a name does not exist. There are norms according to which the design of stone structures are carried out, which the person will be unreleased by a person. And there are technological maps (for each type of walls), which are a landmark for masonry. For the convenience of the reader, we generalize and compactize the information contained in them, and accompany it for visibility of the video in this article.

Issues of organizing and ensuring the safety of works, SNIP laying of walls of bricks pay a lot of attention, as labor productivity, and deadlines, and the final result depends on them.

Convenience in work is important

First of all, the mason must be able to conveniently move within its defense, and work without unnecessary movements. Professional brigades are usually divided into links, each of which consists of 2-3 masonry with different qualifications. Which one is already depends on the thickness of the masonry and its architectural complexity.

The delyanka is divided into three zones, which is clearly visible in the photo below:

Working - this is a strip along the segment of the wall, up to 70 cm wide, where the bricklayers work;
Storage zone Materials - Longitudinal strip width up to one and a half meters, on which the ordinary brick is placed and the solution. To perform masonry with simultaneous facing, this zone should be wider, as it is also required for the brick of the facial.
Auxiliary district - The zone for the passage, takes a little more than 0.5 m.

When the walls are provided in the wall, there are a container with a solution in front of them, and the pallet with brick is more convenient to put on the simplest line. If the walls are facilitated, the main materials alternate with reinforcement and bulk aggregate or other thermal insulation material.

Solution

All materials must be prepared in advance, and only the solution is supplied immediately before starting the masonry. On the construction of a small private house, it is much more convenient to knead it in place, using masonry mixtures of factory manufacturer, which many manufacturers call "sandbetone".

These are universal dry mixtures M150, which are suitable not only for laying bricks, but also, fill the floors. The compositions of a higher brand are used to fill the foundation, armorament, monolithic jumpers. Such a package, as in the photo below, costs about 160 rubles. Color solutions are usually used to masonry decorative bricks.

Factory dry masonry mixture

If you consider that buying ready-made mixes is expensive, nothing prevents you from putting a concrete mixer, and make a solution yourself. When brick walls are erected, it provides for the use of simple and complex masonry solutions.
As part of simple only one binder, in complex solutions of their at least two. In the first case, it is a cement or lime solution, a second option: lime-cement or clay-cement. Lime and cement play the role of modifying additive, and allow you to obtain a solution with a higher plasticity.
Cement mortar with a lime additive is most popular, as it is suitable for all types of bricks, except for raw clay stone (Samana). For him, it is just necessary for a clay-cement solution, which is suitable for the construction of any economic building.

The instructions for the proportions of the binding components and fillers in solutions are presented in the table from above. The first in the line goes cement, then the second binder, and then the sand. Water is added until the required consistency is achieved, but usually its number does not exceed 30% of total mass. Sand can be used heavy (quartz) and light (Pumice, slag).

Tools and devices

From the volume of work and the complexity of the task being performed, the set of inventory used in operation depends. On the construction of a single-storey house may not need some devices, but the main toolkit must be as you see it in the table below.

Tool	Purpose
	There are many types of Kelm, but for the work of the mason is ideal here is such a triangular option. This form allows you to select a solution in the corners, for which the tool spout is smoothly rounded. His handle has a flat, sometimes even a metal heel to comfortably pronounce a brick. The canvas Kelma must be made of of stainless steelAnd its faces are pointed, which allows you to pose a brick. On average, the length of the blade is 16 cm, and the width is 11 cm.
	This tool on the one hand has a bore, and on the other - a flat expansion, which is called blades. She is pointed, which allows us to share brick on halves, or quarters and threecirds. It is also convenient to wake, if you need to beat the old plaster.
	Along with the tape measure, a meter may be needed in the work of the mason. In some situations, it turns out to be enjoyed it is more convenient, since for measuring the distance greater than the length of the elongated hand, the second person is not required.
	Using the hydroeer, the exact floors of the floor and the ceiling are determined.
	This instrument allows you to monitor the position of structures and rows of masonry horizontally. If plaster work is coming, it is better to immediately purchase a rule with an inserted level.
	Tool to control the deviations of the wall plane from the vertical.
	Control the angles of adjoining structures.
	Container with mounting hinges for supplying a solution to the floor with a tap.
	Device for work at height.
	With the help of a stretched cord, the horizontal of the series is controlled.
	These are wooden, or aluminum rails with applied every 77 mm divisions. This distance corresponds to the height of the single brick, plus the seams. The order ensures the uniformity of their thickness.

Masonry work

Working operations performed during the masonry process are unequal in complexity. Accordingly, their bricklayers of different qualifications are performed. Depending on the task, the composition of the links is determined.

Masonry with a higher discharge are engaged in installing apartments and moisters, lay out lighthouses, perform facial laying (outdoor vest).
Workers with low qualifications are engaged in brick laying, spread the mortar bed, put the plug-in rows, fill emptiness in the wellwork.
The specific number of masonry in the links, and the separation of responsibilities according to their discharge depends on the thickness of the wall and its design features.
For example: for laying walls in 2 bricks requires five bricklayers: one V or VI discharge, one IV discharge, and the remaining not lower than III discharge.

So, about independent work here can not talk. Another case is a partition - in the presence of a broken assistant, the owner may well build it himself. However, it should still have an idea of \u200b\u200bthe works performed by hired workers.

Features of lightweight walls

The main advantage of houses built from brick is their durability. Therefore, when a person wants to build what is called, on the century, he prefers exactly to this material. Especially since in a low-rise building, even the walls of the thickness of everything one full brick are able to withstand loads from reinforced concrete slabs.

Reliability of structures in this case depends only on the correctness of their installation and quality of masonry.
On the cons of brick walls, only their solid weight can be attributed, and low heat engineering indicators. However, both of these drawbacks are eliminated by the use of lightweight laying technologies.
This is the use of hollow (slotted) bricks, and a device in the walls of wells filled with liners from light concrete, liquid cellular concrete, foam or bulk insulation.
These technologies allow not only to reduce the burden on the foundation and make walls with warm, but also significantly reduce the cost of construction.

Wall in one brick with facing and mineral wool

To reduce thermal conductivity of brick walls, masonry can be performed on warm solutions, not prepared on quartz, but on pearlit or pepzed sand. At the same time, the technology of masonry with extended seams is used, which allows to reduce the thickness of the walls as a whole.

In the process of such a masonry, the thickness of the longitudinal-vertical seams is significantly increased, and due to this, the brick is not placed on the plastics, but on the edge. We only note that this version of lightweight walls is not suitable for independent work. It is performed only on the project in which it is assigned needed thickness seams.

Masonry with layers from thermal insulation materials is always carried out with a gap corresponding to the thickness of the liner. His place is between the facial vest and the shelter nearby.
In such a design, a tight insulation must be provided with a dense adjacent to the masonry, for which it is first planted for glue, and then fixed with a dowel with a disk cap.
By the way: today there are not just a dowel on sale, but basaltoplastic anchor, allowing simultaneously with the fastening of the insulation to carry out a ligament of the walls with each other.
One end of the anchor is mounted through the slab to the main masonry, and the second end, after installing the plate washer, is deployed in the seams of the outer wall.

Note! If the insulation is mineral, between it and cladding involve a gap of 3-4 mm, and in the lower row of the wall itself, the vertical seams are replenished. It provides condensate outflow, and will protect the Minvatu from rotting. The polymer moisture plates are not afraid, which means they do not need ventilation.

If the filling of the wells is carried out by concrete or foam, usually in each fifth row suggests the releases of the tiley rows, which must perform the role of anchors. When using bulk materials, the walls are connected by the strips of a fine steel mesh, which not only provides hard fixation of the walls, but also does not allow the insulation to settle and knock on the bottom, leaving the emptiness from above.

Constructive nuances of masonry

For the construction of outdoor walls of low-rise houses, almost all types of bricks are suitable, which are offered today by manufacturers. In addition to clay bricks: both full and slotted, these are still hyper-suspended and silicate stones.

The restrictions on the last two options concern only the foundation and socket part of the buildings, as well as the premises operated in the conditions of high humidity.

According to SNiP: the brickwork of the walls of the outer, their thickness cannot be less than 250 mm - that is, the length of one brick. Minimum pillars cross section (columns) - 380 * 380 mm.
As for the partitions (see), then when laying bricks, the plafhmy, they will have a thickness of 120 mm. If the length of such a partition does not exceed 3m, then the laying may not be reinforced.
But there is a technology of brick partitions with a thickness of 65 mm, at which the brick is laid on the edge. In this case, reinforcement of the steel wire of each third row of masonry is required.
The masonry of the outdoor versa must be made from the highest quality bricks, leaving those of them that have cracks and chips of the fauna, to the slaughter. If the walls are not supposed to be plastering, then it is better not to sort the ordinary brick, but immediately buy facing.

Lighthouses

The thickness of ordinary (non-broaden) seams can be 8-15 mm. As a rule, the thickness of more than 10 mm is done in the case when the valve is laid in the seam or the ends of the anchors are deposited.

The masonry lead along the well-aligned surface of the foundation, and begin with the corners. On them, as well as in the zones of opening, pre-tapering upwards are preliminarily executed, light-up stages up to 6 or 8 rows.

Note! Without lighthouses, you can still do when the building is small, and a big brigade works on the construction of his walls. Otherwise, bricklayers have to take breaks, and the stages make it possible to firmly combine fresh masonry with masonry made earlier.

When the beacons were erected, the cord is tensioning between them from the outside. Then begin the laying of the outdoor verst, which is leading to the upper bricks of stages. With the thickness of the wall in one brick, the inner versta is performed, which, like the outer, will be spoon.

Through 6 rows, two spoonful versts tied up with a tychkov nearby. This principle is carried out by a multi-row scheme. But there may be other options - for example: when the wall laying of the walls is performed.

Jumper

An important value is a jumper device over the windows and doors. In houses with beam overlaps that do not have such essential weights like concrete slabs, they can sweep up bricks. In cases where concrete floors are based on the walls, the jumpers are either prefabricated concrete, or poured monolithic armopoyas over the discovery (see).

Since structurally all jumpers are different, then they are based on the laying unenochnakovo. And in private, and in large-scale construction, in the large level of prefabricated concrete jumpers.
Piece-type jumpers, i.e. having a width of more than height, and overlapping all the opening of the wall thickness at once, the support stains of the minimum depth are required - 5-12 cm are sufficient.
For bars jumpers, which, having a height of more than width, not so stable, is already required for 25 cm for every end. At the same distance are overcome to the masonry and jumper from the steel channel or corner.

However, where the masonry does not carry any loads, besides its weight - for example: in brick facing, or fillings of frame-brick houses, put concrete jumpers makes no sense. It is much more convenient, and cheaper, it can use metal for this purpose. Its dignity is low weight, and the ability to cut off any length.

Brick jumpers are arranged only on the widths of less than two meters wide. Although today there is a technology with hinged consoles that reinforce the laying over the outlook, and allow you to perform jumpers from bricks over the processes of any width.

If the jumpers have to play the role of architectural facade decoration, then they must be performed only from bricks. In any case, the triangular and arched shapes are blocked differently and will not work.

To cope with this task no "SNIP Wall Bricks will not help. An excellent benefit will serve as a technological map (TC) No. 95-04 on the laying of arch signs and the arches of the brick. But still the best assistant is a video, and looking at several professional rollers, it is quite possible to master the independent execution of this element of the masonry.

The fundamental document with most construction works is to SNiP on the brickwork of the walls. This set of standards and rules includes the most full list Requirements both to materials and tools used in the construction of walls and to the peculiarities of the implementation of individual operations.

Key sections of SNIPs are based on existing regulatory documents, and therefore they must be complained of mandatory.

Normative base

Strictly speaking, a single SNiP "Brick Laying of Walls" is missing, since stone works require compliance huge number Norms and rules relating to different aspects of the construction industry.

That is why discussing building regulations relating to the construction of outdoor and internal self-supporting walls, interior partitions and cladding, specialists turn to a whole complex of documents:

Organization of construction. Organization of production in construction and architecture - SNiP 12 - 01 - 2004.
Constructions carrying and enclosing capital - SNiP 3.03.01 - 1987.
Safety and labor protection in construction and production - Snip 12 - 04 - 2992 (section ІХ), as well as SNiP 12 - 03 - 2001 (Part 1).

These standards contain information regulating the entire process of manufacturing work on the construction of walls and other architectural elements from brick or building stone. GOST on brickwork is mandatory for everyone without elimination of constant buildings, therefore, it is necessary to study the requirements even if you plan to fold a small Saraike in my area.

Preparatory stage

Preliminary work

The completion of building blocking blocks in accordance with construction standards can only be carried out on specially trained platforms. The masonry begins either after the construction of the foundation (one-story building or building of the first floor), or after completion capital work On previous floors.

In the preparation process:

All work on the construction of the foundation or basement is completed, intergenerational floors are installed, stairs and blocks of elevator mines are mounted.
The geodetic survey and markup of the site is carried out.
It is monitored by the conformity of the elements of the plan or the results of topographic survey.
Delivery of construction material and mortar is organized directly to the place of work.

Note!
The material can be either stored directly on the floor within walking distance from working areas, or arrange brick delivery in pallets using a crane for each site separately.

Plots are provided to all necessary for working with due labor productivity. The list of material support includes scaffolding of the height of the site, tools, inventory and personal protective equipment.
Under SNiP, the laying of walls from the brick should be carried out by specialists who have a certain qualifications and the applicable instructions. Instructing includes familiarization with the general work plan, control of the assimilation of information on the technique of working operations, as well as - familiarization and verification of knowledge on safety and labor protection.

Inventory Mason

SNiP for brickwork provides for providing each working brigade by the devices and adaptations necessary to perform work at the proper technical level.

The list of tools includes:

Mortar shovels.
Kelma (trustees) for set and distributing solution on the masonry.
The rule from duralumin to speeding the solution and control plane of the masonry.
Hammers-kirk for the splitting of the building block.
Show decoration.
Moppet for cleaning the cavities from the solution.

Note!
When working with a hammer-kirk should be replaced with a disk saw or an angular grinding machine with a web, corresponding to the material of the facing.

Stainless steel brackets and beacons.
Steering cords. You can use the cord on the coil, but more rational is the use of models in the housings with the handle for the ware.

The entire tool must comply with the requirements of GOST. Using a faulty tool or infridable materials is not allowed.

Requirements for materials

An important step in preparation is to ensure construction brigades with materials corresponding to the technical conditions and gestures for this type of work. For this purpose, the facility organizes acceptance and quality control of the incoming building material.

The main materials used to build walls and partitions are brick and building stone. As a rule, materials are supplied by parties on special pallets.

When the pallet arrives, its packaging is opened and monitored:

Documentary - checking the compliance of the accompanying information about the data specified in the inbound documents.
Instrumental - Check the dimension of the construction blocks.
Visual - Control of compliance of the actual material of the information specified in the invoices, as well as an assessment of the quality of the brick and the identification of the most pronounced flaws.

Note!
Use for the construction of self-supporting structures and partitions brick and building stone for which the accompanying documents were not provided, it is strictly prohibited.

As for visual inspection, in its course the receiving specialist assesses the presence of the following defects:

Slops on the edges and edges of building blocks.
Damage to the facial planes (spoonful and tile faces) facing bricks.
Changes in the form of a block, the presence of depressions, cracks and bloats.
Development of ceramic material, which may indicate the so-called "non-resident" - not enough high-quality temperature processing.

Salt spots on brick surfaces.

Separately, the amount of so-called half-one is defined - broken bricks or blocks that have cracks of more than 30% of the total stone length. The amount of half a batch depends on the quality of the material, but the requirements for brickwork on the SNIP limit its share of 5% of total blocks.

The quality of the solution is made separately:

Mobility - 7 cm or more.
The solution march must match the project.
When working in the winter period, a plasticizer (armed liquid) for more active air ducts is found in the composition of the solution. The fraction of the liquor should be not more than 858 g per 1 kilogram of dry cement.
Also, when performing masonry at air temperature below -15 0, the blade of the solution rises by one brand to ensure the desired quality of the connection.

Requirements for designs

Construction of the main elements

According to SNiP 3.03.01 - 1987, the instruction on the construction of the main self-supporting walls (both internal and outer) contains the following recommendations:

The solution for laying bricks and the construction stone is selected depending on the type of material and the operational conditions of the structure. The solution of the solution is carried out either in automatic mode, or in the Mults using an autocran.
The base elements of the building are elevated from concrete slabs or using. The use of silicate blocks, as well as hollow stones leads to a decrease in the mechanical strength of the building and therefore is not allowed.

According to the requirements of GOST, brickwork should not contain holes, niches and cavities not provided for by the project and reduce the mechanical strength of the wall.
The stone masonry is performed manually, the elements are located according to the dressing type approved in the project. In addition to the solution, reinforcing parts (rods, grid), as well as metal mortgages can be used to connect separate blocks.

Note!
When forming a forced rupture, the laying is located in the form of a direct or inclined strain.
Appearance and design Stranges are shown in the diagrams in this article.

The seams between the bricks of the correct shape must have a constant thickness: vertical - 10 mm, horizontal 12 mm. The thickness of the horizontal seam increases in the event that the reinforcing material is laid in the seam.

SNIP on masonry configuration

In addition to general requirements, the standards also contain information on the procedure for the formation of the masonry itself:

Tychkovy rows (i.e., the rows, in which the brick bricks are turned out on the front surface of the masonry), it is mandatory stacked from entire blocks.

Regardless of the type of dressing and masonry pattern, the tile row is formed in the lower and upper part of the structure, at the level of the eaves, windowsill, edges, etc.
Also mandatory is the laying of a taching series under the support of rafters, beams, roofing Mauerlatov, etc.

Note!
The support of the specified elements on the spoonful rows is allowed only if one-row chain gleaming with alternating spoonful and tonch faces is used during the construction and masonry.

From the whole brick, pillars and simpleness are mandatory, the width of which does not exceed two and a half block.
Polovnyak is used to masonry the walls of low-loaded structures, as well as for a staming masonry. But in this case, the proportion of half the hanging should not exceed 10% of the total volume of the material used.
Reinforcement of jumpers over window and doorways, as well as over other technological holes, is performed using formwork. The jumpers are stacked into the solution under the lower row of brick masonry and closed in a seasplex to a depth of 250 mm and more.
The formwork exposure time to install the jumper depends on the air temperature and ranges from 5 days (+20 0 s and above) to 24 days (+5 0 s and below).
When laying the eaves of Svet, each row should not exceed 1/3 of the length building bloc. The total removal of the carnis, not reinforced with additional metal elements, should not be more than half of the thickness of the outer wall.

Tip!
Laying the cornice is necessarily accompanied by the installation of temporary reference structures.
They must be strong enough to support cornice blocks until the solution is completely frozen and prevent its deformation.

Strengthening masonry with metal reinforcement

Reinforcement of masonry with metal rods or a grid is used in the construction of a small thickness partition, or when laying walls from an energy efficient hollow brick. The use of steel mortgages increases the operational characteristics of the structure, but also the total price of the object increases, and significantly.

Requirements put forward to the reinforced masonry, such:

The seam thickness is calculated in the following way: to the sum of the diameters of intersecting fittings, it is necessary to add a minimum of 4 mm. Thus, when reinforcing a rod from a rod 5 mm, the minimum seam thickness should be 5 + 5 + 4 \u003d 14 mm.

Note!
Maximum allowable seam thickness -16 mm.

Reinforcement of the longitudinal seam provides for the connection of reinforcing rods using welding.
If a metal mesh is used, or the rods are connected by a mechanical manner, then the overheat must be at least 20 diameters of the metal element.

Quality and safety of work

Quality control

The final stage of any work is to control the quality of the built-up masonry.

This procedure includes:

Acceptance of work that preceded masonry (preparation of the foundation, installation of partitions, foundations, etc.).
Visual and instrumental assessment of materials used for work, as well as periodic inspection of tools and working devices.
Operational control, which consists in monitoring the completion of the masonry and detecting inconsistencies with the procedure for work approved in technological map..

The basis for acceptance control is legislatively approved brickwork tolerance to SNiP, which suggest such deviations:

No more than 15 mm - the thickness of the wall is the thickness.
Not more than 15 mm - in the width of simpleness.
20 mm - permissible displacement of the axes of adjacent window openings.
10 mm - permissible deviation of metal or reinforced concrete mortgage structures.
Vertical deviation - 10 mm or less within one floor.
The deviation along the plane is not more than 10 mm (5 mm - for the plastered walls) when the two-meter test rail is over.

Only after checking these parameters, the operation is accepted, which is done by the corresponding entry in the acceptance act.

Labor protection and safety

By organizing construction work, it is necessary to adhere to the requirements for the safe organization of the masonry process:

Use only special scaffolds.

Delivery of material should be carried out by specialists who have been trained and having the qualifications of soloers. Coordination of the operation of the soloer and the crane driver is carried out using a radiotelephone connection.
All openings intended for the installation of translucent structures, until the glazing should be blocked with wooden shields.
Locular scaffolding must be made either from a metal profile or from a wooden bar. Use the boxes, pallets, furniture or other technicians as lobes, is strictly prohibited.

Each worker should be provided with overalls and shoes, as well as personal protective equipment. The mandatory list of funds includes a helmet and a mounting belt. The use of protective glasses and respirator is necessary when performing certain types of work.
High-rise works are carried out only if there is a properly apparent and fixed assembly belt.

The construction trash formed on the site is regularly removed into containers for subsequent disposal.

Output

Compliance with the construction standards and rules in the construction of walls of brick or stone is a prerequisite for achieving an acceptable result. Only made according to the requirements of SNIP, the brick masonry of the outer walls and the internal partitions will be sufficiently strong and reliable. Also, do not forget about another aspect, because adhering to the work of working operations established in the standards of working operations, Mastera-Bricklayers increase their own security. In the video presented in this article, you will find additional information on this topic.

General provisions

7.1. The requirements of this section apply to the production and acceptance of work on the construction of stone structures from ceramic and silicate bricks, ceramic, concrete, silicate and natural stones and blocks.7.2. Work on the construction of stone structures should be performed in accordance with the project. The selection of the composition of the masonry solution, taking into account the conditions of operation of buildings and structures, should be carried out, guided by the reference application 15.7.3. Building brick bases of buildings must be made from full-scale ceramic brick. Application for these purposes of silicate brick is not allowed. 7.4. It is not allowed to weaken the stone structures with holes, furrows, niches, mounting openingsnot provided for by the project.7.5. Stone masonry filling the frames should be performed in accordance with the requirements for the construction of bearing stone structures. 7.6. The thickness of the horizontal seams of masonry from brick and stones of the correct form should be 12 mm, vertical seams - 10 mm.7.7. With forced ruptures, the masonry must be performed in the form of inclined or vertical steres. 7.8. When performing a masonry bursting with a vertical finish in the layer seams, the mesh (reinforcement) from the longitudinal rods with a diameter of no more than 6 mm, from transverse rods - not more than 3 mm with a distance of up to 1.5 m in laying height, as well as in each overlap level Empathy for longitudinal reinforcement rods is taken at the rate of one rod for every 12 cm wall thickness, but at least two with a wall thickness of 12 cm. 7.9. The difference in the heights of the elevated masonry on adjacent invasions and when laying the adjoins of the outer and inner walls should not exceed the height of the floor, the height difference between the adjacent areas of the foundations is not exceeded 1.2 m. 7.10. Installation of fasteners in places of adjoining reinforced concrete structures to the masonry should be performed in accordance with the project. Using the stone designs of the subsequent floor is allowed only after laying the bearing structures of the elevated floors, the walls of the walls and the insoluction of the seams between the slabs of the floors.7.11. Limit elevation height of free standing stone walls (without laying overlaps or coatings) should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 28. If necessary, temporary fastenings should be applied to the erection of free walls of greater height.

Table 28.

Wall thickness, see	Volumetric mass (density) of masonry, kg / m 3	Permissible height of walls, m, with high-speed wind pressure, N / m 2 (wind speeds, m / s)
Wall thickness, see	Volumetric mass (density) of masonry, kg / m 3

	From 1000 to 1300
	From 1300 to 1600

	From 1000 to 1300
	From 1300 to 1600

	From 1000 to 1300
	From 1300 to 1600

	From 1000 to 1300
	From 1300 to 1600

Note. With high-speed winds of the wind, having intermediate values, allowable heights of free standing walls are determined by interpolation. 7.12. When erecting the wall (partition) associated with transverse walls (partitions) or with other rigid structures at a distance between these structures, not exceeding 3.5 N. (Where N. - The height of the wall indicated in Table. 28), allowed by the height of the wall erected can be increased by 15%, at a distance of no more than 2.5 N. - by 25% and not more than 1.5 N. - by 40% .7.13. The height of the stone unarmed partitions, not liberated by overlaps or temporary mounts, should not exceed 1.5 m for partitions with a thickness of 9 cm, made of stones and bricks on a rib with a thickness of 88 mm, and 1.8 m - for partitions with a thickness of 12 cm, made from Brick.7.14. When bonding partitions with transverse walls or partitions, as well as with other rigid structures, their heights are accepted in accordance with the indications of Section 7.12.7.15. Vertical of the faces and corners of brick and stones, the horizontal of its rows must be checked along the completion of the masonry (after 0.5-0.6 m) with the elimination of detected deviations within Yarusa.7.16. After completing the masonry of each floor, it is necessary to test the horizontal and vertex of masonry, regardless of the intermediate checks of the horizontal range of its rows.

Masonry from ceramic and silicate bricks, from ceramic, concrete, silicate and natural stones of the right form

7.17. Tychkovy rows in the masonry must be placed from whole bricks and stones of all kinds. Regardless of the accepted seam dressing system, the lading of tychkins is mandatory in the lower (first) and upper (last) rows of erected structures, at the level of wall cuts and pillars, in the protruding rows of masonry (cornices, belts, etc.). When multiple dressing Swiss styling of tychkovy rows under the supporting parts of the beams, runs, plates of floors, balconies, under Mauerlala and other prefabricated designs is mandatory. With a single-row (chain) dressing of seams, it is allowed to be based on the prefabricated structures on the spoonful rows of masonry.7.18. Brick pillars, pilasters and seasplex in two and a half brick widths and less, ordinary brick jumpers and eaves should be erected from selected whole bricks. 7.19. The use of a half brick is allowed only in the masonry of the incortular rows and little loaded stone structures (parts of walls under windows, etc.) in the amount of not more than 10% .7.20. Horizontal and transverse vertical seams of brick masonry walls, as well as seams (horizontal, transverse and longitudinal vertical) in jumpers, simpleness and pillars should be filled with a solution, with the exception of masonry in Pustosovka.7.21. When laying inlet, the depth of the seams not filled with a solution with the front side should not exceed 15 mm in the walls and 10 mm (only vertical seams) in colums. 7.22. Plots of walls between ordinary brick brick jumpers with weary of less than 1 m wide must be laid on the same solution as jumpers. 7.23. Steel fittings of ordinary brick jumpers should be laid along the formwork in the layer of the solution under the lower row of bricks. The number of rods is set by the project, but must be at least three. Smooth rods for reinforcement of jumpers should have a diameter of at least 6 mm, end with hooks and closed in a seal of at least 25 cm. The rods of the periodic profile with hooks are not rejected. 7.24. When withsting brick jumpers in the formwork, it is necessary to observe the timelines specified in Table. 29.

Table 29.

Designs of jumpers	Outdoor air temperature, ° C, in the period of retention of jumpers	Mark solution	Duration of holding jumpers on formwork, day, not less
Private and armokirpical		M25 and above




Arched and clinty

7.25. Clinic jumpers from ordinary bricks should be spread with wedge-shaped seams with a thickness of at least 5 mm below and no more than 25 mm at the top. The masonry must be performed simultaneously on both sides in the direction from the pyat to mid. 7.26. Karnis laying should be performed in accordance with the project. At the same time, the sinks of each row of brick masonry in the eaves should not exceed 1/3 of the length of the brick, and the total removal of the brick unarmed carnis should be not more than half of the wall thickness. Looking for ankurbable cornizes is allowed to be performed after reaching the wall of the design strength in which anchors close up The eaves to the wall of the walls after the end of the wall laying, their stability is necessary to provide temporary fasteners. All Mortgage reinforced concrete prefabricated elements (eaves, belts, balconies, etc.) must be provided by temporary fasteners to pinch them by the overlying masonry. The time of removal of temporary fasteners must be indicated in the working drawings. 7.27. When the walls of ceramic stones are erected in the driving rows of eaves, belts, parapets, firewalls, where bricks are required, a full-time or special (profile) facial brick is dried by frost resistance of at least MPZ25 with protection against moisturizing. 7.28. The ventilation channels in the walls should be made from ceramic full-scale brick of the brand not lower than 75 or silicate brand 100 to the level of the attic overlap, and above - from the full-scale ceramic brick brand 100.7.29. In reinforced masonry, the following requirements must be observed: the thickness of the seams in the reinforced masonry should exceed the amount of the diameters of intersecting reinforcement at least 4 mm with a thickness of the seam of no more than 16 mm; with a transverse reinforcement of pillars and sophistication of the grid should be made and laid so that it is not less two reinforcement rods (of which a mesh is made) speaking by 2-3 mm on the inner surface of the simpleness or two sides of the pillar; with longitudinal masonry, steel rods of reinforcement along the length should be connected to a welding; when the armature joints are appliance without welding the ends of smooth rods Must end with hooks and bind to wire with overlap rods by 20 diameters. 7.30. The construction of wall lightweight brickwork needs to be performed in accordance with the working drawings and the following requirements: all seams of the external and inner layer of lightweight masonry walls should be thoroughly fill in with a solution with extender of the facade seams and the grouting of the inner seams with a mandatory fulfillment of the wet plaster surface of the walls of the room; slab The insulation should be laid with a tight adjustment to the masonry; Metal bonds installed in the masonry must be protected from corrosion; flowing insulation or light filling concrete should be stacked with sealing of each layer as the masonry is erected. In masonry with vertical transverse brick diaphragms of emptiness, fill in with a filling or light concrete layers to a height of not more than 1.2 m per shift; the sub-sections of the outer walls must be protected from moisturizing by the device of the projects by the project; in the process of production during the period of atmospheric precipitation and During the break in the work, measures should be taken to protect the insulation from the wet. 7.31. The criterion of the brick base and other protruding parts of the masonry after their construction should be protected from atmospheric moisture, following the instructions in the project, in the absence of instructions in the project - the cement-sandy brand of the brand is not lower than M100 and MPZ50.

Facing of the walls in the process of laying

7.32. For facing work, cement-sand solutions should be applied on Portland cement and Pozzolan cements. The content of alkalis in cement should not exceed 0.6%. The mobility of the solution, determined by the immersion of the standard cone, should be no more than 7 cm, and to fill the vertical gap between the wall and tiles, in the case of fastening the tiles on steel links, no more than 8 cm. 7.33. When cladding brick walls, large concrete slabs performed simultaneously with the masonry, it is necessary to comply with the following requirements: cladding should be started with laying in the level interlated overlap A supporting M-shaped row of facing plates close in the masonry, then set ordinary flat plates with their fastening to the wall; with the thickness of the facing slabs, more than 40 mm, the facing row should be set earlier than the masonry is performed, to the height of the lining of the cladding; with a plate thickness less than 40 mm It is necessary to first perform a masonry to the height of a row of the plate, then install a facing plate; Installing thin slabs before the construction of the wall masonry is allowed only in the case of installing fasteners holding the plates; it is not allowed to install facing plates of any thickness above the wall masonry more than two rows of plates. 7.34 . Facing plates must be installed with dissolved seams along the contour of the plates or close to each other. In the latter case, the strokes of the plates should be stolen. 7.35. The construction of walls with simultaneous cladding, rigidly bound with a wall (facial brick and stone, slabs from silicate and heavy concrete), under negative temperatures, one should, as a rule, be carried out on a solution with a contamination additive of sodium nitrite. Masonry with facing facial ceramic and silicate brick and stone can be performed by freezing on the instructions of the subsection "Erection of stone structures in winter conditions". In this case, the grade of the masonry and cladding should be not lower than the M50.

FEATURES OF MANDATE ARON AND COUNTS

7.36. The laying of the arches (including arched jumpers in the walls) and the arches must be made of bricks or stones of the right shape on a cement or mixed solution. The masonry arches, arches and their belch should apply solutions on Portland cement. The use of Slagoportlandcent and Pozzolan Portland cement, as well as other types of cements, slowly hardening at low positive temperatures, is not allowed. 7.37. The masonry of the Arch and Arches should be carried out by the project containing working drawings of the formwork for masonry hounds of double curvature. 7.38. Deviations of the sizes of the formwork of the curvature curvatures from the projects should not exceed: on the lifting arrow at any point of the lifting arch 1/200, on the displacement of the formwork from the vertical plane in the middle section of the 1/200 arrow of the arrow of the arrow of the arrow, in the width of the wave of the arch - 10 mm.7.39. The masonry of the waves of fresh curvature arches must be performed according to the mobile templates installed on the formwork. The arches and arch should be made from fifth to the castle simultaneously on both sides. Masonry seams must be fully fill in solution. The upper surface of the twofold curvature curvature of 1/4 bricks in the masonry process should be shed. With a greater thickness of the architects from the brick or stones of the laying seams, it is necessary to additionally fuel with a liquid solution, with the grout of the upper surface of the archs not produced. 7.40. The masonry of curvature curvatures should be started not earlier than 7 days after the end of the device is spinning at an outdoor temperature above 10 ° C. At a temperature of air from 10 to 5 °, this term increases 1.5 times, from 5 to 1 ° C - 2 times. Layout of stagnation arches, in the heels of which precast concrete elements or steel frames are installed, allowed immediately after graduation Contacts Pyd.7.41. The edges of the adjoining of adjacent waves of fresh curvature arches are kept on formwork at least 12 hours at an outdoor temperature above 10 ° C. At lower positive temperatures, the duration of the setting of arches on the formwork increases in accordance with the indications of clause 7.40. The loading of the plated arches and arches at the air temperature above 10 ° C is allowed not earlier than 7 days after the end of the masonry. At lower positive temperatures, the holding time increases in accordance with clause 7.40. Depository in the arches should be laid symmetrically from the supports to the lock, not allowing one-sided load of the arches. The tightening of the tensions in the arches and arches should be made immediately after the end of the masonry. 7.42. The construction of the arches, arches and their fet in winter conditions It is allowed under the average daily temperature not lower than minus 15 ° C on anti-massive solutions (subsection "Erection of stone structures in winter conditions"). The waves of the arches, erected at a negative temperature, are maintained in formwork at least 3 days.

Laying of boob stone and booton

7.43. Stone structures from butt and booton are allowed to erect with the use of boob stone incorrect form, with the exception of the external parties to the masonry, for which lay stone should be applied. 7.44. Boob masonry should be performed with horizontal rows of up to 25 cm high with the front side of the masonry, cream and filling with a solution of emptiness, as well as dressing of seams. Butted masonry with a casting suture solution between stones is allowed only for structures in buildings up to 10 m buildings Unclear soils.7.45. When it is completed with the cladding of the edge brick or a stone of the right shape simultaneously with the masonry, the facing should be tied up with a tank masonry near every 4-6 spoonful rows, but not more than 0.6 m. Horizontal storage seams must coincide with dressing taches of cladding. 7.46. Breaks in masonry from butte stone are allowed after filling with a solution of the gaps between the top row stones. The resumption of work must be started with the patching of the solution on the surface of the stones of the upper row. 7.47. Constructions from booton need to be erected in compliance with the following rules: laying concrete mix It should be produced by horizontal layers with a height of no more than 0.25 m; the size of the stones heated into the concrete should not exceed 1/3 of the thickness of the construction of the structure; the insertion of the stones in the concrete should be made directly behind the laying of concrete in the process of its seal; the construction of boot concrete foundations in trenches with It is allowed to be carried out without formwork of the veil; breaks in operation are allowed only after laying a row of stones in the last (upper) layer of concrete mixture; The resumption of work after the break begins with styling of concrete mix. For construction from butt and booton, built into dry and hot weather, care should be organized as monolithic concrete structures.

Additional requirements for the production of work in seismic areas

7.48. Masonry from brick and ceramic slotted stones must be performed in compliance with the following requirements: the laying of stone structures should be made to the entire thickness of the structure in each row; wall laying must be performed using a single-row (chain) dressing; horizontal, vertical, transverse and longitudinal laying seams should be filling The solution is completely with the trimming of the solution on the outer sides of the masonry; temporary (assembly) breaks in the elevated masonry should be edged only with a slanting stroke and places outside of the structural reinforcement of walls. 7.49. It is not allowed to use bricks and ceramic stones with a large content of salts protruding on their surfaces. The surface of the brick, stone and blocks before laying must be purified from dust and dirt: for masonry on ordinary solutions in areas with a hot climate - water jet; for masonry on polymer-cement solutions - with brushes or compressed air. 7.50. With negative outdoor temperatures, the installation of large blocks should be made on solums with antiorrosal additives. At the same time, it is necessary to comply with the following requirements: before the start of the masonry work, the optimal relationship between the preliminary moistening of the wall material and the water content of the mortar mixture should be determined; conventional solutions must be used with high water-holding capacity (water supply no more than 2%). 7.51. Portland cement should be used to prepare solutions. The use of slag-farm cement and pozzolant portland cement and pozzolanted solutions is not allowed. For the preparation of solutions, sand should be used that satisfies the requirements of GOST 8736-85. Other types of small aggregates can be used after conducting studies of the strength and deformation properties of solutions based on them, as well as clutch strength with masonry materials. In polymer cement solutions, sands with an elevated content of fine-grained clay and dusty particles should not be applied. 7.52. When performing masonry on polymer cement solutions, brick before laying, as well as the masonry during the durability period, it is not necessary to moisten. 7.53. Control of the strength of the normal clutch of the solution with manual masonry should be made at the age of 7 days. The magnitude of the clutch should be approximately 50% of the 2-day strength. If the clutch strength is inconsistent in the stone laying design magnitude, it is necessary to stop the production of work to resolve the issue of the project organization. 7.54. When building buildings is not allowed to contaminate with a solution and a construction garbage of niches and breaks in the walls, the gaps between the slabs of overlaps and other places intended for reinforced concrete inclusions, belts and strapping, and the fittings located in them. 7.55. It is forbidden to reduce the width of the anti-sessimic seams, which specified in the project. Antisheismic seams need to be released from formwork and construction debris. It is forbidden to close the anti-dish seams with brick, mortar, sawn timber, etc. If necessary, anti-semicircuit seams can be closed by aprons or stuck with flexible materials. 7.56. When installing jumped and strapping blocks, it is possible to provide the possibility of free skipping vertical valves through the holes provided by the project in jumper blocks.

Construction of stone structures in winter conditions

7.57. The masonry of stone structures in winter conditions should be performed on cement, cement-limestone and cement-clay solutions. The maintenance solution of the specified brand (ordinary and with antiorrosal additives) for winter work, the mobility of the solution and the conservation of mobility sets the pre-construction laboratory in accordance with the requirements existing regulatory documents and adjusts the materials used. For winter masonry, it should be used with mobility solutions: 9-13 cm - for masonry from ordinary brick and 7-8 cm - for masonry from bricks with voids and natural stone. 7.58. Stone masonry B. winter time Can be carried out using all dressing systems used in the summer. When performing masonry on solutions without contamination additives, one-row dressing should be performed. In a multi-row dressing system, vertical longitudinal seams are tied up at least by every three rows when masoning from bricks and through two rows when masonry from ceramic and silicate stone with a thickness of 138 mm. Brick and stone should be laid with full filling of vertical and horizontal seams.7.59. The construction of walls and pillars around the perimeter of the building or in the range between the sediment seams should be performed evenly, not allowing breaks at an altitude of more than 1/2 of the floor. Drinking deaf areas of walls and angles of ruptures are allowed by a height of no more than 1/2 floor and is performed fine. 7.60. It is not allowed during breaks to lay the solution to the top row of masonry. For the protection of icing and drift by snow during the break in operation, the top of the masonry should be covered. The sand-permanent sand should not contain ice and frozen comers, lime and clay dough should be inclusive temperature not lower than 10 ° C.7.61. Constructions made of bricks, stones of the right shape and large blocks in winter conditions is allowed to be exhausted in the following ways: with contamination additives on solutions not lower than the M50 brand; on ordinary without contamination additives, with subsequent timely hardening of masonry warming; method of freezing on ordinary (without contamination additives) The solutions are not lower than the brand 10, subject to the provision of sufficient carrier ability of structures during the thawing period (at zero strength of the solution).

Masonry with anti-corrosive additives

7.62. When preparing solutions with antiorrosal additives, a reference application 16 should be guided by a reference application 16. By installing the scope and consumption of additives, as well as expected strength, depending on the timing of solutions in the cold. When the use of potasch should add clay dough - no more than 40% of the mass of cement.

Laying on solutions without antiorrosal additives with subsequent hardening of designs

7.63. When building buildings on solutions without contamination additives, with subsequent hardening of structures with artificial heating, the procedure for the production of work should be provided in the work drawings.

Table 30.

Calculated air temperature, ° С		Wall thickness in bricks
Calculated air temperature, ° С
outdoor	internal	Depth of thawing at the duration of heating, day
outdoor	internal

Notes: 1. Above the line - the depth of thawing the masonry (% of the wall thickness) from dry ceramic brick, under the line - the same, of silicate or wet ceramic bricks. When determining the depth of thawing the climbing of walls heated on one side, the calculated value of the weight moisture content of the masonry was adopted: 6% - for masonry from dry ceramic brick, 10% - for masonry from silicate or ceramic wet (autumn blank) bricks .7.64. The laying method of warm-up structures must be carried out in compliance with the following requirements: The insulated part of the structure should be equipped with ventilation that provides air humidity during the warm-up period of no more than 70%; loading of the heated masonry is allowed only after the control tests and establish the required strength of the heated masonry solution; temperature inside the warmed part of the building In the cooled places, the outer walls at an altitude of 0.5 m from the floor should not be lower than 10 ° C.7.65. The depth of thawing masonry in structures when heating them with warm air on one side is accepted in Table. thirty; Duration of thawing masonry with the initial temperature minus 5 ° C with double-sided warming - on\u003e Table. 31, when heated from four sides (pillars) - in Table. 31 with a decrease in data by 1.5 times; The strength of solutions hardening at different temperatures - in Table. 32.

Laying method of freezing

7.66. The method of freezing on ordinary (without contamorous additives) solutions during the winter period is allowed, with an appropriate rationale for the calculation, build buildings with a height of no more than four floors and not above 15 m. Requirements to the masonry performed by the freezing method, also extended to constructions from brick blocks, Completed from ceramic bricks of positive temperatures frozen to a set of masonry of vacation strength blocks and incomparable to their loading. The tensile strength of masonry from such blocks in the stage of thawing is determined at the calculation of the strength of the solution of 0.5 MPa. It is allowed to perform a method for freezing bucket masonry from ribbon bhu. 7.67. When laying a solution to freezing solutions (without antiorrosal additives), it is necessary to comply with the following requirements: the temperature of the solution at the time of its laying should correspond to the temperature specified in Table. 33; Performance should be carried out simultaneously across the invasion; in order to avoid the freezing of the solution, it should be placed no more than two adjacent bricks when performing the versts and no more than 6-8 bricks when performing the stake; in the workplace of the Masonic than 30-40 minutes. The solution for a solution must be insulated or to warm up. Using the frozen or heated solution of the solution is not allowed.

Table 31.

Characteristic of masonry	Heating air temperature, ° С	Duration, day, thawing masonry with wall thickness in bricks
Characteristic of masonry	Heating air temperature, ° С
Of the red brick on the solution:




From silicate brick on the solution:

Table 32.

Age of solution, day	The strength of the solution from the brand,%, at a hardening temperature, ° C
Age of solution, day

Notes: 1. When applying solutions made on SlagoporTland cement and Pozzolant portland cement, the slowdown in the rise of their strength at the hardening temperature below 15 ° C. The value of the relative strength of these solutions is determined by multiplying the values \u200b\u200bshown in Table. 32, on the coefficients: 0.3 - at a temperature of hardening 0 ° C; 0.7 - at 5 ° C; 0.9 - at 9 ° C; 1 - at 15 ° C and above. For intermediate values \u200b\u200bof the temperature of hardening and age, the strength is determined by interpolation.

Table 33.

The average daily temperature of the outdoor air, ° С	Positive temperature of the solution, ° C, workplace for masonry
	from bricks and stones of the right form	from large blocks
	at wind speed, m / s

Until minus 10.
From minus 11 to minus 20
Below minus 20.

Note. To obtain the necessary temperature of the solution, it can be used (up to 80 ° C) water, as well as heated sand (no higher than 60 ° C) .7.68. Before the onset of thawed before the start of thawing, the masonry should be performed on all floors of the building all the work provided by the work of the work on unloading, temporary fastening or strengthening of its sequins (pillars, simplets, supports, farms and runs, etc.). From the overlaps it is necessary to remove the random, not provided by the draft load (construction trash, construction materials).

Quality control of work

7.69. Quality control of stone buildings in winter conditions should be carried out at all stages of construction. In addition to conventional records on the work of work, in addition to ordinary records on the composition of the work performed, it should be fixed: the temperature of the outer air, the amount of additive in the solution, the temperature of the solution at the time of laying and other data affecting on the process of hardening solution.7.70. The construction of the building can be carried out without checking the actual strength of the solution in the masonry until the erected part of the building according to the calculation causes overloading of the underlying structures during the thawing period. The further construction of the building is allowed to produce only after the solution acquires strength (confirmed by the data of laboratory tests) is not lower than the desired calculation specified in the working drawings for the construction of a building in winter conditions. For the subsequent monitoring of the strength of the solution with anti-corrosive additives, it is necessary to make construction of structures Cube samples of 7.07'7,07'7.07 cm on suction of water base directly at the object. After the construction of one-two-section houses, the number of control samples on each floor (with the exception of the three tops) should be at least 12. Sections of more than two should be at least 12 control samples for every two sections. ORDERS, at least three, are tested after a 3-hour thawing at a temperature not lower than 20 ± 5 ° C. Control samples Cubes should be experienced in the deadlines required for floor monitoring The strength of the solution during the construction of structures. Summary should be stored under the same conditions as The erected design, and to protect the water and snow from entering them. For the determination of the final strength of the solution, three control samples need to be tested after they are thawing under natural conditions and the subsequent 28-day hardening at an outdoor air temperature not less than 20 ± 5 ° C.7.71. In addition to the tests of cubes, as well as in the case of their absence, it is allowed to determine the strength of the solution with the test of samples with an edge of 3-4 cm made of two plates of the solution selected from horizontal seams.7.72. When building buildings with the method of freezing on ordinary (without contamination additives), solutions, followed by consolidation of masonry with artificial warming, it is necessary to carry out continuous monitoring of the temperature conditions of the solutions with fixing them in the journal. The air temperature in the premises during heating is measured regularly, at least three times a day: in 1, 9 and 17 hours. Air temperature control should be made of at least 5-6 points near the outer walls of the heated floor at a distance of 0.5 m from the floor. The submissive air temperature in the heated floor is defined as the arithmetic average of private measurements. 7.73. Before approaching the spring and in a period of long deception, it is necessary to strengthen control over the state of all supporting structures of buildings erected into autumn-winter period, regardless of their floors and develop measures to remove additional loads, device of temporary fastenings and determining the conditions for further continuation of construction work. 7.74. During natural thawing, as well as artificialized structures, it is necessary to organize permanent observations of the magnitude and uniform of the sediment of the walls, the development of deformations of the most stressful areas of masonry, the hardening of the solution. Installation must be carried out during the entire period of hardening to a set of design (or close to it) strength to a solution. .7.75. In case of detection of signs of masonry overvoltage in the form of deformation, cracks or deviations from the vertical, urgent measures should be taken to temporarily or constantly strengthen structures.

Strengthening stone structures of reconstructed and damaged buildings

7.76. The production of work on strengthening the stone structures of reconstructed and damaged buildings is made in accordance with working drawings and project manufacturing. 7.77. Before amplifying stone structures, it is necessary to prepare the surface: make a visual inspection and climbing masonry with a hammer, clean the surface of the masonry from dirt and old plaster, remove partially destroyed (frostated) masonry.7.78. Strengthening stone structures by the method of injection depending on the degree of damage or the required increase in the carrying ability of structures should be performed on cement-sand, hypertension or cement-polymeric solutions. For cement and cement-polymer solutions, portland cement M400 or M500 brand with grinding fineness of at least 2400 cm 3 / g . Cement dough should be normal thickness within 20-25%. In the manufacture of an injection solution, it is necessary to control its viscosity and water supply. The viscosity is determined by the VIS-4 viscometer. It should be for cement solutions 13-17 C, for epoxy - 3-4 minutes. Water collection, determined by the solution of the solution for 3 hours, should not exceed 5% of the total sample volume of the solution of the mixture. 7.79. When strengthening stone structures with steel robes (corners with clamps), the installation of metal corners should be performed in one of the following methods: the first - on the enhanced element in the places of installation of the coogema, they are applied a layer of cement mortar of the brand not lower than M100. Then there are corners with clamps and create a preliminary tension of 10-15 kN in clamps; the second - the corners are installed without a solution with a gap of 15-20 mm, fixed with steel or wooden wedges, create 10-15 kN tension in the clamps. The gap is boosted by a hard solution, remove wedges and produce a complete tension of the clamps up to 30-40 kN. In both methods of installing metal rings, they create a complete tension of the clamps after 3 days after their tension. 7.80. The strengthening of stone structures with reinforced concrete or reinforced mortar robes should be performed in compliance with the following requirements: reinforcement to perform related frameworks. The amplification frameworks should be recorded in the design position using a bracket or hooks scored in masonry seams in a step of 0.8-1.0 m in a checker order. It is not allowed to connect flat frames into spatial spot welding; for formwork, it is necessary to use collapsible-stopped formwork, formwork shields should be connected to rigidly among themselves and ensure the density and immutability of the structure as a whole; the concrete mixture is laid with smooth layers and compacted by a vibrator, not allowing damage monolith The stuffing portion of the masonry; The concrete mixture must have a sediment of the cone 5-6 cm, the rubble fraction is not more than 20 mm; clip clums to produce after reaching 50% of the project strength .7.81. With the strengthening of stone walls with steel stripes in the presence of a plastering layer, it is necessary to perform horizontal fines of a depth equal to the thickness of the plastering layer, and the width equal to the width of the metal strip 20 mm.7.82. With the strengthening of the stone walls, the inner anchors need holes in the wall of the anchor to be injected with a solution. The base wells under the anchor should be placed in a checker in a step of 50-100 cm with a width of the cracks of 0.3-1 mm and 100-200 cm when the cracks disclosure 3 mm and more. In places, the concentration of small cracks should be placed additional wells. Scabbines need to be drilled to a depth of 10-30 cm, but not more than 1/2 thickness of the wall. 7.83. With the strengthening of stone walls with steel pre-stressed heavy, the accurate gravity tension force should be monitored using a dynamometric key or measurement of deformations with a time-type indicator with a division price of 0.001 mm. In winter installation in winter unheated premises It is necessary in summer to tighten the heavy tape taking into account the temperature drop. 7.84. The replacement of semen and pillars with new masonry should be started from setting temporary fasteners and dismantling window fillings in accordance with working drawings and project manufacturing project. New masonry is necessary to perform thoroughly, with a dense sealing of bricks to obtain a thin seam. The tincture should not be made to old by 3-4 cm. The gap should be carefully converted into a hard solution of the brand not lower than 100. Temporary mount is allowed to shoot after reaching the new masonry at least 70% of the project strength. 7.85. When strengthening the stone masonry, the control is subject to: the quality of surface laying surface; compliance of the construction of the project; quality welding of fastening parts after the stress of structural elements; the presence and quality of the anti-corrosion protection of the gain structures.

Accepting stone structures

7.86. Acceptance of work performed on the construction of stone structures must be made before plastering their surfaces. 7.87. Elements of stone structures hidden in the process of construction and installation work including: Places of Farm, Runs, Balkers, Plate of Walls on Walls, Pillars and Pilasters and Chopping In Masonry; fixing in the laying of precast concrete products: Karnis, balconies and other console structures; mortgage parts and anti-corrosion protection; stamped fittings; sedimentation seds, anti-dismeasic seams; masonry hydro-insulation; should be taken on documents certifying their compliance with the project and regulatory and technical documentation. 7.88. When accepting complete work on the construction of stone structures, it is necessary to check: the correctness of the dressing of the seams, their thickness and filling, as well as the horizontal of the rows and the verticality of the masonry angles; correct device of deformation seams; correctness of the smoke device and ventilation canals in the walls; the quality of the surfaces of the facade inactive walls of the brick; quality facade surfaceslined with ceramic, concrete and other types of stones and plates; geometric dimensions and position of structures. 7.89. When accepting stone structures performed in seismic areasThe device is additionally controlled: the reinforced belt is controlled in the level of the foundations; floor anti-disshit belts; fastening of thin walls and partitions to capital walls, frame and overlap; enhancement of stone walls with inclusions in the masonry of monolithic and precast concrete elements; anchors of the elements protruding above the attic overlap, and Also the strength of the clutch of the solution with a wall stone material. 7.90. Deviations in size and position of stone structures from design should not exceed those specified in\u003e Table. 34.

Table 34.

Checked Constructions (Details)	Limit deviations, mm		Control (method, type of registration)
		foundation
	from brick, ceramic and natural stones of the right shape, from large blocks	from boot and booton
Thickness of structures			Measuring, work log
Marks of supporting surfaces
Width of priests
Width of the Operass
Displacement of the vertical axes of window openings from the vertical
Displacement of the axes of structures from the centering axes			Measuring, Geodesic Executive Scheme
Deviations of surfaces and corners of masonry from vertical:
on one floor
on the building with a height of more than two floors
Masonry seam thickness:			Measuring, work log
horizontal
vertical
Deviations of rows of masonry from horizontal by 10 m wall lengths			Technical inspection, geodesic executive scheme
Irregularities on the vertical surface of the masonry discovered when overlapping the rails 2 m long			Technical inspection, work log
Dimensions of the section of ventilation channels			Measuring, work log

Note. In brackets, the dimensions of permissible deviations for structures from vibrated brick, ceramic and stone blocks and panels are given.

The main documents regulating the processes in the construction industry are collections of norms and rules. Under all the requirements of SNiP, brickwork will differ high reliability and resistance to adverse environmental factors. Although SNIP II-22-81 * "Stone and Armochement Constructions" from the moment of approval, almost never changed, they remain relevant to today.

SNiP was developed by the Central Research Institute for Construction Designs. V.A. Kucherenko - the leading organization of the industry, so each of the points of the document is carefully justified by theoretical calculations and practical tests. Using the requirements of the standards in private construction, you can increase the reliability and durability of brickwork, as well as avoid possible problems.

Characteristics of brick and brickwork

The main components of the masonry of any type - cement mortar and brick blocks. The overall stability of the walls and the whole building depends on their mechanical properties. In order for the garage to withstand seasonal temperature differences, snow and wind load, the weight of the roof and remained sustained for many years, it is important to correctly choose building materials with optimal characteristics.

Construction standards are clearly governed by some properties to have certain materials. Additional, more detailed information is indicated in state standards developed specifically for each type of product. GOST 530-2012 "Brick and stone ceramic. General technical conditions »Lists the following technical characteristics of products:

Strength - a parameter on which the stability of the building depends. Strength is indicated by an alphanumeric index (from M25 to M1000), while the second part displays the pressure in kg / cm 2, which can withstand the unit without destruction.
Frost resistance is the minimum number of consecutive frost and defrost cycles, during which the brick retains integrity. The conventional designation of frost resistance is the Latin letter F, near which the amount of seasonal cycles is indicated.
The class of medium density depends on the number and total volume of voids placed inside a separate unit. In natural conditions of emptiness, the air is filled with air, which is the easiest, but at the same time an effective heat insulator. The more isolated aircases has a brick, the higher its heat engineering characteristics.

Construction of the walls of Garazh

What brick is best to make a laying? The garage is usually not highlighted high demands in the insulation issues. An exception is cases when the structure is directly adjacent to the residential house. In such cases, active heat exchange of the garage walls with an external environment will be held, which can adversely affect the efficiency of heating in the home.

In the context of the climate of our country, the thickness of the garage walls should be from 0.5 to 2.5-3 bricks. Optimal option, ensuring reliability and efficiency - 1.5 block, but to reduce costs, the thickness is often reduced to single masonry or half of the brick.

The calculation of the number of necessary materials is an important stage preceding construction. Standard brick consumption per 1 m 2 walls is:

100 blocks and 75 liters of mortar when laying in one brick;
50 blocks and 35 liters of mortar when laying in 0.5 bricks.

During construction, it is important to ensure reliable waterproofing of walls from a concrete foundation, otherwise the lower part of the garage will constantly worst, and the cracks from the ice cavities falling inside the cavities will appear. Isolation is performed from a conventional rubberoid, which is placed on a precompanied molten bitumen surface of the foundation.

In order to facilitate the masonry process, you can use the following reception: bricks without a solution are laid along the future wall, while the optimal thickness of the seams between them is determined - 10-12 mm. The required portion of the solution is buried by Celma and put in place of the first brick, having previously raised it. After that, the block returns to its place, and the operation is repeated for the next. With before the eyes, the finished layer of brick installed in this way, you can easily comply with the specified parameters for the following rows.

Do you need to additionally strengthen the walls of the garage? Reinforcement may be the necessary measure if the projected load is significant, for example, if there is a second floor or high height of the garage. Removing jumpers of window and doorways, according to the requirements of regulatory documents, should be carried out on the walls with a thickness of at least 200 mm.

For the construction of the inner walls and partitions, it is recommended to use silicate blocks. They are cheaper ceramic, but at the same time satisfy all the requirements for reliability.

Designing a garage, a private house, a cottage or economic building in accordance with the requirements of current regulatory documents, you will ensure their high reliability and resistance to external factors.

SNIP II-22-81 * "Stone and Armocamenic Constructions" contains all the main instructions that relate to the calculation of structures, the requirements for the mechanical properties of blocks and cement mortar, as well as the issues of providing heat engineering characteristics.

When it comes time to build a wall of bricks, it is worth remembering about a number of instructions that you need to stick. Sniped brick madding folds around the shelves, as and for what indicators the construction should occur, what provisions must be performed.

Before the start of any brickwork, a number of preparatory work should be performed:

It is required to fully complete all construction work related to the non-residential floor.
A check of geodesy and all circuits and completed the construction of overlaps.
All building materials close to the construction site should be prepared.
Need to prepare for work building tools, Tools for the protection of workers and first aids.
All workers involved in the project must be familiar with the construction scheme, as well as safety technician.

There are a number of guidelines for the storage and storage of materials, as well as a building inventory. When receiving building materials, it is familiar with the documents to determine the quality of the material. After comparing the data in the "passport" with a visual inspection. Only after that you can use this material.

To a number of indicators that must be checked, can be attributed:

Name and address of the enterprise supplier.
Serial number, as well as the date of issuing a document indicating quality.
Marking of delivered goods and the amount of products obtained.
The date according to which the material was manufactured.
The quality of the material obtained and compliance with GOST.

Montaja technology

The entire process of masonry of the brick wall must be performed in accordance with the norms and according to the drawing. It is recommended to use the masonry of 2-5 discharge. The work is performed in a strict sequence, according to the established standards:

Wall markup, installation of wooden openings on the base.
Installation of dealer rail (if necessary).
Stretching the cord by which the wall will be erected.
Preparing bricks to masonry.
Preparation of cement mortar.
Laying brick per solution ().
Check on the completion of construction work.
Installation of chawls wooden openingsTo reduce the load on the tree.

Specialists of different categories are attracted to the construction process. Specialists K1 and K2 perform the laying of the outer wall and its further facing. Mason 2 and 4 categories perform the masonry of the inner walls, resort to the help of K3. The tensioning of the cord is carried out only by the masonry of the highest category, as the quality and bias of the construction depends on them.

Often resort to reinforced wall masonry. It is worth noting that this method is appropriate only to the outer walls. From the reinforcement wire by welding work, a reinforcement grid is manufactured, which is placed between each level of bricks.

Laying of indoor walls and partitions

The construction of the inner bearing wall and partitions implies a number of certain actions. In general, the technology is not significantly different from the masonry of the outer walls. It should only be noted that for partitions they are resorted to ceramic bricks.

The jet should be stretched individually for each row of masonry. In places where the intersection of two bearing walls, it is required to build both at the same time. Unlike the outer walls, reinforcement can be carried out every 3-4 rows. The solution should be evenly applied to the surface of the brick, in order for the same seam thickness. The vertical of the faces and compliance with the accuracy of the corners of the masonry must be checked at each level without mandatory.

Installing a channel as a jumper over the windows, doors is carried out with the help of construction equipment. The brick base is applied in advance. When they are installed, it is worth paying attention to the vertical and horizontal marks, on supporting jumpers. In addition, it is necessary to install the reinforcement to maintain the front of the brick.

Wooden formwork is worth noting no earlier than in 5-6 days. As for the winter period, experts recommend waiting for a period of 2 weeks.

Safety technique

Each working and management project must be familiar with all safety regulations. All of them are clearly spelled out in SNIP 12-03-2001 "Labor Safety in Construction" section 1. Basic requirements. It is worth highlighting the following rules:

Wall arrangement

The entire rise of building materials should be carried out using special lifting tools and packaging material, which will help to avoid their fall.
Workers who are engaged in lifting and taking a building material should be trained with a sling case. In addition, constantly connect with the cranewoman.
All openings must be overseas to avoid accidents. In the lower tiers, an insurance network must be fixed, which will prevent the fall in workers and building materials.
When conducting construction work, it is forbidden to become legs for fresh masonry or even climb on it. The design is too unreliable and can collapse.
Space between building forests And the masonry should not exceed the half-meter so that the worker does not fall. Forests should be regularly cleaned from garbage, due to which the worker may fall or get injured. The garbage is packaged in bags and descends the crane. It is strictly forbidden to discharge production down.

Failure to comply with safety regulations is a threat not only for the intruder, but also for others. For each violation, a reprimand must be made, for systematic violations should be removed from work and write out fines.

Having decided to build a house from aerated concrete, faces the need to manufacture armoomas (it is also called seismopoye). Armopoyas is a monolithic reinforced concrete tape, sprung through the entire perimeter of the walls (for example, between the first and second floor). Armopois is necessary for the uniform distribution of load and the connection of the walls together. This reduces the risk of cracks when the building is uneven shrinkage. Also Armopois is laid under Mauerlat under the roofing device.

What you should pay attention to

It is impossible to mount the timber (Mauerlat) directly to the stiletto aerated concrete. If this is done, then with time, under the action of wind load, the fasteners are separated. In addition, for example, when appliance mansard floor With wooden floors, Armopoyas will redistribute the point load from the bar on the entire wall.

Indicative example of forumchanin with Nick Mad-Max. He did not have time to pour under Mauerlat Aropoyas, and the house went to the "winter". Already during the cold, arched loops under the windows in the house were cracked exactly in the middle. At first, the cracks were small - about 1-2 mm, but gradually they began to increase and revealed to 4-5 mm. As a result, the spring forumchanin hung over Armopoyas 40x25 cm, in which the anchor under Maurylalat was installed before the fill of concrete. It solved the problem with increasing cracks.

I would like to add that the foundation for the house I have a ribbon - monolithic, the soil is rocky, the bases of the base, before I started building the house, was not. I believe that the reason for the appearance of cracks was the lack of Armopoyas under Mauerlat.
So, a gas-concrete house, and even more so a fuel-concrete house in two floors, Armopoyas is needed. With its manufacture, you should remember such a rule:

The main condition for the right "work" of Armopoyasa is its continuity, continuity and sliding around the entire perimeter of the walls.

There are several options for the Armopoyas device in a gas-concrete house. The manufacture of Armopoyasa begins with the calculation of its cross section and choosing the type of formwork - a removable or unknown, as well as the "pie" of the entire design.

From personal experience

I am building a house of aerated concrete 375 mm thick, with a facing of brick and a ventilated gap of 35 mm. Use special U-blocks of factory making under the fill of Armopoyas I do not want. I saw on our forum the following circuit - the wall block sets a partition unit with a thickness of 10 cm, then the insulation is (for example, EPPS), and from the inside of the house mounted a removable formwork. Also saw the option when the insulation is pressed close to the brickwork. With this scheme, the Armopoyas is greater width. What should I stop?

I built a house of aerated concrete 40 cm thick. In my opinion, the ventilated gap between the wall and cladding of 35 mm is not enough, to optimally leave the gap of 50 mm. As for the "Cake" of Armopoyasa, then, if you look out from the inside, he was the following:

removable formwork;
concrete 200 mm;
EPPS 50 mm;
partition unit 150 mm.

Formwork forumchanin recommends doing from sheet material. It can be plywood, OSP, CSP, etc., with a mandatory increase in the upper edge of the-inch board. It is possible to fix the formwork by screwing it with a self-strain length of 75 mm, right into the aerated concrete unit. From above, the formwork is additionally fixed by the board (bar) or perflective, which is screwed to the outer block.

In addition, it is impossible to overlap the ventilated gap, otherwise it is lost meaning. Because Water steam, striving from heated room outside, will not be able to evaporate and will be "locked" inside - between the brickwork and the aerated concrete wall. Therefore, it is not recommended to build a house under PMZ from aerated concrete with a steam-resistant (or small-permeable) facing, with an uninterrupted air gap or with a brick masonry located close to the wall.

Also, during the Armopoya device, it should not be guided by the rule: what it is wider, the better. Often this leads to unjustified overruns of materials and means. The cross section of Armopoyas should not be chosen on the eye, but guided by the calculation.

I somehow asked a person well-disassembly in construction, about the cross section of Armopoyas. He replied me that in many cases it is enough to fill over an armureash 10 cm wide and 15 cm high.
These figures do not cancel the preliminary calculation of the cross section of Armopoyas, because It is done under a specific task.
According to the forum, because Armopoyas is necessary only for the strapping of all walls, then it is impractical to make it thick in the entire wall. Therefore, "cake" formwork (with a thickness of a block of 375 mm) may be as follows:

Outside, we put a block with a thickness of 150 mm.
Warm Aropoyas to cut off the cold bridge. Instead of polystyrene foam 50 mm thick, you can use mineral wool of high density, which is used in the "Wet Facade" technology.
We put the reinforcement frame.
Inside, as a non-coordinate formwork, use a block of 50 mm, drunk from a whole block. The remaining space is filled with concrete.

The benefits of this type of formwork include the speed of its installation, because Install (for glue) A block of 50 mm thick is different times faster than mounted a removable formwork. In addition, we get from the inside a smooth and smooth surface, ready for the finishing finish.

Experience shows that the thickness of the block is 50 mm (planted on the glue) is enough for it to power the load when pouring concrete, even if the mixture is poured from a concrete pump. To enhance the structure, you can fasten the screed from the bar 25x50 mm, connecting, thus the internal and external block.

Another embodiment of the wave formwork can be a way proposed by dimastik25. To cut less from the whole block, you need to buy three sizes in the pallet of the blocks:

Next place blocks in the following order

Outside glue a block width of 150 mm.
We put a block, dumping up to 170 mm.
Inside the formwork glue a block with a thickness of 50 mm.
We put a 50 mm thick insulation.
Inside the box laid 4 bar of reinforcement with a diameter of 12 mm. We bind it every 30 cm.
I have a house of 11x12 meters, 1.5 m3 of concrete went on the pouring of Armopoyas. Moreover, for savings (workers from the neighboring construction, agreed to drag the concrete for 5,000 rubles) poured all the versions, because The rental of concrete pump would cost 15,000 rubles.

You can also make a classic wooden formwork

I poured Aropoyas and made wooden shields for this. The formwork (on both sides) was screwed straight to the aerated concrete long screws by 135 mm. From side external Wall, inward, laid extrusion polystyrene foam. The top of the formwork shields was bonded by bars.

As for reinforcement (ribbon section of 100x150mm), then for a reference point can be recommended the following scheme. From above and below, we put 2 rod with a diameter of 12 mm. For clamps, we take the reinforcement with a diameter of 6-8 mm. When viscating the frame, it is important to provide a protective layer of concrete. To do this, we leave between the wall of the formwork and the reinforcement, as well as from above and below the free space at least 2.5 cm.

Summarizing

When pouring Armopoyas, the following formwork devices are most often used:

"Pie" outside - inside.

Board (removable formwork shield), for example - 150x25 mm, 50 mm thick insulation, reinforcement frame, board (removable formwork shield) - 150x25.
A gas-concrete block with a thickness of 100-150 mm, a heater with a thickness of 50 mm, an armature frame, a gas-concrete block (beaming formwork) with a thickness of 50 mm.
A gas-concrete block with a thickness of 100-150 mm, a 50 mm thick insulation, an armature frame, a board - 150x25.

If the Armopoyas tape is filled without insulation, then later (if it is not planned to make a "wet facade" on polystyrene foam) will have to warm the concrete outside. This may (because of the insulation wall protruding above the surface) complicate the finishing finish.

Stripping from the above schemes, you can invent your "Pupies" formwork. It should be remembered that when laying the concrete slabs of overlaps, two Armoisians need to be installed:

Pretty. Fills in the level of slabs of overlaps.
Reference. It is directly based on the slab overlap.
It is also necessary to take into account one nuance.

The slab of the overlapping should be based on a gas-concrete block (for example, to a U-unit or a block of non-replaceable formwork) only through a damper pad. As an "elastic" gasket, you can use a strip of waterproof 50 mm wide and a thickness of 3-4 mm. At the same time, the depth of the support on the Aropoyas is the usual PC plate, is at least 120 mm, recommended - 150 mm. And when using pre-planned extruded wetting plates, the overlap is enough to withstand the depth of the content of 7-8 cm.

A source: FORUMHOUSE.RU.

Video

Armopoyas device on a gas concrete wall. Types, tips, how to make it, taking into account the type of foundation and the range of wall material. The purpose and nature of the interaction of this constructive element with a wall of gas blocks.

One of the advantages of the wall blocks from aerated concrete is a large envelope of the element, turns into the vulnerability of masonry to uneven sediments of the foundation. In this case, not only the disclosure of the vertical seam can occur, but also the destruction of the blocks underlying above, since the aerated concrete is very poorly opposed by bending and tensile loads.

What does the reinforced belt need

This element of enhancing the massif of the wall perceives the loads arising from the uneven sediment of the foundation of the building. If the stone masonry is performed from piece blocks associated with thin glue seams, the reinforced belt is made of monolithic concrete, reinforced with longitudinal and transverse reinforcement.

Concrete has very high compressive strength, and the armature works fine on stretching. The reinforced concrete is able to withstand the colossal bending loads without deformations exceeding the normative. The wall, which is above Armopois, is experiencing loads that correspond to the slight deformations of the belt that do not lead to the appearance of cracks and destruction.

How do it do on light concrete blocks

The device of reinforced reinforcement belt on the walls in which the piece stone binds to a thick layer of the solution, is rather obvious. But the aerated wall is put on a thin adhesive layer, which is impossible to drown thick fittings. Therefore, the reinforced belt is made in the form of a separate constructive elementwhich is a monolithic segment of the walls from blocks.
There is a problem with a significant difference in heat transfer gradient between concrete and a gas-block, thanks to which the monolithic belt will not be just a bridge, but the gate of the cold.

An important part of Armopoyas on aerated concrete is the thermal insulation block on the outside, leading to a decrease in the width of the element. Gas block manufacturers offer elements of a box profile designed specifically for this purpose, although you can do the use of traditional heat insulating materials, for example:

sheet polystyrene;
polyurethane foam;
hard basalt or stone wool.

The minimum thickness of the insulation should be ten centimeters, with the smallest thermal conductivity indicator. Thus, the width of the belt will be equal to the thickness of the wall minus insulation.

Where is the solid reinforcement of walls from aerated concrete

The most critical sections of the wall in the dimensions of one floor are the first number of blocks and the latter, on which the elements of overlapping or roof are stacked. The wall of aerated concrete should have at least two reinforced belts, if a solution is made to their device, as well as a more easy constructive reinforcement of walls. The height of the belt section is adopted depending on its design and ground conditions.

Using the standard elements of the box shape, the height of the belt will be equal to their depth, in other cases it is necessary to take into account that the greater the height of the section of the element, the larger bending loads it perceives without deformation. For example, the Lower Armopoyas on aerated concrete based on a belt collective foundation can be made higher, centimeters twenty - thirty, and the upper belt, mainly distributing loads from the elements of overlapping or roof, may have a minimum thickness sufficient to lay one layer of fittings.

If a monolithic reinforced concrete plate is adopted as a base under a gas-concrete box, a small-breeding foundation with the upper and lower reinforcement, reinforced concrete heads of piles or a monolithic ribbon with a reinforcing frame in the upper section, then the need to arrange the bottom belt of the wall reinforcement is missing. It is enough to rein the upper cut under the ceiling of the floor.

The device of a monolithic concrete beam, which is not a solid contour, for example, in the middle section of the wall, torn by window and door carrots, also does not make sense. In these places, it is necessary to carry out a constructive reinforcement of masonry using a mesh, special framework for laying into a thin layer of the solution or combining the reinforcement into the cutting stages of gas blocks. Such an increase does not create a continuous belt, but significantly increases the stability of masonry to local loads and local deformations.

Armopoyasa device on aerated concrete

The design is manufactured from the brand of concrete M-200 and above and the reinforcement rods of the periodic profile, with a diameter of 12 millimeters. Of these, the frame is assembled, binding to the transverse reinforcement with a diameter of 4-6 millimeters. The frame consists of the top and bottom row of rods with a gap at a height of 10-15 centimeters. They are placed in the same plane in the transverse direction of about ten centimeters. The rods are joined along the length of the knitting wire with a nastown of about fifteen centimeters, and it is fastened with the elements of transverse reinforcement.

The belt can be made from one layer of reinforcement, without assembling the spatial frame, but only tying the rods of longitudinal reinforcement with transverse. In places of rotation and fracture of the wall circuit, the rods are overlapped and binds at the points of the intersection.

The frame is placed in the formwork or cavity of the box block. It is necessary to ensure the gap between the outer facet of any reinforcement element and the inner facet of the cavity or formwork. It should be at least three - five centimeters to create a protective layer of concrete, which prevents corrosion of reinforcement. Special plastic elements will help relieve this task in the form of support tables and stars, allowing you to fix the rods on the necessary distance from formwork. They can be purchased from all suppliers dealing with concreting materials.

By installing the reinforcing frame in the formwork, and, if necessary, the heat-insulating facade layer, fill it with concrete, carefully tamping. The use of vibration is limited to a slight depth of Armopoyas on aerated concrete. Required mortgage parts can be installed in it, for example, for mounting Maurolat or roof. The surface of the laid material is aligned with the help of the rule and cell.

After a set of initial strength of the concrete for two to three days, you can continue the started cycle of work. After about a week, the formwork can be removed. In the heat, concrete is spilled by water several times and protected by polyethylene, during frosts - shelters from freezing.

In the same way, monolithic jumpers over window and door peters are made, with the only difference, which instead of the underlying layer of the masonry, uses the bottom of the formwork recorded in the project position.

Its dimensions are determined by the length and width of the wall. For a single-layer masonry in 30 cm, the optimal thickness of the Armopoyais for aerated concrete is 25 cm. It is recommended for increasing the thermal conductivity of the house and as an additional protection from the cold, lay the insulation and lay out another layer of masonry.

In order to strengthen the design, the height of the Armopoyais is equal with its thickness. Equipical elements exhibit greater wear resistance than rectangular. The ribbon design, repeating the contours of the walls around the perimeter, allows you to build more reliable and resistant to atmospheric and mechanical effects. This also applies to a one-story house, and a multi-storey building.

There are several types of belts:

grillage - the top of the pile foundation;
armopoyas on aerated concretewhat serves as the boundary between the foundation and the wall (basement);
seismic beltconnecting the floors of the house on the upper wall row;

for unloading roofing

For each of them there are features of construction work in accordance with the instructions.

What functions performs

Armopoyas in the construction sector is used to increase the resistance of the bearing walls at home by external and internal influence. It contributes to the combination of individual parts of the building in a solid design, performing the following functions:

Armopois on aerated concisely satisfies the need of a building in the supporting structure. It allows the material to safely tolerate the point load of different character, which prevents cracking, the destruction of individual block elements and maintains the strength of the walls.

Formwork beltmade on a gas concrete contributes forming a smooth surface Belts due to its uniform distribution. Multifunction is promoted qualitative results and effective conduct construction work.

Pros and Cons Applications

The equipment of the belt installation has certain advantages and disadvantages. First of all, the quality of the material and service life take into account.

The advantages with which the Armopoian on aerated concrete:

low cost price;
ease of installation;
frost resistance, refractory;
sustainable anti-deformation;
uniform load distribution on the design of the house;
long service life.

Building a building where aerated concrete is used as the main material, it will cost three times cheaper than the construction brick house. Aerated concrete blocks lightweight resistant climatic conditions and possess good frost resistance Thanks to the greater thickness than brick. The suitability period of housing will be at least one hundred years.

Disadvantages:

the need for additional waterproofing of the surface to prevent hernament and destruction;
waterproofing costs and thermal insulation.

Despite additional costs without Armopoyas not to do. Against the background of the advantages of its installation, the minuses do not look so essential.

Step-by-step instruction

Armopoyas on aerated concrete does not require special device technology. It consists of several consecutive operations:

installation reinforcement frame;
assembly and mounting formwork;
fill concrete.

On features of the work can only affect the zone of the belt, but in general, the installation guide has a standard view.

Production of formwork

When without Armopoyasa, it is not necessary, the assembly process begins and installing the frame for it from the boards and their cropping. This method is quite simple:

Such a design is able to withstand the mass of concrete when pouring it and not suffer. If the frame is needed under the beam overlap, it is mounted along the outer surface of the walls, and the height is equal to 20-40 cm. To be able to carefully disguise the insulation, if it is necessary to use it, it is possible to shift the formwork in the walls. An formed niche is convenient to fill in thermal insulating material.