The peanuts that everyone loves so much, that is, peanuts, number 70 different varieties and it is quite possible to grow it on your own, both in the summer cottage, and simply on the windowsill.

In addition to delicious fruits, it blooms very beautifully with white or bright yellow flowers and easily adapts to any conditions. Outside of South America, mainly one species is grown - the so-called "cultivated peanut", but simply - peanut, which, in turn, has a lot of varieties.

Description and features of growing peanuts

It is a beautiful annual legume, 30 to 75 cm in height, with a taproot system that is highly branched. Therein, how to grow peanuts in the garden, there is nothing complicated - thanks to such universal roots, it takes root perfectly in any conditions.

The stems of peanuts are faceted, pubescent or smooth, and the branches depend on the variety and can be either creeping or straight. With straight twigs, peanuts look like a small bush covered with small flowers and are very decorative.

The peculiarity of peanuts is that directly flowering for fertilization lasts only a day, and after that the gynophore begins, that is, a receptacle is formed. As it grows, it lengthens and "drills" into the ground, buries itself. The fruits themselves are formed already in the soil. Therefore, peanuts were called peanuts.

However, pondering, how to grow ground peanuts , you should not assume that this is an exclusively "fodder" crop, on the contrary, for a lot, and it blooms all summer. Therefore, it is quite suitable for decorating flower beds.

Planting and caring for peanuts

Therein, how to grow "nuts" peanuts, there is nothing difficult. Everyone with a garden has grown peas. So, peanuts are the closest relative of peas, you need to plant and grow peanuts in the same way as.

Peanuts, like all beans, love light, fertile soils without stagnant moisture. Loves sunny places and warmth. This should be taken into account when choosing a landing site.

Having decided on where to grow peanuts, you need to prepare the place itself. The peanut loves warm soil, so it is not recommended to plant it before the end of May. Of course, if frost does not threaten, and the earth warms up above 16 degrees, then you can plant it.

For planting, you need to prepare pits in a checkerboard pattern, with a depth of no more than 15 cm and at a distance of 25 to 50 cm. The distance depends on how warm the climate is. The hotter the summer, the more powerful they will be, respectively, the further they should be from each other.

Grow peanuts can like seedlings and seeds. It is not difficult to prepare seedlings on your own by sprouting nuts on the windowsill. They need to be planted no earlier than April in order to get viable, pretty bushes ready for open ground by the end of May.

Therein, how to grow peanuts at home, not having a summer cottage, too, is nothing complicated. Earthen nuts grow well in deep boxes on the balcony or just in tubs in the room.

What does it have to do with how to grow peanuts in a pot, on the loggia or in open ground there is no difference. The most important thing is to remember that peanuts love warmth and cannot tolerate stagnant excess moisture.

As for caring for, everything is very simple. Watering is necessary once a week, and if it rained or the humidity in the air was simply increased, then once every one and a half to two weeks.

Regarding, peanuts. Like any legume, it is very susceptible to mineral dressing and does not like organics. Also, if nuts grow in the garden, you need to free the garden from weeds.

Beneficial features peanuts

In general, legumes have a lot of beneficial properties for humans, and peanuts are no exception. Firstly, it is a very nutritious product, it contains:

proteins;

vegetable fats;

magnesium;

phosphorus;

other minerals and vitamins.

One hundred grams of peanuts contains almost a daily dose of magnesium and phosphorus necessary for a person. Secondly, peanuts contain lenolic acid, which prevents the development of sclerosis in the human body and is necessary for the production of arachidone acid by the body itself, which is a natural counterbalance to the formation of cholesterol plaques and increases blood clotting. What makes peanuts an indispensable product for hemophilia. Thirdly, nutritional science has proven that peanuts:

good prevention of atherosclerosis;

relief from cardiac pathologies;

slows down the aging process;

inhibits the growth of cancer cells;

accelerates the breakdown of fats.

In addition to all this, there is a lot of tryptophan in peanuts, this is one of the amino acids that promotes the synthesis of serotonin in the body. The same hormone, a sufficient amount of which:

Accordingly, the regular eating of one hundred grams of nuts will have a beneficial effect on the state of mind and nervous system... The peanut kernel is a fiber supplier. Accordingly, the daily consumption of peanuts is prevention:

stomach and intestinal cancer;

cholelithiasis.

Types and varieties of peanuts

All peanuts grown industrially, for food production and simple consumption, are divided into main groups:

Spanish varieties.

These are the smallest nuts that are used for the production of butter and salted nuts in bags. The best of this group include Dixie, Argentinean, Florispen and about ten other names.

Valencia.

These are "giants" capable of favorable conditions growing 130 cm in height. With large "selected" fruits in a bright red skin. For this reason this group of varieties is often referred to as "red-skinned nuts".

Runner.

The highest-yielding and delicious varieties of peanuts with large oblong kernels. The most unpretentious. The best of these are North Carolina Runner, Bradford Runner, Georgia Green.

Virginia

These peanuts are used in the confectionery industry. Most often, representatives of the Shulamit, Wilson, Hull, Gregory varieties are found in cookies and cakes.

Therein, how to grow peanuts, both in the room and on the balcony or at the summer cottage there is nothing complicated. But, having grown nuts, you need to remember that in addition to the benefits, they also have contraindications:

it is a strong allergen, so you should not exceed 200 grams per day;

with arthritis or arthrosis, peanuts are prohibited due to the high protein content;

in case of metabolic disorders and excess weight, it is also not necessary to get carried away with nuts, since this is not a dietary product at all.

As for harvesting and processing the crop, like any bean, peanuts will notify that everything is ready with yellowing leaves and drying stems. Usually nuts ripen in late September, early October.

The fruits selected from the soil must be well dried. Under favorable conditions, you can get a yield of up to 500-600 grams from one, which is very good, given the simple agricultural technology and unpretentiousness of legumes.

Everyone loves peanuts, regardless of age. But what do we know about them? Is it a cultivated plant or a wild one?

Peanuts in the garden - description

Peanuts are a leguminous herbaceous annual plant. Peanuts bloom with yellow small flowers. First discovered in Latin America. Then he was brought to India, and from there to Europe. Loves the subtropical climate, where its long-term growth is possible. Optimal conditions for its growth are temperatures between 20 and 27 ºC with average humidity.

Growing peanuts in the garden

Features of growing peanuts

Grow peanuts in field conditions possible only in the southern regions. Residents of the middle lane can grow peanuts only in greenhouse conditions.

Planting peanuts for seedlings at home

First you need to produce. For this, raw peanuts are placed on a moistened cloth. The best time the year for its planting will be April-May. After ten days, the peanuts will sprout. Those peanut seeds that have sprouted must be planted in a container with soil. And after 14-15 days, you can plant peanuts in open ground.

Next to what to plant peanuts? The neighborhood of peanuts with tomatoes will be successful. After the tomatoes are harvested, there is enough room for it to grow. Moreover, peanuts release nitrogen, which is very necessary for tomatoes.

Peanut beds in the garden

Before planting peanuts, the bed is well loosened, since the formation of nuts occurs underground. Peanuts bloom at the end of June, after they reach 15-20 cm. Flowering lasts a month and a half. After this time, fruits are formed. Two hundred flowers are formed on one plant per season, each of them blooms for no more than one day.

When the flowers are fertilized, and the ovary has formed, it sinks to the ground, after which it is buried. Nuts can only develop in the ground, the ovary remaining on top will die.

Video of growing peanuts in an ordinary dacha

Outdoor peanut care

More plant needs hilling. To get a good harvest, it is advisable to huddle the peanuts three times per season.

Harvest after the leaves have turned yellow on the peanuts. Most often this happens in mid-September. The plant must be completely dug out of the ground, shaken off and dried in the sun. The fruits are easily separated only after drying. This usually happens after ten to twelve days.

Peanuts at home

They grow peanuts and on. The seeds are germinated and planted in a flower pot. The ground must be constantly loosened and moistened, and the peanuts themselves must be periodically sprayed. Peanuts should be provided good lighting and airing.

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Many of us love nuts, of course. You can eat them just like that, or you can fry, decorate pastries, add to desserts, muffins, cakes, or make a variety of sweet snacks with them in the form nut pastes or mixtures with dried fruits and honey.

Nuts in the country?

Now on sale you can find nuts that are completely different in taste and appearance, for example, almonds, walnuts, cashews, cedar, Brazilian, chestnut, hazelnuts, pecans and others. But traditionally the most accessible of them is peanuts or peanuts. And due to its unpretentiousness, it is also available for self-cultivation.

Few have tried, but even in middle lane peanuts can be easily grown in your summer cottage by sowing seeds in the spring immediately into the ground. The main condition for obtaining good harvest there will be a warm sunny summer and no prolonged torrential rains in September.

Preparing the land and sowing seeds

We harvest the seeds in the fall, extracting them from unpeeled peanuts in shells purchased on the market.

In the spring, around the last week of April (or on the May holidays), we allocate a free piece of land for planting peanuts, preferably away from trees that block the sunlight.

A plot occupied by a vegetable garden last year is perfect. We dig it up and we harrow very carefully, removing the remaining weeds.

We make parallel grooves about 5 cm deep in the ground at a distance of about 50 cm from each other.Place peanut grains in them, maintaining an interval of 20 cm between them.

We fill the grooves with earth and water the future plantation abundantly.

Growing features

The first shoots appear 2 - 2.5 weeks after planting, in the second half of May, which is about a week later than in and.

This happens, as a rule, always evenly, and soon the entire planted area is covered with young green plants.

During cultivation, you can add mineral fertilizer 2-3 times (June, July, August), while the development of plants is more amicable and intensive.

In cloudy, cold and rainy weather, which this year stood out for two whole months (May and June), it would not hurt to also add heat under the roots, and the sun on the aboveground part. For peanuts, these are the main indicators of a good harvest.

In normal years, it is sufficient to water the plants twice a month, and in dry periods and during flowering - every week. Waterlogging of plants should not be allowed, especially during the period of fruit ripening. Weeding and loosening the soil around the bushes should be done every time after watering.

Flowering and fruit development

Around the middle of June, the grown peanut bushes bloom.

If planted too deeply, flowers may even appear from under the ground.

Peanut bloom lasts more than two weeks. By this time, most plants have formed several (4 or more) trunks, and the foliage acquires a rich bright green color. And by mid-July, the faded bushes reach a maximum height of 25-30 cm. After that, the bushes can be spud like a potato.

The culture of peanuts is interesting in that for the formation of ovaries, the plant releases arrows from the trunks that go underground, and it is in the ground at their tips that future peanut fruits are formed.

Fruits develop slowly, gradually increasing in size. That is why a long warm period is so important for their full ripening.

Harvesting

In our region, peanuts usually ripen by the end of September, which is why in years with a rainy beginning of autumn, a significant part of it can simply rot in the ground, not having time to fully ripen.

Since the fruits of peanuts develop and ripen underground, it is possible to detect the ripening of the fruits by digging a control bush (or, preferably, a few - around the perimeter of the site).

Also, the ripening of peanuts can be judged by outward appearance plants when the bushes "droop", dropping foliage.

But it is impossible to bring the bushes to a completely dry state (like potatoes), otherwise the harvest during harvesting may crumble in the ground or disappear from the same decay when waterlogged.

In the years since late spring and in cold summer, peanut fruits can only ripen in October, as a result of which the plants fall under frost. But the fruits themselves do not suffer at the same time, therefore in such years (if there are no prolonged heavy rains in the fall) it is worth postponing digging out the bushes.

Naturally, before the first frost.

After removing the bushes from the ground, both formed and still developing fruits can be observed.

Even small bushes have a well-developed root system and the harvest is visible.

We wash the plant roots in water. The earth comes off easily, and now you can see part of the result of our labor.

Among the one-, two- and three-legume fruits there are also very small balls: to The short cold summer allowed not everyone to develop. When collecting them, you can safely throw them away, since they are usually underdeveloped inside.

While in the rest of the shells, even the most "suspicious" have nuts inside. In skin color, they are usually light pink or barely starting to turn pink.

Drying fruits

After harvesting, the peanuts need a long (about a week) drying in a warm place - in the sun or on the floor at home, and even better - on a mesh base under a fan. Dried fruits will rattle when shaken. And only then can the peanut beans be removed from the shells. After drying, they take on their usual deep pink or hot pink color.

It is from your own harvest that you can select the best seeds for planting in next year... And then it will already be possible to grow the strongest and most hardy plants, which in the summer on your site will turn into a real green peanut carpet.

And in the fall, they will certainly delight you with unusually tasty and healthy nuts.

Good luck with your experiments and a nutty mood!

Peanuts are a beautiful upright annual bean plant up to 50-60 cm high with a taproot that penetrates to a depth of 150 cm.

In the upper layers, the root system is up to a meter in diameter, which makes it highly resistant to drought. Peanut leaves are dark green, complex - paired. Flowers are collected in inflorescences in the leaf axils. The flower is bright yellow or orange.

In each inflorescence, one flower blooms at the same time, which lengthens the flowering period from late June to autumn frosts.

The flower opens at 7-8 o'clock in the morning and blooms until lunchtime. A plant develops up to 2000 flowers, and beans - from 30 to 70.

A few days later, in place of the flower, a young ovary begins to grow in the form of a kind of aerial "root", which bends and goes to the soil.

Botanists call such ovaries gynophores. So the plant protects offspring from heat and drought.

Having penetrated into the soil, the top of the gynophore begins to grow rapidly into a cylindrical or cocoon-shaped pod, in which 1-4 elongated-oval light pink seeds are formed.

Peanut cultivation technology

Peanuts need areas with warm soils, intense lighting without shading by other plants and good ventilation. The soil should be light sandy loam, chernozem, neutral, with a high content of humus, calcium and magnesium (on acidic soils it is better to add chalk or lime). Peanuts do not tolerate salinity (then phosphogypsum is added or other methods of reducing soil salinity are used).

Seeds germinate at a temperature of + 12-14 ° C, optimum temperature+ 25-30 ° C, after September cold snaps to + 12-13 ° C seeds are not formed. Even small frosts are destructive, and after autumn frosts below -3 ° C, seeds in unripe beans lose their germination.

Peanuts are very demanding on soil moisture, especially during flowering and seed formation in underground beans. In this case, there should be no stagnation of water. Excessive moisture in September significantly inhibits seed ripening.

To quickly reach the soil with gynophores and begin to grow into underground beans, it is necessary to huddle the plants. In case of violation optimal conditions there is a low resistance to diseases - spread root rot and the leaves are stained.

How to properly grow peanuts

Soil preparation

In the garden, peanuts love crop rotation. It is sown after potatoes, cucumbers and cabbage, under which large doses of organic fertilizers were applied.

You can not sow a crop after peas, beans and other legumes, after which root rot develops. Peanuts are very responsive to phosphate fertilizers.

To do this, in the spring, when preparing the soil for sowing, it is better to apply nitrophosphate at the rate of 50 g per 1 m². For autumn digging to a depth of 25-30 cm, humus is simultaneously introduced - 1-3 kg per 1 m².

It is useful for sowing to add additionally a handful of humus to each hole.

Sowing and watering

Sowing is started in May after the establishment of warm weather and the warming of the soil above + 14-15 ° C. Sowing is usually done after melons and gourds... In the forest-steppe, these dates fall on May 10-15. In addition to temperature, for the germination of seeds, it is also necessary to take into account the possibility of the return of frosts from May 20 to 25, which are destructive for peanuts.

It is better to sow the crop with half-planted seeds, although it is sown with whole beans. The remains of the valves are thrown along with the seeds, which promotes the colonization of the roots with beneficial microscopic fungi that live on the surface of the valves.

At the dacha, it is better to sow peanuts in a square-nesting method 60 × 60 or 70 × 70 cm, 5-6 plants per nest. You can also sow in a wide-row method with a row spacing of 60-70 cm with a distance between plants of 15-20 cm. The sowing depth is 6-8 cm.

For sowing, only large seeds are used - small and puny ones do not germinate. Watering peanuts different ways but, naturally, drip or furrow irrigation is better. Watering is carried out every 10-15 days in July-August in hot and dry weather. Watering is carried out only with water warmed up in the sun.

Hilling

The crucial moment when growing peanuts is hilling plants, without which the yield will be low.

They spud it 2-3 times. The first time to a height of 5-7 cm 10 days after the beginning of flowering.

Subsequent hilling is carried out every 10 days.

The main thing is not to rush to pour soil around the plant at one time.

This will ensure that the soil gradually approaches the young gynophores that form after flowering along the entire length of the stem.

Cleaning

Harvest peanuts before frost. The beans are sorted into ripe and unripe. The very little ones are thrown away. Dried in a dry, ventilated warm room. Store in bags and husk as needed.

When stored cold and humid room beans and seeds are attacked by moldy poisonous microscopic fungi. Average yield of dry seeds in vegetable gardens is 100-150 g / m².

It happens even higher - everything will depend on the cultivation experience. Keep in mind that peanuts lose their germination after 2-3 years.

How to grow peanuts in the country:

Cultivated peanuts (lat.Arachis hypogaea), or underground peanuts, or peanut- a demanded earth crop, which belongs to the genus Peanuts of the legume family. From a botanical point of view, the peanut is not a nut, but a legume. The homeland of the plant is South America, where it already had value in those days when the mainland was not yet discovered by Columbus. Peanuts came to Europe thanks to the Spanish conquistadors, and later the Portuguese brought this crop to Africa, where the nutritional properties of peanuts and their ability to grow on scarce soils were highly appreciated. And after a while, slave traders brought peanuts to North America. In the 1830s, Portuguese sailors brought peanuts to Macau and India, and Spanish sailors to the Philippines. Then the culture came to China and appeared for local population salvation from hunger. In the early 19th century, industrial peanut cultivation began in South Carolina, and this crop fed both armies during the North-South War. Since peanuts were considered the food of the poor, farmers did not seek to cultivate this crop, but in 1903 the American agrochemist George Washington Carver invented over 300 peanut products - drinks, cosmetics, medicines, dyes, printing ink. laundry soap and even a means for exterminating insects ... And since in those years the weevil massively destroyed cotton crops, Carver managed to persuade farmers to alternate the cultivation of soil-depleting cotton with the cultivation of peanuts. As a result, peanuts became the main cash crop of the southern states, and in Dothan, Alabama, grateful Americans erected a monument to Carver.

Today, peanuts in Ukraine, Transcaucasia and other regions of the former USSR with a warm climate are grown on an industrial scale.

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Planting and caring for peanuts (in brief)

• Landing: sowing seeds in open ground - in mid-May.
• Lighting: bright light.
• The soil: moist, light, containing humus, calcium and magnesium, sandy loam or black earth neutral reaction.
• Watering: after the top layer of soil has dried. During flowering - 1-2 times a week in the morning, after flowering watering is moderate, but evening spraying of peanuts is necessary warm water... In drought, sprinkling or furrow irrigation in the aisles is desirable. In a season with normal rainfall, 4-5 waterings will be required.
• Top dressing: complete mineral fertilizer: 1st - when seedlings reach a height of 10 cm; 2nd - at the beginning of fruiting.
• Reproduction: seed.
• Pests: thrips, aphids, caterpillars and wireworms.
• Diseases: amazed powdery mildew, phyllostictosis, alternaria, fusarium wilting and gray rot.

Read more about growing peanuts below.

Peanut plant - description

The cultivated peanut is annual plant up to 70 cm high with highly branched shoots. Its root is also branched, tap-shaped; the stems are erect, pubescent or glabrous, slightly faceted, with lateral branches recumbent or directed upward. Peanut leaves are pubescent, alternate, 3 to 11 cm long, paired, with a grooved petiole and two pairs of pointed elliptical leaves. Peanuts bloom with whitish or yellow-red flowers, collected in 4-7 pieces in short axillary inflorescences. Despite the fact that each peanut flower blooms for only one day, and withers by the evening, the flowering of the whole plant lasts from late June or early July until late autumn. Peanut fruits are oval, swollen two to four-seeded beans with a length of one and a half to six centimeters with a cobweb pattern. Ripening, they lean to the ground, plunge into it and ripen there. Peanut seeds, oblong, the size of a bean, are covered with dark red, light pink, cream or greyish yellow skin. Peanuts ripen in September-October.

Planting peanuts outdoors

How peanuts grow

The cultivation of peanuts is carried out on open areas with intense lighting without the slightest hint of shadow from buildings or other plants. Peanuts grow at temperatures above 20 ºC - if the temperature drops literally by two degrees, plant growth stops. The easiest way to carry out the cultivation of peanuts in Ukraine and in other warm regions is by sowing its seeds in the ground at a time when the acacia is blooming. Peanuts in Russia, especially in areas with a cool climate, are best grown in seedlings.

When to plant peanuts in the ground

Since peanuts can only be planted in warm soil, they do this after sowing melons and gourds, when the ground warms up to 12-14 ºC, which means, not earlier than mid-May. Please note that returnable spring frosts detrimental to peanuts. As seed you can use peanuts bought in a store or market, but not fried, candied or salted.

Then you can plant peanuts

When growing peanuts, it is very important to follow the crop rotation. It grows best after crops such as cabbage, cucumbers, tomatoes and potatoes, especially if organic fertilizers have been applied to these crops. But after legumes (beans, peas, beans, lentils), peanuts are not grown, because the plant can develop root rot.

Soil for peanuts

Soil for peanuts should be moist, light and neutral, with a high content of humus, magnesium and calcium - black soil or sandy loam. The culture does not tolerate saline soils, and acidic soils need to be limed before planting peanuts.

A site for planting peanuts is prepared in advance: for the autumn digging of soil to a depth of 25-30 cm, 1 to 3 kg of humus is introduced for each m² of the area. In the spring, the soil is dug up again, but not so deeply, and 50 g of Nitrofoski is added to the soil for each m² of the plot.

How to plant peanuts

How to plant peanuts? Planting peanuts is carried out in holes 10 cm deep, staggered at a distance of 50 cm from one another. The gap between the rows is left within 25-30 cm.You can sow peanuts in the garden in a square-nesting way according to the scheme 60x60 or 70x70 cm.Peanuts can be planted in a wide-row method, observing the row spacing of 60-70 cm and the distance between plants in a row 15- 20 cm. 3 large seeds are placed in each hole, since the small ones may not sprout. After planting the seeds, the garden bed is watered abundantly with a hose through a shower head under low pressure so as not to erode the soil.

How to grow peanuts

How to grow peanuts in the garden? Caring for peanuts consists in watering the beds during a drought, weeding, loosening the soil and feeding. Young, low seedlings must be protected from weeds. Weeding can be combined with loosening the soil, and vice versa. At the end of flowering, 1.5-2 months after sowing, the growing ovaries will begin to sink to the ground and germinate into the soil, where the peanuts will ripen. As soon as the ovaries begin to bend to the ground, the bushes are covered with moist, loose soil, like potatoes, so that the receptacle can quickly reach the nutrient medium. Instead of hilling, you can sprinkle a layer of mulch from humus, sawdust, sand or peat at least 5 cm thick on the garden bed.On average, 30-50 beans ripen under each bush, each of which contains from 1 to 7 seeds.

Watering peanuts

Ground peanuts love moist but not wet soil. Water it when it dries. upper layer soil. During flowering, it is watered abundantly, once or twice a week in the morning; after flowering, it does not need watering as much as spraying in evening time in a day or two. If it rains during the ripening period, cover the bed with plastic. And in a drought it is best to sprinkle peanuts, but if this is not possible, then water the peanuts along the furrows in the aisles. In total, 4-5 waterings are carried out per season.

Peanut feeding

For the first time, peanuts are fed with a solution of 20 g of ammonium nitrate, 45 g of potassium salt and 70 g of superphosphate in 10 liters of water, when the seedlings reach 10 cm in height. The second time is at the beginning of fruiting, although this top dressing is optional.

Peanuts at home

Choose strong, healthy peanut seeds and soak them overnight in a bowl of water and a drop of Epin. Small white sprouts should appear in the morning. Plant the seeds in loose soil in a wide bowl. Peanuts germinate very quickly, and immediately after flowering, in place of the flowers, hypophores are formed, which, bending, go into the ground, where the peanut beans develop. Did you know that peanuts develop underground? They contain crops of peanuts away from drafts, on the southern windowsill, but at noon the plant needs shading. Water the peanuts regularly, however, be careful not to allow water to stagnate in the roots. Spray the peanuts on hot days to keep them from settling. spider mites... Two and a half or three months after sprouting, the peanut leaves begin to turn red, and this is a sign for you that the peanuts are ripe in the soil.

Pests and diseases of peanuts

Peanuts can be affected by powdery mildew, phyllostictosis, Alternaria blight, Fusarium wilt, and gray mold.

Powdery mildew- the first signs of this disease look like single spots of powdery plaque on both sides of the leaves, which grow with the course of the disease and cover the entire leaf, from which it turns yellow and dries. The disease affects the stems and even the embryos. With a strong infection in the fight against powdery mildew, they resort to processing peanuts systemic fungicides- Bravo, Quadris, Ridomil, Switch, Skor, Topaz or Horus.

Phylostictosis, or leaf spot, not such a harmful disease, but it is necessary to fight it. The onset of the disease can be recognized by small brown specks growing up to 6 mm in diameter. Gradually, their middle fades, the fabric in it dies off, and the border becomes brown-violet. Phyllostictosis progresses during the period high humidity air. Effective in the fight against the disease of treatment of plants with fungicides wide range actions.

Alternaria or black spot of leaves, manifests itself in years when, at the end of the growing season, humid and warm weather sets in for a long time. Black spots up to 15 cm in diameter form at the edges of the leaves, which grow and merge with the development of the disease, which makes the edges of the leaves die off. On the spots, you can see a dense black coating of the fungus. In order to prevent the development of the disease, it is necessary to observe the agricultural technology of the species, which serves to increase the plant's resistance to the pathogen.

Fusarium wilting manifests itself in the form of root rot, which causes the cessation of growth and development of the plant, yellowing of its ground parts and rapid death. The danger of the disease is that it can subside for a while, but during the flowering period and the laying of fruits it develops with new strength, which leads to the death of plants even before harvest. Compliance with agricultural techniques and timely harvesting will help prevent fusarium wilting.

Gray rot usually occurs at the end of peanut flowering and is manifested by rusty-brown spots, which pass from the leaves along the petioles to the stems, which is why their upper part withers and dies. Fruits do not form on the affected plants, and those that have already formed are deformed. The active development of the disease is observed at the end of summer in humid and warm weather. It is possible to prevent the appearance of gray rot only by growing peanuts in a high agricultural background.

Sometimes peanuts can also suffer from dwarfism, dry rot, ramulariasis and cercospora.

Of the pests, peanuts can be annoyed by thrips, aphids and caterpillars, which can be eliminated by sprinkling the garden with a mixture of wood ash and tobacco dust, and peanuts are treated with insectoacaricides from thrips. Worst of all, if the wireworms, the larvae of the click beetle living in the ground, begin to eat the peanuts. Their destructive activity is not even hindered by the fact that peanuts are in their shells - they easily gnaw it and feed on peanut seeds. To destroy wireworms, trap holes are dug in several places, in which pieces of beets, carrots or potatoes are placed. The traps are covered with boards, pieces of slate or metal, and after a while the larvae that have crawled to feed are opened and destroyed.

In order to minimize the risk of pests appearing on the garden bed, observe the crop rotation and agricultural technology of the species, promptly remove weeds from the site.

Cleaning and storage of peanuts

As soon as the peanut leaves turn yellow, scoop up a couple of beans, and if the seeds are easily husked from them, be ready to harvest. Usually, peanuts are harvested when the air temperature is consistently within 10 ºC. Do not delay harvesting until the cold weather, because after the soil freezes, the seeds acquire bitterness and become unsuitable for food. Wait for a fine sunny day and start cleaning. A pitchfork is used to dig up the fruit. After being removed from the ground, the beans are separated from the stems and dried for fresh air in the shadow. When the shells are dry, transfer the beans to cloth bags and store in a dry, well-ventilated place with a temperature of no more than 10 ºC.

Types and varieties of peanuts

There are more than 70 types of peanuts in the Legumes family. Several species are grown in South America, but outside this continent only two species are cultivated - cultivated peanuts and Pinto peanuts. Great amount cultivars of peanuts are conventionally divided into four groups:

Spanish group (Spanish varieties)

- these small peanuts are grown in South Africa as well as the southeast and southwest of the United States. The Spanish type of peanut is characterized by a higher oil content than other types of peanuts. Spanish peanuts have medium-sized kernels in a pink-brown shell, which are used mainly for the production of peanut butter, candied and salted nuts. The largest suppliers of Spanish peanuts are Texas and Oklahoma. The best varieties of Spanish type peanuts include Dixie Spanish, Spantex, Argentinean, Spanet, Natal ordinary, Star, Comet, Spenhoma, Florispan, Spankromm, Tamspan 90, O "Lin, Spenco, Wilco, White Kernel, Shafers Spanish and others.

Valencia Group

represents varieties for the most part with large kernels. These are tall plants, reaching a height of 125 cm, with three-seeded smooth fruits. The seeds are oval, in a bright red shell, for which they are often called red-skinned (redskin). This group is a Spanish subgroup.

Runner Group

- the varieties of this group are superior in taste to the varieties of the Spanish type, in addition, the Runner is better fried and gives more high yields... The kernels of the Runner varieties are large and oblong. They are used for the production of peanut butter and salted nuts for beer. The best varieties Runner groups are Dixie Runner, Early Runner, Virginia Bunch 67, Bradford Runner, Egyptian Giant, North Carolina Runner 56-15, Georgia Green, Fragrant Runner 458, Southeast Runner 56-15 and others.

Virginia group

- these selected, large peanuts are fried in shell and used for confectionery. The best varieties of the Virginia group are Shulamite, Hull, Wilson, Gregory, Virginia 98R, Perry, Virginia 92R, North Carolina 7, North Carolina 9 and others.

Peanut properties - harm and benefit

What are the benefits of peanuts? To understand the benefits of peanuts, you need to study its composition. Peanuts contain linoleic, pantothenic and folic acids, vegetable fats, glutenins, easily digestible proteins, starch, sugars, vitamins A, E, D, PP, B1 and B2, iron, macronutrients magnesium, phosphorus and potassium. Its fruit contains antioxidants, which makes peanuts, along with strawberries, pomegranate, blackberries and red wine, one of the most effective means prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Peanut proteins have an optimal ratio of amino acids, and this is the reason for their excellent assimilation by the human body. The fats contained in peanuts have a mild choleretic effect, which is useful for gastritis and stomach ulcers. Folic acid promotes cell renewal in the body, and a large number of antioxidants protects cells from free radicals and serves as prevention of vascular ischemia, heart disease, early aging, atherosclerosis and the formation of cancer cells.

Peanuts have a calming effect on people with increased excitability, helps to recuperate faster, improves memory, increases potency, enhances sexual desire, eliminates insomnia.

Due to their high protein content, peanuts increase the feeling of fullness, which is why nutritionists often use them as the basis of weight loss diets. What peanuts do not contain is cholesterol.

Peanuts - contraindications

Anyone, even the most useful product, if used in exorbitant quantities, it can be harmful, therefore, in the use of peanuts, one must observe the measure, especially for those who are overweight. The harm of peanuts can affect people prone to allergies, especially if they are consumed together with peanuts containing strong allergens.

Arthritis and arthrosis are also contraindications to the use of peanuts. We recommend that you monitor the quality of the product, as moldy or rancid peanuts can lead to food poisoning.

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