- not only material with very high rates heat preservation, durable, durable, but also high-quality, convenient building structure, allowing literally within a few days to complete the construction of the structure on a prepared basis. At the same time, the assembly of houses can be carried out without the use of special equipment, manually, by the efforts of just a few people.

For the construction of houses from SIP panels, a foundation must be equipped. Since the design is quite lightweight, the following are most often used:

• columnar foundation;
• reinforced concrete strip structure;
• pile screw foundation.

The latter option is the most profitable, since it is ideal for building houses on any soil, it guarantees no problems with soil swelling during freezing. The pile foundation is created very quickly when applied special equipment, but can also be mounted manually.

House building technique

We will assume that the assembly of houses from self-supporting insulated wire panels is carried out according to a pre-developed construction project supplied with instructions. In this case, the constructions are supplied ready-made, the right sizes, with openings of doors and windows. This is the most common option chosen by zealous owners. In this case, there are no time delays, the SIP elements of the walls are guaranteed to interface with each other.

If the owner of the future house from SIP panels prefers to act completely independently, according to the project documentation, the necessary elements are prepared. Assembly "live", when, after the installation of one element, the preparation of the next one only begins, it practically does not occur.

Start of construction

The beginning of the construction of houses from SIP constructs - assembly of the base located on the foundation. Usually it is a bar structure. The assembly is carried out in several stages:

• the strapping of the perimeter of the future house is being formed;
• intermediate crossbeams (in the longitudinal direction) are installed and fixed, which rest on the posts or pillars of the foundation.

We will assume that according to the construction technology, it is planned to assemble the floor of the first floor from SIP panels. This not only speeds up the production of work, but also avoids overspending of the timber. This approach has its drawbacks, but it is used very often.

First floor flooring

Instructions for assembling the floor of the first floor from SIP panels are as follows:

• the first SIP panel is laid in the transverse direction, along the short dimension of the foundation. The size of the element is chosen so that when placed at the end of the strapping board, the overall size corresponds to the foundation;
• it is possible to connect the panels to each other according to the thorn-groove system. Today, it is allowed to assemble a floor up to 6 meters along the length of the panel, however, there are solutions with increased strength, allowing a size of 15 meters;
• if the assembly must guarantee maximum strength, it is worth laying an intermediate connecting bar or board between the self-supporting insulated wire panels;
• after laying the surface around the perimeter of the finished floor, a strapping board is installed, which increases the strength.

All connections are foamed during assembly. The panels are interconnected with self-tapping screws, the lower surface of the floor of houses made of self-supporting insulated wire structures is waterproofed using bituminous mastic... If intermediate boards or beams were used, they are also attached with self-tapping screws to the strapping board. very simple, in practice all the work is done in a few hours.

Assembling the walls of the first floor

The main thing with which the instructions for installing the self-supporting insulated wire panels of the first floor of houses begin is the installation of a guide, a beam of 100 mm. It is bolted to the foundation, with anchor bolts, right through the floor structures where the walls will be placed.

This work must be carried out with the utmost care to ensure that even with inaccuracies in the cutting of wall elements, the general direction of the SIP panels will be respected. The correctness of the installation of the timber is checked according to the instructions for the project and using templates.

The assembly is carried out in the following order:

• going to the corner of the first floor. First, one SIP panel is installed. Attaches securely to the guide bar. The accuracy of the installation is constantly checked;
• the second SIP panel is mounted at a right angle. The connection with the first is thoroughly foamed. The accuracy of the angle must be ideal - it will set the direction and be responsible for the accuracy of the placement of the rest of the SIP constructs;
• the assembly of the walls of the houses - the installation of subsequent SIP panels - is carried out using the thorn-groove system. The elements are attached to the guide bar and connected to each other with self-tapping screws.

The technology for assembling the first floor from SIP panels is also simple. More control and attention will be required, but the work is not difficult. When connecting the self-supporting insulated wire elements of the wall of the house at oblique angles, the direction and real dimensions of each construct will help to determine either the instructions for the project, or the laid guide bar.

The assembly of the first floor is completed by foaming the perimeter along the top and installing the strapping board panels into the technological groove. It gives additional strength to the entire structure of self-supporting insulated wire elements and will work as a place for attaching the upper structures.

Second and subsequent floors

The assembly technology of the second floor is no different from the first. The floor is laid, while the SIP constructs are fastened with long self-tapping screws to the strapping board located at the end of the walls of the first floor. If you follow such instructions, the floor will work as a means of ensuring the strength of the entire structure, tying all the walls together.

Roof

If the roof is assembled from SIP panels, it will not need rafters and other structural elements that are designed to provide strength. In practice, a support bar is laid - a Mauerlat, located along the perimeter of the future roof. It is screwed to the top floor strapping board.

The laying technology also does not provide for special difficulties:

• the gables are being assembled. The process is similar to the installation of the first SIP panel on the first floor - everything must be done carefully, the element is attached to the Mauerlat;
• a support ridge bar is installed between the two gables at the top;
• SIP panels are laid on the Mauerlat and the ridge beam and bolted to them.

The technology for assembling the roof surface is similar to that for the first floor. Although SIP panels have sufficient strength, it is recommended to use a jointing board when constructing the roof in order to guarantee good rigidity and high resistance to wind gusts.

Conclusion

It was not possible to find anything complicated in the technology of assembling a house from self-supporting insulated wire structures. The technique is simple, it only requires accuracy and care. All joints should be foamed, after assembly, all gaps between SIP panels larger than 3 mm are coated with waterproof polymer glue, which guarantees high performance of the structure.

Assembly internal partitions from SIP panels of smaller thickness is also not difficult and is made according to the instructions for the walls - using a guide bar, controlling the installation at an exact angle, and also carefully foaming all joints. The instructions do not provide for the use of a connecting board between individual SIP elements. The strength of the tongue-and-groove system is more than enough for interior partitions.

Construction of a full-fledged house based on SIP panels

If you have been looking for the best opportunity to build warm house without spending a fortune, consider the process of building home ownership from SIP panels. Pricing for the purchase of materials for the construction of a "box" measuring 10 * 10 square meters, excluding finishing materials- about 17-20 thousand US dollars. In doing so, take into account the fact that additional insulation no building is required in your case.

SIP panel - characteristics and properties

Building houses from vulture panels began in the 2nd half of the 20th century in Canada. Technological methods of such construction are very simple, the construction of buildings will require a relatively small amount of time, a little time (two weeks). The time spent on construction depends on the chosen project and the degree of its complexity. Only a frame-type house can be cheaper than this method.

A house made of vulture panels, based on its structure, has a sufficient level of strength. In English, the panels are called SIP, which is essentially a construction abbreviation: Structural Insulated Panel. The translation of this abbreviation has the following content "Constructive Insulated Panel". Based on this, the Russian variation of the abbreviated name KTP. In reality, the replacement of the Latin alphabet with the Cyrillic alphabet is used. As a result, we have the name "SIP-panel".

This material is formed from a pair of OSB boards, between which a polystyrene foam layer is located. In the end, we have something like a sandwich. Hence another name for the board material came from - a sandwich panel.

House of vulture panels

A house from vulture panels can be built in two ways:

With the construction of the frame base. When building a private house, you can take a timber beam as a basis, when building high-rise buildings, the frame is most often steel.

With this technology, the panels are connected using a bar of various diameters.

Frameless reception implies the connection of self-supporting insulated wire using thermal dowels - inserts from panels of small thickness.

In our country, the first option has gained the greatest popularity over the years. The wood frame is able to give the structure additional strength. The load-bearing function of sandwich panels, even without the use of a frame, is enough for the construction of one-two-story houses in the private sector. But the realization that the foundation of the house is timber somehow calms the inhabitants. This technology has one more advantage, namely maintainability. If difficulties arise, you can dismantle the damaged panels and replace them with new ones.

Houses made of vulture panels for permanent residence

Advantages and disadvantages of self-supporting insulated wire panels

Like every technology that is progressive for our environment, the construction of buildings from SIP panels has a whole circle of opponents and adherents. For opponents, the fundamental argument is considered - the unnaturalness of the raw materials used, the likelihood of pollution of the environment with harmful substances. Really, this material consist of OSB and regular foam. Polyfoam is a very standard material and is only dangerous when burning. OSB has also been on the market for a long time, it is produced from compressed coarse shavings. Formaldehyde-based resinous compounds are added as binding elements. This is actually what causes all the complaints: formaldehyde is a poison and its presence in the atmosphere can cause poisoning.

The percentage of formaldehyde presence is regulated by such a structure as a SES (sanitary and epidemiological station); exceptionally safe materials must be supplied for sale. So, if you want to build a house of their SIP panels, you should choose the manufacturer more often. Recognized as the highest quality OSB slabs, by Egger, which is located in Germany. Their formaldehyde emission is E1 (safe level).

Glunz Agepan panels are also a good option, but they are used very little in our country. If we are talking about Russian companies, we advise you to refer your eyes to the products of the Kaleval company.

In the manufacturing process, exclusively safe and reliable materials are used:

1. OSB-3 Kalevala emission class E1;
2. Glue - TOP-UR (Russia);
3. Expanded polystyrene –25C Knauf (RF).

Any part of the building is tailored to fit certain panels.

Why do many people choose SIP panels during construction?

Since such a house made of vulture panels has a number of solid advantages:

Low weight of the structure, which means that you can save on work on the construction of the foundation. Pile foundations are suitable for these buildings.

Low heat loss, reduced heating costs. Expanded polystyrene is an excellent insulation, sandwiched on both sides by sheets. This circumstance makes the house very warm.

Low price per square meter.

Not long terms of production. The box of a house on 2 floors can be piled up in a month.

Complete absence of any shrinkage. Only the foundation has a draft.

Finishing can be done immediately after collection.

In general, all of the above circumstances force people to make a choice in the direction of houses made of sandwich panels. They build houses for both permanent residence and seasonal residence. Proceeding from which, even with a very limited budget, it is possible to build houses from vulture panels, and successfully.

We carry out construction with our own hands

We build a house from vulture panels with our own hands in the following ways, there are two of them:

We purchase a house kit for a clearly specified project in a company that implements given view works, and we will collect it personally. Not all companies can agree to this, but most have an installation service from the manufacturer.

Purchase slabs. Cut to the size you need, and then buy a bar, we do all this ourselves. In this case, the responsibility for the level of quality will fall only on you. If you have carpentry skills or you have relatives who are ready to tell you, you can redistribute with this option.

Let's talk briefly about what a home kit is. This is nothing more than ready-made, coupled with wooden beams the required size and fasteners required for the construction. All building ingredients are numbered in a specific way. At the time of assembly, you connect the blocks in a pre-approved order. The whole process is similar to standard construction from a constructor, only in real.

Domkomplekt is especially beneficial if all the details are accurate.

Construction of houses from vulture panels

Construction stages

To build a house from vulture panels, as in other things and usual, we begin with the selection of the type of foundation and its direct construction. The optimum for houses made of vulture panels with moderate lightness is considered to be a foundation made of piles. It is he who is used in most examples of SIP technologies.

Sometimes it is not possible to erect a sway foundation in a specific area due to:

• hard soils, due to expensive drilling (rocks);
• on unstable soils with reduced load resistance (peat bogs);
• in the presence of cavities.

How the foundation is arranged - you can proceed to the construction and assembly of panels.

Below we list the pros and cons of using the technology for building houses from SIP panels.

Advantages:

• due to the high heat-saving characteristics of the enclosing structures.
• More useful area- due to the small thickness of the walls, you can get 15-20% more usable area.
• Expedited installation of the box at home (1-2 weeks).
• No need for an expensive foundation (enough, for example, installed in 1 day).
• Savings on heavy lifting equipment can significantly reduce construction costs.
• You can build houses all year round- they do not shrink, so finishing work can be started immediately after assembly.
• The assembly technology is simple, you can even build a house from a self-supporting insulated panel with your own hands - this is within the power of anyone who follows the instructions and knows how to hold a screwdriver and a saw in their hands.

disadvantages

• A small thermal inertia of the enclosing structures is characteristic of any frame houses.
• The high price of the material - however, this is more than offset by savings in foundation costs and a reduction in construction time.
• Fencing structures do not breathe, and, therefore, an effective device is needed - this drawback is also inherent in all frame houses.
• The combustibility of the enclosing structures - but it is not higher than that of any wooden structures.
• The release of harmful substances during combustion - indeed, when the expanded polystyrene melts, styrene is released with a specific sweetish odor. At a concentration of more than 600 ppm in the air (1 ppm = 4.26 mg / m3), it is dangerous to humans. But the smell of styrene becomes intolerable even at concentrations above 200 ppm, and this is an unequivocal signal for an urgent evacuation.
• It lends itself to rodents - although these animals are bred anywhere, there are cases when, in search of food, rats gnawed even concrete.

There are also cheaper products on the market with 9 mm thick linings, but they are only suitable for walls and partitions of small one-story buildings.

Differences between the factory SIP panel

1. Inaccurate geometry. The displacement of the covers relative to each other, the rhomboid or trapezoidal shape of the panel can be easily identified using a square and a tape measure.
2. The use of low-quality OSB with low moisture resistance. Liberally wet the surface of the panel for an hour or two. If the chips begin to flake off, you have a defective product in front of you.
3. Low bond strength. This is perhaps the main feature of semi-handicraft goods. You can check the product only by tearing one of the covers from the insulation. Quality panel it breaks not along the seam, but along the foam sheet.
4. Execution of the middle part of the panel from fragments of expanded polystyrene plates. To reduce the amount of waste, artisanal enterprises start up trimming insulation, which negatively affects both strength and thermal insulation properties. The joints of the expanded polystyrene plates can be easily seen at the ends of the panels.

Step-by-step construction of a house from SIP panels

Foundation

Firms that are engaged in the construction of houses from SIP panels recommend doing that fully meets the concept of a prefabricated building. Piles for a house with an area of ​​up to 150 m² can be assembled in two to three days, and with the help of a special installation - in one day; assembling the grillage from a channel or timber strapping also does not take much time.

The force of frost heaving is many times greater than the load from light walls made of SIP panels. In such conditions, pile and insulated shallow foundations work best.

(their most common diameter is 108 mm, length - 2.5 and 3 m) are located under the outer and inner capital walls, as well as crossbars (they are needed to reduce the spans of beams) with a step of 1.5–2 m. Such a base leads well itself on heaving soils and practically does not settle under light walls - provided that the depth of the laying was not determined randomly, but as a result of a trial screwing with measurement of the force: the blades of the piles must rest on dense layers of soil.

To serve for more than 50 years, you need to purchase piles of steel with a thickness of at least 4 mm with cast tips, which resist corrosion much better than welded ones; after installation, they should be filled with concrete. One support, taking into account the installation, will cost 2,400-2,700 rubles, that is, the cost of a foundation for a house with dimensions of 8 × 10 m will not exceed 100 thousand rubles. True, finishing the basement will require additional costs: you will have to fill in cement-bonded or glass-magnesite sheets (under tiles or stone cladding) or decorative panels on the frame.

The main alternative to the pile-screw foundation is the shallow-buried tape, traditional for suburban construction, 0.3–0.4 m wide and 0.6–0.8 m high. pile, but the construction time will increase by at least 3 weeks. The guarantee of reliability strip foundation- a properly executed reinforcing cage, it should be designed in accordance with SP 63.13330.2012 (the main requirements are the presence of at least two reinforcing belts and a reinforcement coefficient of at least 0.1%). The base of this foundation cannot be erected on heterogeneous soils with quicksand. Lightweight is best suited for swampy areas with highly heaving and weakly bearing soils. The slab is poured over a sand and gravel drainage pad, a layer of extruded polystyrene foam with a thickness of at least 100 mm and a waterproofing substrate. The minimum thickness of the slab is 200 mm, and it must be reinforced with a two-level frame made of a bar with a diameter of 12 mm or more. To protect the walls from water (mainly thawed), a reinforced concrete plinth with a height of 0.3–0.5 m should be erected along the contour of the slab. It is advisable to insulate the blind area and the plinth with EPS sheets 50 mm thick.

It is advisable to strengthen the foundation of steel piles with a grillage from a channel or I-beam. The grillage random beams must be welded to each other and, in addition, welded to the piles. Metal parts must be protected from corrosion and insulated from the wooden trim with roll waterproofing.

When installing a floating strip foundation, it makes no sense to go deep into clay soil - it is better to build up the above-ground part, which will serve as a basement. The reinforcement cage should be knitted with galvanized wire. The joints must be strong and durable, because the frame must work as a whole throughout the entire life of the foundation.

Walls

Despite the fact that the technology is considered unified, each company and even a team has its own methods of assembling enclosing structures - successful and not very successful.

For construction, products are required, both standard and custom sizes- lintels over openings, piers, roof elements, etc. Large companies with their own production line carry out cutting only in the factory. Small firms and "autonomous" crews often cut out the desired fragments on site using a circular saw and a foam trowel (using this tool, grooves are selected around the perimeter of the panels). With this method, there is a high risk of violation of the geometric dimensions of rooms and openings, the appearance of gaps at the joints of parts.

Construction technology provides for the installation of a hidden frame, the parts of which are inserted into the grooves of the panels. For the frame, select chamber-drying sawn timber impregnated with an antiseptic composition should be used, and for floor beams it is advisable to use either a wooden I-beam. Alas, sometimes unfinished products are used, which can warp, which will lead to the appearance of cracks and deformation of walls and ceilings. The joint between panels and frame elements is always sealed with polyurethane foam. However, some crews are used to assembling racks from two boards, simply pulling them together with self-tapping screws without any sealing of the seam. At the same time, a beam of 150 × 100 mm can be installed in the corners. It seems that this should increase the strength of the box at home, but in practice, such a solution only guarantees freezing of the corner in the harsh winter.

SIP panels allow to erect buildings of complex configuration - with oblique corners and bay windows. True, this increases labor costs and the amount of waste, and therefore the cost of 1 m2 of house area.

Roof

An attic or semi-attic floor can be erected using SIP panels or using traditional technology with insulation mineral wool or other materials.

Sometimes you can hear that a roofing cake based on SIP panels is more resistant to moisture (after all, expanded polystyrene has an extremely low water absorption). However, the constant presence of moisture (which may seep through roof covering or come from below in the form of steam) leads to the destruction of the panel covers (OSB). In addition, at temperatures above 80 ° C, the process of thermal destruction of expanded polystyrene begins.

Therefore, a ventilation gap must be provided between the SIP panels and the roofing material. You cannot do without a vapor barrier layer from the side of the premises, as well as a ventilated ridge.

The load-bearing part of the roof made of SIP panels includes a ridge beam, purlins (load-bearing beams parallel to the ridge) and layered rafters, the function of which is performed by the beams between the panels. Installed panels covered with a continuous carpet of roll vapor-permeable waterproofing, then the lathing is mounted, to which the roofing is attached (for example, profiled steel sheets) or another layer of OSB, which serves as the basis for flexible bituminous shingles.

Only forced system supply and exhaust with heat recovery, which will provide zonal air exchange. The main element of such a system is a recovery unit. For a cottage with an area of ​​about 120 m 2, where a family of three or four people lives, an installation with a capacity of 180-250 m 3 / h is sufficient, the price of which will be 60-250 thousand rubles. depending on the design and manufacturer. The cost of the system with installation varies between 350-700 thousand rubles. without taking into account the cost of creating hidden cavities for laying ventilation ducts.

SIP panels finishing

From the inside, walls made of SIP panels in the overwhelming majority of cases are sheathed with plasterboard, the sheets of which can be attached directly to the internal OSB. The cladding is made two-layer, providing channels for electrical wiring in the first layer (cables must be placed in protective corrugated pipes or PVC boxes). At the traditional way installation of gypsum board (using lathing made of rails or steel) pipes and cables are laid in cavities under the sheathing.

Outside is most often mounted curtain facade... In addition, plastering is possible, but in order to avoid the appearance of cracks, it is advisable to use the technology of a wet facade, with wooden planks, composite panels.

Structural insulating panels (SIP) are used for the construction of frame low-rise residential, public and domestic buildings. Residential 2 of them are being built storey cottages with attics, garages, summer cottages, warehouses, cafes, small shops and office buildings. For some reason, such technologies in Russia are called Canadian, although they have nothing to do with this country. The author of the idea is an engineer from the United States, Frank Lloyd Wright, who developed the design in the 30s of the XX century. composite panel with honeycomb fillers. Lightweight and cheap designs immediately attracted the attention of enterprising American manufacturers of building materials, which began their mass production.

What are SIP panels for building a house?

After constant improvements, an optimal design was created, which is most widespread in Russia, America and Europe. This is a kind of sandwich of 2 OSB-3 (oriented strand boards) with a PSB-25 insulation glued between them (a slab of suspension pressless self-extinguishing expanded polystyrene).

Plates can be made of various materials: steel, aluminum, asbestos cement. But the term SIP assumes the use in the production of SIP panels exterior cladding from sheets with wood products:

• oriented strand board made of large-sized shavings (most often pine), bonded under conditions high temperatures and pressure with waterproof resins. The arrangement of chips in the outer layers is longitudinal, and in the inner layers - transverse. The number of layers is 3, less often - 4. OSB 3 is manufactured for use in conditions high humidity at high mechanical loads, therefore more expensive than other varieties;
• fibreboard with the content of wood fibers and Portland cement M500 in a ratio of 60 to 40;
• moisture resistant plywood;
• gypsum fiber sheets;
• drywall.

The following materials are used as insulation in the manufacture of SIP panels:

• foamed polystyrene foam;
• polyurethane foam;
• basalt mineral wool;
• fiberglass.

Integration into a monolithic structure is carried out by cold gluing with polyurethane adhesives using a press that creates a pressure of up to 18 tons.

Reliable waterproofing is provided by waterproof processing of sheets in the factory.

After gluing, the products are placed on special tables, where they are cut to the required dimensions. Then, along the perimeter of the part, grooves are sampled for laying the connecting bars or boards. The indents from the edges of the OSB are taken from 25 to 100 mm, depending on the section of the elements that will be laid in the grooves for fixing the structure during the construction of the building.

SIP panels dimensions

The sizes of products are determined by their purpose - for walls, floors, floors, roofs. The basic structures are those used for the construction of vertical structures of buildings.

Standard products are produced in the following dimensions in mm:

• length - 2500 ... 2800;
• width - 625 ... 1250;
• thickness - 124, 174 and 224.

Main advantages and disadvantages

Any construction technology has its own advantages and disadvantages. Buildings constructed using self-supporting insulated wire have the following advantages:

1. Durability ≥ 60 years, due to the strength of the material with long-term preservation of geometric stability.
2. Mechanical strength, well withstand longitudinal loads up to 10 tons per m2 and transverse loads up to 2 tons.
3. High seismic resistance, tested in laboratory conditions for destructive earthquakes.
4. Light weight, on average sq. m weighs 15 ... 20 kg. Therefore, there is no need to erect expensive powerful foundations. They are easy to transport and unload.
5. Installation of self-supporting insulated wire panels is distinguished by the simplicity of work that does not require special equipment, heavy lifting equipment and high qualifications of the performer.
6. Houses practically do not shrink, which makes it possible to carry out finishing immediately after the completion of installation work.
7. Environmental friendliness and safety of buildings for human health. Formaldehyde resins, which are part of the adhesive components, emit harmful volatile compounds in small quantities. But their concentration is not dangerous, which is confirmed by the relevant sanitary standards(sanitary safety corresponds to class E1).
8. Good heat and sound insulation performance.
9. Resistant to aggressive external influences, including biological (fungal or mold damage).
10. High factory readiness and ease of assembly with the absence of wet processes allow you to build a house from SIP panels at any time of the year, regardless of weather conditions, in the shortest possible time.
11. Fire resistance provided by quality processing with fire retardants in the factory. Foamed polystyrene foam is a self-extinguishing material, so the spread of fire to nearby structures does not occur even in open fire conditions.
12. Affordable cost.

Cons:

• the need for an efficiently operating supply and exhaust ventilation system to remove condensate from the joints of the frame with the plates;
• common to all frame structures low thermal inertness of the load-bearing structures of the fence.

You can often come across an opinion about the danger of small rodents entering the house. This is based on the existing attractiveness of foams for rodents to build their burrows in it. But it must be borne in mind that the insulation is reliably protected from all sides by OSB sheets, and interpanel seams covered with antiseptic boards or bars.

There is also an opinion about environmental hazard and flammability. One can only agree with this when purchasing low-grade counterfeit products. Therefore, you should buy products only from trusted manufacturers who have earned prestige in the building materials market, and with the obligatory presence of quality certificates. It is recommended to order products directly from factories or dealers with a good reputation. Products of the concerns Egger and Glunz are distinguished by consistently high quality. You can also note the quality of the products of the following companies:

• house-building plant "Bauen House";
• construction company "EcoEuroDom";
• panel house factory "Hotwell";
• the enterprise "Building Together";
• company "SIP Atelier".

Do-it-yourself construction of a house from SIP panels

Composition and sequence of operations:

1. Foundation construction. Most often, pile-grillage, columnar-tape, slab or belt structures shallow laying. The work is carried out according to the traditional method.
2. Device bottom strapping and gender. On top of the foundation structure, horizontal waterproofing is performed from 2 layers of waterproofing glued using bitumen-containing mastics. The timber is laid along the perimeter of the building under the future walls and load-bearing partitions. Fastening to the foundation is carried out with anchor bolts in the holes pre-drilled in the tree, two anchors are placed in the corners, intermediate - with a step of 1.5 ... 2 m. dense wood. The harness will also be the basis for the location of the floor logs, on which a regular wooden floor is laid. Laying of the strapping of the guide boards on the timber, the section is selected depending on the size of the panels. The boards are fastened in increments of about 40 cm with self-tapping screws.
3. Assembly of self-supporting insulated wire panels. Installation starts in the installation in the first corner of the 2 panels. It is important that an even vertical angle is ensured, the evenness of the laying of all other elements will directly depend on this. Before installation on the guide board, the lower grooves are foamed, fastening to the board is made with self-tapping screws with a pitch of 15 cm. The joint of wall products is made “in a thorn-groove” on racks from a bar made from a factory from kiln-dried sawn timber. Before joining the panels together, the vertical grooves are also foamed, fixing with self-tapping screws every 50 cm. The verticality of the installation of the parts is controlled building level... All other panels are mounted in the same way.
4. Installation of the upper strapping bar. Foaming the upper grooves and fixing the strapping with self-tapping screws.
5. Cutting out window openings, the operation can be done in advance, which will be more convenient. The holes made are reinforced along the contour with bars.
6. Installation of floor beams with the laying of vulture panels.
7. Roof installation. If a conventional rafter roof is being built from vulture panels, then the grooves will serve as the support for the rafters. Fastening to the rafters of the sheathing and laying the roofing material. If necessary, the attic is insulated.
8. Layout of engineering communications.
9. Finishing work. The evenness of the walls greatly simplifies the decoration, and any fasteners of finishing materials (lining, siding, blockhouse, drywall, porcelain stoneware, wallpaper or natural stone) are securely held in the sip-plates.

The cost of prefabricated self-supporting insulated wire from high-quality raw materials is high, for example, a 224 mm thick panel with dimensions of 2.5 by 1.25 m from 12 mm OSB costs ≥ 3500 rubles. The production technology is not complicated, so you can make a vulture panel with your own hands at home. To carry out the work, you will need a small closed room (garage for a car, shed or utility room).

Selection and purchase of the necessary materials

The following materials will be required:

1. 12 mm OSB-3 sheets. Each product will need two sheets. It is important to have a hygienic certificate indicating the emission class of formaldehyde E1.
2. High-quality expanded polystyrene plates PSB-S-25 (35) with dimensions in the dimensions of self-supporting insulated wire with a thickness for external wall panels 15 ... 20 cm.
3. Non-toxic one-component polyurethane adhesive, about 0.2 kg per sq. m of surface. The glue should be environmentally friendly, without the release of harmful components during polymerization, and withstand well the temperature drops possible in your climatic zone... The features of the glue and the conditions for its use are indicated on the packaging, you can consult with the sales assistant, explaining to him what the adhesive will be used for. TOP-UR 15 have proven themselves well; Macroplast UR 7229, Kleiberit 502.8.
4. Fire retardants and antiseptics for additional processing of finished panels.

It is impossible to save on the purchase of cheap materials, as this will directly affect the durability and quality of finished products.

Equipment and tools

The gluing of the self-supporting insulated wire must be carried out under pressure, in industrial conditions this value is 18 tons. You can make a simple press yourself.

Scope of work:

• making a solid base from rolled profiles or shaped pipes a size slightly exceeding the dimensions of the panels;
• fastening of vertical posts made of 50 mm profile pipes along the perimeter of the side sides of the base with a step of 0.5..1 m. The height of the posts should allow laying 4 ... 5 panels under a press, pressing them down with the upper frame and installing jacks. The top of the outer pillars is equipped with fastening steel clamps, into which it will be possible to lay cross-members from 50 mm profile pipes;
• assembly of the upper frame from shaped pipes, hinged on top to the racks located on one of the lateral sides. For uniform transmission of pressure to the plates, the frame is welded from longitudinal and transverse elements with a pitch of 50 cm. For easy lifting and lowering of the frame, a small manual winch is used;
• you will need two small hydraulic car jack carrying capacity ≥ 2 t.

If manufacturing is difficult (fastening elements for welding) or the number of planned products is small, then you can use vacuum pressing.

Structure composition:

• sturdy table or workbench (dimensions as for a press) with side posts for fixing the position of the sheets (2 posts on each side are enough);
• durable cover made of awning fabrics, hermetically glued with Cosmofen SA-12 glue. The dimensions of the cover should allow covering the stack of panels with its tight fixation along the perimeter;
• Vacuum pump;
• supply hoses.

After pumping out the air, a pressure of ≥ 1000 kg per m2 can be generated.

From the tools, you will need a spray bottle or a notched trowel to evenly apply the glue.

Sequence of work

1. Laying on the base of the OSB sheet.
2. Marking the position of expanded polystyrene, taking into account the necessary grooves for laying bars or frame boards during the construction of a building. Vertically, the gap from the edge of the sheets is from 2.5 to 5 cm, 25 mm is enough at the top and bottom. Because adhesives dry very quickly (≤ 10 minutes), it is recommended to immediately mark about 10 sheets. Lines are drawn with a marker or a simple pencil.
3. Trim the styrofoam to size.
4. Applying glue to OSB with thorough coverage of the entire area.
5. Installation of foam with light pressure for a tight fit.
6. Applying glue to the foam.
7. The overlay of the top sheet of OSB. Work must be done carefully, but quickly so that the glue does not have time to set.
8. Then the process is repeated until a stack of 5 panels is ready.
9. Pressing products. If a homemade press of the design described above is used, then the upper frame is lowered onto the stack. Then, cross-members are laid in the clamps of the racks and jacks installed between the frame and cross-members are created required pressure... The piston outlet of the jacks must be the same. If the vacuum method is used, then the pressure is created by pumping air out of a well and hermetically sealed cover. The holding time of products under pressure is about an hour.
10. Cleaning jacks, lifting the upper frame or dismantling the shelter from the cover. The panels are transferred to a flat surface and stacked. In this position, they are kept for at least a day to strengthen the adhesive bond.
11. The following product stacks are made in the same way.

As you can see, the manufacturing process is quite simple, and the products will cost at least 2 times cheaper than factory designs. Careful adherence to technology and the use of quality materials will guarantee good quality.

Sandwich panels were invented not so long ago, but very quickly occupied their niche in the construction field. Houses made of vulture panels are gaining more and more popularity, and there are a great many reasons for this, starting with the fact that the material protects well from the cold, ending with colossally short installation times. It is clear that everyone wants to move to their own home as soon as possible, but developers sometimes announce unreasonably high prices for their services. The way out of this situation suggests itself - why not build a house from vulture panels with your own hands?

What is sip panel: material characteristics

Sip panels, also known as sandwich panels, appeared in Europe about 50 years ago, but they hit the domestic market relatively recently. Their design is very simple: between two wooden plates there is a layer of polystyrene foam. It plays the role of heat and sound insulation. The thickness of the "filling" varies depending on the purpose of the panels.

The main factors influencing the choice of panel thickness are the type of building (summer or winter), the type of wall (external or internal) and the climatic conditions of the area. Styrofoam is protected on both sides OSB boards made from pressed wood shavings.

The panels are attached to each other without gaps, which eliminates cold bridges and increases thermal insulation characteristics. Tight connections are provided by special grooves into which wooden dowels are inserted. The panels have standard width at 125 cm, 250 cm and 280 cm.

Advantages of sip panels

Frame houses made of vulture panels have gained popularity all over the world for a reason. This building material has a lot of advantages and benefits compared to traditional products: bricks, reinforced concrete slabs, blocks, etc.

Unfortunately, it has not yet been possible to invent an impeccable building material that would not have a single drawback. Sip panels are no exception, but its shortcomings can be attributed to the peculiarities of operation rather than to serious mistakes.

Opponents of sip panels (yes, there are some) argue that they are highly flammable and generally unsuitable for building houses. However, often fires occur inside, and there panel walls are sheathed with non-combustible drywall, so the risk of such a building flaring up like a match is minimized.

There is also a legend that mice and other rodents like to settle in vulture panels, but no one has provided actual confirmation of this so far. The issue of environmental friendliness is also especially acute, but it also comes to naught if we remember that many products (meat, fish, poultry, sweets) are often packed in polystyrene foam containers.

Some argue that the walls made of panels do not protect against noise, but if we take into account the fact that life in a private house excludes the existence of neighbors behind the walls, from below and above, then there is nowhere much noise to come from. In addition, the exterior and interior finishes increase the acoustic performance.

The only truly justified nuance of using sandwich panels is the arrangement of ventilation. Since the elements are fitted close to each other, completely blank walls are obtained that do not allow air to pass through. For this reason, at the stage of creating a project for houses from vulture panels, the laying of the ventilation system is immediately taken into account.

Foundation selection

As we said, panel houses do not need a massive, expensive foundation, however, mistakes in organizing this issue are quite common. This is because it is necessary to take into account not only the low weight of the box at home, but also the properties of the soil, the level of occurrence of groundwater and climatic conditions in general.

The best options for foundations for houses made of sandwich panels are:

• screw pile;
• columnar;
• tape shallow;
• monolithic (reinforced concrete slab).

The main danger in the construction of such houses lies in the lateral tangential forces under the building - during the spring heaving of the soil, the foundation may simply come to the surface, and the house will tilt or crack because of this. Whatever foundation you choose, its cost will be about 20% of all construction costs, which is a lot. But saving at this stage is by no means worth it, otherwise subsequent repairs and error correction will take even more money.

Screw piles

The overwhelming majority of experts agree that frame houses according to Canadian technology, it is best to build on a foundation of screw piles. It is comparative new way arrangement of the base, which is economical, simplicity and high speed of installation in comparison with the rest. Foundation construction on screw piles is 30-40% cheaper than any other, even taking into account the fact that you need to hire a team of professional builders.

The screw pile is a steel tube to which a specially configured blade is welded. It has a high bearing capacity, since in the process of screwing it into the soil, the pile does not loosen the soil, but, on the contrary, compacts it with blades. It goes deep into the level below the freezing of the soil, which by itself prevents the deformation of the building from heaving.

The service life of such a foundation can be calculated in centuries (usually the manufacturer gives 100 years). But the main advantage is the ventilated underground, which is very useful when using vulture panels. In addition, if you ever want to add an extension to the house, you just need to install next to the right amount piles, and the foundation will work as one, evenly distributing the total load.

Shallow foundation

This type of foundation for houses made of vulture panels is used less often and mainly on non-porous and slightly porous soils. In other cases, he will "go" in the first spring. For the arrangement, they remove the fertile soil layer (about 30-40 cm), arrange the formwork with reinforcement and fill everything with cement mortar.

The shallow foundation will easily support the weight of the vulture panels. To reduce the risk of deformation from uneven heaving of the soil to a minimum, experts recommend arranging a gravel-sand cushion before pouring concrete.

To increase the strength and durability, the foundation is reinforced with a reinforcing cage.

Pouring with concrete should be done at a time, therefore, for operational work, you may need the help of 2-3 people. After pouring, concrete must be treated with a vibrating plate or at least poked with a stick in several places in order to exclude the formation of air voids.

The disadvantage of this method is the long drying period of the concrete, which can last up to 4 weeks. Also, ventilation in the underground will not be as good as in the case of piles. For this, special holes are usually made. If you want to add an extension to the house in a few years, increase shallow foundation will be quite problematic and troublesome. The laying of all communications (electricity, sewerage, water supply) must be organized before the concrete is poured, which is also not very convenient.

Monolithic foundation

If your site is located on a weak heaving ground, the arrangement of a monolithic foundation will be the only right solution. It is a one-piece reinforced concrete slab that evenly distributes the load from the house to the ground and does not allow it to deform from seasonal movements.

Construction principle slab foundation quite simple: they remove the fertile soil layer, make a drainage cushion of sand and gravel, fill everything with concrete and reinforce the screed with iron reinforcement.

The only drawback of this type of foundation is the high cost and difficulties with the construction of additional outbuildings in the future.

Column foundation

Such a foundation can be considered a "relative" of the pile foundation, but the arrangement will take much more time and effort, although its cost is lower than that of a monolithic or tape one. The columnar foundation is suitable for non-porous and slightly porous soils.

It consists of pillars located at the intersection points of the walls, at the corners of the future building, at the locations of massive load-bearing beams, walls and at points with heavy loads ( long walls, for example). The columnar base eliminates the possibility of arranging the basement, but gives additional ventilation to the subfloor, as is the case with piles.

The shape of the posts can be any, but most often they are made round, because such structures are easiest to place in holes made with a hand drill. Different materials are also used: bricks, wood, concrete. Square pillars made of bricks, but it is inconvenient to place them deep. Therefore, the best option is to build round concrete pillars reinforced with reinforcement.

Important: the columnar foundation cannot be laid in areas with high level groundwater, since in this case the base on which the pillars will rest will be fragile and may be eroded by water.

Panel mounting

We have mentioned more than once that the sip panels are very light, so you do not need a large one for installation. construction machinery... In fact, the work is very simple and quick, and if it is better to enlist the support of specialists for the construction of the foundation, then it is quite possible to build a house from vulture panels on your own.

Important: before proceeding with the installation, you should carefully calculate the house from vulture panels in order to stock up necessary materials, including finishing, fasteners, arrangement roofing cake... The drawing should show the thickness of the bearing and interior walls, the laying of communications, the location of windows and doors.

How is the installation of houses from vulture panels:

Vulture paneling

The construction of houses from vulture panels is pleasant not only because of the fast installation time and ease of construction - it is a real pleasure to decorate such structures! Since the surface of the panels is perfectly flat and smooth, you do not have to spend money on plaster or screed and spend hours leveling walls, floors and ceilings in order to achieve the desired result for the final cladding. Consider how you can refine frame house outside and how to carry out the interior decoration of the premises.

Interior decoration

Before proceeding with interior decoration, it is necessary to close up the joints with a painting net, grind and polish them. Since the panels are monolithic, immediately think about where the communications will be located and make holes for them. In the bathroom, preparation takes place according to a different scenario - the joints are closed not with a mesh, but with a silicone or acrylic-based sealant. Floor panels should be completely covered and overlap the walls by about 20 cm so that if water spills, the wall materials do not get wet.

Any materials for decorating a house from vulture panels can be used. It is recommended to pre-sheathe the walls with plasterboard. This is needed not so much for aesthetics (the panels are already smooth), but for enhancing the fire safety of the building (we wrote about this above).

Since the floors in such houses do not need leveling and insulation, you can cover them with even the most whimsical coatings - laminate, tiles, parquet. In the bathroom and in the kitchen, it is better to make self-leveling acrylic floors to make additional waterproofing.

Outside finishing

Some owners prefer not to resort to exterior decoration of houses from sandwich panels at all - they already look pretty beautiful. But to protect the material from moisture, it is recommended to cover it with something.

The most popular options for exterior decoration of panel houses:

As detailed in the video, houses made of vulture panels are gaining more and more popularity every year. This is explained not so much by fashion as by tangible savings - housing is constantly becoming more expensive, apartments in cities are more and more expensive, and it is becoming more and more difficult to find your own home.

Why spend crazy money on an apartment with a modest square, noisy neighbors and a smoky road outside the window, when you can build your own spacious and warm house from vulture panels much cheaper?

Houses from vulture panels: photo