Installation work hidden wiring They are carried out at the initial stage of the construction of premises. This option is acceptable in residential buildings and apartments, where you need to hide a large number of wires from the eye. You can hide them in the strokes of the walls, under plastic panels, Falsepotor, floor, in flexible sleeves and planned technological voids.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantages of such wiring include: aesthetic type of repair, fire safety, electrical safety and long term Services, thanks to the absence of constant mechanical impacts.

One of the advantages is simultaneously disadvantaged - limited access to hidden wiring. Incompleteness When a malfunction or breakage of the wires will entail a new cosmetic repairs.

You can damage the wires quite by chance, forgetting where they are located. Not once again, not knowing, drill the perforator to hang a picture, a mirror or TV in your apartment. To date, there are devices that allow you to determine almost a millimeter the location of hidden wires.

If you need to find good quality TVs in Sevastopol, you can safely say that this is not a problem. A huge catalog of equipment will help you make the right choice.

Another inconvenience of hidden wiring is that the location of sockets, lamps and switches must be thought out in advance, which means you have to make up detailed plan Placing furniture and equipment indoors, otherwise it may not be practical and poorly functional.

According to the Pue, the wire cross section in this way of laying must be larger than when open. If your house is wooden, it is necessary to provide protection for pipes, trays or other affordable wayTo ensure fire safety.

Tips for laying cable and technology of hidden wiring

Proper posting technology implies several stages. The first determines the method of branching cables: box or loop.

The first option provides for a laying of one cable over the entire length of the living space. Connection occurs in the box, from which one wire is in different rooms.

If you use the second type, two wires are taken as the basis, one of which is used for sockets, and the other for lighting. Then determine the location of the lamps and boxes for switches.

Locking the cable, you need to take into account a few moments. The descents or lifts are carried out strictly perpendicular to the floor, the distance to the doors and windows should be at least 10 cm, and the ceiling is 15 cm, it is recommended to prevent the crossing of cables. The stroke of the bearing walls is prohibited, and when necessary, we will place the wiring on them, it is hidden under the plaster.

Materials for mounting

Certain materials will help to make high-quality wiring. The cable must be used with a copper conductive residential with a cross section of 2.5 mm. Aluminum core should be used for a low-power lighting network. Its section is 1.5 mm. The optimal ratio of price and quality can be considered VG and PVA.

For the organization of electrical wiring, shields, sockets and switches different types. Boxes pick up, focusing on the style of walls.

Hidden wiring with your own hands

How to make a hidden wiring with your own hands? The answer to this question is worth starting with the preparation and thinking of the scheme. She will help you not only determine the action plan, but also come in handy in the future to know the place of laying cables.

First of all, you need to install a distribution counter at the cable in the apartment. If there is plaster in the room, then the wires can be fixed on it or pave along the walls and close the plinth. However, the most reliable way - gasket in furrows.

The depth of the plot should accommodate all cables and place for plaster. It is usually up to 10 mm. Places for outlets are cut into the walls with a perforator.

If you want to further protect the wiring, then the cable channel should be made and stretch the wires by wire. In another case, they are simply attached inside the alabaster.

Wires end with approach. On the last stage Shtroba is plastering. On the Internet you can find many examples with photos of hidden wiring, which will help you in the preparation of schemes, materials and installation.

If it is possible to make wiring in the ceiling or floor - this is much simplified by the task and labor costs. In this case, the wiring is placed in special boxes, thereby providing easy access to the cable, in cases of breakage.

Features of the arrangement in a wooden house

Laying wires over wooden surfaces It is prohibited, and therefore it is necessary to separate the cable from the flammable design. For this purpose, metalworking or plastic pipes are used. The last are short-lived and not protected from rodents.

Filling in pipes should be no more than 40 percent, and their wall thickness directly depends on the cable cross section. For copper, with a 4 mm core diameter is 2.8 mm, up to 10 mm -3.2 mm, up to 35 mm - 4 mm.

When using aluminum veins, the requirements are simplified twice. Sockets are necessarily placed in conversion from metal. All metal elements are grounded, and the shields assume the presence of switches and automata.

On fire standards for every 6 m2 there is a minimum of 1 outlet, if it is a kitchen - then 3;

• The sockets usually set at an altitude of 1.5 m on one side in the entire apartment;
• If the wiring is new, it should connect to outdoor communication networks. This requires the presence and resolution of specialists;
• It is advisable to use single-type cables for installation - or steel, or metal;
• In the calculation of the length of the cable products, you should consider the stock for outlets and switches.

Stock Foto Hidden wiring

FEATURES OF MONTAGE electric wiring Directly depend on the characteristics of the building materials, of which the building is built. And this is due to the fact that any building material has its own degree of fire hazard. In this article, we will consider this dependence based on existing rules Electrical installation devices (7 Pue edition, updated 12.02.2016) and on the practical experience of users of our portal.

Cable Rules Location Rules

The location of cable lines in the room is subordinate to certain rules:

• the indoor wiring should be laid in accordance with strictly horizontal or strictly vertical lines, and the turn of the cable track is possible only 90 ° (the creation of all kinds of diagonals associated with the cost savings is unacceptable);
• horizontal sections of wiring should run at a distance of 10 ... 15 cm from the ceiling;
• vertical sections of wiring must defend from door and window openings at a distance of at least 10 cm.

Wiring Types

IN modern buildings It is customary to mount the wiring of two types: hidden and open. Hidden wiring is laid in voids building structures or inside the walls (in the channels made by the method of sticking, drilling and so on.).

Wiring open type Located directly on the surface of the walls. The wires are either attached to special insulators, or stacked in standard cable channels.

Choosing the type of wiring during the construction of the house, should not be guided by its own preferences, because as a basis should be taken exclusively, GOST and PUE.

The least arises questions from "self-taught builders" if the wiring is mounted on the walls of non-combustible building materials. To begin with, let's talk about such cases.

Installation of wiring for building structures from non-combustible materials

Modern PUE rules are allowed to use wires and cables exclusively with copper veins (p. 7.1.34.).

If the room has walls and overlaps from non-combustible materials (concrete, brick, aerated concrete blocks, ceramoblocks, gypsum plates PGP, etc.), then it is advisable to mount the wiring of the hidden type. Firstly, it is aesthetically, secondly, safely in terms of random mechanical damage and, thirdly, PUE rules (clause 7.1.37) are performed to mount the wiring of a hidden type in the walls of non-combustible materials.

In this case, we are talking about residential premises. In attics, in basements (especially in unheated) and in the premises of technical purposes it is recommended to make an open-type wiring.

Pue Rules Stick: If the construction structure consists of non-combustible materials, it is allowed to lay off the insulated non-permanent wiring, using technological channels, furrows and emptiness for this. At the same time, it is enough to use insulated cables or wires in a protective shell (for example, UG cables). In this case, the installation of the wiring is carried out without the use of metal pipes, protective corrugations and other additional elements.

If a black wall Subsequently, it is planned to plain, then the stroke of walls under wiring, as a rule, does not have to resort.

universal 2010 Member FORUMHOUSE

When building a new house, in front of plastering, it is advisable to carry out electrical wiring. Previously get that ( technical conditions) In a power supply organization and draw for yourself (and for delivery to the same power supply organization) a single-line power supply scheme. You can stick the brick wall, but not worth it. You can put the WDG, securing on the wall of the dowel-nail and fixing the cable with a plastic clamp type cable on it (sold with packs in electrical goods). By the way, it turns out that the wiring protrudes on the wall for no more than 4-5 millimeters, and the plaster completely closes the wiring, even if it is economically plastering with special plasters (mixtures).

Of course, a niche for a socket and switches still have to be created in the wall itself. But dust, and physical work in this case will be much smaller than with the widespread stroke of the walls.

As for the power supply scheme: it should be available from any self-respecting owner. After all, in the future it will certainly need. The scheme is needed at least so that during the repair of the room does not get a drill into a wire connected to electricity.

If you are making wiring on the walls that are not planned to be placed in the future, then the strokes in this case cannot be avoided. Also, the walls will also have to, if in the process overhaul There is a replacement of old wiring, and remove the layer old plaster not necessary.

Is it worth it or not to create horizontal shoes? Is it possible to stroke bearing walls and concrete floors? Unambiguous answers to these questions in the environment professional builders does not exist. Of course, from the point of view of the theory of material resistance, the man-made grooves are able to significantly weaken the strength of building structures (just as the thin incision of glass-flowers weakens durable glass). Nevertheless, PUU rules (clause 7.1.37) allow gasket electrical networks In the furrows (in the strokes) of walls, partitions and overlaps. The main thing is not to rearrange with the depth of the shoes and with its width.

Ivanov Kostya Member Forumhouse

At the same time, the maximum should be used already existing technological emptiness (for example, in the ceiling plates).

In the strokes, in steel sleeves, in special trays and technological channels A joint laying of wires and cables belonging to various lines (with the exception of interruptionable conductors) is allowed.

Installation of wiring for building structures from combustible materials

There are a lot of questions regarding the rules of installation of electrical wiring, people occur in people who begin to independently electrify the premises from combustible building materials. This is mainly about frame and wooden houses. Answers to most questions can be found all in the same PUE rules.

The design of houses from combustible building materials allows you to mount the wiring of both types (hidden and open). Which one to use - depends on the preferences of the homeowner. As for the protective elements that protect the wiring from damage, and the building from the ignition as a result of a short circuit, their choice depends on the type of cable route.

There are two ways of laying open wiring indoors:

1. Installation of retro wiring.
2. Laying wires in cable channels.

Installation of retro wiring

As far as the design of retro wiring complies with Pueu rules - the question is controversial. In this Regulation, the creation of wiring of this type is not even considered. However, let's try to figure it out in this matter.

FDRA Member Forumhouse

Pue allows an open gasket with a cable with a shell that does not spread combustion (for example, WGN), directly along the walls of the combustible material. But in no case is not hidden. There must be visual control.

In the case of retro-wiring, a special twisted cable ("retro") is mounted directly on the wall to which it is mounted with small insulators. Considering that such a conductor has a coating of artificial silk, impregnated with non-combustible composition, it can be attributed to the class of wires that do not spread combustion. Consequently, the installation of retro-wiring along the walls of combustible materials does not violate the PUE rules.

In accordance with the PUE rules, the distance from the conductor to the surface from the combustible material should be at least 10 mm, which is fully provided by the design of insulators for retro wiring.

Distances between different retro-wiring elements are indicated in the drawing.

If the wire saves a lot, then the distance between the insulators can be reduced to 50 cm.

By mounting the retro-wiring, one important nuance should be taken into account: most modern electrical appliances must necessarily connect to the grounding circuit. For this reason, a three-in-room cable should be used as part of the wiring (if this is not on sale, it is advisable to weigh yourself on its own).

In the location of the wiring through the wall or overlap of combustible materials (for example, from a tree), the cable (wire) must be laid into a metal pipe with localization ability. Pipe ends should be chopped by a non-combustible composition (for example, fire-resistant mounting foam).

The localization capacity of the pipe is the quality that allows you to withstand short circuits in the electrical wiring without burning the walls of the pipe itself. In order for the pipe to have such a ability, its walls must be a certain thickness:

• for copper conductors cross section to 2.5 mm² wall thickness is not normalized;
• for copper conductors with a cross section of 4 mm², the pipe must have a wall thickness of at least 2.8 mm;
• for copper conductors, the cross section 6-10 mm² pipe should have a wall thickness of at least 3.2 mm.

Open Wiring in Channel Cable

If the open-type wiring is paved in cable channels and electrical blocks, then cables (wires) with high resistance to fire (WGN or NYM) should be used as conductors. In this case, the material of cable channels should also prevent the spread of fire.

Alexey S. ForumHouse Member

I made an open wiring with NYM wires in the cable channels under the tree - Czech (with a certificate). Non-flammable (or correctly - self-fighting). He checked himself: when the flame is racing, they begin charring and melted slightly. If the fire is removed, the process immediately stops.

Outputs when installing on walls from combustible materials, non-aggravated lining should have (for example, from asbestos-cement or construction gypsum solution) with a thickness of 10 mm. In the passage of wiring, metal sleeves with localization ability must be installed through the combustible structures.

Hidden wiring in the walls of combustible materials

The features of the laying of hidden wiring in the walls of combustible materials (for example, from wood) are reduced to the fact that the wiring in the voids of such walls and partitions should run inside the metal pipes with localization ability (Pue 7.1.38 rules).

The rule is one, and in relation to its fulfillment there can be no election. All other options (the use of plastic corrugations, metalworks and other protective elements) should be deliberately excluded, because from the point of view of fire safety they are unacceptable.

I.k. Participant forumhouse

If you approach the PUE strictly according to the hidden gasket, it is impossible to lay in the hidden laying on the metal structures. Key phrase in p. 7.1.38: "In metal pipeswith localization ability. " Metal worker does not have this ability. Therefore, out of law.

When laying wires and cables on combat designs (or inside them), in all cases, the possibility of replacing the conductors.

By the way, the electric layout, stretching overlaps, is the most convenient way to arrange hidden wiring in rooms from combustible materials. The rosters to sockets and switches in this case will simply go down from the main highways.

When laying pipes and under the electrical wiring in the technological voids of combustible structures, the ends of pipes and boxes should be closed with a rapidly removable non-combustible material (for example, by mounting foam).

In order for the installation of the changeable wiring in the metal pipes, it was possible to create enough turns, in the corners of the electrical route, it is necessary to use breakage boxes. Access to these items should always be open.

The inner diameter of the pipe should be seamless so that the cable is laid inside it occupied no more than 40% of the entire free space. This rule is valid for all protective elements (cable channels, corrugations, trays, etc.).

Immediately it should be noted that the creation of hidden wiring indoors with wooden walls - The process of time consuming. After all, the channels for wiring will have to be equipped own forces. The space for pipes should be released by drilling, sample grooves and recesses.

Vertical channels in the walls should be drilled in the process of laying a cut. At the same time, horizontal holes are done after the walls are ready. For the cable to be more convenient to stretch through the pipes, in their inner lumen, you should pre-lay auxiliary cable for broach (conductor).

Laying cable under plasterboard, overhead and stretch ceilings

Laying hidden wiring inside frame partitions, under drywall or plastic lifting, as well as for various species Ceilings are regulated by the arch construction Rules SP 31-110-2003 (p. 14.15) and PUE rules (clause 7.1.38.). In accordance with these regulations, the hidden wiring is allowed to be mounted in two ways:

1. If the partitions, the bases of the walls or their skin are made of combustible materials, then the conductors (for example, with the labeling of the WG) should be placed in metal pipes with localization ability, or in closed boxes.
2. If building structures are made of non-combustible materials, the wiring should consist of wires (cables) that do not spread combustion (for example, WGN), while it should be mechanically protected by non-flammable non-metal boxes or pipes (for example, a corrugated self-refining pipe).
Participant forumhouse

I would not have become a profile to sleep, you need to leave a place for wires between the profile and the wall or the wall of the wall - if there is no other way.

Putting conductors under the ceilings, under plasterboard or plastic surfaces, as well as inside frame partitions, one should be guided by the overall wiring rules for the combustible or non-aggravated building structures (presented in previous sections of the article).

Wiring under floor

Installation of electrical wiring under the floor is the perfect way to create a hidden cable wiring, without resorting to the horizontal stroke of the walls. The cable (trunk wire) in this case is supplied directly to the locations of the sockets, switches and junction boxes.



If the wiring is mounted in the lower layers of the cement floor, then there is a fairly simple protective corrugation for its gasket. Of course, inside the screed, you can lay the cable completely without corrugations, but replace the wiring without resorting to destruction outdoor coatingIn this case it will not work. By the way, the complexity of the repair and replacement of cables (wires) is the only substantial disadvantage of the floor layout, and it should be taken into account by defining with the type of electrical wiring.



So, we have acquainted you with the main methods of installation of internal electrical wiring, which depend on the characteristics of building materials indoors. You can read in more detail in the relevant section of our portal. You can learn from the appropriate video of the additional features of the installation of wiring on the walls, sex and ceiling. And the article will be interested in anyone who does not want to face the unpleasant consequences of a similar problem.

In most cases, when the electrical wiring device is hidden under the layer of plaster. This method is more secure and reliable: after all, wires closed into the wall are reliably protected from mechanical impacts, moisture and corrosion. There is such a method of laying and cons - it will be impossible to transfer it to another place, and it will be difficult to determine the location of the cable in the absence of a scheme.

What first, plaster or wires?

When to make electrician wiring - before or after plastering? - This is a dispute between the electrician and plaster. For everyone, it is more convenient to first make it part of the work without any interference. But if you are repairing on your own, or it makes one master, then the procedure for action will be as follows:

1. Your opinion, what is first?

   ElectricianPlaster

1. Walls cleaned OT. old finish. They draw lines for which wires, places of installation of peavering and sawn boxes will be held.
2. Under thick wires and corrugations are paved (grooves) along the entire length to the outlet points: switches, sockets. The use of corrugated channels is required when the walls are made of combustible materials. Also, they are used to be able to pull out and replace the wires. Laying cables in the plaster is allowed without corrugations.
3. Thin wires can be paved directly on the surface without sticking, if the layer plastering They will hide them.
4. Next, the wiring is laid and fixed on the wall.
5. Walls are plastered by or without lighthouses. The ends of the wires sticking out of the channels can be wind and close the film.
6. After drying the walls, the perforator with the crown drill places for the socket, distribution and switches. This is done after plastering, because in otherwise It is not clear what depth they will be mounted.
7. The final finish is made - wallpaper or decorative plaster. After that, outlets and switches are inserted.

But there is one point in favor of the fact that the entire electric car should be carried out after the walls are plastered. If the shoes are laid in the walls, it is much easier to do in a layer of plaster, for example, on the second or third day, when it is still not completely afraid. Stroke concrete or brick will take longer, and dust will be more.

Electrician installation rules

Compliance with generally accepted building standards and requirements - security and durability of wiring. Therefore, before you prepare the shocks in the wall under the cable, you need to familiarize yourself with the rules of the device of electrical installations (PUE). The location of the posting is determined by such items:

• above 15-20 cm plinths;
• below the ceiling and beams by 20-30 cm;
• from corners at a distance of 10 cm;
• in the area of \u200b\u200bheating pipes, gas pipes with an indent of 50 cm.

This also applies to television cables.

Purchase wires better in the bays. In this case, the loops will be solid, and put the scrambled and insulated connections under the stucco.

The laying of electrical wires is carried out hidden in the walls, semi or corrugated pipes. When bookmarking in a non-flammable surface, including plaster, allowed by the absence of corrugations.

According to PUE, aluminum wires are allowed only with a cross section of 16 mm2 or more. Little section is only copper. This is due to the fact that aluminum has a greater electrical resistance than copper. With a large load, it heats up and can melt.

Depending on the laying conditions, the wires of the brand are used:

• WEGNG: Sustainable ignition, non-combustible, for laying under the plaster;
• VVGNG-LS: mainly under drywall, to protect against mechanical effects is placed in PVC box; Its analogue can serve as a gray cable NYN-LS with a layer of rubber, more expensive, easy to install, for the stroke is not too convenient, as it is not flat, but a round cross section;
• PVS: stranded, white, is allowed to use only as an extension or when the electrical appliances are connected directly to the outlet.

In old electrical wiring, 2-, and in the new 3-core cable. Two-blockable chandeliers require 4 livers.

Not depending on, from which material the walls of structures are made, a project is drawn up for all buildings, where the power supply scheme is specified with the location of all elements of the wiring:

• Switchboards;
• Junction boxes;
• Outputs for sockets and switches;
• Places of installation of lighting devices (chandeliers, plafoons).

In addition, the power supply scheme indicates:

• The power of protective automata on each group on the network;
• Type of wire;
• Wire section;
• Distances between individual elements wiring, between distribution boxes, to sockets and switches. From Rush to the first distribution box and places of connecting household devices of high power, to which individual lines are paved ( heating boilers, electric stoves, pumps and others).

This information can be used to calculate the required length of the wires of each type given the cross section. The selection of wire sections is made according to a separate method, which requires detailed consideration, we will proceed from the data that is specified in the project documentation.

Brands of wires paved in the walls

Characteristics of wires paved along the walls different facilities depend on many factors:

• Functional design of the building;
• Operating conditions of equipment;
• From the type of building materials, from which walls are built;
• PUE requirements and other guidance documents defining the rules of the electrical installation device.

Considering these requirements, manufacturers make various brands Wiring, one of the most sought-after wires by consumers is considered the PPV.

PPV -the wire of a flat configuration, where the veins are placed in one row, has a layer of insulation on each core. A cable for power supply to the socket and lighting networks is designed to withstand the voltage up to 450.

Located in the walls in the residential premises, a cross section of up to 6 mm 2 is used. In standard packs of bays are so 100; 150; 200m, permissible temperature When operating from -50 to +70 ̊c.

VG -the wire has several models, there is a flat design, by appearance Similar to PPV, with double insulation.

There are circular, square and triangular designs.

Table of the size of the external diameter and weight of the Wires of the VG

In some products in isolation there are additives preventing combustion, such a wire has a Vggling marking.

NUM - Cable (NY) -the analogue of the German wire DIN 57250, flexible, with stranded wires or with a rigid monolithic wire, is ideal for hidden wiring in the living rooms. This is justified by the composition non-combustible isolation With low release of toxic gases. In the design of the round shape, three layers of insulation, on each wire, an intermediate layer of small rubber and an external, non-combustible polyvinyl chloride sheath.

Flat installation wire PUNP -the most common in retail chains and affordable cable. Flat-shaped with double PVC insulation in the design can be up to 5 wires.

Council №1. Experienced electricians do not recommend using PUNP to lay the wiring, due to poor quality. Statistics show that 60% of fires due to poor-quality wiring occurred in networks with PUNP wire. 80% on the market not high-quality products, many manufacturers do not comply with technology, the discrepancy is detected in many respects:

• Thickness and composition of isolation;
• The composition of the wire alloy;
• Cross section lived;

More expensive to buy a more expensive cable and be sure about security.

Criteria for selection of wires

First of all, it is necessary to be guided by the project, and the brand of the wire and its cross section are taken into account, taking into account the conditions of operation of the premises. In the absence of a suitable wire, its analogue or product is suitable for technical specifications.

In most cases, the PPV can replace the VG, the flat wires are often installed under the plaster on concrete and brick walls. They reliably adjacent to the plane and do not require a thick layer of plaster to hide the network.

Tip # 2 for lighting networks on areas from the junction box to a chandelier or hanging plafone is recommended to use flexible strong wire. On the site of fixing contacts to lighting device The plot of the chain is moving and rigid wires can cloud, flexible in this case serve much longer.

According to the requirements of PUE in rooms with high humidity, wires with rubberized insulation with moisture-proof properties of all elements are not lower than IP 54. As a rule, such wires have a round shape and before laying punching shorts in brick or concrete walls. IN wooden srubach They fit into a non-combustible corrugated pipe.

For operation in conditions high humidity Use wires:

• The pass is paved in non-aggravated pipes;
• When - a universal wire, you can use in dry and wet conditions.

Laying wires in plasterboard walls

Design plasterboard walls Provides a large number of self-tapping screws for fastening various elements. Therefore, special attention is paid to the method of laying wiring so as not to damage the insulation and do not close the wires.

Plasterboard sheets are attached to in advance collected carcass from metal galvanized guides.

Table of size of diameters of plastic corrugated pipes

For laying wires in such structures in metallic profile Technological holes are provided, the wire is defined in non-combustible plastic corrugated pipes.

At the same time, places with acute ends of the self-esteps are enveloped, before the fastening of the sheets of plasterboard, on the other side of the frame, the cable passing zone is noted into which the fastening elements are not screwed.

For the installation of peasants and distribution boxes, the openings of the corresponding diameter are drilled with crowns for drywall. Plastic glasses of peaverblies have a special design with spacecas that press the body to the wall plane with inner. To do this, clockwise screw the pressure screws to full stop. Wires are reproduced in the technological holes of the submersionals by 15-20 cm on outside For cutting and connecting sockets and switches.

In the same way, the wires are laid and attached to the walls of plywood, chipboard and OSB, in any structures with hollow inside. For drilling holes in wooden sheets, appropriate crowns and other elements are used.

Laying wires on brick and concrete walls without sticking

In these cases, it is very convenient to use a flat-shaped wire. According to pre-marked routes, the wire is attached to the walls of plastic brackets with high-strength nails or plastic dowels with clamps. Previously, fasteners were carried out by tin plates, which were screwed to the wall with self-draws on a plastic dowel or simply shot to the wall with a construction pistol.

For peasants and junction boxes, the holes are drilled by a perforator with special crowns along concrete. Podrothet casing is inserted into the hole and attached to gypsum SolutionBefore that, wires are breeding in the side technological holes.

Tip # 3 It is recommended to drill holes for peasants after the surface of the wall with the wiring lines is attached. This technique will ensure the installation of the upper face of the glass of the peavercraft on the same level with the wall surface.

If you set the opposite before, it will be difficult to achieve a clear coincidence of levels, and the drops lead to problems when installing sockets. With deeply recessed submersion, the fastening bolts of the front panel of the socket can not get to the carving on the case. With the protruding glasses of peasants between the wall and the front panel there will be a gap.

Distributive boxes and submersers are manufactured according to certain standards. The diameter and the depth is selected depending on the size of the switches and sockets, the amount of wires are taken into account for the junction box, which are rented in it. For large quantities Wires with a large cross section and the outer diameter of the cable round design in the walls are recommended to make shoes.

Stroke gasket in concrete and brick walls

The shoes make their way a depth of 1-2 cm by a puncher in shock mode with a nozzle, in the form of a chisel. Closer to rosettes and distribution boxes, the ships are made a little deeper to 3 cm, so that the wires are free to enter the technological holes of the glass of peasants.

Outer diameter and cable mass (kg)

The width of the shirt is made taking into account the number and size of the wires deployed in this area.

Mix the wires in the same way as when laying without a stroke. After laying the wires, the layer of plaster is closed.

In the installation organizations, where the sticking is produced in large volumes, industrial manufacturing strokes are used. This tool provides for the adjustment of the depth and width of the sticking, in some models it is provided for the dust with a vacuum cleaner. The performance of the strokesis is much higher than when working in a conventional perforator, the channels are obtained more smooth, but the price is high, it is not advisable to use it for disposable work.

Tools and nozzles used when laying wires in the walls

Retrolers and holes for peavernits can be pierced with a conventional hammer and chisel, but in the 21st century, this is done only under small volumes in the absence of power tools or scuba, for sports interest.

Perforator is a universal tool. It can be used as a drill for drilling a tree and drywall, in perforation mode, you can drill concrete and brick walls, piercing the shoes.

Drillswith adjustment of revolutions used for drilling only wooden and plasterboard surfaces, as a screwdriver with appropriate nozzles. The magnitude of the revolutions is established depending on the material being processed, for the tree more for metal less.

Nozzles for drills and perforators are the most diverse in design and appointment:

• Ordinary tree drills, metal, with winged diamond tips for drilling concrete and brick;
• Crowns for drilling wooden and plasterboard sheets;

• Crowns with fetal, diamond and victorious teeth, for drilling brick and concrete walls;

• Titanium four-sided bits with fiform spraying for screwing the screws.

Tip №4 when buying quadrid bits Do not save buying cheap Chinese hardware, they are quickly erased.

Errors when laying wires in the walls

• When laying wires in concrete or brick Walls Without the playing forget, make a short stroke near junction boxes or pickles. This must be sure to make the wires freely into the technological holes at the bottom of the glass.

If you start the wire through the top or do the hole at the top, the risk of short circuit or cliff appears. When installing the socket, its body will break insulation or transfer the wire;

• Do not install the wires on the lighting and rosetic groups of the larger cross section than this is indicated in the project, usually 2.5mm 2. With a section of 4-6mm 2, the veins are difficult to place a socket or switch in the contact group, especially when the alloy is hard and elastic. Sometimes in such cases, contact groups break under the elasticity of the wires, the ceramic or plastic housing is bursting.
• In order not to make a mistake in the width and depth of the shorter in a separate section, fold the width of all wires that are laid there and make 1 cm more with a margin.
• When drilling a perforator with a crown for drywall, do not forget to turn off the perforation mode, otherwise the sheet may simply break in this place.

Frequently asked Questions

1. On the plots between the distribution boxes, the shrot width is 10 - 12 cm, cut the border with a brotcast with a disc on concrete, but knock out the middle part is still hard manually. How to speed up the process?

Rush another line in the center and knock out a puncher with a chisel, will be faster and easier.

1. What wire and switches should be installed in the steam room?

Moisture-resistant with rubber insulation NUM or when, switches and lighting plaffers with a degree of protection not lower than IP-54;

1. Can Flat Wire PPV be laid in the bathroom under the layer of plaster and tiles?

Almost possible and even everything will work, but to ensure your own security and fulfill the requirements of the PUE, it is better to pave NUM or another moisture-proof cable;

1. Electric stove is powered copper wire With a cross section of 6mm 2, the main wire between the distribution boxes in the socket group is 4 mm 2. Can I put the wire 6 mm 2 between the boxes and from the nearest box to power the electric stove so as not to pull a separate line?

No, it is strictly forbidden to PUE, powerful heating devices, electric stoves, heating boilers must be powered by separate lines, through separate automata in RSch. In addition, in the proposed version, except the stove on the line will fall a load from the devices connected to sockets. This may exceed the calculated power and lead to a short circuit and fire.

In practice electrical work The widespread wiring was widely wiring performed by the APPVS wires and the APV with gasket them directly in the thickness of building structures: in plaster, concrete partitions, under the plaster, in the voids and channels of overlaps and walls.

The hidden wire wiring is performed by following the following requirements: wires in thin-walled partitions up to 80 mm or under the layer of plaster are parallel to architectural and construction lines; between horizontally laid wires and slabs of overlapping distance should not exceed 150 mm; In building structures, the thickness of more than 80 mm wires are packed through the shortest routes.

Indoors brick buildings, as well as in large-bond buildings with partitions from slabs of small sizes, hidden wiring with flat wires are performed as follows: in brick and plastered walls - directly under the layer of plaster; in the walls of large concrete blocks - in the seams between blocks, and separate sections in the strokers; in overlaps multi-public plates - in emptiness plates.

To the installation of electrical wiring proceed after graduation construction work And work on laying clean floor.

Installation of hidden electrical wiring is performed in a specific sequence.

First place the track of the wiring, determine the installation sites of the branch boxes for switches and plug sockets, hooks under the lamps. Markup starts with definitions for installation on the project of muckers, lamps, switches and plug sockets.

Next place the routes of wires. Flat wires are packed at a distance of 100 - 150 mm from the ceiling or 50 - 100mm from beam or cornice. Wires can be laid in the slit between the partition and overlapping or beam. The lines to the plug sockets are paved at the height of their installation (800 or 300 mm from the floor) or in the corner between the partition and the top of the slab of the floors. Descents and lifts to switches, lamps perform vertically.

When laying wires and cables in the channels of prefabricated building structures, the markup of the tracks and the installations of the device is not required.

Before tightening the wires, the caliber check the suitability of the channels. The diameter of the caliber must be at least 0.9 design diameter of the channel. Special attention They draw the presence of edema and sharp faces in places of conjugation of building elements of buildings.

Then check the condition of the connective niches of adjacent connecting panels. Niche is performed by semicircular shapes with a radius of 70 mm. Tightening wires into the channels produce from the device to boxes and niches. The tightening force should not exceed 20 N per 1 sq. M. Current section lived. When the diameter of the channel 20 mm can be tightened to 5 wires, the seizure of 25 mm is up to 8 wires with a cross section of 205 mm square meters.

With a limited number of wires and a small length of the channels, the tightening is made manually, with a large number - with the help of steel wire, previously tightened into the channel.