The column is a supporting engineering structure, which, in addition to its practical function, also serves as a decorative purpose. Today, columns to ensure the vertical rigidity of the building can be made of metal or reinforced concrete.

In turn reinforced concrete structures, are most widespread due to various kinds of advantages. For this reason, when making columns with your own hands, the greatest preference is given to concrete products. How the columns are concreted will be described below.

It should be said right away that making concrete columns with your own hands is a laborious and costly process, both physically and financially. Before you start doing reinforced concrete columns you should study the appropriate technology as much as possible, watch the video on the Internet and prepare the tool necessary for this work.

Then you need to decide on the shape of the future column, since it can be: round, rectangular, or square. Of the tools for the manufacture of columns, you will first need:

1. Building level;
2. Plumb line;
3. Hammer and hacksaw for wood;
4. Bulgarian;
5. Roulette;
6. Concrete mixer;
7. Shovels and other devices for working with mortar.

Of the materials you will need:

1. Formwork boards;
2. Rebar (12mm) or metal mesh;
3. Knitting wire;
4. Anchor bolts;
5. Clamps.

Do-it-yourself column construction is divided into such stages - reinforcement, formwork installation and concreting assembled structure... Let's take a look at each of the above steps in order.

For reinforcement of concrete goods of columns, reinforcement of at least 12 mm is used. Even before starting the assembly of the formwork, a metal frame is assembled in the shape of a square, consisting of four main rods in the corners. If the column will have a height of more than 3 meters, then special blind areas are necessarily made every two meters.

When the column has a small height, the metal frame can be installed in a pre-assembled form, immediately into the formwork, after its installation. The fittings are fastened to each other either with a knitting wire, or with special clamps designed for these purposes.

Formwork for concreting columns, as a rule, is assembled from boards, according to previously measured internal dimensions. It is necessary to take into account the large load on the formwork when pouring concrete, therefore, it is necessary to unfasten the boards very carefully when assembling it.

Be sure to install slope supports from the sides of the assembled formwork, before pouring it with concrete. If the column will have a large height, then its build-up is carried out during the pouring of concrete, and also with the obligatory installation of slope struts.

Concrete for pouring columns is used differently from, for example, in construction monolithic foundation... Its main parameter in this case is mobility. For most columns, a concrete solution with a mobility of P2 is used, and when pouring densely reinforced ones, concrete with a mobility of at least P4 is used.

An important process in the concreting of columns is the compacting of the concrete mixture, which is produced by such specialized equipment as submersible and external pumps. When making concrete columns with your own hands, get rid of air congestion in concrete allows hammering into the formwork walls.

In the process of concreting the columns, it is necessary to monitor all the time whether the metal frame has not shifted inside the installed formwork. If necessary, you should correct its location strictly vertically and in its center.

Do-it-yourself concrete for pouring columns consists of cement grade no lower than M400, sand and gravel. If we talk about its proportions, then they look as follows - for 1 part of cement, 1 part of sand and 4 parts of gravel are required.

Column formwork is designed to form an area of ​​a square or rectangular area, which will allow the column to be properly mounted. Exists different types formworks that are intended for certain types construction works... In this article, we will consider the features and parameters of the installation of formwork for columns with detailed step-by-step instructions.

Column types

The main purpose of formwork creation is to form a certain shape for columns of the required height and parameters. There are two types of work, the first with which foresees the installation for universal columns, and the second is the formation of the formwork of columns with a fixed section. When carrying out installation, you need to remember about the features of installing additional panels.

Previously, columns were used as a decorative element in buildings. However, in modern world this type of product is intended as supporting elements for different types of buildings. There are several types of columns that differ in geometric shape:

• round or cylindrical;
• square;
• multifaceted;
• rectangular.

It is worth noting that the universal column formwork is carried out for different types of columns and provides for the installation of standard shields with special holes for the kingpin, the pitch for which is 5 cm. For a fixed installation scheme, it is necessary to fasten the column using four corner pieces and some formwork locks.

Formwork purpose and product requirements

The formwork of walls and columns is carried out to pour a concrete base under the supporting elements. This is necessary so that the mixture does not spread and after hardening has a square or other shape. It is almost impossible to carry out the installation of the column without this stage of work. Experts identify some of the requirements for the formwork:

• compliance with the dimensions of the structure;
• stability and strength of the installed product;
• the formation of a form through which the solution will not flow;
• smooth inner side;
• dismantling is not time consuming.

Column formwork: disposable, reusable, non-removable

The simplest and most convenient option for carrying out work is the construction of a disposable formwork. This construction is made of cardboard, which is wound in a spiral. The formwork product is water-repellent, which prevents the mortar from penetrating into the structure of the cardboard. Inside the cardboard column formwork, you can put PVC film with thicker walls.

The approximate diameter of such a formwork can be from 20 to 115 cm, and the maximum length of the product can be 12 meters. Depending on the parameters of the column, the height of the formwork can vary, as well as the thickness of the walls. For example, in the lower part of the structure, the wall thickness can be greater, which is determined by the maximum load concrete mortar... The technology of the work is not complicated; for large volumes of the installation, lifting mechanisms can be used. Only two people may be required to carry out the installation.

Another variant of the column formwork device is the construction of a reusable structure. As a rule, the formwork can be used several times for the installation of several columns. There are such features of work performance:

• the need to build formwork on construction site;
• pouring concrete mortar into the structure;
• curing for several days until the concrete is completely dry;
• removing the formwork structure and installing it in a different place.

When performing such work, it is necessary to remember to observe the rules for installing the column. When choosing a reusable formwork for columns and floors, it is necessary to calculate the height of the product, which should not be higher than the indicated shapes. When choosing this form of formwork, the pouring will no longer be monolithic. Therefore, it is worthwhile to carefully read the requirements and characteristics of the implementation of this type of formwork in compliance with the column height.

Reusable formwork is more expensive than disposable, which is determined by the following parameters:

• Required storage costs of the structure.
• Transportation and maintenance of formwork for the installation of other types of columns.
• Additional expenses for the use of lifting equipment services.

There are different types of reusable formwork:

• shield structure;
• beam-transom;
• steel formwork;
• plastic construction;

Formwork using panels is intended for columns square shape... Shields made of metal must be fastened together using different fixing items. It is important to place laminated plywood in the middle of the boards. Further, concrete mortar is poured after hardening, of which the formwork can be removed and moved to another work site.

A similar type of work has a girder-girder formwork for columns, for which you need to use the following products:

• shields;
• crossbars made of steel;
• beams.

This kind structures will allow you to form a reliable formwork different heights... As a rule, such a scheme is used for the construction round walls, columns, bridges, as well as for the formation of large vertical surfaces... The formwork technology resembles an assembly scheme children's designer, and all parts are fixed with spacers.

The steel column formwork is designed for square and round products. Main characteristic design is that after using it, it is necessary to clean and lubricate the sections. This type of formwork has a lot of weight, like a panel formwork, therefore, it is necessary to use the services of lifting machines to move it.

More affordable and easy option is a plastic formwork for columns. The main disadvantage of the product is the unreliability of the design, and to carry out the work, you will need to seek the help of specialists. It is advised to work with this type of formwork carefully and with special tools so as not to damage the walls. All elements plastic construction connected to each other using different parts.

There is another type of formwork, which is non-removable. The use of this type of construction is rarely carried out, however, such a construction scheme is quite popular among builders. All blocks and blanks for formwork assembly are made on special machines. Thus, products with thin walls are created, which are sufficiently strong and reliable.

Formwork elements are made of high-strength concrete. Mortar preparation technology foresees the use of cement, sand and water. The peculiarity of concrete preparation is the compaction of pores with the use of rolled products. Thus, all liquid is displaced from the solution, which increases the properties of frost resistance and concrete strength. Formwork products manufactured in this way have increased resistance to temperature and humidity changes.

Installation of column formwork: features of installation and dismantling

Before considering the installation technology for a particular type of formwork, it is necessary to study the standard characteristics of the work. Before installing the formwork on a concrete surface, it is necessary to mark the column parameters. As a rule, the column should be installed around a pre-prepared reinforcement frame. It is important to carry out all work using project documentation. Formwork panels must be assembled in an L-shaped form, which are fixed with nuts and a kingpin or through a corner, then it is determined by the type of column. The second and other tiers of the assembly of the structure must be assembled using a mobile tower-tour or scaffolding.

If the height of the formwork of round columns is higher than 4.2, then it is important to mount a special crossbar on the column, which will level the structure. The installed column must be checked for vertical position, which is carried out using braces or pushers. The brace is made up of the lower and upper area of ​​the product, as well as a special connector. The latter must be mounted in a concrete surface, then, the upper part is attached to the highest point of fixation of the column, and the lower to the lower one. Using the special tools and nuts, the column should be leveled and fixed in an upright position.

The peculiarity of dismantling the formwork can be done when the concrete is completely dry. First of all, it is necessary to remove the formwork braces, after which the locks are dismantled from the upper part and the shields are removed.

It's important to know! If the height of the mounted column is more than three meters, then the concrete must be supplied through a special window. In the next tier, it is necessary to remove one of the shields, which forms a window of the required dimensions. Further, the shield is installed in its original place, after which the concrete solution enters through the upper part of the column formwork.

DIY step-by-step instructions for installing panel formwork for columns

The installation process must begin by marking up the workspace. It is important that it coincides with the parameters of the previously erected frame and reinforcement:

2. After that, the formwork is assembled from the panels on one side, and it is important to fix all the details of the structure using locks.

4. Having determined the thickness of the concrete wall pouring, you need to install the next formwork wall using the same technology.

5. At the top of the formwork, it is important to mount the running console.

6. After aligning all the walls of the structure, you can proceed to further work on the installation of the column and pouring the base.

It's important to know! In order to correctly install the panels on one side, it is necessary to use the crossbars, which will allow the formwork to be leveled.

The dismantling method consists in carrying out the work in the reverse order: first, the running consoles and tolper braces are removed. After that, the locks are dismantled from the upper area of ​​the structure, and the formwork panels are removed.

Installation instructions for girder and girder formwork

Girder-girder formwork is a structure that consists of beams and girders. All parts are held together with clamps. The main material used in the work is wood, so all work is not time consuming. This material has a low thermal conductivity, in contrast to aluminum column formwork.

Such a formwork assembly scheme has many advantages, which is indicated by the reliability, strength and simplicity of the structure used. Carrying out work does not require significant costs, while the formwork is considered universal. Using this type of construction, you can concrete the columns different sizes... Also, using the beam-transom formwork scheme, you can erect concrete walls different parameters. It is recommended to use only a screwdriver and a hammer to reinforce and shape the formwork.

Formwork advantages:

• it is used to install columns and walls of different heights and sizes;
• intended for building formwork different forms, for example, radius, round and oblique without unnecessary waste;
• allows you to get good quality concrete on the surface of the formwork;
• using this type of assembly of the structure, it will be possible to reduce the number of gaps and ties;
• the formwork is capable of withstanding a large concrete load, up to about 10 t / sq. m.

Detailed assembly instructions girder formwork has the following sequence:

1. Preparing the working platform for the installation of the formwork.

3. Formwork beams of the required length are laid perpendicular to the girders.

4. These beams must be connected to the ledger using special clamps.

5. The approximate distance between the beams should be from 20 to 40 cm, which is determined by the project documentation.

It's important to know! When laying the beams, care must be taken to ensure that they do not line up with the tie-bolt attachment points. On the installed beams, you need to put laminated plywood sheets, while the joints should be in the middle of the beam. Plywood is fixed to the beams using self-tapping screws, which are screwed in every 35-40 cm. The length of the fastener should be 50 or 60 mm. The area where the screws are installed can be puttyed, which will extend the shelf life of the plywood for future use.

Exists different variants installation of formwork, however, not all work can be done by hand. The installation technology for each type of structure is determined by the height and section of the columns. To better study the formwork scheme, we recommend watching the video presented at the end of the article.

Monolithic columns - part of the building, vertical load-bearing elements. The columns are supported balconies, terraces, ceilings... Besides the main functions, the columns are decorative element, decorate entrance group buildings and facade.

Columns receive and transmit the load from the upstream elements to the foundation of the structure. Reinforced concrete pillars connect the structure, serve as a support for the floors.

The architectural term "column" refers directly to to the middle part, support pillar ... The protrusions at the top of the post for supporting floors or crossbars are called capitals or consoles... Sometimes there is a sub-column, a glass for attaching to a columnar foundation.

Types and types

Concrete columns are subdivided by section type, production method.

By the type of section, they are subdivided square, round or rectangular shape.

According to the method of production, they are classified prefabricated elements delivered to the site by ready-made structures or erected at the construction site, monolithic columns.

Features of the device of monolithic columns

Before the production of work, prepare the site, necessary materials, tools, constructions. The site is marked out.

Then they go directly to construction:

• collect the formwork;
• mount the reinforcing cage;
• flood concrete mix;
• carry out concrete care procedures;
• withstand time for the mixture to cure;
• unroll constructs.

Monolithic reinforced concrete columns calculated at the design stage... The section and shape of the column, the diameter of the reinforcement, the type of used will depend on the amount of the planned load, including the dead weight of the element.

Important! Deficiencies in installation and miscalculations lead to the destruction of the structure. With a lack of cross-section, buckling deformation occurs, the column bends under load.

Preparation of tools and materials

The need for materials and tools is determined at the stage of preparation for work. Of the tools you will need:

• metal square, a level for checking the vertical and horizontal surfaces;
• steel bar, will help release the air;
• screwdriver for fastening the formwork;
• vibrator thickens the mixture;
• prefabricated formwork from shields, props.

The concrete mix is ​​delivered to the construction site ready-made or mixed immediately before laying with a concrete mixer. For preparation, take one part of cement, add two parts of sand, mix with two parts of crushed stone and two parts of gravel. By mixing the dry mixture with water, plastic concrete of a homogeneous consistency is achieved.

In addition to the concrete mix, the following materials are required:

• nails, screws for fastening the formwork;
• reinforcing bars of the design section and length;
• steel wire;

Formwork installation

The formwork is installed in the design position. Shields are vertically aligned and reinforced with struts, wooden struts... The braces are anchored with support blocks in two directions to prevent shearing.

When concreting a tall column, the formwork installation process is somewhat different from the usual one. Three sides of the form are assembled, and the fourth face is closed as the formwork is filled with concrete.

Reinforcement

By tying rods together, they get rigid volumetric frame to strengthen concrete. The number of longitudinal rods in the frame is 4-6 pcs. For a square section, four rods at the corners of the element are sufficient; for a rectangular shape, the long side is additionally reinforced. Cross-linking of reinforcement is used when arranging columns up to 2 meters long.

A frame exceeding a length of 2 m is tied with short rods across, with a step of 20-50 cm, taken when calculating according to the planned load.

The capitals are reinforced with reinforcing mesh.

The thickness of the mesh rod is taken from 15 mm, the cell size is 10 x 10 cm.

The reinforcement of the sub-column is carried out by laying the mesh in each step, the size and number of the mesh is taken from the project.

Concreting

After the installation of the formwork and reinforcement cage start concreting, which produce layer by layer, in layers with a thickness of 0.3-0.5 m, preventing the setting of the previous layer. Do not add 50-70 mm mortar to the top of the formwork.

For shrinkage of concrete in columns above 5 meters, suit technological breaks from 40 minutes to 2 hours.

With mechanized feeding of ready-mixed concrete, the feed rate is reduced to avoid delamination. Air is released from the mixture with steel rods, concrete compacted with hand vibrators... In places inaccessible to the vibrator, concrete is compacted manually, by careful bayonetting.

Upon completion of work, produce seasonal care behind the concrete.

Dismantling the formwork

Duration of concrete set to 100% of working strength is 28 calendar days... The indicator may vary from environmental conditions - temperature, humidity, complex of care works. The average period of standing of monolithic columns before stripping is 7-10 days per summer period... This period allows the corners and side faces to form.

note

The columns in the building structure have both a decorative function and a practical one - they are important bearing element building. And since, by default, it is assumed that the supports will be heavily loaded, then naturally they should be made in maximum compliance with all existing norms and rules.

In this article we will talk about how concrete columns are poured correctly, what is important to consider here and what to do is strongly discouraged.

Let's start by looking at the classification of these concrete products and the requirements for them.

Types of products

These designs are divided primarily into the following main categories:

1. Round;
2. Rectangular;
3. Square.

In addition, there are differences in production technology.

Separately, it is worth considering the classification of ready-made concrete products of this type - all data are provided in the table below.

Based on these parameters, you need to choose ready-made prefabricated columns.

Since the installation finished products We will not consider, but we will talk about the device of monolithic supports in detail, then it is worthwhile to understand the requirements for such supports.

Requirements for what should be easily predictable, the mass should be plastic, and solid when solidified.

On the indicator, as well as the characteristics of the reinforcement used.

In particular, the metal must have the following properties:

1. Good weldability;
2. Low likelihood of corrosion;
3. Fatigue strength;
4. An excellent level of adhesion to the structure of the concrete mass.

And of course, for the production of concrete columns to be successful, it is necessary to take into account all the accompanying factors:

1. Number of storeys of the object on which the supports are installed;
2. Purpose of the object- after all, the level of the future load on the columns directly depends on this;
3. Type of soil at the facility;
4. Climatic features of the region where construction is underway.

Advice: in order to make a truly high-quality reinforced concrete support, you should familiarize yourself with the information contained in GOST 23009-78, 18979-90, 25628-90 and 23899-79. In these documents you can find general information O correct manufacture Concrete goods and columns in particular.

In principle, we have finished with the overview of the products, you can proceed directly to their assembly and pouring.

So a short step-by-step instruction for the installation of supports for buildings.

Diy monolithic supports

Before you start, it's worth noting one important point- we will consider the simplest assembly method, which you can easily implement yourself. When building a private house, for example.

It makes no sense to publish a review on self-pouring of pillars for the construction of a plant, you must agree. At least because it is still impossible to cope with such an object alone - you will have to attract many highly qualified specialists who themselves know how to perform such tasks.

Preparatory work and base arrangement

In principle, the preparation here consists mainly in the fact that it is necessary to free up all the space around the future supports so that it is possible to quickly and efficiently assemble the formwork.

But with the foundation, everything is more complicated. At least because there are situations when the pillar needs to be installed on a floor slab or an ordinary screed - in this case, the foundation is almost always impossible to organize.

They usually do this - they make supports with a so-called concrete heel, at the corners of which there are holes for bolts. With these bolts, the heel is attached to the horizontal base, due to which the vertical of the post is held.

Note! Pouring the columns with concrete using this technology automatically implies that the floor slab or floor has a very high level strength. If, for example, the screed is thin, and there is loose soil under it, then, of course, the support will not stand firmly. Therefore, be sure to consider all the features of a particular object.

Now let's figure out how to install the support on the foundation.

If it is possible to go deeper into the ground and pour the base, then the order of its arrangement should be something like this:

1. A hole is dug in the ground with a side width of a meter by a meter and a depth of one meter too (adjusted for the depth of soil freezing).
2. Crushed stone is poured to the bottom, which is then rammed.
3. The walls and bottom of the pit are closed with roofing felt - this will be a waterproofing layer, due to the presence of which the column foundation will last an order of magnitude longer.
4. On the plane of the roofing material, at the bottom, a horizontal frame of reinforcement is assembled. Vertical rods of metal are attached to this frame, which, as it were, go up (above ground level) from the center of the pit.

1. The bottom is filled with concrete. The layer thickness should be about 15-20 centimeters.
2. After the mass hardens, a formwork is made of galvanized steel in the form of a cylinder, which is placed on the bottom so that the vertical rods are in its center. The cylinder diameter should be equal to the diameter of the future column. A deviation upwards is allowed, but not downwards.
3. A concrete mixture is poured inside the cylinder, and the entire space between the galvanized steel and the ground is covered with earth.

As you can see, the result is a kind of concrete "heel" that neither sags nor tilts - it is held back by the weight of the soil around the cylinder.

Please note that the formwork in the form of a cylinder is given as an example - if the column is rectangular or square, then the formwork can accordingly be made the same. That is, not from flexible materials, but, for example, from wood.

If the foundation is ready and metal rods protrude vertically from it, then you can start directly making columns from concrete.

Assembling the metal base and installing the sides

In fact, all the work that is performed before pouring the main amount of the mixture is installation metal frame columns and formwork.

The frame is assembled from thick reinforcement, and the formwork can consist of, for example, the following materials:

• From wooden boards and boards;
• From galvanized sheets;
• Plastic, etc.

It is important here that the formwork is as even as possible, so that later the plane or the shape of the columns does not have to be cut, leveled or extended with plaster. If it turns out unevenly, it will not bring much trouble, but fuss with finishing will definitely be added.

As illustrative example consider the most difficult option formwork - for round supports.

A frame and edging are made like this:

1. The longest reinforcement is tied to the rods that protrude from the foundation with steel wire (also vertically). It is necessary to do everything so that the vertical line as a result consists of several parallel rods. In this case, the metal cannot be placed end-to-end to each other - between the lines there must be a distance of 5 centimeters at least.

Important! Keep in mind that the reinforcement should run at approximately the same distance from the center of the future column and from its edges - this directly affects the bearing capacity of the product. If this is not done, then it turns out that the central axis is strong, and the edges are weak, or vice versa.

1. When the frame of the required height is assembled, the reinforcement is, as it were, wrapped in sheets of galvanized steel, which are stacked on top of each other. In this case, before installing the upper "cylinder" - spacers are installed inside the lower one, due to which the lines of the metal frame are, as it were, fixed in one place at the required distance from the edges of the formwork.

In principle, not all of the formwork can be assembled at once. That is, you can first put one section, fill it, and after the initial setting of the mixture, mount the next level.

There is one difficult point here - pouring means, as a rule, that a liquid mixture, which weighs a lot, will be pressed onto the formwork for some time. And this means that galvanized sheets can "lead", which will lead to deformation of the shape of the column. Therefore, try to fasten the sheets "conscientiously".

If the frame is assembled and the formwork is installed, then in its inner space concrete is poured. After it dries, the sides are removed and the support, in fact, is ready for further finishing.

This concludes our review. Now let's summarize.

Output

We figured out in detail the classification of columns and in what ways they can be made. In addition, we considered in what sequence and how do-it-yourself concrete columns are poured. We hope that the information will be useful to you in practice.

Well, if you want to know even more, then we sincerely advise you to watch the additional video in this article.

Columns are load-bearing engineering structures that provide the structure with vertical strength and rigidity. Depending on the level formed bearing capacity and the manufacturing method, today several types of columns are being built: metal, prefabricated and monolithic. As one of the main methods of erecting a column structure, concrete pouring of columns is considered the most common.

Column erection helps to shorten construction time.

Therefore, the most popular, cost-effective and often used in self-construction are monolithic columns. The advantages of metal racks and monolithic columns are considered to be their very fast erection, which makes it possible to shorten the construction time.

Process features

Metal columns are installed using special equipment.

At the extreme corners of the house (in places of least load), columns can be made of steel square pipes with a total cross-section of 150 mm, which are connected to the base and ceiling surface by means of anchors.

The only drawback of using this type of columns is their rather complicated installation (using a crane). This is not always advisable when self-installation and concreting of columns.

Small in area can also act as columns brick walls... On verandas and porches, you can use rounded log columns or timber... On concrete base they are fixed by installation in steel glasses pre-fixed with anchors, followed by concreting.

The most important columnar structures in a house are the columns located in the central part of the building.

Laying concrete in columns: a - up to 5 m; more than 5 m high; c - with dense reinforcement; d - formwork scheme with a removable board; 1 - formwork; 2- clamp; 3- tub; 4- vibrator with flexible shaft; 5 - receiving funnel; 6-link trunk; 7- hinged vibrator; 8, 9- pockets; 10- removable shield.

In most cases, columns of a certain (design) section with a metal reinforced frame are made here, which are cast from concrete using inventory formwork.

Pouring concrete columns is a responsible event that requires certain knowledge and skills of the contractor. Ideally, the concrete should be poured into the columns in one go to avoid the appearance of intermediate cold joints.

In doing so, it is important to ensure that cold seam the columns had a strictly horizontal position. V otherwise the column will be subject to destruction.

List of instruments

To efficiently fill the columns with concrete, you will need the following set of tools and construction equipment:

A concrete pump is required when erecting columns.

• corner with a right angle;
• wooden struts with stakes;
• level (you can use water);
• screws (if possible using a screwdriver) and nails;
• hammer (sledgehammer);
• metal wire;
• reinforced bars (or mesh);
• boards with the maximum width (for creating formwork panels);
• external or internal vibrators (or concrete pump), which, if necessary, can be replaced with a metal bar;
• roulette;
• concrete mixer (or any equipment for mixing concrete mortar);
• anchor bolts;
• various types of clamps;
• metal rod.

Construction stages

Pouring the columns with concrete implies the following construction stages

Column formwork: shield, anchor, brace.

Reinforcement works

When arranging columns, the installation of vertical reinforcement with an average diameter of 12 mm or more is usually used, consisting of 4 main bayonets (rods) placed in the shape of a square (at its main corners). For the convenience of installing the reinforcement of columns with a height of more than 3 m, it is necessary to equip a scaffold with a flooring more than 1 m wide with fences within 0.8 m in height every 2 m in height. The frame bases of the columns can be assembled in different ways.

With small dimensions, volumes and weight, the column frame can be installed in the future formwork box, which is done manually by tilting finished structure frame. If the diameter of the reinforcement is not more than 16-20 mm and it is quite heavy, then it would be more expedient to first assemble the base of the frame, and then knit it in place, installing separate rods. When placing the finished frame of the columns and its further unfastening, all kinds of supports and boards are used.

During the ligament (or welding) work on the installation of the vertical frames of the columns, it is advisable not to stand on their rods. The reinforcing rods are fastened together with special clamps (metal wire) at a certain distance from each other, which is usually 40 cm.

Formwork installation

V usual cases a formwork box is assembled with the necessary internal dimensions(for example, 25x25 cm). It should be fastened very carefully. The formwork is mounted on 4 sides of the prepared reinforced column.

Wooden struts are installed with stakes on all sides of the column. With high column dimensions, the formwork is assembled from 3 sides, and the remaining side is built up during the concreting process. The box of the formwork structure (made of boards, plywood, etc.) must be leveled and fixed with screws to hold the concrete solution inside. With the help of a corner, the correspondence of right angles is checked.

Concreting

Has its own nuances. When casting columns, one of the main parameters is considered. For standard monolithic columns, concrete with a mobility P2-P3 is used, and when pouring columns of densely reinforced structures, it is advisable to use concrete with a mobility value of P4 or higher. This type of concrete mix is ​​also called cast concrete. This type of concrete tolerates the process of placing it in the formwork quite well, even without the involvement of various vibrators and concrete pumps. When conducting