Modern split systems in their composition have outdoor block and internal unit of air conditioner.When installing the air conditioner of the multi split system of free configuration with one outer and several internal blocks, it is possible to choose the internal blocks of the air conditioner of the channel, cassette, floor, ceiling types, which allows you to perfectly enter the internal unit of the air conditioner in the design of any, even the most exquisite, interior. Consider in more detail the device of the indoor unit of the air conditioner And their varieties.

Internal unit of air conditioner. Device

Internal block Air conditioner Wall type consists of:
1. Front panel - It is a plastic lattice through which air flows inside the block. The panel is easily removed to maintain the air conditioner (filter cleaning, etc.)

2. Filter rough Cleaning - represents plastic grid and is designed to delay large dust, animal wool, etc. For normal operation, the air conditioner filter must be cleaned at least twice a month. In the latest air conditioners, some manufacturers have an automatic filter cleaning system.

3. Filter of fine cleaning - There can be different types: coal (removes unpleasant odors), electrostatic (delays fine dust), etc. The presence or absence of fine cleaning filters no effect on the operation of the air conditioner does not have, but has a clean air in the room. Air conditioners with surround air purification systems are more expensive. Such filters are equipped with premium air conditioners segment (for example, Mitsubishi Electric MSZ-FD25VA and MSZ-FD35VA air conditioners).

4. Fan - has 3 - 4 rotational speeds.

5. The evaporator is a radiator in which heating of cold freon and its evaporation occurs. Blowing through the radiator air, respectively, is cooled.

6. Horizontal shutters - regulate the direction of the air flow vertically. These blinds have an electric drive and their position can be adjusted from the console remote control. In addition, blinds can automatically perform oscillatory movements for the uniform distribution of the air flow through the room.

7. Indicator panel - On the front panel of the indoor unit of the air conditioner, indicators (LEDs) or LED displays are installed, showing the operating mode of the air conditioner, the selected temperature and other necessary information. If you have self-diagnostic mode, the display displays the error code possible malfunction. It is very convenient.

8. Vertical blinds - Serve to adjust the direction of the air flow horizontally. Usually in household air conditioners, the location of the blinds can only be adjusted manually. Ability to automatic adjustment vertical Blinds Using the remote control is present only in some premium models of the segment.

9. Pallet for condensation (not shown in the figure) - located under the evaporator and serves to collect condensate (water formed on the surface of the cold evaporator). From the pallet, the water is displayed out through the drainage hose.

10. Management board (Not shown in the figure) - usually located on the right side of the indoor unit. The electronics unit with the central microprocessor is placed on this board.

11. Equipment compounds (Not shown in the figure) - located at the bottom rear of the indoor unit. They are connected to them copper tubesconnecting outdoor and internal blocks.

Internal block of wall-type

The appearance of the indoor unit of the air conditioner or in other words, its type may be different. The most popular are wall split systems, which in their composition have wall inner block. This is the most economically advantageous layout of the multi system, because Wall internal blocks are cheaper than other types of internal blocks.

Internal channel block

These internal blocks are used where the maintenance of the air conditioner is necessary and there is no desire to place anything on the walls, the ceiling. The internal blocks of the channel type are usually placed in the dressing rooms or hide behind the suspended ceiling in a specially reserved place. These blocks require the availability of service tricks for periodic service. Cold or warm air The room is carried out using air ducts.

Cassette inner block

This type of internal blocks is used when there is no possibility to place wall blocks. The cassette internal unit may be single-threaded and 4th thread. Single-threaded cassette blocks are commonly used for air conditioning in apartments and country houses. For large, volumetric office premises, shops, and the like four-way cassette internal blocks apply.

Air Conditioning Dimensions of the Inner Block

As you already know the split system can have in its composition different types Blocks, respectively, and dimensions of the indoor unit differ. The dimensions of the indoor unit of the air conditioned type differ depending on the manufacturer and air conditioner power. The higher the power of the wall split system, the more dimensions of the inner block. On average, the width of the air conditioner of the indoor unit ranges from 780 to 1100 mm.

Offered by some firms, such as Fujitsu. The Standart Series Fujitsu Air Conditioner has a small internal unit with dimensions of 260x790x198mm. In ruler wall-mounted air conditioners Daikin is represented by the latest split system Daikin Emura FTXG25J, which has the thinnest size of the indoor unit - Block thickness is only 156 mm!

LG offers original wall interior blocks of air conditioners LG Art Cool Gallery Square Shape. These internal blocks provide a unique image replacement. You can install in internal block of air conditioner LG Any picture or photo.

Air conditioners with 2 internal blocks are most often used for air conditioning several adjacent rooms. This system uses one outdoor and two internal blocks. Internal blocks can be both wall-mounted and cassette or channel. Systems with two internal blocks are called multi split systems.

Technical consultants of the company Thermomir will be prompting the size of the indoor unit of the air conditioner and help choose the desired model.

Air conditioning - the most effective method Provide a pleasant climate in the room in summer and even in winter. Split systems are considered the most popular and common types of air conditioners. They are the quiet air conditioners consist of external block And the wall inner block installed in the room. Installation of the outdoor unit is allowed both on the facade of the building and on the loggia / balcony or on the roof.

On sale presented wide selection Air conditioners the best marks and brands from manufacturers from Japan, Korea, China and Europe wholesale and retail low prices From a warehouse in Moscow. The most budgetary air conditioners are Chinese split systems, reliable and high-quality - Japanese and Korean. The sale of air conditioners with a discount on the promotion is carried out from official dealers with a warranty. Offered delivery and professional installation of air conditioners, incl. free.

Good and inexpensive split systems are presented on this page and in the Menu of the Official Site Thermomir. Prepare power calculation, suggest prices and top rating the best air conditioners For reliability and quality, choose and order the air conditioner will help you with our technical experts.

Among climatic equipment, split systems were most popular. Their design includes an external and internal air conditioner unit. For convenience and functionality corresponds to the room module.

The internal unit is responsible for the convenience and functionality of the air conditioner.

Main types of equipment

In the climatic equipment market there are 2 types of two-component installations - household and semi-industrial. The first are most popular, they are often used at home or for climate control in offices and small rooms. To cool or heating a large space (trading areas, hairdressers, etc.), semi-industrial air conditioners are used.

The internal unit is the evaporative equipment of a two-component air conditioner. The design and design of the indoor unit can be different. Each manufacturer completes them with certain operating modes and additional features. By type, such modules are:

• nasty;
• ceiling;
• channel;
• columns;
• ceiling outdoor.

Most of the modern equipment is controlled by both the control panel on the module itself and from the remote control, and also there are models with the Bluetooth and Wi-Fi control function.

Outdoor ceiling air conditioning

Principle of operation

The principle of operation of the air conditioning room module is based on forced circulation Air, cooling it or heating. The air intake is carried out through a special hole in the module housing. The fan operation allows you to push the airflow back to the room, pre-heated or cooled with a heat exchanger located in the internal unit of the air conditioner.

Depending on the operation mode, the device may not only be heated or cooling the room using freon, but also purify air from dust and harmful impurities.

Thanks installed system Filters can be achieved by human health microclimatic conditions, even if the air conditioner serves household and industrial premises Low and middle levels of contamination.

Device internal block

Dimensions of the device

The dimensions of the internal blocks may be different. The domestic equipment used is often rectangular. The design of the same semi-industrial air conditioners includes a large square or rectangular room module connected to the ventilation channel, mainly ceiling type. The size of the equipment is determined by the spacious capacity of the room - the volume of airspace.

The manufacturers of climate techniques have in their model row Both small and medium and large modules. The width of the wall apparatus can vary within 70-160 cm, the height is 20-32 cm, and the depth is 16-20 cm. The larger the size of the room unit, the more powerful and the more installed the heat exchanger. Than the dimension block, the greater the area it can serve. Maximum area - 70 sq.m.

But some manufacturers of climatic equipment adhere to minimalism in the dimensions of the internal blocks. The serving volume remains high due to increased fan power.

Semi-industrial air conditioners are less popular due to features mounting work and the cost of such equipment. Nevertheless, there are compact cassette devices that are easily installed in the suspended ceiling. The sides of the square module can be from 500 mm to 1 m. The power of such equipment can be from 1 to 4 kW. Most of this block hides in the ventilation channel. Only the removable device cover, as well as the control panel, repents on the surface.

Devices

Under a neat square or rectangular front panel of the indoor unit of the air conditioner, a variety of details are hidden, the work of which allows you to transfer cold or hot air into the room. The internal unit of the household split system includes:

1. Corps and removable plastic paneldesigned for convenience in the process of repair and operation.
2. Filter system. The design of the apparatus includes a coarse filter. Separate models can use coal and electrostatic types of filtration systems.
3. Evaporator. This is a radiator in which the refrigerant is received.
4. Fan. Its work allows you to circulate chilled or heated air.
5. Control board and indicator panel. Electrical equipment that allows you to operate in the user installed mode.
6. Blinds (horizontal and vertical type). Used to change the direction of air flow in a user specified direction.

From the reverse side of the indoor unit there are fitting connections that are necessary for connecting the device to the outer part of the split system. Depending on the manufacturer and the model of the device, they can be in the left or right of the device.

Installing block

Installation of the indoor unit split system can be different. The most convenient location of the device is a wall, bordering the street. The reason for this is the minimum length of the track ( metal pipes). As necessary, the part of the tracks located in the room can be hidden into special boxes or in a latched wall. The recommended distance from external to the internal blocks is up to 5 m.

Installing the internal unit of the device is performed after installation of the outer part of the device. Done through hole In the wall (for laying communications), after which it is determined with the location of the room module.

It is important that the operation of the device does not interfere with curtains and furniture. The installation of the room module itself includes:

1. Installation of the mounting plate. In a predetermined place, holes in the wall drill. Installation of the plate is made moving in a set with the apparatus of fasteners.
2. Strusting the channel for communication (pipes and power cord).
3. Connecting pipes and power cable. The installation of pipes requires certain skills as well as use vacuum pumpwhich will allow you to roll out air from the system.
4. Installing the room unit, the device is mounted on the plate.

Internal blocks of air conditioners should be placed away from furniture, heating radiators, curtains, and also household deviceswhich may interfere with the work of climatic equipment. Adhering to such recommendations, it is possible not only to make the quality of the air conditioner efficient, but also secure it from breakdowns.

Conclusion

Internal (room) The air conditioner unit may be part of household or semi-industrial climatic equipment. The most popular household equipment, which has small dimensions. It often has a rectangular or square shape and does not take up much space on the wall of residential or non-residential premises.

The device is the device of their hull, filter systems, evaporator, fan and electronics. The installation of such equipment is made on a special bar, which is mounted on the wall.

For air conditioning residential premises and administrative buildings Install split systems different species and types. Split system is a device consisting of two blocks: outdoor and internal. The first is put out on the street, the second is mounted in the room. Both modules are connected copper pipelinewhich circulates the working gas (Freon), and electrical communications.

Types of split systems and types of internal blocks

The view is a more generalizing concept applicable to technical devices Climate control regarding their destination for certain buildings. Type has a narrow semantic direction, under which any feature of the design or design is meant.

Split systems are subdivided by types and by types. There are two types of two-component installations: household and commercial or semi-industrial. The first mounted in apartments or small offices, the second - in stores, hairdressers and other similar establishments.

All split systems are divided into types regarding the design and design of the indoor unit:

• wall;
• cassette;
• columns;
• channel;
• outdoor ceiling.

Each manufacturer releases split systems with different types of internal blocks, completing them with those or other functions and standard set Working modes in which cooling and ventilation available in the air room. It is the parameters of this part of the system justify the choice of buyers.

Regardless of the dimensions and external performance, any room module consists of:

• heat exchanger (evaporator);
• fan;
• air distribution lattice;
• input filter;
• guide blinds;
• front panel;
• lEDs;
• temperature sensors.

Fine cleaning filters, winter set and others additional elements Go as an option at the request of the customer. The composition may include an assembly board if the block has a wall-mounted version. The parameters of the work are specified from the remote control. Some expensive technology models have the ability to manage the functionality via the Internet, from the phone or from the central controller.

Principle of operation of the indoor unit of the air conditioner

In general, cooling looks like this: to absorb heat from the room and highlight the coolness, the fan of the inner block pulls the heated air out of the room, after which the process of absorbing the heat refrigerant begins when it passes through a cold serpent.

The refrigerant is liquid gas (Freon), at the expense of which the air is cooling. In essence, it is a carrier of heat. In the process of transferring the air of the cold and the fence of heat, he changes its condition, that is, evaporates. This happens in the heat exchanger of the indoor unit. Here is out liquid state Freon goes into gaseous. He took the heat, the air cooled and falls through the fan back to the room. The heat output process is already under the outer block.

If it is easier to speak, the role of the internal module is the fence of warm air, it is cooling and issuing back to the room. When the device is working on heating, it, on the contrary, becomes the heat conductor, changing with the outer module performed by the functions. This principle employs internal blocks of all types.

Internal wall-type blocks and their size

wall inner block

Low air conditioners include wall models - the most popular among buyers. They resemble a rectangle or a square as the LG ART COOL Gallery LG wall instruments. They are hanging on the wall in a convenient place for the user, so that the processed air does not go to the constant location of the person.

Select the required size of the indoor unit of the air conditioner relative to the roomy capacity of the room. Each manufacturer has ruler of large, standard, and even reduced climate control devices.

The concept of the size of the indoor unit of the air conditioner includes such values \u200b\u200bas:

• height;
• width;
• depth.

The minimum height can be about 24-25 cm, width - 70-74 cm, and the depth - 18-19 cm. For example, the company produces a series wall Split With the depth of the indoor unit, only 18 cm, which significantly expands the possibilities of installing such a device at different points of the room.

The maximum height of the wall room module can reach up to 30-32 cm, the width is 110-120 cm, and the depth is about 30 cm. For example, Mitsubishi Electric produces a series of inverter splits with such parameters.

If the internal air conditioner unit has a non-standard execution, for example, it is assumed to be a vertical location in the room, then these parameters can change much.

As a rule, air conditioners, and not only wall mounted, there is a direct dependence of the sizes of the internal unit from it internal device, More precisely, from the size of the heat exchanger and space for it blowing air. Than they are less, the smaller the device, and the worse performance.

Some manufacturers retain normal performance with a decrease in dimensions by increasing the fan speed, but a new drawback appears - increased noise. It is of paramount importance when choosing an air conditioner in an apartment. This trouble can be avoided by improving air flow. Although in any case a very powerful split can not have a small internal module.

Today, some manufacturers have paid their attention to the release of non-standard room modules for wall-type splits. For example, LG in the ArtCool series offers square devices with the possibility of changing the picture on the body, and everyone surprised the output of the vertical indoor unit of the air conditioner with a non-standard air distribution into two sides, which is more characteristic of outdoor ceiling models. Gree is no longer the first year's corner appliances, but in Russia it is difficult to find them.

As a rule, the vertical indoor unit of the air conditioner, and the corner, and the square buyers prefer either due to saving space, or purely from designer preferences.

Semi-industrial air conditioners and their size

The remaining types of the internal unit of the air conditioner are classified as semi-industrial equipment, but low-power models of such devices can be installed in ordinary apartments.

Cassette module has square forms and easily fit in the cell suspended ceiling. Its dimensions can be 600 × 600 mm or 800 × 800 mm, although some manufacturers produce a series of super compact cassettes with dimensions of 500 × 500 mm.

Along with cassette internal modules in a fake ceiling (or wall), sew channel devices representing a hybrid supply installation and air conditioning. They not only cool the room, but can freely update room air Through an outdoor impact with an additional equipment - supply installation. In both species of these climate control units, only distribution grilles are visible.

The only disadvantage - they need an inter-storage space at least 30 cm for mounting.

Column air conditioners are like an elongated wardrobe. They are placed in large rooms on the floor where a large cooling capacity is required. Their dimensions significantly exceed the size of any wall model, but this is a necessity, since it is impossible to achieve this power in a different way.

The outdoor-ceiling splits are completely compact and at the same time quite productive for rooms up to 100-120 m². Their inner block in shape resembles a modern radiator. They are easy to care and use. The main advantage is two ways to attach such an inner block: to the wall and on the ceiling. If the module hangs on the wall just above the floor, then blowing goes into two sides, exciting even the most complex and hard-to-reach areas of the room. That is why outdoor ceiling models love to mount in rooms with a complex configuration.

Technical characteristics of air conditioning

Not only design, but also specifications The internal unit of the air conditioner causes the purchase of a system. After all, depending on how correctly they were picked up, the device will either work correctly, or quickly spends the laid potential.

What is the main technical characteristics are important when selecting an indoor unit of air conditioner to the room? We look at the example of the air conditioner LG ART COOL GALLERY.

Each manufacturer, these data can be complemented by other parameters, so the technical characteristics of the internal unit of the air conditioner usually look or on a signboard or in the user manual.

Conclusion: Any room unit is endowed with cooling and heating (kW) capacity, electricity consumption (kW), air consumption (m³ / hour), as well as specific sizes and weight.

With the power of consumption, the question is slightly complicated by the fact that it may not specifically indicate for the indoor unit. More often in the characteristics they write the parameters of consumption in general for the split system, while it consumes much less than the outer device - an average of 100-200 W.

Features of the installation of air conditioner

Installation of a wall-mounted module can be very diverse. Most often, the block is fixed on the right or left of the window and as close as possible to the outer, so that the length of the track does not exceed the recommended length of 5 meters. If, if necessary, these values \u200b\u200bare increased, the highway is delayed in the stroke in the wall or gently fit into the decorative plastic box along with the rest of the connecting communications.

Other types of internal blocks are mounted in the places allotted for them:

• channel - in suspended construction Ceiling room or to avoid noise, in non-residential room - in the storage room, corridor, restroom;
• cassette - in the suspended design of the ceiling so that blowing from the lattice is not at the place of stay of people, but in an unused zone;
• outdoor Ceiling - on the wall of 15-20 cm from the floor or on the ceiling in place, from where the air will divert over the entire surface;
• column - On an even durable floor.

The internal block should not fall straight rays of the sun, any effect on it heat sources is also eliminated.

Internal air conditioner unit on loggia

Sometimes the customer may require the installation of the inner unit of the air conditioner on the loggia, explaining it to the fear of bottlement, limited space indoors, reluctance to stick the wall or have a long track packed in the box. Another reason for such a request can be the impossibility of finding the zone in the room that the tenants would be used. This happens with a large crowd of people in one room.

Is it possible to install an internal unit of the air conditioner on the loggia, if so, then what kind of requirements should be taken into account?

• A warm air from the window and cracks under it is excluded. Glasses are hung dense curtains, and the walls provide tightness;
• It is necessary to make the door and window openings between the residential area and the loggia, so that the processed air is freely circulated throughout the territory;
• Give preference to inverter models so that with a strong load (and it will necessarily, with this device, the compressor did not work in constant start-stop mode;
• Hodged power takes with a good reserve, as to achieve in the room 22 ° C, 18 ° C will have to be put on the loggia.

Even when performing the required conditions, the problem occurs regularly. First, the difference in temperatures will still be felt. Simply put, on the loggia north PoleWhile in the room only a little will become cool. Secondly, the potential even the inverter still exists much faster.

Competent specialists will never advise the internal block from the air conditioner on the loggia, based on all listed items.

Methods for mounting the air conditioner to the wall or ceiling

Depending on the type of inner block, there are two types of its mounting to the wall or ceiling. Household split systems hang on the mounting plates. This happens according to the following scheme:

• holes are drilled in the wall;
• dowels are inserted into them;
• the mounting plate is screwed;
• it hangs air conditioner.

Thus, the inner block is fastened to the wall only wall models. Commercial modules are fixed with special studs on another scheme:

• mark on the ceiling place of fasteners;
• drill holes;
• insert collet mounts;
• they screw the studs;
• block hangs on the studs;
• spin nuts.

It is worth remembering that the installation of channel systems with air ducts is carried out at the stage of construction and repair work. The remaining splits can be installed at any time.

Concept electrical schemes of air conditioner

For the correct installation of the internal module use fundamental electrical circuits The air conditioner on which all inter-block connections and their connectivity are indicated. Without them it is impossible to carry out installation, since there is no single scheme, but for different types Modules are completely different. The same applies to ON / OFF and inverter splits.

Each manufacturer has a diagram of the inner block of the same type can vary greatly, therefore, only the one that is attached to the manufacturer's manual is used.

Air conditioner service and diagnostics

Each split-system needs regular maintenance, which involves cleaning blocks from external and internal contamination, as well as diagnosing faults and refueling freon as needed.

Can I somehow clean the internal unit of the air conditioner at home? Yes, it is real, but undesirable, since an inexperienced user can damage any part of the device. If you still have no opportunity to call, then a person needs to know how to disassemble the internal air conditioner unit to wash the filters, a fan and heat exchanger.

First remove decorative panel, To do this, click on the latches on the sides, and the case cover easily leaves. Then carefully remove the filters, a fan, a tray for collecting condensate and washed them under the jets flowing water. The heat exchanger is wiped with a damp cloth, as it is a stationary detail. After cleaning, all the elements are wipe and installed back.

At the end of the article, you can watch the video on how to disassemble the internal unit of the air conditioner and how to clean it without the help of specialists.

To implement these actions, you will need a soft rag from microfiber and a special foam for cleaning split systems.

Even if, with how to clean and disassemble the internal unit of the air conditioner, there will be no problems, it will not be able to refuel and diagnose the user, so you have to call specialists with professional equipment and materials.

In what cases may still need to help the master? The user should alert such moments as:

• bad cooling;
• unusual noises and vibrations;
• block frost;
• the inability to turn on the air conditioner;
• caring for fault codes mode.

Many users are interested in why the internal air conditioner is frozen, and how serious it is. Such a sign suggests that:

• the split system lacks freon;
• there has been a strong contamination of some work units and filters;
• the device is used with an invalid temperature.

Using the measurement of the operating pressure, the master will immediately determine if the system is actually not enough freon. Contaminated internal elements can be seen independently, removing the cover of the housing. Also, the cause of the frost of the indoor unit of the air conditioner can be too long a highway, which installers simply did not directly.

If any deviations are selected in the split system of a split system, you must immediately invite a specialist.

Group of Companies "Mel" - Wholesale supplier of air conditioning systemsMitsubishi.Heavy.Industries..

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Before viewing such, it would seem, a simple topic, like the maximum length of the air conditioner pipelines (open the manufacturer's catalog and see which maximum length), I want to ask one question: what is the engineer in our specialty? What looks into the catalog and gives what is written there? But this can be done and the usual manager, knowledge of hydraulics and thermodynamics is not necessary for this. Probably the engineer is a specialist who sees a little deeper catalog numbers. A specialist who can explain where these numbers come from.

I remember, there was a dispute with a respected person, who in the defense of the catalogs said the following phrase: "If I have an instruction in my hands, how to build a blue house, then I can't build a red house, because It will be a violation of the instruction ... "

So the engineer is probably a person who can build a "house" of any color: understanding what the foundation is bearing wallsOverlapping and roofing buildings. It does not matter what at the same time the house will be color.

Split air conditioning systems possess one an important characteristic - maximum distance from the outdoor unit to the internal. Moreover, in real objects, this parameter often becomes defining when the air conditioner is selected. The greater the performance of the cold air conditioner - the greater the length of the air conditioner's track allows the manufacturer (Table 1 using the example of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries).

Table 1.

For models of 2 kW cold, the maximum length of the air conditioner highway is, as a rule, 15 meters, and for semi-industrial models 7 kW and above - up to 50 meters. For some models, the length of pipelines can reach 100 meters.

But often forget about one important details - The performance of the air conditioner in the directories is indicated at the standard length of the pipelines of 7.5 meters, and at the maximum length of the air conditioner, the air conditioner will be less. How less - look at these tables:

Table 2.

Equivalent length is the length of the direct pipeline, the pressure loss in which the same as real (with local resistances).

In principle, the power loss is not large - for the 50th model with a length of 30 meters (equivalent length) loss when working on the cold is only 3.4% of the power. On the other hand, for the model 140th, the loss for 50 meters of length is already 17%.

Now you need to pay attention to the theory.

In fig. 1 depicts a classic freon cycle in the air conditioner circuit. Moreover, I ask you to pay attention that this is a cycle for any systems on the R410A freon, the cycle does not depend on the performance of the air conditioner or brand. Let's start from the point D, with the parameters in which (temperature 75С, pressure 27.2 bar) freon enters the condenser of the outer block. Freon is currently superheated gas, which first cools up to the saturation temperature (about 45 ° C), then begins to condense at point A, completely transfers from gas to liquid. Then there is a fluid overcooling to the point A '(temperature 40С). It is believed that the optimal value of 5C supercooling. After the heat exchanger of the outer block, the refrigerant enters the throttling device (TRV or capillary) and its parameters change to point B (temperature 5c, pressure 9.3 bar). Moreover, it is important that after throttle in the liquid pipeline, the mixture of liquid and gas is incorporated. The greater the magnitude of freon hypothermia in the condenser, the greater the proportion of liquid freon enters the internal unit, the higher the efficiency of the air conditioner.

B-C is the boiling process of freon in the inner unit with a constant temperature of about 5C, C-C '- overheating of the freon to + 10c.

C '- L is the process of suction of freon into the compressor and pressure loss. Similar process D '- M.

L - M is the process of compression of gaseous freon in the compressor with an increase in pressure and temperature.

Fig. 1. Freon cycle in refrigerator On the i-LGP chart

Parameters of freon R410A in the nodal points of the refrigeration cycle

The pressure loss in the system depends on the rate of freon V and the hydraulic characteristics of the network:

Liquid pipeline - 0.3-1.2 m / s

Gas pipeline - 6-12 m / s

What will happen with air conditioning with an increase in the hydraulic characteristics of the network (due to elevated length or large number local resistances)? Increased pressure losses in the gas pipeline will lead to a pressure drop at the entrance to the compressor. The compressor will capture a smaller pressure refrigerant and means less density. Refrigerant flow will fall. At the output, the compressor will produce less pressure and fall the condensation temperature. The reduced condensation temperature will lead to a reduced evaporation temperature and frost gas pipeline.

If the increased pressure loss will occur on a liquid pipeline, the process is even more interesting: since we found out that freon is in a saturated state in the liquid pipeline, or rather even a mixture of liquid and gas bubbles, then any pressure loss will lead to low refrigerant boost. and an increase in the share of gas. The increase in the share of gas will lead to a sharp increase in volume pAROGAZONAY MOVEY and an increase in the speed of movement along the liquid pipeline. The increased speed of movement will again cause increased pressure losses and the process will be "avalanche". Here is the conditional schedule of specific pressure losses depending on the speed of the freon movement in the pipeline:

Fig. 2. Freon pressure loss along pipeline length.

It can be considered as a graph of pressure loss in length. If, for example, pressure loss with a length of pipelines of 15 meters is 400 Pa, then with an increase in the length of pipelines twice - to 30 meters, the losses increase not twice and 800 pa, and 7 times to 2,800 pa. Therefore, a simple increase in pipeline length is doubled relative to its standard fatal lengths for air conditioning.

How to increase the length of the tracks more than standard values?

To do this, you need to solve two problems:

Problem 1 - the problem of increased pressure loss in length in pipelines.

As we found out, elevated pressure losses lead to a sharp decrease in the air conditioner power on cold, a decrease in freon consumption and compressor overheating. Which in turn will lead to the encoding or combustion of the engine windings. That this does not happen, we must reduce the specific pressure loss by reducing the speed of movement in pipelines. Those. Just increase the diameters of pipelines. The decrease in the speed of freon movement is twice reduces the pressure loss of 4 times (formula 1) and, accordingly, for the same time it allows to increase the length of pipelines.

To check it on real Equipment, Let's take another look at Table 2: Power loss to cold for the 71st and 140th models with a length of 50 meters.

71th Model Correction coefficient 0.94. Losses 6%

140-yamodel Correction coefficient 0.829. Losses 17.1%

So, pressure losses decreased 17.1 / 6 \u003d 2.85 times

The 140th model is exactly two times more powerful than the 71st, and the pipelines there are the same (3/8 and 5/8). Therefore, the speed of the freon movement is exactly two times less. Pressure loss that obey the quadratic dependence on speed should be about 36%. In fact less, because The reference point is not from 0 meters, but from 7.5 meters.

That is, with a decrease in freon rate, the pressure loss is also reduced at least twice (in practice more than two).

Now let's see once again on Table 1:

The diameter of the liquid pipeline is 6.35 mm operates both on a system with a capacity of 2.0 kW and on the 7.1 kW system. On the 7 kW model, the length of the pipes can reach 30 meters, it means that there are no critical pressure losses at such a length. The disposable compressor pressure, as we have already found out, does not depend on the air conditioner power. Therefore, the same liquid pipelines for models from 2 to 7 kW are due to the absence of smaller diameter pipes. For models from 2 to 5 kW, the liquid pipeline is taken "with a stock".

But the diameter of the gas pipeline is selected closer to real values, so its cross section varies from 9.52 mm to 15.88 mm.

Considering all the above, you can make the following table:

Table 3. Increase permissible length Pipelines when changing their diameter.

Power loss at the specified maximum length will be from 10% to 15%. As follows from Table 2, MHI power losses are allowed to 20%.

Problem 2 - Return oil into the compressor.

By increasing the diameter of the gas pipeline, we reduce the rate of motion of the refrigerant, and therefore the effect of separating the oil can occur and stroke it in pipelines and "oil traps". To this not happen, in some outer blocks MHI, special devices are provided - oil separators.

Fig. 3. Freon circuit of the external blocks of FDC200 (250) VS

Table 5. Power loss of external blocks of 200 and 250 index when different diameters Gas pipeline.

But on most, there are no oil separators. On the other hand, the problem of separating the oil was more characteristic of Freon R22. First, because the viscosity of mineral oil used with freon R22 is greater than the polyester for Freon R410A. Secondly, the density of the R410A is higher, the disposable pressure is higher, therefore the diameters of the pipelines per 1-2 sizes are less.

In any case, an increase in the diameter of gas pipelines is allowed on horizontal sections. Those. At the vertical sections of the pipeline, it is necessary to use a standard (catalog) diameter, and on the horizontal you can go to the diameter of the larger section.

Example:

In the residential complex of G. Perm on each floor of the building highlighted special premises for external blocks of air conditioners. But the length of the pipelines that occurs at the same time, reaches 40 meters. The maximum length of the household split split system of any manufacturer is a maximum of 25 meters. However, in the case of an increase in the diameter of the gas pipeline to 1/2, the air conditioner pipeline can reach 40 meters. The household model SRK35ZJ-S mounted. The plot near the outdoor unit is performed by standard (1/4, 3/8), then approximately 1 meter transition gas pipe Prior to a diameter ½ on a soldering, and then near the inner block reverse transition to 3/8. Liquid tube unchanged.

More than 10 air conditioners are mounted for such a scheme. The very first more than 2 years ago. All air conditioners work fine.

Conclusions.

1. An increase in the maximum length of the air conditioning highway is possible with an increase in the diameter of the pipelines. Recommendations for the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries brand are shown in Table 3.
2. An increase in the diameter of the gas pipeline is possible only on horizontal sites.

In this case, it is necessary to carry out an additional refrigerant refueling to an increased length of the liquid pipeline according to Table 4.