In order to effectively solve problems such as pumping from great depth and supply to the autonomous water supply system of water, it is necessary to understand the device of a submersible pump for a well. The use of such pumps allows water to be pumped out of wells, the depth of which reaches 80 meters. In this article, we will consider how a submersible pump works, what categories it is divided into and how to choose the right device.

Types of pumping equipment for pumping liquid media from wells

The main purpose of submersible pumps is to pump out a liquid medium from an underground source and then transport it through the pipeline system under a certain pressure. Hydromachines of this type various systems are equipped, which, in particular, include autonomous water supply and drainage systems, irrigation systems, etc.

Depending on the scope of application, submersible pumps can be related to:

• devices industrial use, which, due to their high power, are able to lift the liquid pumped by them from a depth of up to 1000 meters (such equipment is significant in size and is used in various industries);
• submersible pumps household use used to ensure effective work autonomous water supply systems country houses and summer cottages, as well as for the functioning of irrigation systems (submersible pumps of this type are compact in size and sufficiently high power).

According to the installation scheme, sucker rod and rodless submersible pumps are distinguished in the well. Devices of the second type, in particular, include pumping units with electric centrifugal pumps (ESP).

A sucker rod pump is a hydraulic machine, the drive motor of which is located on the surface of the earth, outside the well, while only its intake part is immersed in the pumped liquid medium. The rods present in the design of such a device are designed to transfer the thrust generated by the drive motor to the intake part.

The drive motor of rodless pumps is located in the same housing with the intake mechanism and is immersed in the pumped liquid medium together with it. Such submersible devices are most widespread, since they are more convenient both in installation and in operation.

On Various types submersible pumping equipment is also divided according to design and the principle of action. So, depending on these parameters, deep pumps of the centrifugal and vortex, or vibration, type are distinguished.

A submersible centrifugal pump is a device, the main working body of which is a wheel with blades, fixed on a shaft rotating by an electric motor. When such a wheel (impeller) rotates, the pumped liquid in inner chamber, under the action of the centrifugal force exerted on it, is thrown to the walls of the chamber, which contributes to the expulsion of the liquid medium into the discharge pipe. At the same time, an air vacuum is created in the central part of the chamber, due to which a new portion of the pumped liquid is sucked in from the pipe located in the well.

Downhole submersible pump "Dzhileks"

In order to prevent solid particles contained in the pumped liquid from entering the inside of the centrifugal submersible pump, such devices should be used in combination with coarse filters installed on the supply pipe. The most significant disadvantage of centrifugal pumps, which can be operated year-round, is their rather high cost when compared with the price of vortex-type equipment.

Vortex (or vibration) deep pumps are used when it is required to pump out water from a shallow well. The principle of operation of devices of this type is that high-frequency vibrations are created in their inner part, which drive a mechanical piston. The latter ensures the suction of the pumped medium from the supply pipe.

The most significant advantages of the pumps under consideration include:

• compact size;
• low cost (compared to the price of centrifugal pumps);
• minimum power consumption.

Among the disadvantages of vortex-type submersible pumps are usually distinguished:

• destruction of the borehole walls from vibrations (it is possible to minimize the vibration effect of the vortex pump on the borehole walls if you put rubber rings on its body);
• low power;
• rather low productivity of pumping liquid medium.

Vibration pump for the well "Malysh"

Design features of deep pumps

The device of a deep-well pump and its design features are largely determined by the principle of operation and the type of the drive electric motor of this hydraulic machine. The intake of the pumped liquid medium when using such pumps is carried out through a special pipe placed in the shaft of the serviced well or in the well. The electric cable, placed in a protective sheath, is responsible for the power supply of the drive motor located at a certain depth.

In the device of a borehole pump of a centrifugal type, two main parts can be distinguished:

• drive motor, which can be built-in or external;
• directly the pumping part of the equipment itself.

If the pump drive motor is built-in, it is usually located at the bottom of the unit. Water intake when using pumps of this type can be carried out both through the upper and through the lower part of their body. In this case, preference is given to sampling the pumped liquid through the lower part of the casing, since this allows you to clean the deep part of the well from silt and sand accumulating in it. Submersible pumping devices, which is very convenient, are cooled by the liquid medium in which they are placed. This protects such devices from overheating, which can quickly render them unusable. Submersible pumps centrifugal type, although they are more complex in design than vibration devices, are distinguished by higher reliability, productivity and a longer operating life.

The main structural elements of vortex submersible pumps are a housing, a special glass, a drive motor and a vibrator. The vibrator in these devices is the most complex structural element, consisting of an armature, a rubber shock absorber and adjusting washers. The necessary conditions for the withdrawal of fluid from the well, carried out by a vibration pump, it creates a rubber shock absorber, which, during the operation of such a device, is compressed and expanded.

A mandatory element of the submersible pumping equipment is a coarse filter that protects the inside of such devices from the ingress of solid impurities contained in the pumped medium. To ensure more efficient operation of submersible pumping equipment and to ensure its protection from negative factors, various sensors are used that automatically stop the pump in the event of emergency situations (too high content of sludge and sand in the pumped liquid, lowering the water level in the well, etc.).

Among different types pumping equipment used to pump water from a well or well, it is submersible devices that are most popular. This popularity is explained by a number of advantages of submersible pumps, which include:

1. lack of noise during operation;
2. the ability to ensure uninterrupted water supply from a serviced well;
3. ease of installation;
4. the ability to provide water supply from wells of considerable depth;
5. compact dimensions;
6. no need for additional cooling of the drive motor;
7. anti-corrosion properties of materials from which the body is made.

It is practically impossible to do without a deep-well pump if the depth of the well from which the liquid medium is to be pumped out exceeds 10 meters.

When choosing such a device, you should pay attention to parameters such as:

• the total demand of water intake points in water, which must be provided by the selected pump;
• characteristics of the well from which water is to be pumped out (diameter and depth);
• geological data of the site where the well was drilled (depth at which underground waters are located, soil type, etc.);
• the presence of a power source on the site where it is planned to install the pumping equipment.

Many owners of summer cottages and private farms that are not connected to a centralized water supply are not by hearsay familiar with the problem of supplying water to their home and personal plot.

The "Kid" submersible pump will help to partially solve it, which, although not a powerful device capable of pumping water from artesian wells, will quite cope with the supply of water from wells, shallow wells and open reservoirs.

Those who are just going to equip an autonomous water supply, as well as users of pumping equipment, will find it useful to learn about the device, the principle of operation and the rules for operating the unit. We will describe in detail how to install the "Kid" in the well and provide it smooth operation.

Submersible pumps of the Malysh series are produced by the Russian company Livgidromash, which has a history of nearly seventy years. During this time, more than three million copies of various pumping equipment came off the assembly line of the plant.

The use of a filter will not only extend the life of the unit, but will also ensure the flow of better quality water purified from any impurities.

Maintenance of pumps Kid

In order for the pump to serve for a long time and properly, it is necessary to observe the operating and storage conditions of the equipment recommended by the manufacturer. In this case, the manufacturer guarantees its normal operation for two years. The pump does not require complex maintenance and care, and simple rules it will not be difficult to complete.

After the first installation of the device in the well, you need to let it work for one or two hours, and then remove and carefully inspect the case and components for detecting malfunctions. If everything is normal, then the vibration pump can be put in place and used further, leaving it immersed in water for a long time.

Periodically, at least once every three months, and if possible, then every hundred hours of operation, the unit must also be inspected. If, at the same time, traces of friction are found on the body, it means that it was incorrectly installed and, during operation, came into contact with the walls of the water intake.

To avoid this, you need to align it and put an additional rubber ring on the body.

If the inlets are clogged, they must be carefully cleaned without damaging the rubber valve. For cleaning, it is best to use a tool with a blunt end.

If the pump is not used in winter, it must be taken out of the well, rinsed and dried well. When storing the unit, place it away from heating appliances, and also to protect against direct sun rays.

If, following the manufacturer's recommendations, a breakdown occurs due to reasons beyond the control of the user, the pump should be taken to service center... The list of popular breakdowns of the "Kid" pump and the ways of their elimination are described in.

The submersible pump "Kid" is a convenient and inexpensive household appliance, easy to use and easy to maintain. Of course, due to its small capacity, it is not able to provide a full-fledged water supply to a private house, and, in fact, no one sets such tasks for it.

An inexpensive vibrator perfect for seasonal use. He will become a real assistant on summer cottages... So, with the help of "Kid" you can organize watering of plants and water supply from wells, wells or open reservoirs.

Experienced in installing or using the Baby Pump? Please share information with our readers, tell us about the specifics of the unit's operation. You can leave comments and ask questions in the form below.

Drilling a well by itself does not mean a complete solution to the problem of water supply at home. Even if you are very lucky, and a good-quality artesian well has a certain water pressure that raises it to the surface, it will clearly not be enough for the functioning of an autonomous water supply system. In addition to the fact that the pressure of the water column must ensure the passage of liquid through all vertical and horizontal communication sections, it is necessary to create its mandatory reserve of at least 2.5 atmospheres in order for the entire Appliances(water heaters, boilers, washing and dishwashers etc.) worked correctly. Be that as it may, you cannot do without a pump.

Before choosing a pump for a well, you need to get a certain idea of ​​the variety of such equipment, its design and operational features, criteria for evaluating the models offered for sale. It will be a shame to purchase a pump that simply cannot cope with the responsibilities assigned to it. Probably, the situation will be no less unpleasant when it is acquired absolutely unnecessary"Fancy" model, functionality which remain simply unclaimed. And in fact, and in another case, it is money wasted. In short, you need to go to the store with a clear idea of ​​which pump will be optimal in a particular situation.

To begin with, it is worth figuring out what borehole pumps are. First of all, they can be divided into two large groups - surface and submersible.

Surface pumps

The name itself speaks for itself - such an installation for pumping water is installed outside the well, on the surface of the earth, and is connected to the water horizon by pipes or flexible hoses.

It would seem that such a scheme has much more advantages - the mechanisms are always in sight, easy to control and periodic maintenance, there is no need to stretch long power cables to the place of water intake, worrying about the quality of wire insulation. Installations - under supervision or located in locked rooms, that is, the likelihood of their theft by intruders is significantly reduced.

However, the superficial scheme of the installation is fraught with many disadvantages. First of all, these are much more modest indicators for the created water pressure - they are simply incomparable with similar parameters. In addition, the noise factor cannot be ruled out - the installation of pumping equipment in the house will most likely require a separate room.

What types of pumps can be classified as surface pumps:

Hand pumps

The mention of the hand pump-columns familiar from childhood, probably, will bring a smile to many, but meanwhile they are still actively used and, for sure, they still have a future. Not all situations require a constant flow of water - it is often enough to have a one-time supply of it (for example, points of collective use - in settlements, garden associations, garages, etc.). It is for such cases that hand pumps characterized by extreme simplicity and reliability.

Manual dispenser - such pumps have not yet lost their relevance

Their working scheme is simple - a piston, a cylinder and two valves, air and water, working in antiphase. Muscular force is transmitted through the lever to the suction mechanism, which allows you to recruit the right amount water.

No dependence on an energy source - often this is the only possible option for organizing irrigation in suburban garden plots where electricity has not yet been supplied. It is only necessary to drill a not very deep and laborious abyssinian well... Install such a column - and the issue will be resolved. Often this is installed in common system with electric, through a tee, with the possibility of switching as required - there will always be backup source water in case of problems with the power supply.

The manual column can be mounted directly on the well (in the case of an Abyssinian well), or it can have a pipe that goes down into the water horizon.

Self-priming surface pumps

All other pumps discussed in this publication will be electrically driven. For the sake of fairness, it can be noted that pumping units with a power plant based on internal combustion engines, the so-called motor pumps, exist and are actively used, but they, most often, do not have pronounced domestic use.

So, family considerationsuperficialelectric pumps, which are designed to take water from a well, it is worth starting from the simplest self-priming systems.

The body of such pumps never comes into external contact with water and does not need special protection, which greatly simplifies their design. They are connected to the water source by sleeves or stationary pipes, and a prerequisite is the presence of a check valve - when "airing" they simply will not cope with the task.

They do not have a drive cooling system, and this is their vulnerability - if overlooked, there is a high probability of overheating. The design does not have any special complications, control mechanisms and control - only switching on and engine shutdown. Thus, to organize an automatic control system for the operation of the water supply system, additional equipment will inevitably be required.

Such pumps do not differ in high operational indicators. The average level of water pressure created by them does not usually exceed 8 ÷ 10 meters, which will clearly not be enough for organizing a home water supply network. V best case they can be applied to the simplest system domestic water supply - with the filling of the storage tank installed in the upper part of the building, from which water flows to the distribution points without pressure, by gravity.

In a word, although it is inexpensive, it is far from the most the best way to provide a residential building with water. The scope of application of such pumps in a private household is, rather, the organization of a temporary irrigation system for a site from a well or natural reservoir.

Home pumping stations

This technique is already much more serious, since it is adapted specifically for the tasks of organizing autonomous water supply in a residential building. In addition to self-primingpump, the station must be equipped hydroaccumulator- a membrane tank of a certain capacity, which will constantly maintain the required pressure in the domestic water supply network.

Based on this, in general design such stations include control devices and control mechanisms that turn on the drive when the pressure drops in the system to replenish the water supply, and turn off the power when the required pressure level is reached.

The main problems still remain unresolved - high noise and insufficient productivity of the pumping part of the station, which does not allow water to be raised from significant depths - the use is limited to a fence from Abyssinian or sand wells up to 10 meters deep.

More modern models are also available, with fully electronic control and the ability to program some operating parameters. Such pumping stations can be enclosed in a polymer casing, which partly solves the problems of increased noise and vibration.

Pumping stations with an ejector (injector)

But what if you still need to install a surface pump, but the water intake depth is from 10 to 25 meters? There is a way out - in this case, self-priming pumping stations equipped with an ejector (external) or injection (built-in) mechanism will help.

In this case, an additional water circuit with a pipe of a smaller section is formed in the water intake system, through which liquid is pumped at high speed. The vacuum created by it in the ejector creates additional pressure in the main intake pipe.

This leads to an increase in the head - such installations can already operate at considerable depths. True, this leads to a general decrease in the performance of the pump itself, since part of the water is sent back for circulation along the ejector circuit. But the "golden mean", which suits both the water column and the productivity, can still often be chosen.

Another big disadvantage is that they are even noisier than conventional self-priming ones, that is, they will definitely require soundproofed premises.

If this option is also unacceptable, there is no choice but to choose a pump for a submersible well.

Video: the device and operation of the pumping station

Prices for popular models of surface pumps

Surface pumps

Submersible pumps

The main feature of such pumps is already stipulated in their name - they are always located in the water column (in a well or in a well) and are connected to the water intake by a system of pipes and hoses. They are powered by a long, well-insulated cable.

The scheme of their installation also predetermines their characteristic design features. They always have a reliable waterproof metal case, made of corrosion-resistant alloys, with effective waterproofing detachable parts and assemblies. There must be a hooking device for attaching a safety cable, on which the pump is lowered to the water intake.

The overwhelming majority of pumps are equipped with built-in filters (screens) that prevent solid suspensions from entering the mechanism and pipes of an unacceptable size for this model. Many pumps, in addition, have a built-in check valve, which greatly simplifies its installation in the domestic water supply system. If not, then usually there is a special threaded connection for installing the valve device

Submersible pumps have many advantages. These include:

• Quiet operation - sound vibrations are damped by a layer of water.
• Such mechanisms are not afraid of thermal drops or freezing - the same temperature is almost always maintained in the aquifer of the well.
• At the same time, they are not afraid of overheating - the water pumped through them effectively cools the operating units.
• Such pumps have much higher productivity and the created head. Some models of submersible pumps (deep) are capable of lifting water to a height of 100 meters or more.

The disadvantages are as follows:

• Certain difficulties with the installation of such equipment, which often require the involvement of specialists.
• The need to lay a high-quality, safe power line, sometimes over fairly long distances.
• Difficulties with monitoring the operation of equipment, with carrying out preventive or renovation works, requiring each time the pump is pulled out of the well.

The overwhelming majority has a characteristic cylindrical shape, representing a metal column with a height of half a meter to 2, 5 m... but according to the principle of operation, they can differ significantly.

Vibrating Submersible Pumps

Simple in design, reliable, inexpensive, these pumps have won very wide popularity among the owners of country houses. They cannot "boast" of great performance, but for household and garden needs it is often quite enough.

The principle of operation is as follows. Electric current, passing through the coil windings, causes a periodic, with a certain frequency, attraction of the armature, to which the membrane (diaphragm) and the piston are connected through the rod. The rapid reciprocating movements of this mechanism create a vacuum in the working cylinder, and water through the valve system is sucked from the well into the pump itself and is transmitted through the outlet pipe to the points of consumption. The absence of rotating assemblies predetermines the high mechanical reliability of the pump, and the simplicity of the electrical circuit, completely filled with a waterproof compound, guarantees its long-term trouble-free and safe operation.

Some models of vibration pumps are capable of creating a water column of 20 or even more meters. The pump is light, it can be lowered into the well even with a nylon cord. Their power consumption is minimal. — pronounced advantages such devices

There are drawbacks to such mechanisms, and they are very significant. Such pumps are quite noisy, but the main thing is that the vibration waves generated by them can eventually lead to the destruction of the wellbore or erosion of the clay bottom and walls, and rather rapid siltation of the aquifer. It is recommended to use such pumps only in sandy wells, with certain precautions to prevent excessive water turbidity and sand getting into the water intake holes. Ideally, they are more suitable, nevertheless, for wells dressed in concrete rings, and for a well it would be wiser to choose a pump of a different principle of operation.

Video: vibration pump characteristics

Centrifugal submersible pumps

The most common borehole pumps are centrifugal. They represent a cylinder with an electric drive located inside. A vane turbine is installed on the rotor axis of the engine, which rotates in a working chamber, which has a peculiar "snail" shape, with a feed pipe in the center and an outlet pipe at the periphery.

The rapid rotation of the turbine causes the action of centrifugal forces, which throw the flow of incoming water (shown by green arrows in the diagram) from the center to the walls working chamber.

As a result, a significant pressure difference is created - from vacuum in the region of the axis of rotation (blue area) to increased - to the edges of the blades (in the figure - a gradual transition to red). This ensures both a constant flow of water from the supply pipe and the required pressure at the outlet.

A similar scheme of operation is used in most surface pumps, but there the required parameters of the outlet pressure can be achieved by increasing the diameter of the working chamber. In borehole pumps, where the dimensions are strictly limited, this issue is solved differently. Achievement of high indicators of the water column occurs by sequential installation of several chambers on one axis of the drive.

The water pressure created by one chamber is a kind of "support" for the next one - and so on. As a result, the output head is the sum of the total effort of all impellers.

The number of working chambers also predetermines the total height of the "column" of the pump

The number of chambers can be different - from two or three and even up to several dozen - this determines the height of the "column" of the submersible borehole pump and its operational characteristics.

This scheme fully justifies itself - such pumps are capable of lifting water from very great depths. their advantages also include quiet operation, the absence of significant vibrations, wide choose in a wide range of created water column and productivity.

The main disadvantages are the complexity of the installation, especially in deep wells, the need for fairly frequent maintenance, and considerable cost.

Video: modern borehole centrifugal pumps

Screw pumps

Screw-type downhole pumps are not widespread, but, nevertheless, are on sale.

Their working part consists of two main parts.

A rotor of a complex spiral shape is eccentrically mounted on the shaft of the electric drive. It rotates in the cavity of the stator, which also has a complex geometry with one or two helix starts. The stator housing is usually made of elastomer - rubber, which ensures a snug fit of the rotor hinges. Thus, a certain number of cavities filled with water are always present in the working cylinder of the pump. When rotating, the screw pr pushes these volumes from the inlet to the outlet. In this case, the total volume of liquid in the cylinder never changes, which makes it possible to maintain an even, stable pressure of the water column.

Such pumps can easily cope even with highly viscous liquids, which predetermines them prevalence in a production environment. However, there are also models for raising water from wells.

The scheme of such pumps is effective - they are capable of lifting water from considerable depths, about 40 — 50 meters. However, the presence of units with increased friction quickly enough leads to their wear, which requires regular maintenance with replacement of parts. What is quite acceptable and justified in a production environment will bring a lot of trouble with the private use of such equipment.

Vortex pumps

Another scheme that is used in both surface and submersible pumps. The special shape of the wheel creates not only the centrifugal acceleration of the pumped ox, but also its powerful turbulent flow, which significantly increases the head at the outlet.

The advantages of such a scheme are high performance, low noise, relative simplicity of the device, which predetermines more low price in comparison with centrifugal ones of the same power.

The pumps are not afraid of "airing" - in principle, they can even be used for pumping gas-liquid variances.

However, significant disadvantages - low durability and special requirements for the purity of the pumped water, seriously limit the widespread use of vortex pumps - they are clearly inferior to centrifugal pumps.

Prices for a range of submersible pumps

Submersible pumps

What criteria should be followed when choosing a pump

So, what are the parameters besides schematic diagram pump performance must be assessed when choosing it:

• Supply voltage and power consumption. If everything is clear with the first value - as a rule, all domestic-level borehole pumps are powered from 220 V, then the power is a special issue, since it corresponds existing opportunities electrical network, installed fittings (automatic, RCD) and cable part. An important addition - some pumps (in particular centrifugal) do not like voltage surges, therefore, you may need additional installation stabilizer.
• Maximum head (height of the water column) - the parameter will be specified in the technical documentation of the product. pressure and have at least another 10% reserve. This issue should be considered in more detail.

There are special

The question of how to provide their suburban housing with autonomous water supply is relevant today for many homeowners. Nobody wants to carry water in buckets from wells anymore. The rocker can only be seen in drawings or in museums.

Buckets were replaced by pumps that independently pump water into the pipeline system. The main thing is to do right choice when equipping a well with a water-lifting mechanism.

Types of pumps

Any pumps that are used to lift water from wells are divided into two types according to their installation site.

They may be:

1. superficial when the body is next to the well or with the help of a float it is kept on the surface of the water, and water is pumped from the depth of the well;
2. submersible when the unit itself is at a depth and supplies water through hoses to the surface.

The most common types of these units in everyday life are surface devices.

They are used quite widely:

1. for lifting drinking water from wells;
2. for lifting drinking water from a well;
3. for pumping water from flooded basements;
4. for irrigation with water pumped out of reservoirs.

The disadvantage of these mechanisms is that they can take water from a depth of no more than 8 meters. Accordingly, use them for deep wells with drinking water will not work.

For water intake from wells, submersible pumping equipment is suitable, which is capable of pumping water from a considerable depth. Submersible units are distinguished by the mechanism of water swing.

They are of three types:

1. vortex, in which the pumping of water occurs due to the formation of a vortex flow, they have an impeller in the form of a flat disk with short blades;
2. centrifugal, pumping is due to centrifugal force, which is created by the shaft with the rowing blades located on it;
3. vibrational, in which pumping occurs due to the difference in pressure generated on different sides of the membrane, which is the main structural part.

The choice of the required type of unit is carried out based on the following parameters:

1. the total depth of the well and the water level in it;
2. total demand for water consumption;
3. actual indicators of the calculated water pressure in the section;
4. the diameter of the alignment post.

The most common today are centrifugal models of submersible pumps for lifting water from wells. They provide sufficient performance and can even work with water that contains sand impurities.

Related articles:

Application of centrifugal force

Pumps, the action of which is based on the use of centrifugal force to lift water, are widely used in our time. A centrifugal submersible pump for a well pumps water due to the rotation of a special wheel, which is fixed on the shaft.

A bit of history

It is very difficult now to determine who first came up with the idea of ​​using centrifugal force to lift water. There are famous sketches made by Leonardo da Vinci. According to them, it is quite possible to assume that it was he who first proposed to pump water through the use of centrifugal force in a rotating channel.

In practice, the first known device was tested in 1732. It was developed by LeDemur.

The essence of this pump was as follows:

1. a pipe was attached to the vertical shaft, rigidly connected to it with a connecting rod;
2. the lower end of the pipe was submerged in water;
3. the shaft began to rotate, the pipe was also brought into rotation;
4. centrifugal forces caused the water to move in the pipe.

But centrifugal pumps became widespread only from the end of the 19th century. At this time, heat appeared, and then electric motors, which made it possible to create even multi-stage units for deep wells.

Russian engineer V.A. Pushechnikov developed a multistage pump based on the application of the action of centrifugal force for wells up to 250 m deep.

The principle of the device can be described as follows:

1. an elastic coupling serves as a connection between the drive shaft and the electric motor;
2. the oil bath is located directly under the clutch;
3. a ball bearing is placed in the bath, which absorbs the axial load;
4. oil for lubrication is supplied through a string of pipes suspended from a support frame;
5. the column and the drive shaft are supported by bearings that are placed in cruciform brackets;
6. brackets are installed between pipe joints;
7. in the support frame itself there is a stuffing box, under it there is a branch pipe for discharge pipes;
8. The suction connection of the pump is connected to the suction pipe; there is a protective mesh on the pipe.

This design makes it easier to place the pump in the well, not very large diameter... The very first pump of this design was manufactured at the end of 1899 and was installed at a pump station in Mytishchi.

The tests were successful; soon such borehole centrifugal pumps were manufactured in the amount of 19 pieces, which were also installed at this pumping station.

Interestingly, this order for the manufacture of units could only be fulfilled in Paris at the Farco plant, although an offer to place an order was sent to 24 plants in different countries... In the technical literature, you can find the name of this pump as "Farco pump", and not by the name of the designer.

The principle of operation of modern models

When deciding how to choose a centrifugal pump for a well, it is necessary to understand the main parameters by which the models differ.

Various well centrifugal pumps can be classified as follows:

1. according to the number of available wheels, if there is one wheel, then the devices are single-stage, if more, then multi-stage;
2. by head, from low or medium head to high values;
3. by the method of water supply, one-way supply or two-way;
4. according to the method that is used to drain the liquid into the spiral channel from the impeller, there can be spiral and turbine;
5. by speed, low-speed, normal, high-speed.

Important. Despite the fact that the price of multi-stage models is more expensive than single-stage models, many people prefer to install them.
The fact is that such models have a greater margin of safety and do not deteriorate from the content of various mechanical impurities in the water.

The principle of operation of these mechanisms is as follows:

1. water is supplied, due to the rapid rotation of the impeller, an abundant flow is created;
2. centrifugal force acts by displacing water from the centers of the wheels to the distant sections;
3. the pressure inside rises, it displaces the liquid into the pipeline;
4. the pressure in the center of the impeller decreases accordingly;
5. water enters again through the suction pipe.

A submersible pump looks like a cylinder. This allows it to be placed in fairly narrow wells. The length of the structure can be from 0.5 to 2.5 meters, and the diameter is approximately 10 cm. Despite their modest size, these well devices are characterized by excellent performance.

Important. It is necessary to ensure that the pump does not touch the walls of the wellbore during operation.
If the opening diameter is too small, then it is necessary to protect the unit by putting a rubber ring on its body.

The installation of a centrifugal pump in a well is carried out by specialists, since it is very important to do everything correctly if you want to use water from the well for a long time without knowing any worries.

The unit is lowered into the borehole to a depth, having previously secured it with a safety cable to the head or cover of the borehole. The electrical cable is connected to the pump and is also passed through a special hole in the head.

The pump must be connected to the pipe brass fitting... The other end of this pipe is connected to an outlet on the lid.

If you have experience in the installation business, then you can connect a centrifugal pump to a well with your own hands. The main thing is to comply with all the requirements that the instructions for a particular model describe.

Important. When installing equipment in a well at a depth greater than 80 meters, a pipe is used that can withstand a pressure of 16 atmospheres.
At a shallower installation depth, it is sufficient to use a pipe of 12.5 atmospheres.

Summary

Correctly selected pumping equipment will ensure the operation of the water supply system in an uninterrupted mode. In the video presented in this article, you will find additional information on this topic.

The presence of an autonomous water supply system in a summer cottage or in a private house is a huge plus in their arrangement. The owner does not depend on the pumping stations - he has his own at his disposal. There are many installations for pumping water: surface, deep well pumps. If you have doubts about which one to choose, see how the installation is done by hand (installation using the example of a grundfos pump).

Varieties of pumps and their classification

The main function of the submersible pump is to extract the water mass from the bowels of the earth and transport it to the consumer in living quarters or outbuildings (kitchen, shower, toilet). Also, with its help, watering of the site or greenhouse is carried out, and the filling of reserve tanks.

Submersible pumps have a small cylindrical casing. They practically do not take up space on the site. There are 2 types of these pumps:

1. Industrial. Used by businesses. Due to the high power, they can lift water from a depth of up to 100 meters. They have impressive dimensions.
2. Household. They are used in private houses or summer cottages, can be installed independently, are compact and relatively powerful.

Advice. Please consult a specialist before installation. The power of the selected pump will depend on the depth of the water.

Also, pumps differ in the way they are installed.

1. Submersible pump. The device is completely immersed in water, a pressure hose is withdrawn from it, with the help of which it is connected to the water supply.
2. Surface pump. The device is located outside the water surface, 2 hoses are withdrawn from it: pressure (supplies water to the water supply system) and suction (ensures the suction of liquid into the pumping unit).

In addition to the difference in the field of application and the installation scheme of the pumps, there is also a classification by the type of design and the principle of operation:

Centrifugal pumps. Used at any time of the year. The hydraulic mechanism is applied. The water supply is carried out by rotating the wheels located near the engine. The working part (wheels) is made of dense plastic or stainless steel, which ensures a low weight of the structure. Resistant to abrasives (sand and clay). The installation of this equipment provides for the presence of a coarse water filter from sand particles and stones. It is cooled by the water passing through the body, therefore it is installed according to the recessed principle. These pumps are equipped with a temperature sensor that automatically turns off the device in case of overheating. The only drawback of the equipment is its high cost, compared to the vortex one.

Advice. If you plan to live year-round in a country house, then it is better to choose a centrifugal pump.

Vortex or vibration pumps. Such equipment is not designed to supply a large number water. They are used only in shallow wells. Calculated for seasonal water consumption. The operation of the mechanism is carried out due to high-frequency vibrations that set in motion a mechanical piston, which ensures the suction of water into the apparatus. The advantages of this kind of equipment are low cost, compact dimensions, and minimal energy consumption. Minuses - destroys the walls of the well due to prolonged vibration exposure, low power and poor performance.

Advice. To prevent the vortex pump from destroying the walls of the well, when it is installed, rubber rings are put on the body.

Depth-type pumping unit device

In order to properly carry out the installation of pumping equipment, you need to know which pump consists of what, how it assembles and works.

The main parts of the device are the engine and the pumping part. The engine is located in the lower part of the housing, when installed Special attention draws on its waterproofing. The pumping part is a multistage mechanism that includes impellers, vane branches and a working shaft that drives them.

The product is cooled with the pumped-out water. External cooling occurs due to the passage of water masses between the pump casing and the walls of the well. Internal - when water flows directly through the unit.

Important! If the installation pumping unit to the bottom or walls of the drilled well is not possible, then the well is equipped with asbestos pipes.

Among all water pumping devices, submersible pumps are the most popular. They have a number of advantages over other units:

• noiselessness of work;
• no interruptions in the supply of water;
• easy and quick installation;
• water intake at great depths;
• narrow cylindrical body shape;
• protection against engine overheating;
• made of anti-corrosion materials.

Advice. In order to choose any pump, it is necessary to take into account the shape and depth of the well. Subsequently, you will not waste time, effort and money on the installation of additional equipment.

In order to choose the right submersible pump, the following data must be taken into account:

• water consumption at each point of water intake and throughout the entire site in total;
• diameter and depth of the drilled well;
• geological data of the land plot (type of soil, depth of groundwater, etc.);
• the presence of electricity supply sources on the site.

The choice of a pump directly depends on the depth of the well and the occurrence of groundwater. If the aquifer is at a depth of 10 m or more, then you should choose a submersible pump. When purchasing a pump, choose a device with a capacity slightly exceeding the required one: later you can improve the water supply system without having to replace the water pumping device.

How the pumping device depends on the depth of the well

To select a pump, you need to look at the passport data of the well, all its parameters are indicated there. If you do not know the depth of the well, then you need to make measurements. Tie a weight to a dry (!!!) rope and lower it into the hole, remove the rope and use the wet mark to determine the distance from the ground to the water level in the well. By lowering the rope deeper, the depth of the hole can also be determined.

When purchasing a pump, be sure to read the instructions and the product passport. These documents indicate the pump power depending on the depth of the well.

1. 30-60 meters. Installation of pumps in such conditions is carried out directly into the well. During installation, 2-3 check valves are additionally installed so that the raised water does not go back. Centrifugal pumps equipped with thermal protection are installed in such wells. The device is inserted into the well with the help of special equipment and fixed with a cable on the surface of the earth.
2. 10-20 meters. When water is found at medium and shallow depths, a surface pump can be used, not a submersible pump. Such an apparatus is installed far from the source, and water is taken from it with the help of a hose.

Installation of a submersible device using the example of a GRUNDFOS submersible pump (grundfos)

Submersible pumps from Grandfos (grundfos) are equipped with submersible motors. Quiet operation of the engine is ensured by installed plain bearings lubricated with a special liquid anti-corrosion grease. The electrical part of the pump is filled with liquid, the maximum freezing point of which is -20 ° C and below. In order for the engine to work properly, it is necessary to constantly monitor the level of the fluid being filled in it. It is recommended to top up with SML-2 liquid only from Grunfos. To fill in an electric motor, use the following algorithm:

1. Make sure that the motor is installed in a vertical position with a deviation of 10-12 °.
2. Unscrew the plug with a screwdriver.
3. Use a syringe to fill the engine with fluid.
4. Distribute the liquid evenly over the surface of the engine capsule by rocking the device, the collected air will come out to the surface.
5. Tighten the screw plug as tight as possible to prevent spillage.
6. Place the motor in the pump housing.

In order for the pump motor to cool freely, it is necessary to control the temperature of the filled liquid and minimum value water flow rate. To ensure free convection, the width of the well pipe is made 4-6 cm larger diameter pump housing.

Important! Free convection of the motor is not permitted when deposits form on the pump housing.

Before installing the pump, make sure that it is disconnected from the mains after a possible check and that it cannot be accidentally turned on. All technical data of the product are described in the passport in the form of a table, there are demolished power, electricity consumption, supply voltage value of "cosine phi", etc.

Grudfos pumps (grundfos) are equipped with an internal thermal relay, which is triggered when the installation overheats, turning off the power to the pump. They do not need additional protection.

Installation of a deep-well pump Grundfos (grundfos) is performed as follows:

1. A check valve is installed on the pump branch pipe. Water will not drain after power off.
   A cup-shaped coarse filter is mounted on the suction pipe. It will protect the working pump chamber from siltation.
2. After installing the check valve, a discharge pipe is installed, through which water will be supplied upward.
3. The power cable in the waterproofing is passed through the injection hose, it is fastened with clips.
4. In the brackets provided on the upper part of the stainless housing, polymer twine is passed, which will further hold the pump in the well.
5. The device, ready for launch, is lowered into the well shaft. Only the twine serves as a support, the bundle of the cable with the hose does not bear any load.
6. The rope is fixed on a bracket that is located on the outside of the casing.

Please note that a professional person will help you choose the correct installation algorithm. If you want to do the installation yourself, consult a wizard to avoid mistakes.

Replacement and repair of a deep-well pump

Even the most reliable system wears out and may malfunction. To provide further work device, it must be dismantled and replaced or repaired. This procedure is done like this:

1. Disconnect the power supply and water supply system from the pump unit.
2. Remove the pump from the well. To do this, you need to use the help of comrades, since this procedure involves a lot of physical labor.
3. Disconnect the non-return valve and the coarse filter located upstream of the pump.
4. Diagnose the product.
5. Replace or repair defective parts.
6. Carefully inspect all fittings, hoses and cables for damage.
7. Clean the filter or replace it.
8. Collect pumping device and install it on the workplace.

When replacing the device, use new resin straps and filters.

As you can see, the installation and dismantling of the deep pumping unit can be done independently. The main thing is to choose the right device and select the pump power for the appropriate depth of the well.

How to install a submersible pump: video

Deep well pumps: photo