How and what to insulate the loggia. How to insulate a balcony from the inside with your own hands - the simplest and most effective ways to carry out work

September 4, 2016
Specialization: Capital construction works(laying the foundation, erecting walls, constructing a roof, etc.). Internal construction work (laying of internal communications, rough and final finishing). Hobby: mobile connection, high tech, computer technology, programming.

Recently, an acquaintance of mine with interesting name Gerasim (he has nothing to do with Mu-Mu, although he has been studying Russian literature all his life) asked me how to properly insulate the balcony from the inside. The fact is that he took out a mortgage two-room apartment with a huge balcony. And he had great idea convert it into an office where he intends to write his doctoral dissertation in philology.

I supported this sound idea with both hands and one leg. Moreover, if you do everything yourself , the price of such alteration will be small. And the advantages of an additional small room hardly need explaining to anyone.

Well, I'll get down to the presentation.

Possible problems when insulating a balcony

Before insulating the balcony inside, I recommend that you think carefully about all the pros and cons of such a solution. Despite the fact that the installation of heaters before the decorative finishing of this room is resorted to by all more people, this operation has several disadvantages.

Here are the ones that I consider to be the main ones:

Reducing the usable area of the room. If just finishing already reduces the size of the balcony or loggia, then an additional layer of heat-insulating material further exacerbates the problem. Therefore, if this architectural element you have is tiny, think about whether the resulting additional area is worth the money and effort.
The appearance of condensed moisture inside structures. When using heaters, the dew point shifts inward, which leads to mold and deterioration of finishing materials.

This disadvantage, however, is easy to cope with. I will tell you how to insulate a balcony with your own hands from the inside so as to achieve an ideal microclimate inside.

Sequencing

The technology of insulating a loggia or balcony itself consists of several important stages:

Sealing cracks and eliminating defects. Before laying the insulation for the balcony inside, you need to get rid of all cracks, irregularities, potholes and bulges. I recommend blowing out small cracks with polyurethane foam (just choose a high-quality one), cement mortar will cope with more serious troubles.

Arrangement of waterproofing. For this, I always recommend that my clients use penetrating materials. For example, Avatron or Penetron. They are easy to spray, but you can also use a simple roller or brush.

The peculiarity here is that the liquid penetrates deeply into the mineral surfaces, as a result of which they are not only protected from water, but also do not freeze during operation at low air temperatures.

Penetrating waterproofing, among other things, eliminates minor defects that are not visible to the naked eye. But they still affect the effectiveness of insulation, so they need to be eliminated.

Thermal insulator laying. It's easy to do it inside with your own hands. You do not need to install scaffolding or call an aerial platform. The main thing is to follow the technology exactly, which I will discuss below.

When choosing materials for work, immediately think about whether you will insulate the floor and ceiling. For these surfaces, more durable heat insulators are needed that do not change their properties from external mechanical stress.

Arrangement of a vapor barrier. It is needed just in order to avoid condensation of moisture that forms on the balcony, inside the thermal insulation materials. For this, vapor-permeable polymer membranes are used, for example, Izospan or Rockwool.

By the way, you can avoid this stage by using heat insulators with a foil layer, placing it inside the balcony. But I, nevertheless, would recommend not to save. Moreover, the estimate vapor barrier membrane will not increase much.

Decorative finishing of the balcony. It all depends on your imagination, the amount of money and the purpose of the room. I cannot give specific advice.

Restrictions on the insulation of balconies

But I can tell you what absolutely cannot be done when finishing a balcony or loggia. Moreover, violation of these rules may entail administrative or criminal liability.

So, it is forbidden:

To demolish the load-bearing partitions between two balconies (loggias) or this room and the residential part of the apartment.
Install engineering communications on the balcony (in particular, heating, water supply and sewerage) connected to the common system of the apartment.
To equip a kitchen or bathroom on the balcony (although, as you understand, no one forbids an office or a bedroom).
Install glazing on balconies that are equipped with fire escapes to evacuate people during a fire.
Install suspended flower beds or clothes drying devices outside the balcony enclosing structures.
Reduce the height of the parapet of the balcony or loggia (by dismantling the upper part or raising the floor). The minimum parapet height should be 1.1 meters.
Violate appearance the facade of the building (this is for information, so by insulating the balcony from the inside with your own hands, you are unlikely to damage the exterior of the house).
Glazing the balconies above the 9th floor on their own, violating the fire safety requirements.

As you can see, not all of the listed requirements are observed by our compatriots, but my conscience would be troubled if I did not tell you about them.

Now a little about the materials that can be used.

Thermal insulators for internal insulation of balconies

For thermal insulation of such premises, it is used great amount materials. I have compiled a table in which I have listed the most popular varieties, indicating the characteristics of each.

Name	Description
Expanded polystyrene	Dense material with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, having a fine-grained porous structure. Do not confuse Styrofoam for insulation and packing foam. The latter has large pores and breaks down quickly. Not suitable for floor insulation, as it does not withstand the load applied. Can be used for cladding, wall and ceiling installations.
Extruded polystyrene foam	A material that perfectly retains heat indoors and, thanks to a special production technology, has an increased mechanical strength... Microorganisms do not grow on the surface of expanded polystyrene, it is not flammable and environmentally friendly.
Penofol	Another name for the material is expanded polyethylene. For balconies, it is better to use insulation with a foil layer that reflects thermal energy and prevents moisture from the insulation layer. Foil, among other things, acts as a vapor barrier membrane.
Polyurethane foam	A special composition that is applied to surfaces using special equipment... After hardening, it forms a homogeneous heat-insulating layer that prevents unproductive heat energy consumption and cooling of the balcony. The material is great for warming, but with your own hands you cannot cope with its application.
Mineral wool	Basalt fiber based material, which is excellent for insulating walls and ceilings of the balcony. To increase its effectiveness, it must be protected from moisture. It is impossible to insulate the floor with mineral wool, since it does not withstand significant mechanical stress.
Multilayer panels	We are talking about sandwich panels that are used both for insulation and for decorative design balcony. They have beautiful upper layer which does not require additional finishing... Thermal insulation is glued to the bottom, which reduces the thermal conductivity of the enclosing structures.

Methods for internal insulation of the balcony

At this point, I consider the theoretical part finished and I will proceed to the presentation. specific schemes internal insulation balconies and loggias with the help of several, in my opinion, the most effective materials.

Method 1 - Expanded polystyrene

The most common option is expanded polystyrene. It has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity and can be easily assembled with your own hands inside the balcony.

I am telling you how to insulate a balcony with expanded polystyrene from the inside:

After carrying out preliminary operations (sealing of cracks and waterproofing), I always treat the surface with a penetrating primer. It allows you to improve the adhesion properties of mineral surfaces, remove dust from concrete monoliths and reduce the consumption of adhesive.

Processing can be done with a regular brush or spray. Treat not only the walls very carefully, but also the ceiling and floor. Otherwise, later there will be difficulties when gluing polystyrene foam.

You can continue working after priming only after the composition has completely dried, which takes about 6 hours. If the walls of the balcony where I work are made of porous materials (for example, foam concrete), I always ground everything twice.
After priming, you can proceed with the installation of expanded polystyrene, which is supplied in slabs. Installation is carried out using glue and special fasteners with wide hats.

I prepare the adhesive composition from the purchased dry powder. It is necessary to mix it with water in the proportions indicated in the operating instructions, and then achieve uniformity using a mixer connected to a drill.

I apply the finished glue on thermal insulation material, after which the expanded polystyrene sheet is glued to the wall. I do the same with other materials, placing them in a checkerboard pattern with overlapping joints.

To compensate for the thermal expansion of the material, during installation, I recommend that you move away from the corners of the order of 3 cm, and also leave small gaps between the plates themselves.

In order for the plates to adhere firmly, you need to fix them with dowels with plastic caps. To do this, with a drill, I make a hole in the expanded polystyrene and the wall, after which I install the corresponding bracket there.

Considering that expanded polystyrene does not absorb water, a vapor-permeable membrane can be omitted. Although I see no reason to buy and fix a special film on the surfaces.
The last stage is plastering. To avoid the destruction of the decorative coating, you must first fix a reinforcing fiberglass mesh on the expanded polystyrene plates, and then plaster over it. This is exactly what I do.

Before plastering, you can install perforated galvanized corners on the corners, which will facilitate work and protect the corners from damage during operation.

Method 2 - Penoplex

This material is also widely used for interior insulation of balconies. You can mount it on walls using a special bituminous mastic, construction foam or plastic dowels with wide caps.

I will tell you how I make insulation with penoplex using polyurethane foam:

To begin with, as in all other cases, defects are repaired and the balcony surfaces are waterproofed. By the way, a primer will not hurt either.
After execution preparatory operations, you need to squeeze out the polyurethane foam from the perimeter around the perimeter of the pre-fitted foam board. No more foam is needed, the insulation will be securely fixed to the surface anyway.

After waiting a few seconds, you need to attach the material to the wall.
Further work is carried out using a similar technology. Naturally, I recommend displacing the seams in a staggered manner in order to avoid the formation of cold bridges, which reduce the effectiveness of the insulation work being carried out.
To keep the insulation stronger, it can be additionally reinforced with dowels with wide caps. Although this is not necessary.

If you, as my neighbor, want to equip a living space on the balcony, I recommend installing two layers of Penoplex insulation with overlapping seams. In this case, the balcony will be warm and cozy, and you will not have to spend a lot of electricity on heating.

The last stage is decorative finishing. Here I completely shift the responsibility for the choice of materials to you. Think for yourself, decide for yourself.

Method 3 - Mineral wool

Well, I can't help but tell you about the use of mineral wool insulation. I cannot say that they are very effective, but they are very popular. I focus on them only because the laying technology itself is more complex here.

The fact is that mineral wool very soft and has no rigid geometric dimensions as such. It is produced in the form of rolls into which the material is rolled with a thickness of 2 to 20 cm.

I recommend buying stone (basalt) wool with a heat-reflecting foil layer for arranging a balcony. The latter will effectively protect the insulator from moisture and act as a reflective screen that traps thermal energy. heating appliances indoors.

Taking into account the described technical characteristics, it is possible to mount the insulating material only under a pre-equipped crate made of wooden bars or galvanized profiles. But this is good, since you can then install decorative cladding on the crate. For example, lining or plastic panels.

For example, I'll tell you about insulation using wooden blocks. It is better to take not square, but rectangular lumber with a section of 3 by 5 or 3 by 7 cm. This will save the useful area of the balcony.

The lathing can be installed in two ways:

horizontally - if later you will trim the balcony with plastic panels;
vertically - if as a material for decorative finishing you have chosen the lining.

In all other cases (plywood, drywall, OSB boards, etc.), the direction of the sheathing elements does not matter.

I recommend fixing the lathing on all surfaces using anchor bolts. At the same time, make sure that the bars are installed at the same level, so that later you do not have problems with the decorative finish.

If you bought mineral wool to insulate the balcony, be sure to buy vapor-permeable membranes for it. The fact is that the fibrous material very much loses its heat-preserving functions after getting wet from water vapor coming from inside the room.

Having described all the important, in my opinion, nuances, I can now talk about the technology of the work. Everything is simple on paper:

install the crate, keeping an eye on the verticals;
insert heat-insulating material between the crate;
protect it from above with a polymer vapor-permeable membrane;
after that, mount the selected decorative coating.

Most often, the lining acts as the latter, which is why a crate is needed.

Floor and ceiling insulation

Having dealt with the walls, you can move on to the ceiling. For its insulation, I recommend using foam. Moreover, you need to buy an ordinary material for insulation and that kind, which is supplemented with a heat-reflecting foil layer, which increases the strength of the material and helps to keep heat inside.

Before starting work on the insulation of the balcony ceiling, ask the neighbors above if they have insulated their floor. If the answer to this question is yes, buy a beer to the owner as a token of gratitude and safely skip the next few paragraphs, moving to the floor (for this, by the way, you will later owe beer to the neighbor below).

You need to insulate the same way as the walls, using polyurethane glue and dowels. Only first you need to stick the first layer, and on top - the second, with a heat-reflecting surface.

The seams between the parts must be sealed with polyurethane foam, and at the end - glued with a special metallized adhesive tape. In this case, even a strong cold will not prevent you from creating an immortal masterpiece in your office on the balcony.

If, of course, you take care of the floor insulation, which I, for example, carry out as follows:

I clean the floor surface from the remnants of building materials, influx of cement, dirt, debris, glue, and so on;
I cover the floor with penofol;
on top I mount a crate from pre-cut electric jigsaw wooden bars;
I install heat-insulating material inside the crate, sealing the cracks construction foam;
I mount a sub-floor made of plywood or OSB boards;
I am laying on top flooring(usually linoleum or laminate).

However, my neighbor - a future professor - wanted to make a heated floor in his balcony-study. So I had to tell him the order of work in this case:

on reinforced concrete floor the balcony needs to be screed using a self-leveling mixture in order to level all the protrusions and irregularities;
on top of the hardened screed, a layer of heat-reflecting material with a heat insulator must be laid;
mount the heating electric cable from above, securing it with a special tape (you remember that water heating it is impossible to do on the balcony, it means a warm water floor too);
pour another layer of cement screed on top;
Install the selected decorative flooring.

Decorative finishing of the balcony

I will conclude my story with a short story about how to finish the balcony after it has been insulated. Many different materials can be used for this:

plastic panels;
ordinary and decorative plaster;
wallpaper;
tile;
wooden lining.

Considering that I told you how to insulate a balcony with mineral wool, I will continue this topic. I will describe how you can install lining or plastic panels on the walls. The technology is very similar, since both of these materials are separate lamellas, connected to each other using a special system of tenons and grooves.

And there is really nothing to do here:

the first part is mounted on the installed crate, starting from the corner;
after that, all subsequent parts are installed.

I try to give preference to wood, as this natural material, but plastic is easier to work with, does not require additional finishing and is cheap.

Output

That's it, I will no longer distract your attention, because I think you can't wait to start insulation own balcony... Or writing a dissertation in philology. By the way, I would be grateful if you write about the results of your efforts in the comments to this article.

And for those who are interested in other issues related to repair and decoration, I recommend looking video in this article.

September 4, 2016

If you want to express gratitude, add clarification or objection, ask the author something - add a comment or say thank you!

More recently, balconies were used for storing unnecessary things, conservation, etc.

Now, many are trying to make a living room or study out of the balcony.

But to implement this idea, it is necessary to insulate the balcony well. Let's take a closer look at this process.

What should you pay attention to?

Thermal insulation of the balcony will not only increase the usable space in the apartment, but also reduce its heat loss, because it is through the balcony that a large amount of it leaves. In order for the insulation to be of high quality, you need to do it correctly and know the sequence of work.

So you need to make up detailed plan works, which will look like this:

- preparation and selection of thermal insulation;
- installation of glazing;
- installation of thermal insulation;
- installation of finishing;
- installation heating system(if needed).

Balcony insulation can be installed both inside and outside. But since you will be doing the work without the help of professionals, it is better to use internal insulation.

Step one. The best insulation for the balcony from the inside

Now on sale you can find a lot different types thermal insulation. The most suitable for a balcony are:

- Styrofoam,
- EPS,
- mineral wool,
- expanded clay.

Polyfoam and EPSP are mounted in almost the same way, most precisely with one difference - the EPSP plates are connected to each other by grooves.

It is better to refuse the use of mineral wool, since its installation is laborious, and condensation periodically forms on the balcony, which will eventually ruin the material. Expanded clay is used only for the floor.

Among other things, it is necessary to take into account the load on the balcony, therefore it is better to choose polystyrene with a layer of 4-5 cm, the more it is cheaper than expanded polystyrene and mineral wool.

Step two. Installation of glazing

If glazing has already been installed on your balcony, then this step is skipped.

The entire glazing installation process depends on the railings already available on the balcony.

If an iron grating is installed as a railing, then it needs to be built up with the help of foam blocks or ceramic bricks.

It is necessary that the walls are more than 2 cm thick. If the parapet is made of reinforced concrete, then glazing can be started.

Now many people make a choice in favor of environmentally friendly wooden frames... But before installing, do not forget to treat the frames with an antiseptic and paint (staining must be repeated periodically).

Despite the advantages of wooden frames, many people choose PVC windows.

The best option would be a profile with increased rigidity and high strength and thermal insulation.

In addition, there are several more elements that must be present in PVC windows:

- a profile of 5 cameras;
- double-glazed windows from 2 chambers (for middle lane) either from 3 chambers (for cold regions);
- reinforced reinforcement.

Glazing is ordered according to pre-measured dimensions. It is better to entrust its installation to professionals. Then you can start the insulation.

Step three. Installation of floor insulation

Consider the installation of insulation on the balcony floor using the example of polystyrene (or expanded polystyrene).

1) First, prepare the working surfaces - fill all cracks in concrete and joints between the slabs and the wall with polyurethane foam.

2) Mark the floor for laying the battens. The step between the battens of the sheathing should be about 1 cm larger than the width of the foam sheets.

3) Lay out the slats with a section equal to the thickness of the insulation along the markings. Lay the first and last beams at a distance of 5-10 cm from the walls. Connect the bars with self-tapping screws.

4) Between the battens of the lathing, install sheets of foam, on which in advance apply liquid nails or special glue. Fill all joints with polyurethane foam.

5) Place a vapor barrier on top of the foam to improve thermal insulation and prevent condensation. When using PET film, do not lay it on the “cold” side of the insulator. When using a foil vapor barrier, lay it on top of the foam with foil.

7) And finally, you can install a decorative covering (for example, linoleum or carpet).

You can also insulate the floor with foam plastic in another way: clean work surface, lay the foam on it, which screech with a thin screed from a previously prepared dry mixture solution.

After the screed has dried, install a decorative coating - ceramic tiles.

There is another option for floor insulation - with the help of ceramite. It is relative cheap stuff, and working with it is quite simple.

Let's take a closer look at this process:

1) First, lay the waterproofing on the floor, grasping 10 cm of walls.

2) Install beacons every 25 cm around the perimeter of the floor, but do not lean them strongly against the walls.

3) Spread the ceramite on the floor in a layer of 15 cm, evenly distributing it using a rule.

4) Spill the insulation with an aqueous cement solution.

6) Allow the screed to dry completely, and then you can install the decorative cover.

Step four. Installation of insulation on walls

The walls are insulated in the same way as the floor. Proceed as follows:

1) Make markings for the lathing beams (as well as on the floor)

2) Fasten the beams along the markings.

3) Apply the polyurethane foam to the walls using an undulating motion. Also make holes for the dowels.

4) Fix the styrofoam with dowels-mushrooms.

5) Fill all cracks with polyurethane foam, and then cover with construction tape.

7) Glue all joints with foil tape.

8) Install another row of battens on top of the waterproofing and install the trim.

Step five. Ceiling insulation

The ceiling is also insulated like walls and floors, but there are some minor differences.

1) First of all, make the markings, along which you will then install the hangers under the guides.

3) In the right places, make cutouts in the foam for the suspensions.

4) Now attach the insulation with polyurethane foam. If the insulation is heavy, then fix it with dowels.

Fill all cracks with polyurethane foam. All other points are performed in the same way as in the previous stages.

Finishing

Most often for finishing use a lining or profile, but drywall is also suitable, which can be pasted over with wallpaper, or PVC panels. It is better to entrust the external finishing of the balcony to specialists, especially if the apartment is located above the first floor.

It is impossible to carry out heating on the balcony, so if you plan to use it constantly, then equip heating in the form of infrared floors, for example. Or you can install an electrical outlet on the balcony to connect the heater - this is the most a budget option... Moreover, the balcony has a small area, so it will heat up quickly enough.

Also, keep in mind that glazing is heavy, so all other trims should be lightweight. So it is better to choose EPS or polystyrene as insulation.

In this article, we have indicated the main points that need to be considered when insulating and finishing a balcony.

So you can start working, knowing how to do it correctly, you will cope with this process without any problems and, as a result, you will get a full-fledged living balcony with a lot of advantages.

Video: How to insulate a balcony from the inside with your own hands video

We will send the material to you by e-mail

The process of warming the room itself is very important, since with the help of such a repair, drafts, cold are removed, and the space of the connected room also expands. But it is not enough just to install double-glazed windows and cover up cracks and holes with polyurethane foam. It is necessary to insulate it. To save money in your wallet, it is better to insulate the loggia with your own hands, step by step photo instruction presented in the article will help you do the job.

Amazing balcony with ecological materials

Initially, you need to select a building material. It is important to remember that not only thermal performance can depend on the selected components, but also. If the building material is too thick, it will steal the usable area.

Note! Any material to retain heat must be environmentally friendly, as well as meet the thermal and steam characteristics.

The room can be insulated with the following materials:

Penofol ... An excellent substitute for mineral wool. It has a multi-layer coating that also has a reflective effect.

Polyurethane foam ... Suitable for balconies as well as possible. Very poorly flammable, created from eco-friendly materials... Installation is done by pouring.

Expanded polystyrene ... Enough economical choice material and is also very effective for the balcony.

Isover ... Available in sheet form. Made of mineral wool, with fiberglass particles.

As a rule, expanded polystyrene is mounted on the walls and ceiling. It is good to use it, because its properties have a high coefficient of thermal conductivity, as well as a small thickness. It can be cut perfectly with a kitchen knife. Alternative option can be considered styrofoam. For cold winter, sheets 10 cm thick are suitable, for mild weather it is better to use 5 cm.

Related article:

Preparatory work and do-it-yourself loggia insulation: step-by-step photo instructions

Before the main process, preparatory work should be done. Only then will it be possible to do the insulation of the loggia with your own hands, and a step-by-step photo instruction will help with this. This will require:

Select those places that will be accurately processed. In any case, you should definitely process the parapet. Walls can be treated as needed. If there are no neighbors on the sides, then they also need to be covered with building materials. Often all walls are insulated.
Before repairing, you need to take everything out and clean the surfaces.
It is recommended to change windows and install double-glazed windows, if there are none.
Next, you need to lay the wiring for sockets, lamps and switches.
The next step is to select a material.
After selecting the material, you can proceed to work with the floor, walls, then the ceiling.
Upon completion, finishing work should be carried out.

Fastening for thermal insulation can be both an adhesive composition and a dowel. If an adhesive is used, then in the process of work it will be necessary to glue the gluing area and the material itself.

Helpful advice! The formed seams, which are obtained directly in the process of insulation, should be filled with polyurethane foam.

Penoplex and how to insulate a loggia with it

Many people dream of converting a balcony into a full-fledged room. But in order to use a similar room it was comfortable, you need to insulate it. As a rule, parapets in apartments have thin walls... In this regard, at the initial stage, it will be necessary to demolish and lay it out on a new one. Thus, the wall will be thicker, and therefore warmer. It is recommended to use a brick that is placed on the adhesive with an edge. For such masonry, silicate brick is ideal.

After the fresh masonry has shrunk, you can proceed with the installation of windows. For this, it is recommended to use the services of professionals. Next, you can move on to insulation. will be installed on ceilings, walls and floors. Following the instructions, you can get to work:

The prepared pieces should be placed in the frame. It is also possible not to create a frame, but to mount the slabs directly on the walls using special mounting fungi.

Helpful advice! Plates should be adjusted so that they fit tightly one to one. This will get rid of the cracks, which means that it will be much warmer on the loggia. It is recommended to walk at the joints with polyurethane foam or sealant.

Reflective insulation should be placed on walls, ceilings and floors. Penofol is ideal. It is recommended to glue the joints with foil tape.

After that, the balcony will be ready for final finishing. To do this, you can use a lining made of wood or plastic, or install other panels.

Do it yourself. How to insulate the floor on the loggia?

The floor should be treated first, and then all other surfaces. The work process is as follows:

It is necessary to properly clean the floor from debris and dust.
Next, you need to seal up all holes or crevices with foam.
Now you should use a thin one and put it on the entire floor. Lay it in such a way that there are no joints or there is a minimum number of them.
When the first layer is laid, you need to walk around its perimeter with construction foam, including joints and seams. Then the second layer is laid by analogy.

Now you can mount the frame from timber... The distance between the bars should be about 50 cm.
The formed distance should be filled with polystyrene. The thickness of the insulation will depend on the thickness of the timber. Ideally when they are flush.
Next, you need to cut off the penofol to the size of the balcony and lay it with the foil side up, but so that it looks about 20 cm at each wall.
Now you can fix the floorboards to the beams and mount the decorative covering.

Alternatively, the floor can be installed underfloor heating or loggias can be made with penoplex.

Insulation of the ceiling and walls of the loggia

For almost all types of premises, walls and ceilings are insulated in the same way. Thus, the walls are insulated like this:

For, Styrofoam is best suited. The process is carried out by analogy with the walls and floor.

Insulation of the loggia from the inside: what is better to do?

For selection the right stuff, there are some important factors to consider:

Purpose of the premises.
- If the balcony will be used as a storage room, then you can use any building material, mounting it in 1 layer.
- When the balcony turns into one room, it is necessary to use different building materials, which are stacked in 2 layers, over the entire area.
- If it is combined with the room, then you need to use a two-layer insulation. The walls can be made in one layer, and special attention should be paid to the parapet.
Using insulation for interior decoration, the useful area will be less, so this factor should be taken into account.

The choice directly depends on the factors described and the tastes of the owner of the room.

Finishing work

Finishing work is needed. This is due not only to the aesthetic appearance, but also affects the protective factors. When it comes to exterior decoration, then the parapet can be covered with corrugated board or siding.

Internal work can be anything you like. It all depends on preferences and imagination. But it is worth noting that finishing the loggia inside with your own hands will bring more pleasure and joy. Often the work is done with PVC panels. You can also wallpaper or just paint the walls. The loggia looks very good in wood trim. It will be not only beautiful, but also environmentally friendly.

Article

The creation of a favorable microclimate on the loggia involves not only wall insulation, the entire space must be hermetically sealed. Floor and ceiling surfaces are also sheathed with a material with a low degree of thermal conductivity. In our article, you will learn how to properly insulate a balcony from the inside.

self-insulation ( personal experience)
... Most useful from youtube
On the example of Moscow

Heat insulator selection

The advantages and disadvantages are inherent in each type of thermal insulation. In order to choose the most suitable insulation, you should compare the main characteristics of heat insulators.

The most common options for heat insulators:

Extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex);
Foamed polyethylene (penofol);
Polyurethane foam (PPU);
Styrofoam;
Mineral wool.

Mineral wool

The thickness of the sheets varies from 2 to 20 cm. Mineral wool is divided into three types, depending on the components of the raw material:

Stone;
Slag;
Glass.

An example of a mineral wool device on a loggia. The material fits into the prepared structure. The frame for installation can be made of metal profiles or wooden blocks.

Manufacturers produce cotton wool in the form of mats and soft rolls. In some cases, one side is covered with foil. Aluminum foil improves the level of thermal insulation.

When laying mineral wool, the foil side should be directed towards the interior of the room. This principle allows heat to bounce off the aluminum cover and return to the room.

This method is quite common, despite the existence of cheaper heat insulators. The insulation is resistant to fire, does not contribute to its spread. When heated, mineral wool does not release into the air harmful substances.

The main disadvantage is that moisture is destructive, a vapor barrier is needed.

Pay attention to the integrity of the mineral wool packaging before purchasing. Moisture adversely affects the properties of the heat insulator. For high-quality insulation, it is necessary that the space of the loggia be dry.

Heaters based on polymers

Penoplex, polyurethane foam, polystyrene, foamed polyethylene are polymers treated with foamed compositions.

Advantages:

The presence of gas bubbles provides not only good level thermal insulation, but also a low weight of the slabs;
High degree of moisture resistance;
The materials are durable;
Antifungal resistance;
Simplicity and convenience when laying plates or sheets, as well as rolls (foamed polyethylene);
An economical repair option, subject to the choice of foam as insulation.

The main disadvantage: support the spread of flame during a fire, emit harmful substances during combustion.

When choosing foam and other polymer-based materials, it is necessary to correctly select the thickness of the plates and determine the density

If you plan to use the space in winter, then choose a thickness of 50 mm. The density is determined by the further coating - for the putty, a value of 25 kg / cu. m.

1. Foam sheets

Insulator plates (expanded polystyrene) during installation.

Styrofoam refers to budgetary ways loggia insulation, however, is considered a rather fragile material, therefore, a crate is required for installation. A worthy replacement is extruded polystyrene foam; for its installation, the creation of a special frame is not required.

2. Penoplex

Plates of extruded polystyrene foam (thickness 50 mm) are used as insulation. Seams between the elements are sealed with polyurethane foam. Penoplex is attached using special disc dowels ("fungi").

3. Penofol

The material is used as a separate heat insulator, and with the help of penofol, it is possible to provide vapor barrier to polystyrene foam. Due to the foil side, warm air is reflected and trapped in the room.

In order to speed up the insulation of the structure, you can use alternative method thermal insulation - spraying of polyurethane foam (PPU).

4. Polyurethane foam

PPU is one of the most modern heat insulators... The cost of application services is considered high in comparison with other analogs, but many managed to evaluate the operational properties of PU foam. This insulation is characterized by high rates thermal insulation due to its finely porous structure.

Spraying of polyurethane foam is carried out by specialists, on assembly work one day is enough, it does not take much time for complete drying.

The main stages of work on warming the space of the loggia

In order to increase the usable area in your house and operate the premises all year round, you must:

1. Close up the gaps if available. Study the room carefully to eliminate any flaws in the structure. As a rule, the slots are filled with polyurethane foam, even if they are of considerable size.

After complete drying, it is necessary to trim off the excess.

2. Glazing with reliable double-glazed windows.

3. Organize a waterproofing layer. To protect against moisture, waterproofing with penetrating properties is used - "Penetron", "Aquaton", etc. The composition is applied with a roller, brush, or sprayed. Such impregnation penetrates into the thickness, therefore, the walls become resistant to unfavorable weather to the maximum, and the strength characteristics improve.

The device of the waterproofing layer allows you to eliminate the smallest surface cracks, which may not be visible visually.

4. Heat insulating layer. To organize a warm structure, we use the selected material (polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, expanded polyethylene, polystyrene, etc.).

5. Installation of a vapor barrier layer. In order to make a vapor barrier, you should use special polymer membranes ("breathing"), as well as films "Rockwool", "Izospan", penofol.

When using penofol, lay the insulation in such a way that the side covered with foil is directed towards the interior of the room. If this condition is met, the heat will be constantly reflected from the foil, lingering inside the space.

6. Final finishing of walls, floor and ceiling surfaces.

WITH detailed description each stage can be found in the article: .

Balcony decoration

The goals of creating interior decoration:

External masking of the heat insulator;
Organization of a favorable indoor environment in the room.

To create a balcony interior, you can choose different options finishes. For the finishing layer, plaster, plastic panels, MDF, lining, plywood, plasterboard sheets and even a block house are perfect.

Lining panels are environmentally friendly and reliable. One of the main advantages of the finishing material is rigidity. The lining is fixed on wooden frame-lattice.

The walls of the loggia are sheathed with clapboard, the flooring is laminate.

Facing the balcony with a block house.

The plastic panels have grooves for connecting elements. Plastic option lining has less rigidity and strength than wood.

Installation of sheets of gypsum plasterboard on metal profiles. Plasterboard boards can be wallpaper, paint, or decorative plaster.

Wall decoration with wallpaper over sheets of gypsum plasterboard.

Bamboo wallpaper. The base for finishing is plasterboard.

Video

1. The result of the loggia insulation.

Glazed balcony. Demonstration of electrical leads. Testing the strength of extruded polystyrene foam. The use of foam with a thickness of 30 and 50 mm, finishing the walls with putty. Concrete floor screed on top of insulation slabs.

2. Stages renovation works on the balcony.

Consistent process of furnishing the premises. Scheme of wall insulation with polystyrene and foamed polyethylene, finishing - plastic panels. Floor: leveling, thermal insulation, sheathing OSB board, installation of laminate lamellas.

Has the day come when it's time to finally throw out your old ski and take out all the cans from your balcony to the garage? Your head is full of ideas, and if not, then the global web will help you. You are ready to realize all the brightest and wildest desires on the vacant piece of living space. There is one little problem left. These are harsh conditions that attack your blood square meters.

Therefore, the primary task that must be solved before letting fantasy unfold is keeping warm. In order to minimize repair costs as much as possible, let's figure it out how to insulate a balcony from the inside with your own hands.

If a decision is made to attach the balcony area to the living area of the apartment, it is necessary to carry out work on its insulation. So that after the repair there are no unforeseen problems, the work must be carried out in compliance with the established norms, rules and approvals.

Serious reconstruction will require permission from local executive authorities, architecture and the Ministry of Emergencies. You should not ignore this point in order not to be punished for violating the housing code. In addition, reconciliation will help avoid certain mistakes when changing structural elements... Experienced specialists will immediately notice that there are no joints in the project. Correction of errors at the design stage will avoid the cost of correcting errors after repair.

The order of work and their volume depend on what tasks the reconstructed balcony will perform:

It will continue to be a place to relax in the warm season, and insulation is carried out to protect it from wind, dust and precipitation. This is a less expensive method and easier to implement.
It will be added to the area of the apartment as a full-fledged living space, used all year round. Here, the scope of work increases significantly, since it will be necessary to provide for heating, steam and waterproofing, and change the power supply system.

Attention! Balcony with sliding windows it is practically pointless to insulate, since the windows themselves will let the cold through.

How to insulate a balcony from the inside with your own hands

First of all, it is necessary to make measurements and determine the amount of materials, their composition and quality. Manufacturers offer wide range materials for insulation, insulation and decoration for every taste and material wealth. Saving on quality, of course, is not worth it. You need to take care of environmental friendliness and fire safety of housing.

A balcony is a remote structure that is located outside the building, its three sides and the ceiling require insulation, even if the neighbors have already done the work. The sequence of work should be built in such a way as not to miss important nuances, which will then have to be corrected:

Particular attention must be paid to the condition fencing parapet... Most often, it is a thin plate made of metal, profile, or iron rods. Such a structure will have to be replaced with a brick wall or foam blocks. For the construction of the wall, you need to choose light, hollow bricks so as not to create an unnecessary load on carrier plate.

The enclosing parapet of the balcony

Glazing it is better to entrust it to professionals. Depending on the chosen interior, the profile can be wooden or PVC with double glazing. The number of doors is determined in advance to ensure ventilation and ease of maintenance. During the installation of windows, expansion profiles are installed, which will facilitate the fastening of insulation boards.

Glazed balcony

Sealing cracks, joints, holes, chips and cracks polyurethane foam, polyurethane sealants or mastic. They will protect against moisture, dust, negative impact environment.

Sealing cracks on the balcony

Let down power supply so that access to food is as practical as possible. Electrical work and the heat supply device must be carried out by specialists who have special permits to carry out such work.

Conducting electricity on the balcony

Warming is carried out in the following sequence: walls and ceiling.

How to insulate walls on a balcony

To choose the right insulation, you need to know its technical characteristics, pros and cons.

The main parameters that determine the quality of the material is its thermal conductivity, ecological and Fire safety... It is very important that the insulation is lightweight and takes up less space.

... Multi-layer, consisting of foil and polyethylene foam, reflective material several millimeters thick. At the same time, it reflects at least 90% of heat, durable, lightweight, inexpensive. During installation, it easily takes the shape of a surface and is attached.

Insulation of a balcony with penofol

Polyurethane foam... Provides fire and environmental safety. It is applied to the surface by pouring or spraying, closes all cracks, provides waterproofing, does not require a frame and fastening.

Thermal insulation of a balcony with polyurethane foam

Penoplex... These are foamed polystyrene boards. The material practically does not absorb moisture, but it is bulky and poorly accepts the parameters of the surface to which it is attached.

Insulation of the balcony with penoplex

Expanded polystyrene... Has excellent sound, steam and thermal insulation properties... Due to its efficiency and environmental friendliness, it is well suited for balcony insulation.

Thermal insulation of the balcony with expanded polystyrene

Stirodur... A type of expanded polystyrene, extruded, green, with good characteristics.

Balcony insulation with styrodur

Isover (mineral wool)... Widespread fiberglass based insulation. This is mineral wool, which retains heat, provides sound insulation, and does not weigh down the structure. Has an affordable cost. It is used with additional waterproofing and vapor barrier.

Insulation of a balcony with isover (mineral wool)

It is not advisable to use fiberglass, as it is fire hazardous and releases toxic substances.

Taking into account the temperature difference between the outside air and the room, it is necessary to provide a kind of hydro-barrier that will not allow warm air if it comes into contact with a cold enclosure, create condensation. The presence of condensation will lead, in the future, to the formation and decay.

Insulation is fastened, depending on the type, with glue, special dowels with a wide head, spacer nails or spraying.

Using mineral wool the surface is pre-primed. After drying, they are applied to the wall mineral slabs smeared with adhesive. Installation starts from the bottom and is carried out according to the type brickwork... Allow the glue to dry completely within 24 hours. It is possible to carry out reinforcement in several places with dowels.

Often, a wooden frame is used for laying slabs, the design of which retains heat worse than insulation. Therefore, it is better to fasten the material end-to-end and seal them with aluminum tape or polyurethane foam.

It is better to fasten the layers of mineral wool end-to-end

The next layer is attached to the vapor barrier. It could be foil-clad polyethylene... It is laid with foil inside the building so that it reflects the heat coming from the house. Insulating materials for other heaters may not be used, depending on the purpose of the room.

How to insulate the floor on the balcony

About a quarter of the heat loss on the balcony occurs through the floor, so work needs to be done to prevent these losses. This is not the most difficult operation and it is quite possible to do it yourself. When choosing a material, it is necessary to take into account that the floor level on the balcony after installation must be at or below the floor level in the adjoining room.

There are several simple and affordable ways:

with a frame device;
monolithic;
electric warm floor.

Only one professional skill may be required - the device of a warm floor.

Underfloor heating installation on the balcony

The main point in choosing a method and material is the condition of the supporting plate. In old houses, structures may have wear and tear and are not always ready to withstand heavy loads. Therefore, it is important to agree with the specialists of the architecture department what weight of materials can be used for repairs. This is especially important when installing monolithic concrete floors.

The frame floor, in turn, can be arranged using:

mineral wool;
expanded clay;
pepoplast;
foam or expanded polystyrene.

Floor insulation technology consists of several stages.

Leveling the surface of the slab is carried out if necessary.
Waterproofing with plastic film or roofing material (for damp rooms).
Arrangement of wooden lathing. A bar is used with a height close to the thickness of the insulation. It is laid along the length of the balcony at a distance of 50 cm from each other or another convenient distance, depending on the size of the insulation sheets. Leave indents from the walls 5-7 cm, and the ends - 5 cm, so that with high humidity the wood does not deform. Attached to the floor with anchors or self-tapping screws with a depth of at least 4mm. This will provide a firm hold. If the installation of transverse beams is required, it is necessary to make cuts up to half the thickness at the joints and make grooves with the help of which the transverse logs are connected to the longitudinal ones. They control the level, do not allow the bars to sag. If necessary, put wooden wedges or dies, which are fixed to the floor, with polyurethane foam. It is important to prevent foam from getting at the junction of the wedge and the bar.
The lathing is filled with the selected insulation.

Cheap and effective material — mineral wool... Available in rolls and slabs, lightweight, easy to install. The size of the canvas is chosen in such a way as not to crease or bend it. This degrades the protective qualities due to the decrease in the amount of air between the fibers. The main disadvantage of mineral wool is its low moisture resistance, so it is necessary to use the next layer of vapor barrier.

Popular, inexpensive Styrofoam due to the ease and simplicity of installation, it is most often used as a heater. It is highly hygroscopic and resistant to any environment. Among the disadvantages are deformation under loads and poor sound insulation.

Thermal insulation of the balcony floor with foam

Penoplex it is resistant to mold development, mechanical stress, temperature changes and excellent thermal insulation performance. As disadvantages, its flammability with the release of harmful substances and the thickness of the material can be canceled.

Insulation of the floor and walls of the balcony with penoplex

High fire resistance, durability possesses expanded clay... But it is not very good for insulating a balcony, since a thick layer is required for normal thermal insulation.

Thermal insulation of the balcony floor with expanded clay

The cracks remaining after filling with insulation are foamed.
On top of the insulation or vapor barrier (if used) as a rough flooring, after which the selected floor material will follow, chipboard or moisture-resistant plywood is attached.

The cement screed is used only when sufficient solid construction balcony. In order not to exceed permissible load, use a reinforced screed up to 50 mm thick.

The following methods will require special professional skills.

As insulation they implement electric heating systems using a special infrared film, cable, tapes. They are laid on a thin layer of insulation and installed according to the manufacturer's instructions.

For water floors a device in a special way of the water circuit is required.

Water floor device diagram

How to insulate the ceiling on the balcony

Before starting work, you should carefully inspect the ceiling for signs of leakage, since even a small amount of moisture, falling on top of the insulation, can lead to the development of mold.

Considering the difficulty of working on the ceiling, it is necessary to protect the eyes and use glasses.

Already familiar penoplex, mineral wool, polystyrene foam (foamed polyethylene foam) are used as material for work.

Penoplex with a density of 35-45kg / cm² allows the use of panels from 20mm, which will provide a normal thermal protection... The only drawback is the high cost.

Insulation of the balcony ceiling with penoplex

Thickness foam can be within 50mm, and the density is 15kg / cm², then MDF, PVC or drywall panels are mounted on top. At a density of 25kg / cm², a putty can be used.

Insulation of the balcony ceiling with foam

For ease of installation, markup is carried out taking into account that the plates or sheets of insulation fit well into the prepared crate, determine the level of fastening. It is better to calculate everything in advance at the bottom, then the work at the top will take less time. The thickness of the layers of insulation and finishing should be such as not to interfere with the opening of windows.

Use a different sequence of work:

Sheathing device → installation of insulation → cladding.
Fastening of insulation throughout the entire area → vapor barrier → installation of a wooden lathing or frame from a metal profile → cladding.

If the balcony is located Upstairs building, it is important to prevent moisture from the roof from getting onto the insulation; for this, an additional layer of insulation with polyethylene or foil polyethylene foam is provided under the roof.

The first layer for waterproofing can be special composition based on bituminous mastic, applied to a concrete slab with a brush. The next step is to install a sheet waterproofer.

How to insulate a balcony with penoplex

Penoplex is an accumulation of expanded polystyrene balls with air spaces... Practically does not absorb moisture, has long term service, low thermal conductivity. Slabs are produced with a thickness of 2-10 cm.

Penoplex plates

The lightness of the material does not place additional stress on the base plate. It is resistant to deformation, does not emit harmful substances. To increase fire safety, choose the type with the C marking. Since the walls of the balcony are thin, thick insulation plates are used, which will reduce the useful area of the room.

Under influence sun rays penoplex loses its properties, therefore it is used only as an internal insulation.

The material is easy to cut, does not crumble, does not create problems during installation. It is used to insulate walls, floors and ceilings. The following types of fastening are used:

Disc type dowels with plastic cores. This mount is suitable for uneven surfaces, metal profile roofs.
With a special glue applied to a previously primed surface, it is enough to apply the glue in dots or in a zigzag pattern. It adheres well to smooth concrete substrates.
With glue, with additional fixation, dowels.

Methods for applying glue to penoplex

Plates of penoplex are placed in prepared cages of the crate or without it, on the entire surface. The use of battens, especially on the façade, impairs thermal protection.

The fit of the plates is carried out tightly, the joints are sealed with construction tape or filled with polyurethane foam. The insulation is covered with a layer of polyethylene with a foil layer. Depending on the purpose of the room, the vapor barrier may not be used.

Penoplex insulation is suitable for all types of interior decoration: special plaster, plasterboard, wood and finishing boards.

How to insulate a balcony with foam

One of the most common ways to insulate a balcony (walls, floor, ceiling) is polystyrene foam. This material, at a relatively low cost, is capable of correct installation, provide excellent thermal insulation performance. Of the others positive qualities, it is worth noting resistance to adverse weather conditions. It does not absorb moisture, does not collapse under its influence, is resistant to the formation of rot and mold.

Polyfoam does not emit harmful substances, it goes well with other materials.

For insulation of the balcony, polystyrene is used both outside and inside. It is better to entrust external work for a multi-storey building to specialized organizations for the purpose of safety.

For internal insulation, a foam thickness of 4-6 cm is sufficient.If the front part is thinner than the side panels, a thickness of up to 10 cm can be used.When choosing a thickness for floor insulation, it is necessary to leave a margin of height for the floor itself, and for the ceiling - for opening windows.

Warming is carried out in two ways:

Glue... On flat surfaces that do not require a waterproofing device, foam plates can be glued special glue(Ceresit ST-85). This method is good for installing a floor under the next screed or walls - under plaster. In this case, when the foam sticks, the glue is applied to its outer surface with a thickness of 2-3 mm. Without waiting for complete drying, they apply a reinforcing mesh, but do not flood it and cover it with another layer of glue.

Glue method of foam insulation

Wireframe... Since the use of other finishing materials requires additional fastening, they are satisfied wooden crate or a frame made of a metal profile. This method is convenient for creating a layered cake that provides outside waterproofing, and from the inside - vapor barrier. Layers can fill the cells of the frame or be located under the bars and on top. The foam itself is cut to the size of the cells so as to fill them as tightly as possible. It is fastened with dowels or self-tapping screws with wide mushroom-shaped caps.

Frame method of insulation with foam

Slots , emptiness , irregularities are filled with scraps, polyurethane foam or sealant. After drying, you can attach a layer of vapor barrier over the insulation and the cake is ready for finishing with plasterboard, plastic panels or other finishing.

How to insulate a plastic balcony

Plastic balconies or decorated with plastic panels, impact resistant external environment, sun rays, temperature difference. Guaranteed service life quality panels not less than 50 years. They are easy to install, have an affordable price, are easy to maintain and look aesthetically pleasing. Due to its positive characteristics, plastic balconies have gained popularity.

Plastic panels improve the aesthetic appearance and provide sufficient thermal protection for balconies with improved glazing.

Balcony with plastic panels

The balcony cladding with plastic is carried out on a mounted wooden frame or metallic profile, which reacts poorly to temperature changes and changes in humidity. The frame device creates free space between the walls and finishing panels. It is foolish not to take advantage of this moment and add one of the common heaters to this space. If, at the same time, the seams and joints of the balcony structure are sealed, then even one layer foam, penoplex or mineral wool filling the crate cages will significantly change the microclimate. And the use of an additional layer of vapor barrier will make it possible to use plastic balcony during all year round as a full-fledged living space.

How to insulate a wooden balcony

Lovers of wood in the interior, maintain the style on the balcony. Main advantages wooden structures in their ecological purity, favorable microclimate created by breathable material. The texture of the wood, supported by modern finishing materials, creates a cozy atmosphere and an attractive look. However, without additional insulation, a wooden balcony can only be fully used in the warm season. In addition, under the influence of the external environment, the tree ages quickly, absorbs moisture, cracks, and lends itself to decay. Constant costs are required to maintain open wooden balconies in an attractive way.

Wooden balcony

Insulation with installation will help to improve consumer qualities glazing and a set of works on waterproofing.

The interior is well supported by double-glazed timber frames of the appropriate species, allowing the balcony to be used as a living space. After their installation, work is carried out to seal cracks, cracks and abutments using polyurethane foam. Insulation technology is similar to work for structures made of other materials, however, wood requires mandatory hydro and vapor barrier.

Work order:

Wooden balcony structures are treated with agents to protect against decay, insects and increase fire resistance. This also applies to the bars for the lathing device.
The concrete base is primed.
Waterproofing is laid on the prepared surfaces. Roofing material or mastic is used for the floor, polyethylene or foil for walls and ceilings.
A wooden frame is prepared from bars, which provide the possibility of laying an insulation of the selected thickness.
Insulation (mineral wool, polystyrene or penoplex) is tightly placed in the cells of the crate. The remaining voids are filled with foam.
A layer of vapor barrier made of foamed polyethylene foam, penofol is attached on top of the insulation.
Finishing with wood panels, clapboard. It must be ensured that the weight finishing material did not overload the balcony support slab. Part wood materials can be replaced with lighter ones without sacrificing functionality and attractiveness.

To insulate the balcony with your own hands was a pleasure and ensure an excellent result, think over the goals and objectives in advance, carry out the necessary approvals and measurements. Choose materials according to technical characteristics and your financial resources. Carry out work in the complex, not missing the little things. And success is assured.

You can also watch several videos that will help you insulate the balcony with your own hands.