Grounding pin

As already seen in the figure - arrangement of the grounding circuit own forces It does not constitute special difficulties. Today there are two main methods of grounding device. The first, already becoming traditional when three and more metallic pins are clogged into the ground to a depth of up to 3 meters. And more modern methodWhen one pin is driven into the ground to a depth of 30 m, i.e. At the maximum possible depth of the first aquifer.

1. Grounding the traditional method

Choose a place on the plot as close to the introductory cabinet (power shield). The optimal is the distance of no more than 10 m.

Drop the trench about 0.5 meters wide and at least 0.8 m depth. The trench is digging in the form of an equilateral triangle (3 x 3 x 3 m) with a tap to the power cabinet.

Then, at the corners of the triangle, drumming 3 wells with a depth of 3 meters and smash there 3 corners of 3 meters. If the primer on the plot is mild, you can try to drive the sledgehammer without drilling a well. The end of the corner must speak a little from the ground, so that it was possible to weld the metal strip to it.

To the three entries installed in Earth (corners), weld the steel strip around the perimeter. One end of the band lead from the ground loop to the power cabinet. Strip weld to the cabinet case.

Before filling the trench, check the resistance of the ground loop. To do this, we need to be armed with an ohmmeter, for example: brands ES 0212. or any other similar. The resistance should not be higher than 10 ohms (usually it turns out 4-6 ohms). It is very small, for comparison - the resistance of the human body is an average of 7000 ohms. If the contour resistance is above 10 ohms, take another pin in the ground and weld it to the contour. Reduce the resistance of the grounding circuit will help the natural grounds ( metal poles Fences, supports, etc.), if they attach them to the contour. Do not forget - all connections are made welding.

The correct grounding contour will allow you to further equip in concentration, i.e. Lightning protection.

2. Grounding one pin

Modular grounding refers to advanced methods electrical connection Conductive material with soil. Another name of the technology is a modular-pin system.

This article will consider the advantages and options for installing such a type of grounding. The issue of control over the contour resistance will also be paid.

Modular-pin grounding system

The specified system consists of steel rods and connecting couplings located along the vertical (indicated in Figures No. 1 and No. 2). The length of each rod covered with a copper layer is 1.5 meters. Brass clutches are used to fasten the rods with each other.

Technical specifications:

• details length - 1500 millimeters;
• core diameter - 14.2 millimeters;
• thread: 5/8 "(double-sided, coated with copper);
• thread Length - 30 millimeters;
• mass - 1.85 kilograms.

Technical specifications:

• material - brass L63 (possible use of bronze);
• length - 70 millimeters;
• diameter - 22 millimeters;
• internal thread - 5/8 ";
• thread Length - 60 millimeters;
• mass - 114 grams.

The equipment includes a brass clamp, with the help of which elements of the ground circuit located vertically and horizontally are fastened. A steel rod protrudes as the vertical element, and the horizontal - copper wire from the wires or steel strip.

As can be seen in Figure No. 4, there are two types of steel tips in the equipment kit. They are screwed into the rod installed in the vertical ground. Tips are designed for different types Soils: For especially solid soils and for ordinary soils.

Technical specifications:

• length of the tip - 42 millimeters;
• the diameter of the tip made of steel - 20 millimeters;
• internal thread - 5/8 ";
• thread Length - 20 millimeters;
• mass - 45 grams.

In addition to the main device, the landing site is supplied (depicted in Figure No. 5), as well as special nozzle (Figure No. 6). These fixtures will be needed for the application and transmission of vibromolot movements.

Technical details:

• length - 53 millimeters;
• diameter - 23.6 millimeters;
• outdoor thread - 5/8 ";
• thread Length - 35 millimeters;
• mass - 110 grams.

• length - 265 millimeters;
• the diameter of the main part is 18 millimeters;
• the diameter of the working part is 11.7 millimeters;
• the length of the working part is 14.5 millimeters.

In addition, an anti-corrosion conductive liquid paste is attached to the main set (Figure No. 7). It is designed to prevent corrosion. Also in the package includes a protective tape (Figure No. 8), which is used for clamping fastening of the elements of the vertical system and horizontally.

The conducting current of graphite-based paste allows you to achieve a constant electrocups of the vertical ground electrode. This pasty composition can be applied regardless of the seasonal factor. The lubricant is treated with threads of all connections used.

Anticorrosion paste is characterized by good adhesion and high temperatures resistant. In other words: the paste does not flow when heated. The use of lubricant reduces the interface resistance by 9-10%.

The tape is used to prevent corrosion on pipes (regardless of the place of placement), as well as on any other metal structural elements. Anticorrosion ribbon is distinguished by plasticity even with high temperatures, as well as acid resistance, resistance to alkaline and salted environments. The tape is not afraid of harmful microorganisms and moisture.

Assembly works are more convenient to carry out with the use of vibration hammer (Figure No. 9). Resistance to spreading is controlled by the resistance measurement device (Figure No. 10).

Installation work

Montage with my own hands consists of several consecutive stages, which will be discussed below.

Installing the measuring device

The device for resistance measurements put not far from the place where the entrance contour will be installed. As a place, choose a pit with a height, width and a depth of 200 millimeters for each parameter. The pit should be located at one and a half meters from the wall of the building, where the horizontal element of the ground circuit is located. A copper wire or strip of steel can be used as an element.

For measurements, you need measuring electrodes that install with a retreat of 25 and 10 meters along different directions of the device. We score electrodes to the ground and connect them to the measuring instrument.

Mounting circuit electrodes

Installing the first pin module

1. Screw the tip on one side of the rod. Before winding the tip must be treated with anti-corrosion lubrication.
2. On another rod end screw the coupling. It is also processed by an anti-corrosion composition.
3. We install the planting head intended for the application of the press of vibromolot.
4. The collected rod (the tip of the book) is set as you fine into the soil in the pit.
5. Turn on the vibratingromolot, we guide it to the rod platform and approximately 15-20 seconds score a rod into the ground. At the same time, 20 centimeters leave on the surface so that you can connect with each other with a stem.

Memo intermediate resistance

We remove the landing pad and measure resistance. To achieve the required resistance, you need to plunge vertical pins, setting each other entry sections.

Installing other vertical pins

1. After processing the clutch, the lubricant screw the other copper rod into it.
2. We wear another clutch on the rod and put the landing head again.
3. We repeat the operation with a vibromolot.
4. Check the resistance to spreading.

Rods are increasing to that time until the resistance drops below 4 ohms.

Installing horizontal earthing

1. We start connecting vertical and horizontal entry elements. To connect a steel tape or copper wire to the rod, we use a brass clamp. One side of the clamp is fitted under the pin, the other is under the copper wire or steel stripes.
2. Fix clamp bolts on the rod.
3. We screw the horizontal part of the grounding to the clamp. The horizontal component is separated from the pin of the separation plate, which avoids bimetallic corrosion.
4. We apply to all bolted compounds anti-corrosion tape (Figure No. 12).

The grounding circuit, manufactured according to the modular-pin system, can be performed both in one-point and multipoint execution. A specific selection depends on the task set - the necessary resistance of the entrancers.

Advantages of modular-pin grounding

Figure No. 13 shows the interdependence between the resistance to spreading and the depth of the ground rod. The commissioned entry system allowed less than an hour to achieve resistance to spreading at about 4 ohms.

A graph of the resistance of the grounding from the depth on which the rod is located.

We will understand what kind of conditions needed installed system. To install the ground circuit with a pinway with a plump method:

• vibromolot, which will facilitate the installation process of installation;
• measuring device;
• another installer, which will perform the function of the assistant holding the rod during the operation of the vibromolot.

Below are the advantages that differs from the modular ground in comparison with the most commonly used standard entry circuit:

1. The area on which the modular-pin system is located, not more than one square meterWhat points to the ability to compact installation.
2. No need for labor-intensive earthworksaH due to the use of vibromolot.
3. Not needed welding workSince all connections in the modular-pin system are carried out using couplings.
4. A long service life of the system (over 30 years) due to the coatings resistant to corrosive processes (indicates resistance to corrosion of soil and electrolytic origins).
5. The use of deep modular-pin design removes dependence on the characteristics of the soil.
6. There are no complex elements in the design, it may not even be too trained person.

Another question that is worth mentioning is the cost of the system. In general, costs are approximately equivalent to 500 US dollars. The installation cost will add another 120 dollars to costs. At the same time, the classical entry system will cost about $ 240 together with the installation work. However, despite the loss in the price list listed above the advantages of the modular-pin system unambiguously indicate its favor.

When the grounding circuit is installed, it will be necessary to arrange the appropriate documentation on it, including the measurement protocol, the ground passport (with the scheme included in it) and the act of hidden work. Documents must be stored throughout the life of the system.

Modular grounding - This is a project created specifically for mounting entrancers on residential sites, for example, such as country private houses, country housesas well as for industrial and administrative facilities.

Mounting the modular grounding circuit.

The modular earthing is a prefabricated design, consisting of steel copper-treated pins, each 1.5 meters long. These pins are combined into a single grounding circuit of grounding object.

The length of the collective ground pin can reach the depth of about 30 - 40 meters. Manding 1.5 meter pins have at the ends of the thread, by means of which the connecting coupling between them, it appears as to promote the precast ground pin in the depth - to increase it with the next pin, etc.

Installation of the vertical null pin in the depth, is made as follows. The first pin is equipped with a steel tip below, and on its upper part, the mounting clutch with a nozzle under the vibromolot is screwed. For shocks, a hammer or a perforator is used for the nozzle, and a special clamp is used to hold the pin in the vertical position.

When the first pin in the ground goes to the length of approximately 1.3 - 1.4 meters, the mounting coupling with a nozzle under the vibratingromolot is removed, and instead of them, the second pin is screwed through the coupling coupling. The pretention to hold the pin in the vertical position moves up the newly mounted design, and its top is equipped with a mounting coupling and a nozzle under the hammer and the process of clogging the ground pin continues.

The diagram of the modular navigator pin, is shown in the following scheme, where:

1. Nozzle under the hammer or vibromolot.

2. Coupling assembly.

3. Clamp for retention of a ground pin in a vertical position.

4. Connecting coupling.

5. Ground rod.

6. Steel tip.

There are several (according to the project) of such modular earthingers for the grounding circuit, and then they are connected to each other, by means of a copper strip or wire using clamps, into a single ground circuit. When installing clamps, these places are pre-conducted by conductive paste, and after full mount The entire ground contour - it is exposed to anticorrosive painting.

The measurement of the resistance of the mounted vertical pin is possible at the installation phase of each, a newly screwed 1.5 meter pin, and the service life of such a modular grounding circuit is about 30 years.

Advantages of modular grounding.

Contemporary appliances And the equipment requires grounding. Only in this case manufacturers will support their warranties. The inhabitants of the apartments have to wait for the overhaul networks, and the owners of the houses can do everything with their own hands. How to make grounding in a private house, what is the order of actions and connection schemes - you read about all this here.

In general, grounding contours can be in the form of a triangle, rectangle, oval, lines or arcs. Optimal option For a private house - a triangle, but others are also suitable.

Grounding in a private house - types of grounding contours

Triangle

Grounding in a private house or in the country most often made with a circuit in the form of an isolated triangle. Why is that? Because, with such a structure, on the minimum area, we obtain the maximum area of \u200b\u200bscattering currents. The cost of the grounding circuit device is minimal, and the parameters correspond to the nomam.

The minimum distance between the pins in the triangle of the ground circuit - their length, the maximum - double-long length. For example, if the pins are scored to a depth of 2.5 meters, then the distance between them should be 2.5-5.0 m. In this case, when measuring the resistance of the ground circuit, you will receive normal indicators.

During the work, it is not always possible to make a triangle strictly equal - the stones come across right place Or other hard parts of the soils. In this case, you can shift pins.

Linear earth contour

In some cases, it is easier to make a ground contour in the form of a semicircle or a chain of pins built into the line (if there is no free section of suitable sizes). In this case, the distance between the pins is also equal to or more than the length of the electrodes themselves.

With a linear circuit, you need a larger number of vertical electrodes - so that the dispersion area is sufficient

Lack of this method - to obtain necessary parameters necessary large quantity vertical electrodes. So how to score them - then the pleasure, in the presence of MET, try to make a triangular contour.

Materials for the grounding circuit

To grounding the private house was effective, its resistance should not be more than 4 ohms. To do this, it is necessary to ensure good contact of the ground with the soil. The problem is that it is possible to measure the ground resistance only by a special device. This procedure is carried out when commissioning the system. If the parameters are worse, the act does not sign. Therefore, making the grounding of a private house or cottage with your own hands, try to strictly stick to technology.

Parameters and materials of pins

Grounding pins are usually made from ferrous metal. Most often a rod with a cross section 16 mm and more or a corner of 50 * 50 * 5 mm parameters (shelf 5 cm, a metal thickness is 5 mm). Please note that the reinforcement cannot be used - its surface is rotable, which changes the distribution of currents, besides in the ground it quickly rusts and collapses. I need a bar, not fittings.

Another option for arid regions is thick-walled metal pipes. Their lower part is flattened in the form of a cone, the holes are drilled in the lower third. Under their installation, the wells are drilled by the desired length, as they will not score them. When drying the soils and deterioration of grounding parameters, the hydrochloride is poured into the pipes - to restore the scattering capacity of the soil.

Long ground rods - 2.5-3 meters. This is enough for most regions. More specifically there are two requirements:

Specific ground parameters can be calculated, but the results of a geological study are required. If you have such, you can order a calculation in a specialized organization.

What makes metallia and how to connect with pins

All contour pins are connected to metallia. It can be done from:

• copper wire with a cross section for less than 10 mm 2;
• aluminum wire with a cross section of at least 16 mm 2
• steel conductor with a cross section of at least 100 mm 2 (usually a strip 25 * 5 mm).

Most often, the pins are connected to the steel strip. It is welded to the corners or podrels of the bar. Very important to quality welded seam It was high - from this depends whether your grounding will pass or not (whether it will comply with the requirements - resistance is less than 4 ohms).

When using an aluminum or copper wire, a large cross section bolt is welded to pins, the wires are already fixed to it. The wire can be turned on the bolt and press the washer with the nut, you can stroke the wire with the connector suitable size. The main task is the same - to ensure good contact. Therefore, do not forget to clean the bolt and wire to pure metal (you can handle the skin) and help well - for good contact.

How to make grounding with your own hands

After all the materials are purchased, you can proceed to the manufacture of the grounding circuit. For starters, cut metal on segments. The length of them should be more calculated by about 20-30 cm - when clogging the pin, the pin bend, so that you have to cut them down.

Sharpen the scored edges of the vertical electrodes - the case will go faster

There is a way to reduce the resistance when driving the electrodes - one end of the corner or pin is sharpened at an angle of 30 °. This angle is optimal when driving into the ground. The second point is to the upper edge of the electrode, on top, to weld the platform from the metal. First, it is easier for it, secondly, the metal is less deformed.

Order of work

Regardless of the outline of the contour, everything begins with earthworks. You need to dig a ditch. It is better to make it with the beveled edges - so it is less attached. The order of work is:

Actually, all. Grounding in a private house did their own hands. It remains to connect it. To do this, we must deal with the schemes of grounding organization.

Enter the grounding contour to the house

The grounding circuit needs to somehow start the grounding bus. It is possible to do this with a steel strip 24 * 4 mm, a copper wire with a cross section of 10 mm2, aluminum wire Section 16 mm2.

In the case of the use of wires, it is better to look for in isolation. Then the bolt is welded to the contour, the end of the conductor is put on the sleeve with the contact pad (round). A nut hits the bolt, on it - the washer, then the wire, from above - another washer and all this is tightened with a nut (picture on the right).

How to start "land" in the house

When using the steel strip there are two outputs - get a bus or wire into the house. The steel bus size is 24 * 4 mm pull really does not want - the kind of non-psychic. If there is - it is possible with the same bolted joint Copper tire. It needs much smaller size, it looks better (photo on the left).

You can also make a transition from a metal tire to a copper wire (section 10 mm2). In this case, the tire welded two bolt of a distance of several centimeters from each other (5-10 cm). The copper wire is spinning around both bolts, pressing them with a washer and nut to metal (tighten as much as possible). This is the way - the most economical and convenient. Not so much money requires, as using only copper / aluminum wire, it is easier to carry it out than a tire (even copper).

Grounding schemes: what better do

IN currently In the private sector, only two ground connection schemes are used - TN-C-S and TT. For the most part, the house is suitable for two-tier (220 V) or a four-cylinder (380 V) cable (TN-C system). With such a wiring, in addition to phase (phase) wires, the protective conductor Pen comes, in which zero and earth are combined. At the moment, this method does not provide proper protection against electric shock, therefore it is recommended to replace the old two-wire wiring on the three-wire (220 V) or five-wire (380 V).

In order to obtain a normal three- or five-wire wiring, it is necessary to separate this conductor on the Earth PE and neutral N (at the same time an individual grounding circuit is necessary). Do it in the introductory cabinet on the facade of the house or in the accounting and distribution cabinet inside the house, but be sure to counter. Depending on the separation method, either the TN-C-S system or TT is obtained.

Device in the private house of the grounding system TN-C-S

When using this scheme, it is very important to make a good individual grounding circuit. Please note that at the TN-C-S system to protect against electric shock, the installation of UDO and DIFAVTOMATOMATOs is necessary. Without them, no protection is not about.

Also, to ensure protection, it is required to connect all systems that are made of conductive materials - heating, water supply, water supply (inseparable) armature carcass foundation, sewage, gas pipeline (if they are made of metal pipes). Therefore, the grounding bus must be taken "with a stock".

To separate the PEN conductor and creating grounding in a private house TN-CS, three tires are needed: on a metal base - it will be a PE tire (earth), and on a dielectric base - it will be a tire N (neutral), and a small splitter bus into four " landing "places.

Metallic "earthy" tire must be attached to the metal case of the cabinet so that there is a good electrical contact. To do this, in places of attachment, under the bolts, with the housing, paint is cleaned to pure metal. The zero bus - on a dielectric base - better to be attached to the Dean Rake. This method of installation performs the basic requirement - after separation of the PE and N bus, they should not intersect anywhere (should not have contact).

Grounding in a private house - transition from the TN-C system on TN-S-S

• The PEN conductor came from the line will start on a split tire.
• Connect the wire from the ground contour to the same tire.
• From one socket with a copper wire with a cross section of 10 mm 2, we put the jumper on the earthy tire;
• From the last free socket, we put a jumper on the zero tire or a neutral bus (also a copper wire of 10 mm 2).

Now everything is grounded in a private house done according to the TN-C-S scheme. Next, to connect the consumers of the phase, we take from the introductory cable, zero from the tire n, the ground - from the PE bus. Be sure to follow the land and zero nowhere intersect.

Grounding on the TT system

The TN-C schema conversion in TT is simply simply. Two wires come from column. The phase and further is used as a phase, and the protective Pen conductor is attached to the "zero" tire and further is considered zero. On the grounding bus, the conductor from the circuit made is directly fed.

Grounding in a private house with your own hands - TT scheme

The disadvantage of this system is that it provides protection only by the technique, which provides for the use of "earth" wire. If there are still household appliances made on a two-wire scheme, it can be energized. Even if their housings ground with individual conductors, in case of problems, the voltage can remain on the "zero" (the phase will break the machine). Therefore, from these two schemes, the preference is given to TN-C-S as more reliable.

The device of the so-called bellged ground loop externally is the electrodes - metal rods that are clogged into the ground and are connected in each other. The most effective is the design in which the electrodes are located in one line. However favorable conditions It is quite a design and the design in which the rods are arranged by a triangle.

Grounding device in case of pins in one line

The grounding device in the case of a triangle pins

The arrangement of the triangle is somewhat worse, since the electrodes are much more shielded, and this means that the consumption of material when organizing such a structure under the remaining equal conditions will become more. From the other side, at a short distance, the triangular arrangement significantly reduces the number of earthworks, and to connect pins with a bus between themselves much more conveniently in the triangular hole, rather than in a narrow trench.


The design of the deep grounding circuit with angle: 1. A corner of steel 50 by 50 per 5 millimeters, 2. The connecting strip of steel 50 by 5 millimeters, 3. The steel tire of the ground 50 to 5 millimeters.

The distance of the grounding circuit from the house walls should be at least a 1st meter.
Grounding electrodes should be burned on a decent depth of possible soil freezing. The thing is that being frozen the soil is very badly spent electricity. In particular, during the freezing of the most upper ground layer of the height of the half of the height, the resistance increases by approximately ten times, and at a depth of about a meter - three times. In the summer, the superficial layers of the soil (about a meter of depth) dry out noticeably, which increases rather dramatically. Therefore, it is necessary to dodge the electrodes in the so-called stable soil layers, which lie at a depth of 1-2 meters. At this depth, the soil parameters of the soil almost do not change throughout the year.

Of course, it is quite possible to take longer metal electrodes, but it will increase the material consumption. The calculation of the entry contour is given in the article entitled "Calculation of Grounding" on our resource. In addition, it is worth noting that the earthinger's rods are manually in the Earth over 2.5 meters long the length is rather problematic.

Table 1 is the coefficient of use of the 3-electrode electrodes that are placed in a row


Construction fittings not suitable for ground rods

The 1st table shows how the distance between the 3rd rods affects the coefficient of their application. The distance of the distance between the rods is the ratio of the rod length used to the distance between them. For example, if you take a pair of electrodes with a length of 2.5 meters, completely inefficient to the ground to the necessary depth of the freezing (all of their length is used) and arrange them at a distance of two and a half meters from each other, then their ratio will be equal to 1 \u003d 2.5 / 2.5.

Looking at the table, you can make such a conclusion that the most optimal distance Equally, the length of the entrance circuit happens between the rods of the grounding circuit. With an enlarged distance, the efficiency increase will be small with a fairly large amount of work on Earth and consumption of material to connect the rods of the tire.

For the production of deep electrodes, you can use any materials that have the minimum dimensions specified in Table 2.

It should be noted that in Table 2 there is no reinforcement with a so-called periodic profile, which is usually used to perform concrete reinforcement. The rods of this kind of reinforcement are absolutely not suitable for deep grounding, because when driving to the ground, they tear it near them, which leads to an increase in resistance.
Table 2-Paradise Minimum dimensions Electrodes grounding from the point of view of mechanical and corrosion resistance

Implementation of the galvanized rod compound with also a galvanized strip using a bolt clamp

For the purpose of connecting contour rods from the grounding bus and connectors, two methods are used:

In the case of using galvanized rolled products, it is possible to apply a compound without welding, with the help of crimp threaded clamps. And the connection site must necessarily be protected from corrosion using an anti-corrosion bandage, or coating with hot bitumen;

When applying rolled steel steel without any coatings, it is connected by using arc electric welding.

Conducting anti-corrosion processing of the compound on the clamps

Regarding the wires (the so-called protective conductor), which is connected directly to the grounding structure (that is, to the ground bus), it is best to apply a wire of copper. The size of the minimum cross-section of the ground wire should be chosen along Table 3. For example, if simply connect the wire from copper to the steel tire using a threaded galvanized connection, and the connection is in the distribution plastic boxThe wire itself is hidden in the plastic corrugation, then this kind of connection must be considered poorly protected from corrosion exposure, since it is directly in contact with air. However, the compound of the entry circuit of this kind and conductor is protected mechanically, which means the minimum possible cross section of the copper wire will be equal to 10 millimeters2. The details on the arrangement of the protective house grounding are carried out in the article entitled "Installation of the ground loop independently".