Wooden floors allow you to keep warm in the house with the use of minimal technical and material means. It is thanks to this feature that such floors throughout their centuries-old history have remained and remain the most widespread and do not yield their leadership even to the most modern high-tech flooring and coverings.

The floors made of high quality wood, with proper care, retain their performance characteristics for centuries, are relatively inexpensive, versatile (they can be installed on any type of base), are harmless to the human body and look very impressive. If necessary, they themselves can serve as the basis for the installation of floors of a different type. In addition, wooden floors are quite easy to install and can be installed in a private house or apartment by just one person.

General principles of wood flooring

Directly genital boards are always laid on logs, but the logs themselves can be laid both on a concrete or even an earthen base, and on supports - usually these are brick, wooden or metal pillars. Rarely, but the technology is still used, in which the ends of the logs are embedded in opposite walls or laid on specially provided ledges near the walls and operated without intermediate supports. However, in this case, it is very difficult to block wide spans - logs of a very large section and weight are required, and it is almost impossible to install them correctly alone ...

Device wooden floors on a concrete base practically does not differ from the device of floors in an apartment with ceilings from reinforced concrete slabs... The situation is much more complicated with installation of the floor on the first floor of a private house, since in this case it is highly desirable to arrange a ventilated and DRY underground. Its presence to a large extent determines the strength and durability of the finished floor, especially in cases of a high location of groundwater.

A few words about the tool

It depends on the chosen method of floor installation, which tool is needed for the job. But in any case, you cannot do without:

• laser level; in extreme cases, you can use the hydro level, but an assistant will be required to work with it;
• conventional or cross construction bubble level at least 1 meter long; a cross level is preferable, since it allows you to check the plane simultaneously in two directions;
• hammer weighing no more than 500 g;
• chain or circular saw, or a good hacksaw.
• jointer and (or) grinders.

An ordinary carpenter's tool will not be superfluous - a square, a small ax, a plane, a chisel, a nail puller.

Floor device on support pillars

Traditionally, a wooden floor is assembled from the following "layers" (bottom to top):

• the basis of all flooring is logs;
• rough ("bottom") floor;
• waterproofing layer;
• thermal insulation layer;
• directly a wooden floor (final flooring);
• finishing flooring.

This whole multi-layered "sandwich" usually rests on support pillars- concrete, brick, wood or metal.

Installation of brick pillars

The optimal choice today is brick pillars, which have acceptable strength characteristics, are quite affordable from a financial point of view and do not require special labor costs during construction. The only limitation is the height of such support pillars should not exceed 1.5 m; if it is greater, in order to maintain the strength of the supports, their cross-section will have to be increased, which will lead to a sharp increase the required amount bricks and, accordingly, an increase in material costs for construction. With a pillar height of up to 50-60 cm, a section of 1x1 brick is sufficient, at a height of 0.6-1.2 m, at least 1.5x1.5 bricks are made, and at least 2x2 bricks are laid out for columns up to 1.5 m high.

Anyway concrete "pyataks" must be poured under the brick supports the area of ​​which exceeds the cross-sectional area of ​​the posts by at least 10 cm in each direction. The distance between the centers of the platforms is selected within 0.7-1 m ALONG the log and 0.8-1.2 m BETWEEN the logs with a section of 100 ... 150x150 mm. After marking in the places where the pillars were erected, pits with a depth of about half a meter are pulled out; the main thing is that the bottom should be below the fertile layer of the earth. At the bottom of these mini-pits, a sand and gravel "pillow" is made, on which it is poured concrete mix... It is desirable that the surface of the resulting "penny" is a few centimeters above ground level.

It is at the stage of laying out the support pillars the horizontality of the future floor is laid, and it is at this stage that it is best to use laser level... With its help, the level of the LOWER EDGE of the LAG plus 1 cm is marked on the walls, a construction cord is pulled between the opposite walls along this level, and the height of the pillars is adjusted according to its level. It is not necessary to display it strictly to a millimeter - a gap of a couple of centimeters is quite acceptable. When calculating the total thickness of the floor, it should be borne in mind that at least its upper plane must be higher than the level of the building's basement - otherwise it will be extremely difficult to avoid "cold bridges".

Some features of support pillars

It is worth providing for them availability of fasteners for beams-lag... Typically, such fasteners are vertical "studs" with threads or anchor bolts embedded by 10-20 cm - then through holes are drilled in the logs in the appropriate places, with which the beams are "put on" the resulting pins, and are attracted by nuts and washers. The protruding excess "thread" is cut off with a "grinder".

The lateral surfaces of the posts and, especially, their upper plane, on which the lag will fit, preferably cover with a layer of durable plaster- it will additionally strengthen the structure and play the role of additional waterproofing. On the surface of the finished posts is laid 2-3 layers of small pieces of roofing material.

After completely dry and hardened masonry mortar(this takes about a week) logs can already be laid on the finished support pillars.

Laying logs on brick posts

The length of the lag is chosen depending on the construction of the floor. When laying on support pillars, there are only two options for such structures - "floating" and rigid.

Floating or hard floors?

In the first case, the entire "sandwich" of the floor lies and rests exclusively on the posts, not being rigidly tied to the walls or. In the second, the ends of the lag are rigidly attached to the walls in one way or another; such a design practically excludes the "walking" of the flooring, but when the building subsides, it may well lead to deformation of the finished floors.

With a "floating" version of the floor, the length of the lag is 3-5 cm less than the distance from wall to wall. In the second case, the gap should be no more than 2 cm - otherwise the logs will be difficult to rigidly attach to the walls. If necessary, lags can be made from two or more pieces, connecting them in "half paws" - but the joint must necessarily fall on the support post and be nailed or (with a lag section of up to 10x100 mm) screwed on with self-tapping screws.

If the final length of the lags is less than three meters, then they can be laid directly on the supports (not forgetting about waterproofing gaskets made of roofing material!); however, it is much better between the roofing felt and the lower plane of the beam-lag to lay flat a piece of board 25-50 mm thick. In the case of head-on lags, this is a must!

Lag alignment

After laying the lags on the prepared support pillars, they must be "set" according to the level. This is done as follows: using wooden spacers of small thickness the two outer beams are laid strictly horizontally, according to the previously calculated and marked height level. So far, gaskets are used only on the extreme support pillars, for the time being, you can ignore the intermediate ones. The ends of the exposed logs are nailed to the walls; in the case of floating floors, this anchorage will be temporary.

On both sides, at a distance of 0.3-0.5 m from the walls, along the upper planes of the laid logs tightly the construction cord is stretched. All other intermediate beams are displayed along it; then, if necessary, gaskets are installed between the rest of the posts and lags. ALL spacers should be FIRMLY tied (nailed) to the lags, and, if possible, to the support posts. The beams should lie tightly on the posts; in extreme cases, gaps of no more than 2 mm are allowed - but not on adjacent posts.

Rough floor

After laying the log, a rough floor is made. For this, a narrow bar ("cranial" bar) is nailed along the entire length of the lower cut of the lag on each side of it. Raw boards are laid on it between the logs with a length equal to the distance between the logs. After laying, these boards are covered with a "solid" vapor barrier film, on which the insulation is applied or covered. From above, everything is completely covered with a windproof canvas.

Underfloor ventilation

When installing the floor on brick pillars in the underground space ventilation must be provided- forced (with a large cubic capacity of the underground) or natural. An obligatory element of such ventilation is the so-called "Air": through holes in or walls below floor level. Such openings must be present along the entire perimeter of the building and under internal partitions, the distance between them should not exceed 3 m.

The dimensions of the vents are usually chosen 10x10 cm, the center of the hole should be at a height of 0.3-0.4 m from the ground level (above the thickness of the winter snow cover). It is imperative to provide for the possibility of shutting off the air vents in the winter. In addition, in order to protect against rodents, the air vents are closed with a mesh with a fine mesh.

When if the underground is not too deep(no more than 0.5 m) and the device of air vents is difficult, ventilation holes are made in the floor itself - usually in the corners... These openings are covered with decorative grilles and must always be open.

How to install floors correctly

Before laying the floorboards, cover the insulation with a windproof cloth. The choice of board depends on what kind of surface the finished floor will be. If it is conceived natural, you will need a tongue-and-groove batten(with a lock); if linoleum or laminate is laid, it is quite possible to do with the usual edged board. BUT IN ANY CASE THE WOOD SHOULD BE WELL DRY!

We attach the grooved board to the logs

The first board is placed with a gap of 1-1.5 cm from the wall, and not close to it, with a spike against the wall. The next boards are pressed against the previous ones using some kind of stop (clamps, for example) and a pair of wooden wedges. Boards, especially if they are thicker than 25 mm, are nailed - self-tapping screws in this case are not suitable, they do not attract the board to the upper surface of the log badly. The specified gap of 1-1.5 cm must be maintained around the entire perimeter of the room. The existing joints of the ends of the floorboards must be staggered.

Final finishing of the laid floor

Once the flooring has been laid, the floor is ready for finishing consisting in its sanding (scraping) and coating with paint or varnish... It is almost impossible to do it manually - you should use electric jointer or grinder... After this very dusty procedure, it is recommended that all "opened" to treat cracks and gaps between the boards with wood putty made on the basis of drying oil. Last operation before painting - fixing the plinth around the perimeter of the room.

The polished surface is painted or varnished, for example - yacht; modern paints and varnishes allow you to simulate almost any type of wood or material surface. Usually, at least two layers of coating are applied, for work they use paint roller and a good respirator. If you want to get a non-glossy, but matte floor surface, you can use wax or oil.

Natural building materials are considered quite relevant in use. In this regard, wooden floors in a private house, being an environmentally friendly product, are used in many country buildings.

They are quite popular, since the installation is quite simple and reliable. You can do the work without the services of specialists with your own hands. True, this will take a lot of effort and time. In addition, you will have to carefully study the nuances of the technology of their flooring.

Option selection

Sooner or later, such a question arises before every owner planning to reconstruct or build his house from scratch.

First, you need to decide on how the floor will be installed in a private house.

At the moment, the following options for flooring wooden floors are most popular:

1. Located on logs (cuttings) on the ground.
2. Installed on brick (concrete) pedestals.
3. Cement screed flooring.

The advantage that a wooden floor in a private house has over a concrete analogue is the environmental friendliness of the material and good thermal insulation performance. The only drawback is the need for well-executed waterproofing. If this is not done, even the most reliable larch or beech floor will eventually require replacement.

Of all the known methods of flooring, the concrete base is considered to be the most durable. But the material is very cold, so a wooden covering must be laid on top of it.

Construction and wood

Choose wood for flawless flooring

As an example, we consider the system of laying wooden floors in a private house located on the ground floor. For this situation, the coating is laid on the ground and consists of the following elements:

• lags (overshoots);
• rough floors;
• waterproofing;
• thermal insulation;
• clean floors;
• finishing floor covering.

The structure is located on support pillars or beams made of cement mortar or brick. Under the floor there is a subfloor in which communications can be placed, as well as use this free space for storing canned goods, vegetables or other unnecessary things.

If the underground has been thought out in advance, and the foundation was well insulated during its installation, it is allowed to arrange a full-fledged basement floor.

This method of floor installation is considered the most common, since thanks to the subfloor, the space is well ventilated, the wood is always dry, and an optimal microclimate is created on the ground floor. Installation of a wooden floor directly on the ground is allowed only if the level of passage of groundwater has been taken into account.

Failure to comply with these requirements can lead to the formation of mold and mildew in the subfield. In this case, waterproofing should be given special attention.

Choice of materials

Choose resinous wood for lag

Wooden floors in a private house are constantly exposed to heavy loads, therefore, for their installation, it is recommended to use only solid wood species, and it is also necessary to choose materials that are suitable for the following characteristics:

1. The lifespan of the floors will depend on what percentage of moisture the fiber has. V otherwise you will have to thoroughly dry the boards and process them special formulations that prevent the formation of mold.
2. It is recommended to install the floor in the house only from boards and beams that do not have cracks and chips. Failure to comply with this condition will lead to the need to repair the structure in a short period.
3. Treatment with fire-fighting compounds and antiseptics is required in any case.
4. Planks of oak, ash and beech have the greatest strength. The disadvantage of materials made from these types of wood is that they are too fragile and expensive. Therefore, the most common sawn timber is from coniferous species: pine, spruce, larch, cedar.

Underground

Don't forget the vents

When laying floors with your own hands, you definitely need to think about the fact that the subfloor under them has ventilation holes... If this is not done, the service life of the flooring will be significantly reduced.

If in the region where the house is located windy and snowy winters, as a barrier against blowing out the underground space, a ventilation pipe with a visor is installed.

To improve the quality of ventilation, you can make an additional window fan. A small lattice with a cell more than 10 mm in size will serve as a barrier to entry of mice and rats.

Posts or beams

The device of floors in a private house begins with the installation of base posts. In most cases, these are brick lined or flooded concrete structures... As an option, wood of durable species is used: oak, beech, ash, but their service life rarely exceeds 10 years. For more information about the device of floors in a house made of timber, see this video:

First you need to choose the location of the columns. To do this, you need to use a tape measure and lacing. The rope runs between the walls in the center of the room. With an interval of 80 - 100 cm from each other, notes are made in the ground. These are the locations of the pillars. Then you can be guided by the following rule: the distance from the posts depends on the thickness of the lag or cut. How more beam, the greater the distance you can make.

To determine the exact distance between the posts, it is recommended to use the table.

After the installation sites are determined, you can proceed with the installation of the pillars. The most the best option there will be a fill under them individual foundations extending to a depth of 50 - 100 cm.

Their height should exceed the ground level by 5-10 cm, after which a layer of waterproofing is laid and the main element is mounted. The average width depends on the height of the structure and ranges from 40 to 50 cm.

To avoid leveling the floor and make your work easier, you need to take care of the correct horizontal line even at the stage of preparing the base for the posts and monitor its observance throughout the entire installation process.

Installation of logs (cuttings)

Under wooden logs water protection is put

Before making wooden floors in a private house, you need to lay on the pillars aligned at the same height wooden bar, on which the floorboards will be laid in the future. On the stone surface, you need to place a waterproofing; for this, the use of roofing material is allowed.

A bar is laid on top, which must be fixed on the base of the pillars. To do this, you can use metal plates or corners, which are attached with anchors, screws or nails. After the cuts are laid and secured, they need to be treated with an antiseptic.

If the horizontal has not been observed, the plane is leveled by placing wooden wedges under the timber.

Installation of floorboards

Depending on the method chosen, what will be the flooring in a private house, the procedure further work may differ significantly. The simplest is the installation of a single floor.

It will take much more time and consumables to make a double wooden floor with insulation placed inside.

Single

After the cuts are fixed, grooved boards with a thickness of 4 - 5 cm are laid on them. Fixation to the timber is carried out using self-tapping screws or nails. After completing the installation, it is allowed to lay the floor covering or paint the erected floor.

A predominantly single floor is mounted for a summer cottage summer house, which is used only in warm weather.

Double insulated

If the floor is to be installed for a house where you will be living permanently, it is recommended to use a double floor with an intermediate position of thermal insulation. This technology will require more time and money, but the result will not keep you waiting long. The floor will be much warmer, and living in the house will be more comfortable. For more information on installing a wooden floor, see this video:

The installation procedure is as follows:

When installing rough wooden floors in a private house, you need to leave a gap of 2 - 3 cm from the edge board to the wall. It is needed for the temperature shift of the wood and will help to avoid possible swelling of the surface.

Wood is considered a natural and environmentally friendly material that requires compulsory care. Despite the superficial complexity of flooring for a private house, even a person who does not have sufficient multifaceted experience in this area can do this work.

Highly an important milestone home furnishing is the selection of a suitable floor covering and its correct installation... One of the most preferred options is wood flooring. Wood is an environmentally friendly, "breathable" material with excellent performance and properties. With the proper knowledge, you can cope with the installation of such a coating with your own hands.

Choose the right wood for your flooring. At this point, you need to consider climatic conditions region, the level of planned loads on the surface, features of the operation of the premises and, of course, their financial capabilities.

In small living spaces, it is best to install softwood flooring. Such material is sold at a relatively affordable cost, while differing, at the same time, by a fairly high strength and durability.

From representatives of the middle and upper price range, give preference to oak. Also, aspen wood is used for arranging the floor. This material is particularly well suited for flooring in children's rooms as well as in bedrooms.

Only dry wood can be used for self-covering in residential premises. The problem with raw boards is that during the drying process they decrease in size, which is why ugly and absolutely unnecessary cracks appear in the coating.

When buying the material, make sure that there are no noticeable defects on it such as splits, third-party stains, cracks, etc. Do not buy such wood even at a good discount.

Perform a preliminary calculation to determine the required amount of material. To do this, you just need to know the area of ​​the premises. Buy the material itself with a 10-15 percent margin.

For flooring, it is recommended to use a board with a length of 200 cm. It is highly desirable that all the boards offered to you be included in one batch. So you can be sure that all the material you purchase was manufactured and processed under the same conditions. Therefore, texture, color and others external characteristics boards will be about the same.

Decking is best done using edged and tongue-and-groove boards. Such material does not require additional grinding, which will allow you to significantly save time on installation work.

Wood flooring can be done using several different materials, namely:

• solid wood boards;
• solid wood parquet boards;
• glued parquet boards. Has the same appearance and is practically not inferior in terms of performance to a parquet board from an array, but it is cheaper;
• parquet.

Preparing for flooring

The flooring is done in two layers. First, the base is laid, then the wood itself.

There are two main ways of installing the flooring: laying on the ground on logs and on floor beams. Consider the particular space and your personal preferences when choosing the appropriate method.

Before installation, carefully treat all wooden elements antifungal and fireproof impregnation.

The base of the floor being erected must be waterproofed. It is convenient to use penofol or polyethylene for moisture insulation. Penofol simultaneously provides high-quality hydro- and noise-insulating properties, therefore it is more preferable.

Base installation

The functions of the base for independent flooring can be performed by logs, plywood and concrete. Check out the specifics of the methods and choose the one that best suits your case.

Base on lags

Fastening the flooring to the logs is the most popular option for arranging the floor. This design allows you to easily and effectively hide the unevenness of the floor and lay various communications under the base without any problems.

The base is assembled from a beam of 10x5 cm. In low rooms it is better to refuse this method - the finished structure will take about 8-10 cm in height.

Before starting to mount the base, you should bring the logs into the room and let them lie down for a couple of days to wood material adapted to the conditions around him.

Select the step of securing the lag in accordance with the dimensions of the boards used. It is important that the boards do not bend in the future.

First step. Lay one log on opposite walls at the same level.

Second step. Pull tight parallel threads between the laid logs. The distance between the threads depends on the thickness of the floorboards. If your boards are more than 3 cm thick, pull the threads at a distance of about 80 cm, but if the flooring elements are thinner than 3 cm, then the threads must be pulled at a distance of no more than 60 cm.In the case of using boards more than 4 cm thick, you can increase the distance between the threads up to 100 cm.

Step three. Install the logs, focusing on the taut threads. Adjust the height of their mounting using wooden wedges. It is important that all logs are set strictly at the same level.

The lags must be fastened to the base. If in your house the base is made of wood, fix it with self-tapping screws or nails, if it is made of concrete, use dowels or anchors.

Fourth step. Fill the space between adjacent joists with thermal insulation material. You can lay polystyrene, mineral wool, expanded clay, etc.

In the process of flooring, the boards will need to be attached to each set lag... Previously, you need to prepare holes for self-tapping screws in the material. An electric drill with a drill of the appropriate diameter will help you with this.

An excellent base for future quality flooring can be made from plywood. Quality plywood hardly deforms during use of the floor. The material is characterized by high strength and reliability.

If necessary, the floor on the plywood sheets in question can be quickly and easily removed. When laying the base, you do not have to carry out any additional work- the flooring is mounted directly on plywood sheets.

First step. Place the plywood sheets on the base and, using ordinary chalk, draw a diagram of the future installation of the elements. Focusing on this markup, you will install the logs, and already lay the plywood sheets on them.

Second step. Install lags. Optimal step- 400 mm. Line up the logs using the same plywood shims. All elements must be installed strictly at the same level. Attach the aligned logs to the base. Select fasteners according to the base material.

Step three. Glue finished structure glue so that the floor does not crack in the future.

Fourth step. Cover the system with rolled glassine or other material with similar properties.

Fifth step. Lay the plywood. The edges of each sheet should lie on the logs. Place the plywood sheets themselves with a small gap, no more than 1-2 mm. To fasten the sheets, use self-tapping screws - about 8-9 fasteners per sheet. Grind the joints carefully.

If you wish, you can level the concrete base with a screed and lay the flooring directly on the floor, without installing an additional base.

In such a situation, it is important that the boards cannot come into direct contact with the concrete. Ground mastic or ordinary foamed polyethylene will perfectly cope with the functions of the intermediate layer. When using polyethylene, place the insulation sheets with an overlap of 10-15 cm.

First step. Proceed to fasten the boards from any wall. Leave a 15mm gap between the wall of the room and the boards in the starting row. After completing the installation of the flooring, you will cover it with a skirting board. Drive in screws or nails at a slight angle, trying to deepen the heads of the fasteners into the wood by about 2 mm.

1 - lag; 2 - bracket; 3 - wedges; 4 - doboinik

Second step. After installing the first floorboard, step back about 50 mm from the edge and drive the brackets into the bars with an insignificant gap, and then insert a thin strip into the gap that appears after that.

Step three. Drive a wooden wedge slightly larger than the gap left between the installed rail and the fastened brackets. Thanks to the wedge, the edges of the boards to be laid will be pressed as tightly as possible, which will prevent the appearance of gaps. The staples can be removed after fixing the boards with screws or nails.

a - construction bracket; b - wedge compression with a movable bracket; в - rack and pinion compression
1 - bracket; 2 - wedges; 3 - lag; 4 - spur; 5 - emphasis; 6 - movable bracket; 7 - clamping screw; 8 - stops; 9 - a gear wheel with a ratchet - a dog; 10 - handle; 11 - screw with stop

That is, you need to work according to this scheme: you laid a couple of boards, pressed them with a rail and a wedge, and fixed them with self-tapping screws. Lay the entire flooring using this pattern. Before attaching each next board, it must be additionally sealed with a mallet.

Fourth step. Sand the joints of the boards.

Fifth step. Hide gaps between walls and planks with skirting boards.

Sixth step. Lay a topcoat, for example parquet board or any other material of your choice. You can do without finishing flooring, but simply paint the boards, cover them with varnish or other composition.

Wood is a high-quality and durable material with excellent performance and properties. However, in order for the flooring to be able to fully manifest its properties, you, as a performer, are required to follow the instructions exactly and follow the recommendations received at every stage of the work. Follow this simple guide and everything will work out.

Happy work!

Video - Do-it-yourself wooden flooring

The construction of a private house is a rather lengthy process that requires a certain amount of time and effort. Many owners of suburban areas want to save money on construction by doing some of the work with their own hands. To figure out how to make wooden floors in a private house, you should take care of the preparation of materials, as well as the choice of the necessary tools.

Choice of floor design

Before starting work, you should choose the type of floor structure. Among the most common are the following varieties:

• single;
• double;
• concrete floor.

The choice of a specific structure is based on the characteristics of the building in which the floor will be laid. The main factor influencing such a decision is the nature of the operation of the house. When choosing a single design, it should be borne in mind that it is only suitable for summer houses or summer cottages. The device of such a floor in a house with year-round living is unacceptable.

In this case, the boardwalk is simply laid on the joists. The thermal insulation of such a floor is very low. For the construction of such bases, you do not need to prepare a lot of material. Work on the installation of a single floor is carried out quickly enough.

If it is decided to build a capital private house, in which you can live at any time, you should tackle the construction of a double floor. This design is more insulated than the single version. The main layers of such a floor are rough and top coat. Layers of hydro and thermal insulation are placed between them. Such a floor device is able to protect the entire structure of the house from destruction.

Often, the sub-layer of a double floor in country house executed from unedged boards. Fine finishing made of grooved boards. All stages of work can be carried out independently. Thermal insulation is usually made of expanded clay.

Another option for creating a floor in a private house is a concrete base. Such structures are carried out by pouring a concrete screed. If you follow all the requirements when creating such such a floor, it will turn out to be durable and durable. It can also be finished with any coating.

Laying wood floor

Wooden floor for covering in private houses is chosen quite often. This is due to its environmental friendliness. Many people want a quality wood finish. Such floors have a number of significant advantages.

With careful processing, wood flooring can serve for decades without changing its appearance and physical characteristics... In addition, wood floors have high thermal insulation properties. They create coziness in the house. In addition, installation wood flooring done by hand. For work you need to prepare standard set tools.

Before making a floor in a private house, you should take care of the choice of the type of wood. It should be selected in accordance with the type of structure. The floor is arranged in several layers. It must contain heat and waterproofing. The subfloor plays the role air gap... Due to it, wooden elements will not be exposed to moisture. They will not develop mold or mildew.

The floor covering is constantly subjected to mechanical stress during operation. That is why the wood that will be selected for the floor must have good technical characteristics. Dry the boards before covering. The moisture content of the wooden elements should not exceed 12%.

It is also worth visually inspecting the elements of the future floor. There should be no chips or cracks on them. Otherwise, it may affect the quality of the coating. Also, before laying, wooden elements are treated with antiseptics and fire retardants. This will extend the life of such products.

Installation of a wooden floor is carried out in the following sequence:

• First, you should determine the location of the supports. In place of the harvested fertile soil, gravel should be poured. Sand is poured on top. This is how the pillow is made. Each layer should be tamped down carefully. The ends of the support pillars are wrapped waterproofing material... Usually, roofing material is used for this purpose.
• After that, the beams should be laid. And they are attached to the supports using corners and self-tapping screws. The floors in a country house should be carefully insulated. Professional builders recommend laying plywood sheets before installing the insulation. Mineral wool is usually used as insulation material.
• When the insulation layer is installed, you can start making the rough flooring. Boards should be chosen so that they fit snugly together. Self-tapping screws are used to connect them to the beams. About 1.5 cm is left between the subfloor and the walls. Such gaps allow eliminating distortions of the structure during thermal expansion.
• A vapor barrier is laid on top of the subfloor. It is usually 200 microns thick. The joints of the canvas are glued with construction tape. The edges of the vapor barrier are placed on the walls to a height of 20 cm. After laying the film, you should start laying the topcoat.

For the final floor, use solid wood boards. Plywood sheets can also be used. They are much easier to fix. However, their appearance is poor. For this reason, it is best to choose tongue-and-groove boards. Plywood can be closed with different decorative trim... Plank floors are usually varnished. This allows you to protect the coating from various influences. Also, thanks to the use of varnish, you can emphasize the aesthetic properties of a wooden floor. You can build a warm floor with your own hands in the case of a concrete screed.

Concrete floor

Creation concrete base requires some preparation. First, the site on which it is planned to create the floor must be cleaned of debris. You also need to remove upper layer soil. The ground must be compacted. Gravel is poured on top. The concrete floor structure should be insulated. The gravel layer is covered with sand. Once it is tamped down, you can lay down the plastic wrap. It will become a reliable waterproofing.

Then the work is performed according to standard scheme... Reinforcement rods are placed on the waterproofing layer and concrete mortar is poured. Concrete screed in this case, it is performed similarly to the one that is equipped in the apartment. To make the floor even, you need to set up beacons. As soon as the concrete is dry, they should be removed. The solution is leveled using a rule. The work is carried out from the wall towards the doorway.

In the process of pouring concrete solution, it is better to do the work according to certain rules... For example, the mixture must be fresh. Also, in the process of its preparation, cement of a certain brand is used. It must be at least M300. In addition, water and sand screening are added to the solution. Plasticizers increase the strength of the concrete.

If the screed is made more than 5 cm, reinforcement should be installed. For this purpose, a ready-made mesh is usually purchased. She is laid on waterproofing film... When creating a floor heating system in a country house, the use of plasticizers and reinforcement is mandatory.

As soon as the concrete gains strength, you can pull out the beacons and fill the resulting voids. concrete mortar... It takes about a month for the concrete to fully harden. Underfloor heating in a private house will require laying heating elements either during the screed or after its construction.

Drying the floor is carried out according to certain rules. The base should be closed plastic wrap... The concrete must be wetted for three days. If there is a floor heating system in the screed, it is forbidden to turn it on until the solution has completely hardened. Otherwise, the floor will crack.

Fine finishing

Installing the topcoat is easy enough. Decorative elements mounted independently. Choice finishing depends on the tastes of the owner of the house. It is also worth considering the features of the operation of the floor.

There are several options. The most common of these is boardwalk. In this case, the finishing floor does not need to be additionally covered. When choosing this option, it turns out to be quite beautiful and practical cover... In addition, floorboards will last more than a dozen years if properly processed. They are usually impregnated with special compounds and varnished. This protects the floor from dirt and various chemicals.

The concrete floor in a country house is usually made taking into account the laying of the topcoat. Parquet is usually chosen for its finishing. However, such a floor will be quite expensive. It is characterized by high environmental friendliness and excellent thermal insulation. It is impractical to carry out a parquet floor in a country house, because it is not planned permanent residence... However, for a capital structure, such a coverage will be optimal.

Among other materials for the floor, it is worth highlighting carpet, laminate, tiles and linoleum. Laminate is laid in the living room and bedrooms. Linoleum is only suitable for flooring in the hallway and kitchen. The tiles are also used for flooring in the kitchen and hallway. Carpet should also be used for the bedroom.

The variety of modern colors and materials for floor decoration allows you to choose the most optimal coating option for yourself. Floors with different patterns look very nice. Looks impressive natural stone and wood.

conclusions

To figure out which types of flooring are more suitable for a private house, you should know the features of the operation of the building. For example, for a country house, you do not need to equip the floor in several layers. It also does not need to be insulated. Such buildings are used only in the warm season. Also, flooring in a private house is usually performed using wood. Such material has a low price, and is also easy and quick to assemble.

For capital buildings, it will be necessary to equip more complex structure... In this case, a wooden floor should have several layers, including waterproofing and thermal insulation. Before installing such a floor, you must carefully prepare. You will also have to pick up quality materials... Before deciding what type of flooring to make in a private house, you should familiarize yourself with the features of each type of floor.

The concrete base is carried out in stages. It is chosen only when it is necessary to create a reliable and durable floor.

Today, at the peak of popularity are natural materials... A special place is occupied by wood, which is an environmentally friendly building element and is perfect for arranging floors. Very often you can find a wooden floor in the country. Despite the fact that laying the floor - the most important moment in construction and repair, you can refuse the services of specialists and make the floor in a private house with your own hands. But for this you need to make every effort and attention. The floor must turn out to be reliable, strong and durable, so it is worth taking seriously the study of flooring technology.

Wooden floor cake on logs. Highlights: vapor and waterproofing, insulation and ventilation gap

Usually, it is to the floor that special requirements are put forward, since this part of the room in a private house is subjected to the greatest tests. Mechanical stress, chemical attack and a high degree of abrasion are the reasons that force compliance whole line rules:

1. A certain level of humidity. It should be about 12%. The durability of the wooden floor will depend on this indicator. Due to the observance of moisture standards, deformation of the wood can be avoided.
2. No external defects. Before buying material for a wooden floor, you should carefully inspect it. There should be no cracks, chips or other defects. Otherwise, sooner or later it will be necessary to repair or completely change the defective boards.
3. Mandatory wood treatment with antiseptics and fire retardants. This will extend the service life. wood materials and will increase their fire resistance.
4. High quality wood. You should not skimp on wooden floors in a private house and it is best to choose solid conifers, such as pine, fir, cedar, larch, etc., although ash and oak are considered the most durable.

If we talk about the most suitable time to install a wooden floor, then this is the end heating season... During this period, you can observe the optimal humidity of the air, and the likelihood of wood absorption a large number moisture is minimal. But if the wooden floor still has to be installed in the summer, then it is worth guessing the moment when it will be dry and sunny outside for at least two weeks.

Arrangement of a wooden floor

The following materials can be used to equip the floors in the house:

• Unedged board;
• Sheet device (plywood, chipboard, etc.);
• Glued board;
• Folded board.

The first two options are ideal for rough wood flooring. In this case, further finishing of the floor with a topcoat is provided. But the glue bar and the folded board can be used as fine construction... The finished floor is usually further varnished or painted. Ideally, the board will be solid across the entire width of the room.

Preparatory work before laying

Before carrying out the installation and choosing the method of installation, it is recommended to assess the condition of the soil. For example, in some areas, logs can be laid directly on the ground, but first waterproofing under them. It is this device that allows wooden floor serve for more than a dozen years. In some cases, it is better to additionally use rubble and sand, but sometimes even this is not enough. So, a video on the topic:

Since there are no specific instructions for matching the characteristics of the room and installation methods, it is best to use the best option suitable for all conditions, even places with high humidity.

And to this day, the most win-win option is a wooden floor in a private house on or. Such a floor can act as a rigid base or waterproofing. But the main point will still be soil planning. To be able to regulate the flow building materials, the soil is well compacted. And already on the compacted soil, you can fill up sand with a thickness of 20 mm or more. Waterproofing is laid on top of the sand, which can be cellophane or roofing material.

Diagram of the device of a wooden floor on the ground on logs (with heaving soil)

Methods for laying a wooden floor

The installation of a wooden floor can only be started after frame device from posts and beams will be finally ready. A layer of roofing material is laid on the posts, which serves as a good waterproofing. Beams are installed on the waterproofing layer, and logs are fixed to the beams for additional strength. It's good when the width of the room corresponds to the length of the logs, but if you have to connect the logs, it is better that the joints are right on the support posts, and they are fastened with self-tapping screws.

The very device of the wooden floor can be either single or double. Single floors are not very durable and are usually laid in summer country houses... Such a floor does not withstand weather fluctuations and is not intended for year-round use. To make you feel comfortable in winter, it is recommended to build double. It will take a long time and the right material... But the extra effort is worth it as it adds strength and reliability. For this, a list of works is performed in a certain sequence:

1. Install lags;
2. Lay moisture-resistant plywood between them, and lay insulation on top;
3. Lay the rough base of the floor on the logs.

Double Board Floor Pie

To create a subfloor, low-grade boards are suitable, the thickness of which is 15-50 mm. These boards, carefully processed, fit together. Then the finished boards are attached to the logs with self-tapping screws.

Boards are laid 15-20 mm from the wall. This promotes ventilation and prevents the floor from swelling during the seasonal deformation of the tree. Waterproofing is carried out using a polyethylene film with a thickness of 200 microns, and additional thermal insulation is made of foamed polyethylene. The film is overlapped, the edges are glued together with adhesive tape. On the walls, you need to make an overlap of 20 cm and stick it on tape. After that, the finishing floor and topcoat are laid.

For the flooring of the finished floor, either an array is used. Plywood is placed on top of the insulating layer and fixed with self-tapping screws.

It has an attractive appearance, it is easy to install, and besides, it is easy to operate. The advantage of solid wood flooring is that it is possible to apply varnish or paint to the floor and thus avoid additional costs. Decoration Materials... Solid board is produced in two versions: regular and grooved. The difference between them is in the installation method. The tongue-and-groove board is much easier to install. However, before installation, it must lie in the room for three days.

How to lay an array with your own hands?

The solid board is laid on plywood sheets. The base can be either a concrete floor or a wooden floor on logs

• You need to measure 15 mm from the walls to create a ventilation gap and in case of seasonal deformations.
• The finished floor boards must be laid so that they are located across the subfloor boards. The first row is placed with a spike against the wall and screwed on with self-tapping screws. It is necessary to tighten the screws so that they are covered with a plinth near the wall. On the second side, the screws are screwed into the groove at an angle of 45 °.
• Place in the gap between the board and the wall wood gasket... If the size of the room is greater than the length of the floorboards, then the boards are laid out "at random". This will make the floor more durable.
• The second and subsequent rows of boards are laid with a spike in the groove of the previous row, sealed with a mallet and attached to the screws on the other side into the groove. If you want your wood floor to be as good as possible long term, you need to lay the boards in such a way that the growth rings are located opposite to each other.

It is being laid "at random." A massive parquet board can also be used as a finishing floor. In fact, it is the same tongue and groove solid board, only shorter. Its installation is somewhat different:

1. Can be fixed on self-tapping screws only from the side of the thorn.
2. Installation is carried out only "razdrazhd".
3. If the base is made of plywood, then it is better to glue the parquet board first, and then additionally fix it with self-tapping screws.
4. If you lay the board diagonally, the room will visually look larger.

Wood is a natural, environmentally friendly material that requires constant care... To make wood floors in your home last as long as possible, take care of protecting the material in advance. Laying wooden floors is a painstaking, difficult job, however, following the instructions and advice of professionals, any beginner with his own hands can make a private house or summer cottage beautiful, warm and cozy. Leave your opinion about the article or share your experience in the comments!