The installation of wooden beams in the floors of houses is not uncommon. Their main purpose is to evenly distribute the load on the walls and foundation of the building. In order for the beam structure to perform its functions, it is necessary to choose the right material for it, to carry out calculations of the length and section.

All timber beams are divided among themselves according to the purpose and type of material from which they are made. By appointment, they can be: interfloor, attic, basement and basement. By type of material, beams can be made of solid wood or glued.

wooden floors in aerated concrete house

The spans must be strong and reliable. Sound and vapor barrier fillers are placed in the internal volume between the ceiling and the floor. The ceiling is sewn up necessary material, the floor is laid on top.

The attic floor can be installed as a roof element, being part of it truss structure... Can be installed as a separate independent element. In order to preserve heat, it must be equipped with steam and heat insulation.

The overlap of the basement and basement floor must be of great strength and withstand high loads. These spans are equipped with heat and vapor barrier to prevent cold penetration from the basement.

Beams differ in types, which have their own advantages and disadvantages.Solid wood is used to make solid beams. A significant disadvantage of solid wood beams is the length limitation, which cannot exceed 5 meters.

Glued timber beams combine high strength and aesthetics. Their use significantly increases the maximum length, which can be up to 20 meters. Considering that glued floors look beautiful, they are often not covered with a ceiling and they serve as a design element.

They have several more significant advantages, which include:

• the ability to cover large spans;
• ease of installation;
• small weight;
• long period of operation;
• high level of fire safety;
• do not give in to deformation.

Wooden parts of floor beams may have rectangular section, which is typical for a bar or board, or round, made of a log.

Requirements for timber floor beams

Installation of wooden beams entails a number of requirements that must be taken into account. They are as follows:

1. Beam products must be made from them conifers trees that have a high margin of safety. At the same time, the moisture content of the wood should be no more than 14 percent, otherwise the logs under load will have a large deflection.
2. It is forbidden to use wood that is susceptible to fungal diseases or damaged by insects for the manufacture of beams.
3. Before installation, the beam elements must be treated with an antiseptic.
4. To prevent the ceiling or floor from sagging even under load, a building lift must be performed. The ceiling of the lower floor will receive a slight rise in the center, which will become even under load.
5. If the beams are planned to be laid with a high frequency, then instead of them you can use boards that must be installed on the edges.

The procedure for calculating wooden beams

Before installing a wooden floor, it is necessary to carry out calculations in which to determine the number and dimensions of beams. This requires:

• determine the length of the span to which they will be installed;
• calculate the possible load that they will carry after installation;
• having the specified data, calculate the cross-section of the beams and the step with which they will be installed. For this, special tables and programs are used.

Beam length consists of the length of the span, which must be covered, and the stock of the beam, which will be built into the wall. The span can be recognized using any measuring device. The stock of beams that will be mounted in the wall depends on the material from which the wall is made.

Important!

If the building is built of bricks, then the margin for beams from a board should be at least 10 cm and at least 15 cm for beams made of timber. In wooden buildings, special grooves are made, with a depth of 7 cm and more, for laying beams. If the beams serve as the basis for the roof rafters, then they are made 4-6 cm longer than the span.

The most used span, which is covered with beams, is 2.5 to 4 meters. The maximum length of beams made of timber or boards cannot exceed 6 meters. If the span exceeds this dimension, then it is recommended to install glued laminated timber beams. In addition, a wooden truss can be installed to cover spans that are more than 6 meters.

Load carried by a wooden beam, consists of a mass of details of the span (beams, internal filling, ceiling and floor cladding) and a mass of temporary elements (furniture, Appliances people in the room).

Accurate calculations of the bearing capacity of beams are usually performed by specialized organizations. At self-fulfillment the following system is used for calculation:

• an attic floor with a filing, in which mineral wool is the insulation, carries a constant self-load of 50 kg per square meter... With such a load, according to SNiP standards, the standard load will be 70 kg per square meter with a safety factor of 1.3. It is not difficult to find out the total load: 1.3x70 + 50 = 130 kilograms per square meter;
• if a heavier material than cotton wool is used as a heater, or thick boards were used as a filing, then the standard load will be 150 kg per square meter. And the total load will have a different meaning: 150x1.3 + 50 = 245 kg per square meter;
• if the calculation is carried out for attic room, then the weight of the material from which the floor is laid and the items in the attic are taken into account. The load in this case will be 350 kg per square meter;
• in the case when the beams perform the function of interfloor spans, the design load is 400 kg per square meter.

Calculation of wooden floor beams

Determination of the section and pitch of wooden beams

Having calculated the load and the length of the beams, you can determine their step and section dimensions or diameter.

These indicators are interrelated and are calculated according to the established rules:

1. The width and height of the beams should be in a 1: 1 ratio, 4. In this case, the width of the beams should be in the range from 4 to 20 cm, and the height from 10 to 30 cm, taking into account the thickness insulation material... Floor logs should have a diameter in the range of 11 to 30 cm.
2. The installation step should be in the range from 30 to 120 cm, taking into account the insulation and hemming materials, which will be in the space between the girders. If the structure is frame, then the step must correspond to the distance between the frames.
3. Determination of the section of beams made of wood is carried out according to the developed tables or using certain programs. When calculating cross-sections, it must be borne in mind that the maximum bending attic beams should not exceed 1/200, and interfloor 1/350.

The use of wooden trusses, advantages and disadvantages

Floor trusses made of wood look like two parallel logs or bars located one above the other, which are interconnected by supports located at an angle or vertically in relation to these logs or bars. The main task that the trusses solve is the overlap of long spans, if the installation of additional support posts is not possible.

For the manufacture of trusses, the developed tables and programs are used, which take into account the type of connections, the installation step, the section of the structural parts and its overall dimensions. Often, trusses are made industrially using high-precision equipment. Along with this, you can make a farm with your own hands.

By comparing wooden beams and floor trusses, you can determine the advantages and disadvantages that trusses have. The benefits include:

• the ability to cover a significant span without additional support legs;
• insignificant mass, which entails a small load on the load-bearing elements of the building;
• high strength and resistance to deflection, which entails long-term operation hemming and floor materials;
• ease of installation on any supporting elements of the building, regardless of the material from which they are made;
• the ability to change the width of the step of laying the truss;
• the ability to install internal communication lines;
• excellent sound insulation;
• beautifully made trusses can not be sewn up and used as an element of decor.

In addition to the advantages, farms have some disadvantages, which include the following:

• at the expense of design features, the thickness of the interfloor floors increases significantly;
• significant labor costs when making a farm with your own hands, the need for special equipment;
• high price for the finished structure.

Design of wooden trusses

Wooden floor beams provide not only the strength of the horizontal structure. The slab is designed to stiffen the entire building. It is for this reason that the choice load-bearing elements and their installation should be given special attention.

Pros and cons of wood flooring

To install the floor with your own hands, you need to prepare. The floor of the house must be supported by a solid and rigid structure. Before starting work, you will have to study the requirements for the elements, the features of their calculation and the types of sections.

The following advantages of a wooden floor can be distinguished:

• attractive appearance, the ability to make a wooden floor without additional measures;
• light weight, reduced load on walls and foundations, savings in construction costs;
• the possibility of carrying out repairs during operation;
• speed of installation, performance of work without additional machines and mechanisms.

Wooden beams do not weigh down the structure and are quickly assembled

But it is also worth highlighting the disadvantages:

• flammability of wood, the need for special impregnation fire retardants;
• lower strength in comparison with reinforced concrete or metal elements;
• shrinkage and deformation during temperature and humidity changes;
• susceptibility to rotting, mildew and mold at high humidity, it is necessary to carry out treatment with antiseptics at the construction stage and periodically during the service life.

Wood floor requirements

Wooden floor beams must meet the following requirements:

• correspondence of the dimensions of the section to the load, span and step, for this you need to calculate the beams;
• good strength and rigidity;
• Fire safety;
• no serious wood defects and damage.

For work, you need to prepare quality material

There are also certain requirements for the material from which the beams are made. It is recommended to choose softwood. It contains a lot of resin, so it better resists various microorganisms. The best material those trees that have grown in harsh conditions are considered. Their trunk density is higher. For this reason, it is worth buying pine or spruce, which grew in the northern regions of the country.

You also need to pay attention to the procurement time. The period at the end of winter is considered the best. At this time, the tree is in a dormant state, there are less juices in it, therefore the moisture content of the material will be less.

What are wooden floors

Wooden floor beams are used for almost all levels of the house. The girder frame must be provided for the following types of construction:

• basement or basement ceiling (floor of the first floor);
• interfloor overlap;
• attic floor.

The thickness of the support bar for the attic is 10 to 20 cm

The rated payload depends on the type, which is taken into account in the calculation of wooden floor beams... Also, the difference will be in the thickness of the insulation and its need.

Between the beams above the basement, usually 5 to 15 cm of mineral wool, foam or extruded polystyrene foam are placed. In interfloor structures, it will be enough to provide a couple of centimeters for sound insulation. The cold attic requires the most material. Here, the thickness can be from 10 to 20 cm. The exact values ​​depend on the climatic region of the construction.

Between the beams of the basement floor is laid mineral wool

Sometimes they prefer to make the basement floor not of wood, but of metal and reinforced concrete. In this case, as load-bearing beams use an I-beam or channel, and concrete is poured into the formwork from a profiled sheet. This option will be more reliable when there is a likelihood of flooding. It will also better resist dampness from the basement.

What are the beams

There are several signs by which the classification of wooden floor beams is carried out: by size, material, type of section. The length of the floor beams depends on the distance between the walls. To this value, you need to add a margin for support on both sides. Optimally, you need to provide for 200-250 mm.

By material, the elements are divided into the following types:

• from a solid bar or board;
• made of laminated veneer lumber.

Curved beams are made of laminated veneer lumber

The latter are significantly more expensive. But then such material will fit for covering large spans. A regular beam can handle 4-6m, while a glued beam can handle distances of 6-9m well. Glued laminated timber practically does not shrink, is fireproof and resistant to moisture. It is possible to make not only linear elements, but also bent ones.... A significant drawback of such a material will be the presence of unnatural components (glue).

The cross-section of beams can be of the following types:

• square;
• rectangular;
• I-beam.

The latter has broadened elements at the top and bottom. In the middle of the section, it is reduced to the maximum possible sizes... This option allows you to rationally use wood and reduce its consumption. But making such an element is not easy. For this reason, I-beams are not often used in construction.

Most often used beams rectangular

The best option will become a rectangle. In this case, the long side is located vertically, and the short side is horizontal. This is because increasing height has a better effect on strength than width. Installing a beam from a board flat is almost useless.

The most disadvantageous of those presented can be considered a square section. It is least of all fitted to the diagram of the forces in the element.

You can also use logs for overlapping. But this option did not gain popularity. The section from the board is much more profitable and easier to install, therefore it is used much more often.

Calculations

The calculation of the section will allow you not to doubt the strength and rigidity of the structure. In this case, the maximum length that is allowed for any section is determined. To perform the calculation, you need the following data:

• the length of the wooden floor beams (more precisely, the distance between the load-bearing walls);
• the distance between the beams (their step);

For the calculation, you need to know the distance between the beams, the span width and the load on the structure

The load consists of two values: permanent and temporary. The permanent one includes the mass of the beams themselves (so far preliminary), insulation, ceiling filing, rough and clean floor. The live load is the mass of people and furniture. According to regulatory documents for residential premises, it is taken equal to 150 kg / m2. For the attic, you can take less, but it is recommended - the same. This will not only provide a certain margin of safety, but also make it possible in the future to re-equip your attic into an attic without reconstructing the load-bearing elements.

The beam frame should be calculated using the following formulas:

• Mmax = (q * l2) / 8;
• Wreq = Mmax / 130.

In these formulas, q is the load per square meter. m of overlap, which includes the mass of structures and 150 kg useful value... In this case, the indicated values ​​must be multiplied by the distance between the beams. This is due to the fact that computations require loading on running meter, and initially the value was calculated per square. l2 - the distance between the load-bearing walls on which the purlin rests, taken in a square.

Knowing Wreq, you can select the cross-section of the overlap. W = b * h2 / 6. Knowing W, one can easily form an equation with one unknown. Here it is enough just to set one geometrical characteristic b (section width) or h (its height).

Most often, a timber beam already has a known width. It is more convenient to make it from a board 50 or 100 mm wide. You can also consider the option with a composite section. It is made from several boards 50 mm thick.

In this case, the required element height is found by calculation. But there are times when you need to fit into a certain overlap pie so as not to reduce the height of the premises. In this case, the section height is added to the equation as a known value, and the width is found. But the lower the height, the more uneconomical the floor frame will be.

It is convenient to use metal studs to pull two or three boards together. In this case, when tightening the nuts, wider washers must be used. They prevent metal from being pressed into more soft wood... It is imperative to provide insulation between wood and steel fasteners. To do this, you can use such material as TECHNOELAST EPP brand.

Wooden bars before installation, it is necessary to waterproof

Before use wooden elements they are treated with an antiseptic composition. This is to prevent mold and decay. It is also recommended to apply a flame retardant treatment, which will increase fire safety... When the girders are supported on a brick or concrete wall, their ends are wrapped with technoelast, linocrome, waterproofing or roofing material.

Among the many structural elements of a private house, the overlap is one of the most critical and difficult for design and installation of units. It is here that inexperienced builders make, perhaps, the most dangerous mistakes, it is precisely on the arrangement of this system that the most questions are asked.

1. Why choose a tree

In any building, the floor is a horizontal structure, which acts as the basis for the creation of the floor. In addition, being tied to the load-bearing walls of the house, it provides the structure with lateral stability, evenly distributing possible loads. Therefore, the highest requirements are imposed on the reliability of this design.

Regardless of what material is used in the construction of a house, in the private sector the most widespread are just wooden floors. They can often be seen in various stone cottages, and it is quite obvious that in wooden construction(log, timber, frame and frame-panel technology) - there is no alternative to such a solution. There are many objective reasons for this. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of wood floors.

In private low-rise construction, floors are mounted in several versions:

• Finished reinforced concrete slab,
• Monolithic reinforced concrete slab,
• Prefabricated reinforced concrete beams,
• Rolled metal beams and trusses,
• Overlapping from sawn timber.

pros

Or why hardwood floors are so popular.

• Light weight. Using a board or timber, we do not overload load-bearing walls and foundation. The weight of the ceiling is several times less than that of concrete or metal structures... Usually, the involvement of technology is not required.
• Minimum terms of work execution. The minimum labor intensity among all options.
• Versatility. Suitable for any building, in any environment.
• Possibility of installation at subzero and very high temperatures.
• Lack of "wet" and dirty processes.
• Possibility of obtaining any level of heat-insulating and sound-insulating characteristics.
• Possibility of using cavities for laying engineering communications (power grid, heating, water supply, sewerage, low current ...).
• Relatively low price of prefabricated timber frame slabs, both in terms of the cost of parts / components, and in terms of remuneration of the contractor.

Minuses

The disadvantages of a wooden overlapping system made of wood are rather arbitrary.

• The complexity of the choice of the cross-section of materials and constructive solutions to ensure the design bearing capacity.
• The need to carry out additional fire-fighting measures, as well as to ensure protection from moisture and pests (antiseptic treatment).
• The need to purchase soundproofing materials.
• Strict adherence to technology to avoid construction mistakes.

2. What material to use for assembly

Wooden floor - always consists of beams. But they can be made from a wide variety of lumber:

• Round logs up to 30 cm in diameter.
• The bar is four-edged.
• Large section board (from 50 mm thick, up to 300 mm wide).
• Several boards of relatively small thickness, twisted in layers towards each other.
• I-beams, the upper and lower chord of which is made of edged planed board / bar, and the vertical wall is made of OSB-3, plywood or profiled metal (wood-metal product).
• Closed boxes made of sheet materials(plywood, OSB).
• SIP panel. In fact, these are separate sections in which the beams are already sheathed and have an insulator inside.
• Various truss designs allowing large spans to be covered.

The easiest for installation, as well as the cheapest and most convenient for performing subsequent operations, are considered options when the floor beams are made of edged sawn timber.

Due to the very high requirements for bearing capacity, durability and geometric deviations, it is necessary to consider first grade sawn timber as blanks. It is possible to use products belonging to the second grade in accordance with GOST, which do not have critical geometric deviations, defects and processing defects that can reduce the strength characteristics and service life of finished parts (through knots, curl, cross-layers, deep extended cracks ...).

In these structures, the use of dead wood (dead wood, dead wood, burnt wood) is excluded due to insufficient strength and multiple lesions by diseases and insects that destroy wood. It would also be a big mistake to buy a timber or board "with air", "with an Armenian size", "TU" - due to the underestimated sections.

It should be an exceptionally healthy material from green spruce or pine, since the needles, due to their resinous content and the structure of the massif, tolerate bending loads and compression much better than most hardwoods, and having a relatively low specific gravity.

Anyway edged lumber must be freed from the remnants of bark and bast fibers, treated with an antiseptic and fire retardant. Dry planed sawn timber will show itself best here, but the material natural moisture(up to 20 percent) during normal processing are also actively (and most importantly - effectively) used, especially since the price edged timber or boards of this type are noticeably lower.

3. How to choose the size of the beams and with what step to arrange them

The length of the beam is calculated in such a way that it overlaps the existing span and has a "margin" to support the load-bearing walls (see below for specific numbers of permissible spans and entry into the wall).

The section of the board / timber is determined depending on the design loads that will be exerted on the floor during the operation of the building. These loads are divided into:

• Permanent.
• Temporary.

Temporary loads in a residential building include the weight of people and animals that can move along the ceiling, objects being moved. Permanent loads include the mass of the lumber of the structure (beams, logs), floor filling (insulation / noise protection, insulating sheets), hemming (rolling), rough and final flooring, finishing flooring, partitions, as well as built-in communications, furniture, equipment and household items ...

Also, do not lose sight of the possibility of storing objects and materials, for example, when determining the bearing capacity of the floors of a non-residential cold attic, where unnecessary, rarely used things can be stored.

The sum of permanent and temporary loads is taken as a starting point, and a safety factor of 1.3 is usually applied to this. The exact figures (including the cross-section of lumber) should be determined by specialists in accordance with the provisions of SNiP 2.01.07-85 "Loads and Impacts", but practice shows that the values ​​of loads in private houses with wooden beams are approximately identical:

• For interfloor (including under a residential attic) and basement ceilings, the total load is about 350 - 400 kg / m2, where the proportion of the structure's own weight is about 100 kilograms.
• To cover an unloaded attic - about 130 - 150 kg / m2.
• For overlapping a loaded non-residential attic up to 250 kg / m2.

Obviously, unconditional security is paramount. A good margin is taken into account here and the option is considered not so much distributed loads on the entire floor (in such quantities they are practically unrealistic), but the possibility of a local load that can lead to deflections, which in turn caused:

• physiological discomfort of residents,
• destruction of units and materials,
• loss of aesthetic properties by the design.

By the way, certain deflection values ​​are allowed. regulatory documents... For residential premises, they can be no more than 1/350 of the span length (that is, 10 mm at 3 meters or 20 mm at six meters), but provided that the above listed limiting requirements are not violated.

When choosing a section of lumber to create a beam, they are usually guided by the ratio of the width and thickness of a bar or board in the range of 1 / 1.5 - 1/4. Specific figures will depend, first of all, on: loads and span lengths. For self-design, you can use the data obtained on the basis of calculations using online calculators or public tables.

Optimal average cross-section of timber floor beams, mm

Span 3 mSpan 3.5 mSpan 4 mSpan 4.5 mSpan 5 mSpan 5.5 mSpan 6 m

As you can see, to increase bearing capacity overlappings - it is enough to choose lumber with a greater width or greater thickness. Including, you can assemble a beam from two boards, but so that the resulting product has a cross section not less than the calculated one. It should also be noted that the load-bearing properties and stability of a wooden floor increase if logs or various types of subfloors are applied over the beams (sheet flooring made of plywood / OSB or edged board).

Another way to improve the strength properties of a wooden floor is to reduce the spacing of the beams. Engineers in their projects of private houses determine in different conditions the distance between the beams from 300 mm to one and a half meters. V frame construction the spacing of the beams is made dependent on the spacing of the racks so that there is a rack under the beam, and not just a horizontal strapping run. Practice shows that the most expedient from the point of view of the practicality and cost of the structure is a step of 600 or 1000 mm, since it is best suited for the subsequent installation of heaters and soundproofing of the rails ( insulating materials just have such a form factor of plates and rolls). This distance also creates optimal distance between the points of support for the installation of floor logs, installed perpendicular to the beams. The dependence of the section on the step is clearly visible from the numbers in the table.

Possible cross-section of floor beams when changing the pitch (total load per square meter is about 400 kg)

4. How to install and fix the beams correctly

We decided on a step - from 60 centimeters to a meter will be the golden mean. As for the spans, it is best to limit yourself to 6 meters, ideally four to five meters. Therefore, the designer always tries to "lay" the beams along the smaller side of the house / room. If the spans are too large (more than 6 meters), then they resort to installing load-bearing walls or supporting columns with crossbars inside the house. This approach allows you to use lumber with a smaller section and increase the spacing, thereby reducing the weight of the floor and its cost for the customer with the same (or better) bearing characteristics. Alternatively, trusses are created from lighter lumber using metal perforated fasteners, for example, nail plates.

In any case, the beams are set strictly horizontally, parallel to each other, with the same step. A wooden beam must be supported by at least 10 centimeters on load-bearing walls and girders. Typically 2/3 of the thickness is used. outer wall from the side of the room (so that the end of the beam does not go out into the street and remains protected from freezing). V wooden walls make a cut, in stone - leave openings during masonry. Where the beams touch load-bearing structures it is necessary to lay insulating materials: damping elastic gaskets made of rubber / felt, several layers of roofing material as waterproofing, etc. Sometimes they use firing of subsequently hidden sections of the beam or their coating with bituminous mastics / primers.

Recently, special perforated brackets "holders / supports of the beam" are used more and more actively to create the floor, which allow you to mount the beam end-to-end with the wall. With help of this type brackets are also assembled nodes with transverse beams and beams truncated in length (opening for flight of stairs, chimney passage, etc.). The advantages of this solution are obvious:

• The resulting T-joint is very reliable.
• The work is done quickly (there is no need to make cuts, it is much easier to set a single plane).
• Cold bridges are not formed along the body of the beams, because the end face moves away from the street.
• There is an opportunity to buy lumber of a shorter length, since there is no need to start the timber / board inside the wall.

In any case, it is very important to thoroughly antisept the end of the beam after adjusting the lumber to size.

5. What kind of insulating layers should be used inside wooden floors

To answer this question, the first step is to divide the overlapping structures (in a year-round inhabited house) into three separate types:

• Basement overlap,
• Interfloor,
• Attic.

In each case, the set of the cake will be different.

Interfloor ceilings in the overwhelming majority of cases separate rooms in which temperature regime similar or close in value (if there is room / floor / zone adjustment heating system). These also include the attic floor, which separates residential attic, since this room is heated, and the insulation is located inside roofing cake... For these reasons, thermal insulation is not needed here, but the issue of combating noise, air (voices, music ...) and percussion (steps, rearrangement of furniture ...) becomes very relevant. Acoustic fibrous materials based on mineral wool are placed in the ceiling cavity as sound insulation, and soundproof membrane sheets are also laid under the cladding.

The basement structure assumes that under the overlap there is a soil or basement, a cellar, ground floor... Even if an exploited room is equipped below, this type of overlap needs full-fledged insulation, inherent in the enclosing structures of a particular climatic zone and a specific building with its unique thermal balance. According to the norms, the average thickness for the Moscow region is modern insulation with good thermal conductivity values ​​will be about 150-200 mm.

Similar requirements for thermal insulation apply to attic floor, above which there is no heated attic, because it is he who will be the main barrier on the way of heat losses through the roof of the building. By the way, due to the greater flow of heat through the upper part of the house, the thickness of the insulation may be required here more than in other places, for example, 200 mm instead of 150 or 250 mm instead of 200.

They use polystyrene, EPS, mineral wool with a density of 35 kg / m3 in slabs or cut with mats from a roll (the one that is allowed for use in unloaded horizontal structures is suitable). Thermal insulation is laid between the beams, as a rule, in several layers, with the bandaging of the joints. The load from the insulation is transferred to the beam through a rough hem (it is often attached to the beams by means of cranial bars).

Where a watt-type insulation / sound insulator works in structures, it should be protected from moisture. V basement floor moisture can rise in the form of vapors from the ground or from the basement / cellar. V floor slabs and attic can get water vapor, which always saturates the air of living quarters in the process of human everyday activities. In both cases, underneath the insulation, you need to cover the building vapor barrier film, which can be ordinary or reinforced polyethylene. But, if thermal insulation is performed using extruded polystyrene foam, which does not have any significant level of water absorption, then a vapor barrier will not be needed.

Top insulation and fibrous sound insulating materials protect with waterproof sheets, which can be membranes or non-perforated waterproofing.

A reliable hydro-barrier is especially useful in rooms with high humidity: kitchen, laundry, bathroom ... In such places, it is spread over the beams, always with an overlap of strips of 100-150 mm and gluing the seam. The canvases around the entire perimeter of the premises must be installed on the wall - at a height of at least 50 mm above the topcoat.

Overlap, which will be lined in the future tiles, it makes sense to supplement with a rough flooring made of waterproof sheet materials - different types cement-containing slabs, preferably grooved. On such a continuous flooring, additional coating waterproofing, perform a thin-layer leveling of the plane with a leveling compound or immediately lay the tiles.

You can choose another option - to assemble a solid flooring from an edged board, lay a hydro-barrier, fill in a thin-layer screed (up to 30 mm), and mount a lath.

There are also modern adhesives(and elastic grouting) allowing tiling wooden bases, including movable and heated ones. Therefore, tiled floors are often implemented here on moisture-resistant plywood or OSB.

Important! Taking into account the increasing loads (general or local - a large bath, a jacuzzi bowl, a floor-standing boiler ...), the calculation of the cross-section and spacing of the beams under such rooms must be performed individually.

Optionally, floors in the bathroom or in the kitchen wooden house can be completed with heating cable or pipes of the water circuit of the heating system. They are mounted both in screeds and a layer of tile glue, and between the lags in a deliberately created air gap... With any option chosen, the ceiling should be well insulated so as not to heat the ceiling of the room from below, preferably equipped with waterproofing with a reflective foil layer.

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The 2018 online education project was a huge success. New season starts with courses in architecture and lighting design In the "academic year" 2018-2019, 16 webinars were held, at which the founders of architectural bureaus, leading Russian designers, chief editors of authoritative media devoted to architecture spoke. MosBuild brand ambassadors Diana Balasho were also speakers ...

The new terminal for domestic airlines of Khabarovsk International Airport will start operating in October

During his working trip to Khabarovsk, Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation - Plenipotentiary of the President of the Russian Federation in the Far Eastern Federal District Yuri Trutnev examined the new terminal of domestic airlines of the international airport of Khabarovsk named after G.I. Nevelskoy, built with the participation of the Far East Development Fund, and inspected preparations for the transfer of passenger services to the new terminal. Vice-pr ...

The Ministry of Construction revised the standard for the area of ​​land plots for the construction and reconstruction of schools

The set of rules “Urban planning. Planning and Development of Urban and Rural Settlements ”changes were made. The corresponding order was signed by the Minister of Construction, Housing and Utilities Russian Federation Vladimir Yakushev. Changes No. 1 in SP 42.13330.2016 SNiP 2.07.01-89 * Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements "introduced as part of the implementation of national projects ...