Heating of utility rooms for many is a very urgent problem. It is not always possible to connect a garage or shed to a stationary system, but to use electrical devices for heating such premises is not very justified from the financial point of view. The most practical solution in this situation, there will be an installation of an autonomous boiler. Making a boiler for testing with your own hands is not difficult if you have the skills to work with a welding machine.

The boiler consists of two metal containers connected by a pipe. A chimney is installed in the upper part, the length of which must be at least one meter. The lower tank is designed for pouring mining, there upper layer oil heats up and turns into oil vapor. As the steam rises, it enters the perforated pipe, mixes with the air, reaches the upper container and burns out. Combustion products leave through the chimney; thus, the boiler heats up the room, but does not emit toxic waste.

A boiler without a water circuit can freely heat a garage with an area of ​​about 40 sq. m. As for products with a water circuit, they allow you to maintain a comfortable temperature in fairly large rooms, even in very coldy... Moreover, the fuel consumption is from 0.5 to 1 liter per hour, which makes it possible to significantly save on energy resources.

The boiler for testing can be made single-circuit or two-circuit, depending on the needs of the owner. If you use the coolant only for heating, you need a single-circuit boiler. The second option allows you to heat the room and receive hot water for domestic purposes, for this there is a built-in heat exchanger in the upper tank.

Video - A variant of the furnace for working out before connecting the water jacket

The principle of operation of such a boiler is also quite simple: from the supply tank, the pump feeds the mining into the evaporation chamber, where it heats up and turns into steam. The steam rises into the combustion chamber, mixes with the air and heats the water in the circuit. Hot water enters the pipes and radiators, heats the room and returns back to the boiler.

Tools and materials

To make a boiler yourself, you will need:

• sheet steel with a thickness of 4 mm;
• metal pipe for the air duct;
• 4section of reinforcement with a section of 8 or 10 mm;
• compressor;
• pump;
• welding equipment;
• expansion tank;
• Bulgarian;
• asbestos cloth;
• half-inch corners, bends and tees for the burner;
• steel adapters;
• heat-resistant sealant.

The boiler can be of any shape, therefore. If not sheet material the desired thickness, you can take a thick-walled pipe large diameter or balloon suitable size... The simplest working furnace is made of a pipe with a diameter of 50 cm, a pipe with a diameter of 20 cm, two round steel plates with a thickness of 3 mm or more. Despite the simplicity of the design, such a stove does an excellent job of heating a standard garage.

Manufacturing of a boiler for mining

Furnace body assembly

So, work begins with the preparation of materials:

• a pipe of large diameter is cut with a grinder so that a cylinder about a meter high is obtained;
• a cylinder with a height of 20 cm is cut from a pipe of a smaller diameter;
• a hole with a diameter of 20 cm is made in one of the plates, the hole in the other plate must correspond to the diameter of the chimney;
• a large cylinder is closed on both sides with plates, scalding them in a circle;
• there should be a plate with a large hole below;
• weld a small cylinder along the edges of the hole and close its bottom with another plate;
• legs from the reinforcement are attached to the bottom of the body;
• drilled ventilation holes in the pipe.

You should get a cylindrical boiler body with a small reservoir at the bottom. In the lower part of the body, a door is cut out with a grinder, and a chimney pipe is installed on top. To light the boiler, open the door, pour used oil into the tank and bring the burning paper. But this is the most primitive version of the furnace, more often there are products of a slightly more complex configuration.

A standard working furnace looks like two metal boxes, located one above the other and connected by a perforated pipe. In the lower case, a hole for oil filling is cut on one side, and a horizontal metal flap is installed on the other. A chimney pipe is mounted in the upper part of the second body. Both furnace options can be easily improved: connect a supply tank with fuel and a pump for supplying oil, an air compressor, and install a water circuit.

Burner installation

A reliable burner must be installed in a boiler with a water circuit, which will ensure uniform heating of the coolant. Its design consists of several elements, which you can assemble yourself. The shape of the burner can be chosen arbitrarily, the main condition is that the mixing zone must be located above the combustion zone so that the oil can drain freely into the tank.

The burner cover is made to fit the socket in the boiler using sheet steel with a thickness of 3 mm or more. The burner body is welded from half-inch corners, connecting them with special elbows and tees. Additionally, you will need 1/2 '' 2 '' nipple adapters to connect the waste oil supply. The thread is pre-coated with a heat-resistant sealant and only then tightened.

The assembled burner must be installed correctly. To do this, take 2 steel plates of a larger and smaller size, asbestos cloth, bolts and nuts. Inner surface the adapter, as well as the half-inch tubes, are covered with asbestos. Asbestos can be fixed on pipes with steel wire, and in the adapter it is fixed with silicate sealant and laid in two layers. Then the burner is inserted into the boiler and fitted to the fitting socket.

A steel plate of a smaller size is inserted into the socket of the housing, and from above it is covered with 4-5 layers of asbestos. Mounting holes are drilled in the other plate, laid on the asbestos and both plates are twisted with bolts. The connection must be as tight as possible, otherwise, during operation, the burner elements may deform and move to the side. The boiler is ignited with a glow plug, which is used in diesel engines.

Installation of the body and chimney

The assembled boiler with burner must be installed correctly. Since the housing gets too hot, there should be no flammable surfaces nearby. The site for the boiler is chosen in a free corner of the room, away from work tables and shelves. On the floor is best done concrete screed or tile it. This oven should not be placed on boards, laminate flooring, plywood or other similar coatings. The adjacent walls must also be non-combustible.

In order not to accidentally burn yourself on the hot metal, after installing the boiler, you can put a frame welded from the corner around it. On the one hand, an opening is left in the frame through which it is convenient to add fuel. A prerequisite for the operation of this heating equipment good air exchange in the room. Constant inflow fresh air ensures uninterrupted operation of an open burner and prevents carbon monoxide from accumulating in the room.

After the boiler body is securely installed, proceed with the installation of the chimney. The recommended chimney length is 4 m, while it is desirable that there are no horizontal sections. The smoother and higher the chimney, the better the waste oil combustion products come out. At the point where the pipe exits through the ceiling, a special heat-resistant casing is attached. Most often, several layers of asbestos cloth are used for these purposes. The chimney is equipped with a metal flap, which provides draft regulation.

Water circuit connection

First, a pipeline is installed in the room and batteries are installed. For the pipeline, a steel pipe with a diameter of 43 mm is used; pipes are connected to heating radiators and fixed along the walls along the perimeter. Now you need a small thick-walled container for water. The container is installed on the boiler, securely bolted or welded to the body. A hole is cut out in the upper part of the container and a pipe is welded for supply hot water into the system. In the lower part of the circuit there is another pipe through which the cooled water returns to the boiler.

You can mount the boiler a little differently. The boiler body is made from a section of a large pipe with thick walls. An expansion tank is placed inside and securely reinforced. Next, take a steel pipe with a diameter of 10 cm and a wall thickness of 4 mm and drill holes in its lower part for air. A hole is cut out in the tank for the pipe, insert it and fix it so that the perforated section comes out of the boiler body and joins the tank for mining. The bottom of the tank is hermetically welded.

A flap is cut out in the lower part of the body, the oil supply from the supply container is connected using a hose. On the side, a tie-in is made for the compressor, the fuel supply pump is connected and circulation pump... Finally, a pipe is welded connecting the expansion tank and heating pipes.

In matters of heating, people are more often guided by the problem of efficiency. That's why heating boilers gained their popularity during the working off.

The term "working off" is already understood used oil that has been in primary use. Liquid can be synthetic or natural.

Heating oil will do both obtained from culinary devices and from under diesel locomotives or cars... Regardless of the origin, during the combustion process, the liquid will release the right amount thermal energy. Therefore, it is very beneficial to have such a device if there is direct access to fuel.

Advantages of heating boilers for mining

Waste oil boilers have many advantages.

Profitability

The boiler operates on already primary waste oil. A properly configured device burns it completely.

More often, such devices are purchased by people who have access to unlimited amounts of fuel.

For example, employees of a depot or machine-building factories. But even if the waste liquid has to be bought, then you will still be in the black.

The cost of oil is minimal, and it is consumed economically. The oil burns out completely, which means that every penny spent on it will be used up.

Autonomy

Such a boiler works autonomously, without connection to a stationary room heating system... The buyer independently, regardless of the centralized heat supply, decides where the device will be installed. This is true in private homes where heating system extremely necessary in the cold season.

Simplicity of the device

The apparatus is so easy to assemble and operate that some craftsmen are trying to assemble it on their own. The principle of operation of a home-made and purchased unit is similar, and the resources spent on manufacturing or purchasing are almost the same.

Affordability

It is no coincidence that such heating devices are very popular. Despite the fact that there are few manufacturers of such devices on the market, they do not overestimate the cost, since they perfectly understand that such a device can be assembled at home. Combined with low fuel prices, the consumer can recoup his purchase already in the first heating season.

Photo 1. Two boilers (yellow and red) running on waste oil. Manufacturer Thermobile.

Wide range of applications

Waste oil boilers are used not only for heating living quarters. You can often find them in offices, institutions, and even industrial and warehouse areas. It was these factors that influenced the fact that such devices received wide range application.

Environmental friendliness

The fuel burns out completely. Wherein no toxic waste is released into the surrounding atmosphere, harmful substances. The operation of the device is absolutely harmless to people and environment... Many of the manufacturers' models have been awarded the Eco-Friendly Label from various environmental organizations.

Efficiency of use

The device quickly heats up the air and the surrounding area, maintains the set temperature. The warmth is felt almost immediately after turning on the device.

It not only stays in the room and does not disappear over time, but also spreads to other rooms.

Cons of using waste oil boilers

There are also disadvantages of heating boilers during mining.

Frequent maintenance

Along with the pros, there are also disadvantages that every prospective buyer should be aware of. The first is frequent maintenance.

Such devices need proper care. Some models involve cleaning the combustion chamber of a hot water boiler a couple of times a month.

It is necessary to clean it of spent fuel residues as the filter becomes dirty, which must be checked at least once a month.

Basically device equipped with reusable filters but the owners should not forget that they can easily break down. The instructions for each boiler contain information on the need to go through Maintenance... If the equipment is operated in accordance with the instructions, then maintenance can be performed no more often than indicated in the instructions.

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Mandatory ventilation

Despite the fact that the spent fuel does not emit harmful substances and combustion products into the atmosphere, the vapors are quite strong, and in the absence of ventilation, they will settle on the ceiling and on the walls. It will hurt outward appearance your premises, spoil the materials, and also create an unacceptable climate for the operation of such a device. Therefore, make sure that the unit is located in a location with well-functioning ventilation.

Fuel storage

The spent fuel does not need additional filtration before use, but need to be done necessary actions for its proper storage.

It should not be exposed to high temperatures or direct sun rays... Best to store in special containers designed for oily liquids.

Photo 2. Storage of waste oil in special cans. The walls of the products must be thick.

Their volume will depend on the power and the amount of fuel consumption by the device. Each boiler owner must have at least two containers... One small, consumable, and the second for collecting and storing waste oil.

Attention! Do not stock up for future use big amount fuel. At first, it burns rather slowly, so most of the oil will remain for the next season. Secondly, the presence of flammable liquids in living quarters is unsafe for others.

Noise during operation

Unfortunately, the waste oil boiler produces certain noises. This is due to the fan and exhaust system... Therefore, it is advisable to install such equipment away from living rooms and rest rooms. The noise is quite loud and can interfere with healthy sleep.

Views

Working boilers are subdivided into pyrolysis and turbine heaters.

Pyrolysis

This equipment made of sheet steel using steel pipes .

After manufacturing, the device is coated with heat-resistant paint. All elements form a one-piece structure, where only the cover from the combustion chamber is disconnected.

The design of the device is simple. It includes:

• Control block;
• built-in fan;
• external oil pump;
• combustion chamber with a water jacket.

In the device no burner.

Operating principle such devices are simple:

1. Into the consumable container spent fuel is poured through the hose, it is fed into a special chamber.
2. Thick steel evaporation chamber heats up to a certain temperature.
3. As it warms up oil starts to evaporate at the bottom... The generated steam rises into the combustion chamber.
4. In its center there is a perforated pipe that supplies air from the fan.
5. Oil heated vapors mix with oxygen and burn.
6. As a result of this process the water jacket heats up from the inside.
7. The vapors are directed to a gas-tube heat exchanger.
8. Passing through the water jacket vapors cool down a little and are fed into the room.
9. Energy is transferred to the coolant. The combustion products themselves rise through the ventilation and leave the room.

Important! The main difference from other waste oil boilers is the absence of burners, which increases the reliability of use, and also affects the ease of operation. The design is very compact and easy to install.

Turbo burners

The principle of operation is similar to that of diesel devices. It consists in the fact that the fuel is sprayed and the oil mist burns directly.

Photo 3. Diagram of the device of the turbo heating pad working on the mining. The arrows indicate the constituent parts of the structure.

TO distinctive features such a device include sensitivity to fuel quality. If it contains various impurities or water, then the burner will not start. Need a good electric power.

This device acts according to the following scenario:

1. Butter poured into a special compartment.
2. Under the influence of the flow of air masses, it falls into an area of ​​direct ignition. The set temperature is already present there.
3. A pyrolysis effect occurs.
4. Gaseous volatile products are evolved that mix with oxygen and exit the hole. They also burn there.
5. At the same time, resinous products begin to accumulate in the compartment.
6. After the burner switches off, the temperature that reaches its maximum is maintained.
7. The air supply does not stop either.
8. Non-volatile pyrolysis products are retained. The burner cleans itself.

All device consists of hard metal alloys... Topcoated with heat-resistant paint.

Terms of use

In order for the boiler to serve for a long time without service, it is necessary to pay attention to the rules of use.

Fuel

Waste oil for boiler operation can be used for almost any purpose. The main thing is that it meets a number of requirements that are made by device manufacturers.

Photo 4. Draining the used oil into special container... The liquid itself is dark brown in color.

If you have additional filtration systems, feel free to use them. The cleaner the used oil is, the more efficient the combustion process will be. This also affects the fact that you will carry out less maintenance work during operation.

If the analysis reveals that the fuel contains a large number of water and antifreeze, then it is necessary to filter the fuel completely... There are specific guidelines on how to remove such impurities.

Manufacturers most often advise for use hydraulic, engine, transmission oils, and oil from an automatic transmission. But it is not recommended to use fuel oil in the device.

The fuel for the boiler is calculated in accordance with the heat loss for each specific room. It is necessary to take into account the data on the insulation of the place, its glazing, the operating mode of the boiler, as well as the necessary set temperature... Depending on the manufacturer, the calculation will be carried out according to individual formulas. It is better to contact the manufacturer directly to identify this issue.

The most commonly used is the following formula:

B = d * (h1-h2) + d * (h1 + h2) / qn

Where: h1- coefficient useful action,

h2- fuel enthalpy,

d- heat of combustion of fuel,

qn- temperature and specific heat oils.

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How to properly and safely fill the boiler with fuel?

Before starting work, you need to carry out a number of actions that ensure the safety of using the device:

1. Open container with liquid... This is necessary in order for it to have time to interact with oxygen.
2. After that disconnect the device from the mains and power supply, check the degree of sealing of the seams.
3. Fill the collection drawer with oil. Need to pour 10mm layer. The oil must be clean.
4. Add 100 ml of kerosene to this liquid.
5. Take the wick and moisten it in the ignition.
6. Lower to the bottom of the container.
7. Set fire to the working off.
8. Watch how the seams and oil behave. All actions must be carried out with gloves.
9. Close the cover.
10. After that, the device will start working. and you can check how efficiently it works.

Photo 5. Refueling a homemade boiler with used oil. Fuel is poured into the bottom of the unit.

Do not get oil on foreign areas and parts of the device. When working, all additional oxygen supply sources such as doors or windows.

How to maintain the oven?

The waste oil boiler control system ensures simple and fairly trouble-free maintenance of the device. The buyer is required to perform three actions during the season of operation:

• Cleaning the heat exchanger

To carry out a similar procedure, it is necessary to find access to the boiler. It is, in most cases, provided by a removable rear panel. Having got rid of it, you can remove soot and combustion products on your own, without the involvement of specialists. Use a dry cleaning technique to get started, and then wipe with a damp cloth.

• Replacing injectors

If your device has been operating for a long time, then the need to replace the nozzles may appear already in season 1. Fuel is supplied directly to the burner, the combustion process takes place under pressure. The nozzles are burnt out and need to be replaced. Remove the nozzles and find the correct size. Install in accordance with the instructions.

• Cleaning the fuel filter

Oil, mainly machine oil, contains great amount small fractions of metal and other substances.

All of them settle on the filter, clog it, because of this, the device stops functioning properly. Filters are changed at least once a season.

This procedure will protect the injectors from contamination and, accordingly, burning out. All other systems and devices are functioning without the need for various hygiene procedures. 1

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Heating of utility rooms, workshops, garages, greenhouses and private houses can be carried out using waste oil boilers. This technique is at the same time versatile, safe to operate and reduces utility costs. Working boilers with a water circuit can be made by hand, which allows you to save on the purchase of expensive factory equipment.

Principle of operation

The principle of operation of boilers using recycled oil as fuel will be the same. It consists in forced evaporation of oil and subsequent combustion of the resulting vapor. A well-made heater accumulates heat inside the water jacket, simultaneously quickly removing all combustion products into chimney... The complete oxidation of the additives and heavy metals contained in the waste oil occurs at high temperatures, which guarantees the highest possible boiler efficiency.

The temperature regime of the boiler is one of the critical characteristics, on which the efficiency of the heating installation and its safety directly depend. At temperatures of about 600 degrees, complete combustion of the fuel is ensured, which increases the efficiency of the installation, preventing the release of toxic elements. Even a deviation of 150-200 degrees can lead to a significant deterioration in the efficiency of the heater.

Waste oil double-turn boiler.

Self-made heating units are distinguished by their simple design, while they allow high-quality heating of the room, guaranteeing fuel economy and complete safety of the device. The boiler drum consists of two metal containers connected by a perforated pipe. The upper tank has a flue duct with a length of at least 1 meter.

The external tank is used as a waste oil evaporation chamber. The surface layer of the fuel heats up, saturated steam appears, which is directed through the pipe to the upper container, where it burns, heating the coolant, after which the smoke is discharged through the pipe into the chimney.

Benefits and scope of use

Waste oil boiler with a water circuit appeared in the middle of the last century and became popular in the market. It is customary to refer to the advantages of this type of heating equipment as follows:

• Excellent efficiency.
• Complete autonomy.
• Work on an inexpensive type of fuel.
• Machine safety.
• High power.
• The possibility of automating the operation of the boiler.

If earlier heating plants were made exclusively mechanical, and their operating time depended on the size of the firebox, today you can find ready-made modifications of boilers for development on sale, which are equipped with control automation and have an additional tank for supplying oil.

Excellent performance characteristics, efficiency and reliability have invariably affected functionality heaters. Working boilers are used to heat the following rooms:

• Warehouses and garages.
• Agricultural greenhouses.
• Service station and auto repair shops.
• Industrial premises.
• Ancillary buildings.
• Summer cottages and country houses.

Heat generators are not demanding on the quality of fuel, which allows the use of any oil in its structure and type, including depreciation, this reduces the cost of heating the premises. You can choose an inexpensive biodiesel, which increases the efficiency of heating plants, while at an affordable cost and is environmentally friendly.

Design features

The basis of the mining boiler is the evaporator, which allows obtaining saturated steam, which is subsequently burned in the upper chamber of the apparatus. Fuel combustion can be carried out in a heat generator in two ways:

• The oil is poured onto the hot surface and steam is generated.
• The liquid fuel is ignited, which leads to the appearance of saturated steam, which burns out in the upper chamber.

Homemade installations use an evaporator from a heated metal bowl. Waste oil drips onto the hot surface, which immediately turns into steam. In contact with a hot metal, the fuel quickly evaporates, diffusion occurs with air entering the tank through a perforated pipe. The steam flares up and burns, which leads to active heat generation.

A fixed impeller is located at the mouth of the chimney, which prevents the rapid removal of hot gases, increasing the efficiency of the thermal installation. Due to the use of a damper, swirls of hot air arise in the combustion chamber, the heat exchanger and the medium circulating inside it quickly warm up, allowing the maximum possible performance indicators of the heat generator to be achieved.

Boiler on working off "Stove business"

Homemade boilers, despite their compact dimensions, differ high efficiency, solving problems with heat in the room at 30-40 square meters... The presence of a hot water circuit makes it possible to use such installations for heating private houses with an area of ​​80-100 square meters.

Mechanical installations that have the correct oil supply to the evaporator will provide excellent fuel efficiency. The consumption consumption at full power of the device will be no more than 1 liter per hour of operation of the device. Some modifications of boilers have the ability to adjust the power and fuel consumption, which is achieved by reducing or increasing the intensity of oil supply to the evaporator.

Factory settings of waste oil boilers can have one or two circuits, which makes it possible to use the device for heating and hot water supply. Such heat generators will excellent option for a summer residence and a small private house, eliminating the need for homeowners to buy an expensive gas or electric boiler. The double-circuit boiler for development will be distinguished by fuel efficiency, reliability and ease of operation.

Homemade boiler making

Before proceeding directly to the manufacture of the boiler for mining, it is necessary to select a scheme for the implementation of the equipment. Today, the most widespread are three main designs of oil-fired heat generators:

• Burner Babington.
• Boiler with a preheated bowl and drip fuel supply.
• Surface combustion installations with pyrolysis afterburning.

The easiest way to make a boiler is to develop a surface type of combustion, where pyrolysis afterburning is used in a secondary chamber and a perforated pipe. Such a heat generator will be an excellent option for heating a garage, utility room or greenhouse.

This is a versatile boiler that combines reliability and excellent efficiency indicators. A feature of this design is the presence of a ball-shaped evaporator onto which oil drips. A small hole is made in the sphere, into which air is pumped through the pump, which leads to the formation of saturated steam.

Required tools

Installations with an evaporator bowl, which have a drip method of fuel supply and forced air injection, are distinguished by high efficiency rates, while their manufacture is not particularly difficult. A water circuit can be placed in the combustion chamber, which makes it possible to use such heat generators for heating rooms with an area of ​​up to 100 square meters.

Required tools and materials:

• Sheet metal at least 5 millimeters thick or billets from gas cylinders.
• Metal corner measuring 20 by 40 millimeters.
• Welding machine.
• Grinder with a cutting wheel for metal.

The use of a workpiece from a gas cylinder as a basis makes it possible to significantly simplify the manufacture of a heat unit. The container must be properly prepared, for which the spherical parts are cut from the top and bottom and the edges are cleaned with a grinder to remove all existing burrs.

You can make a supercharger snail with your own hands or use a cabin heater from a Zhiguli. In the latter case, the manufacture of the unit is somewhat simplified, and you can pick up the necessary components in auto disassembly or in auto parts stores.

Step-by-step algorithm for manufacturing a boiler for mining.

The boiler for working off with your own hands is ready. It is necessary to carry out a test run of the heat generator, if necessary, adjust the intensity of air and fuel supply to the evaporator. Subsequently any service homemade boilers will not require, and such equipment, subject to the use of high-quality sheet steel and thick-walled cylinders, will serve for many years.

Homemade waste oil boiler is versatile in use heating equipment, which will allow high-quality heating of utility rooms, garages, workshops and private houses. The presence of an additional water circuit makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the heater, and due to its simple design, it will not be difficult to make the device yourself. Do-it-yourself boiler drawings for testing can significantly simplify the manufacture of equipment. It is possible to make the device with a double circuit, which allows you to solve problems with hot water and heat in the room.

Used engine oil is rarely scrapped - it is used as a heating oil, receiving a large amount of heat to heat the premises. With access to this cheap type of fuel, nothing prevents them from heating their home. Shop boilers are expensive, so in this review you will learn how to make a waste oil boiler with a water circuit with your own hands. The procedure is complex, and assembly will require metalworking skills and tools.

Advantages and disadvantages of homemade products

More or less decent boilers for mining, created by eminent manufacturers, are quite expensive - from 30-40 thousand rubles, not counting the fuel tank (it is purchased separately). There are many models on the market that differ in thermal power and functionality. If there is no money to buy a factory oil boiler for a private house, people prefer homemade products.

Let's see why a self-made boiler with a water circuit is so good:

• Cheapness - if you have it at hand necessary materials, it only remains to spend money on electrodes for welding machine and waste oil.
• Stable operation - if the boiler is made according to the drawings, the combustion will be even and stable, as it is implemented in the factory samples.
• The possibility of making changes to the design - you are not afraid of the loss of the guarantee, since it is not here.
• The ability to make a waste oil boiler stronger and more reliable - factory models manufactured in last years, differ in rather weak nodes. By choosing a reliable and thick metal, you can make your homemade product more hardy and durable;
• Ease of repair - a homemade waste oil boiler has a simple design that you are familiar with like no other.

There are also disadvantages:

• Self-made heating boilers during testing may differ in efficiency from their factory counterparts, and in a smaller direction.
• Incorrect assembly can lead to accidents.
• Low level of safety - but here a lot depends on the experience of the collector and compliance with the safety rules.
• It is difficult to regulate heat dissipation in order to stabilize the air temperature in heated rooms.

There are drawbacks, but the factory samples also have them.

The principle of operation of boilers for mining

A homemade waste oil boiler can operate in one of two ways:

• With the combustion of fuel in one container and its afterburning in the second - a kind of pyrolysis scheme;
• With the ignition of heated and vaporized fuel - an extremely effective scheme.

If you set fire to used oil in any container, it will burn with a yellow, slightly smoky flame. Even if the received heat is taken away in heating system, it will not be enough to heat the premises. In addition, we will find a bunch of unburned and toxic components in the combustion products. Therefore, the main task of a liquid fuel boiler is to provide optimal conditions for the combustion of used oil. The resulting heat is sent to the water circuit.

The first scheme is used in the most simple ovens, like this one:

Combustion with this scheme is carried out with air intake through the control damper.

Here we see a tank with fuel and a regulating flap, an afterburner and a secondary chamber. Secondary air is supplied to the afterburner through the rows of side openings. The used oil is poured into the tank, a little kerosene is poured on top of it, after which the ignition is performed.

The flame in the afterburner will initially be yellow as the furnace is cold. As it warms up, it will acquire a white-pink hue, a buzz will appear, characteristic of a powerful stream of flame. This means that the unit has entered operating mode. By increasing the size of the upper chamber and adding a tubular heat exchanger to it, we get a simple working furnace with a water circuit.

To consider the second scheme of a waste oil boiler, we take the following scheme:

Scheme and principle of operation of a waste oil boiler

This is not exactly what we want, but the principle is the same. The unit shown in the figure includes several important components. The first unit is the fuel tank, which supplies the used oil to the boiler. The feed must be drip. The waste goes into the bowl, in which the flame is ignited. As the structure warms up, the oil begins to flow into the bowl already hot, its combustion temperature rises.

Combustion is carried out in the inner volume of the furnace, limited by a metal cylinder. This is our combustion chamber - air enters into it from above, in the upper side part there is an outlet for the chimney. The given drawing shows a blower unit, which makes it work more efficiently. There is no water jacket here, but there is a blower fan that blows air into the inner cylinder with the combustion chamber. Hot air can be sent through air ducts to heated rooms.

When using air ducts, they must be carefully insulated to reduce heat loss.

A water circuit will help to organize heating on waste oil with your own hands. To do this, remove the blower fan and the hot air return nozzle from the drawing; there will be no holes in their place. Instead, we weld a coil to the combustion chamber cylinder, which acts as a heat exchanger. It can be made from a pipe of suitable diameters. The ends of the pipe are led out - the heating circuit is connected to them.

So we made an excellent waste oil oven with a water circuit. It remains to work on increasing efficiency. To do this, we can wrap the chimney with an additional heat exchanger and connect it to the main one. Now we wrap our hot water heating boiler in thermal insulation, after which we put it in an additional housing - this will help reduce heat losses.

Basic circuit

Working boilers are simple in design, but finding normal drawings is problematic. In this regard, you will have to rely solely on your own strengths and engineering ingenuity. As a basis for a waste oil boiler, you can take this scheme (we will call it the main drawing):

The unit shown in the diagram is often called plasma. And all because when it burns, it gives a white, blue, high-temperature flame. The used oil burns out completely, we get only a light smoke at the exit.

Our task is to equip the stove with a water circuit and turn it into a waste oil boiler. To do this, we need to make a water jacket (or build a coil) according to the following diagram:

Diagram of the water jacket of our waste oil boiler.

In our case, we can make a large serpentine heat exchanger that will be located around the burner. We weld a sheet of iron around the coil, wrap it with thermal insulation, and then build a decorative metal case.

Like many mining boilers, the unit we are developing will run on liquid fuel, heated directly in the supply pipe. The supply of atmospheric air is carried out from the top. A forced draft fan is not needed here, but many advise not to neglect it.

The fuel flows down a thin pipe 10 mm in diameter into a bowl, where it evaporates and turns into gaseous fuel. Through several slots with a diameter of 1.6 mm, it enters the burner chamber, after which, through four rows of holes of various diameters, it enters the combustion chamber - under the action of the draft from the chimney.

If the thrust is weak, the blower fan will save, which will literally force the vaporous waste oil out into the combustion chamber.

As soon as the boiler warms up, the steam-air mixture will begin to burn with the formation of a white with a blue flame. Most of the heat will be recovered into the water circuit, and some more will go into the atmosphere along with the combustion products. The main advantage of the unit is that the used oil in it burns out almost completely - no toxic emissions into the atmosphere.

Step-by-step boiler assembly

In total, the process of assembling a waste oil heating boiler takes place in several stages:

• Construction of the burner based on a pipe with a diameter of 89 mm with a pipe with a diameter of 10 mm for oil supply.
• The construction of a heat exchanger for connecting a water circuit (in the main drawing it is represented by a body) - we recommend taking the same diameter that will be used in the circuit itself.
• Construction of the housing, which is located on top of the heat exchanger;
• Chimney construction - the recommended height is at least 4-5 m.

The finished waste oil boiler is mounted on solid foundation(concrete, tiles). A tank with a working-off is connected to it, the fuel is supplied dosed, drop by drop, through a control valve. The heating circuit is connected to the unit, the unit is ignited through the inspection hatch. After entering the operating mode, it will remain to control the temperature of the coolant.

Heating system design

Do not forget to supplement the heating system with an expansion tank.

To work in conjunction with a waste oil boiler, it is recommended to use heating systems with cast iron radiators... They connect to metal pipes relatively large diameter. The same pipes are connected to the heat exchanger of our boiler. Plastic pipes it is not recommended to use modern radiators of small capacity - there is no automation in the boiler, there is a danger of overheating of the coolant.

The circulation in the heating system is forced. Waste oil in a homemade boiler burns out when high temperature... Therefore, there is always a risk of overheating of the coolant in the system. Forced circulation will help prevent overheating, at the same time accelerating the heating of the premises.

Open or closed system heating - this issue is decided at the discretion of the end user.

Scope of application

Heating in the garage with a working stove with a water circuit is a completely justified decision. Especially when it comes to a garage workshop. It is not difficult for the guys who work here to solve problems with heating - when changing oil in cars, working off almost always remains in the garage, it is taken very rarely. With a large traffic garage workshop, you can collect several barrels of used oil over the summer.

In addition, the oil changes all year round, so there will be no problems with fuel in the garage. And the water circuit will help to heat not only the garage, but also the adjacent workshops. Electrical and gas heating it is not used here - it is expensive and unprofitable, given the presence of a constant source of waste oil for the operation of a homemade heating boiler.

Homemade waste oil boilers equipped with a water circuit can be used to heat living quarters. The main task of the consumer is to find access to inexpensive or completely free fuel. It is often sold in barrels, so there are no problems with the purchase. Waste oil costs 30-50% cheaper than diesel fuel - the savings are obvious.

Universal circuit

We have unfairly ignored another scheme for building a waste oil boiler - based on a burner. Here we can use a simple Babington burner with high efficiency and simple design. It uses a metal ball through which mining flows down. The ball itself has a hole through which air is supplied. It picks up the smallest particles of waste oil, spraying it. The ready-made airborne mixture is ignited and forms a steadily burning high-temperature flame.

The finished burner is connected to a universal factory boiler that can work with any type of burner. It is also mounted in conventional solid fuel metal and brick ovens... The advantages of the resulting assembly:

• The temperature can be adjusted by limiting the fuel supply to the waste oil burner.
• The ability to automate the regulation of the intensity of combustion.
• Possibility of converting to another type of fuel - for example, to pellets, to natural or liquefied gas.

Choosing a Babington burner to build a home-made boiler, consumers get at their disposal a device that can work even with contaminated waste oil. The main task is to provide air supply under high pressure. Usually compressors from refrigerators are used for this.

As a basis for homemade products, we choose a drawing of any heating boiler with a traditional scheme for burning firewood. A small illustration will help to understand the essence:

The work takes place in several stages. The first is to assemble a Babington burner according to this scheme (or any other):

The second stage is the assembly of a suitable solid fuel furnace, which will subsequently run on waste oil. When choosing a drawing and following it, in no case reduce the size of the combustion chamber, where the burner flame bursts out - if tomorrow you do not have enough working out, you will have to freeze. And in the large combustion chamber, you can always throw a portion of firewood and continue to enjoy the warmth.

Third stage - connection individual elements... The burner is connected to the fuel tank, after which it is inserted into a self-assembled boiler. We start heating the oil in the tank, open the valve, turn on the compressor, set it on fire fuel-air mixture, we control the operation of the water circuit.

If necessary, you can switch from used oil to LPG. For this it is acquired gas-burner(no homemade products with gas!) and is installed instead of a liquid burner. Connects to it gas bottle... As a result, you will get a complete water heating, albeit somewhat gluttonous.

Connect a burner to a homemade boiler natural gas most likely they will not be allowed - solve this issue yourself, since jokes and experiments with gas are bad.

Video

The choice of energy carrier for heating is the "cornerstone" in the design of the entire system. Alternatively to traditional
solid fuel or gas models, you can consider waste oil heating boilers for a private house. They differ not only structurally, but in some operational parameters.

The principle of operation of waste oil boilers

The specificity of using heating devices of this type is preliminary fuel preparation. The used oil must be purified, for some systems it must be heated to the required temperature. There are also differences in the principle of obtaining thermal energy.

(Homemade construction)

Currently, a waste oil boiler can operate according to the following schemes:

• Burner. It is a unit that can be installed in almost any solid fuel boiler. The advantages are good efficiency, small size and control system. The main disadvantage is the high cost;
• Oil boiler, the design of which is intended for use only for working off or a liquid with a similar properties. To organize heating, you can purchase a factory model or make a similar design yourself.

The principle of operation is preliminary heating the oil, as a result of which it decomposes into heavy carbohydrates and gas. In the pyrolysis zone, the latter is oxidized. The generated gas is the fuel with the maximum calorific value. Ash by-products settle at the bottom of the ash pan and are removed during filling.

To increase the efficiency of work, heating boilers of this type are supplied with an air supply system - a blower. Particular attention is paid to the fuel control mechanism.

Gecko boiler: design and principle of operation

Front independent the manufacture of heating equipment is recommended to familiarize yourself with similar factory models. As an example, we can consider boilers of the Gecko brand. They have good enough operational qualities, characterized by reliability and productivity.

(Gecko boiler design)

How Gecko boilers work

To get acquainted with the general principle of operation, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the stages of converting fuel into thermal energy.

1. Waste oil flows through the fuel line (9) to the evaporator (11).
2. Under the influence of temperature, the above-described transformation into gas occurs.
3. Since it is lighter than air, vapors rise along a vortex device (14).
4. Passing through the holes in this element, they ignite in the afterburner.
5. The air blower enriches the mixture with oxygen, which increases the heat output.
6. Energy transfer to the coolant (water, antifreeze) occurs through the walls of the heat exchanger. They are in the afterburner.

To remove carbon monoxide, a gas duct is provided in the structure. It is also designed to create a thrust that circulates air flows inside the combustion chamber.

Making such a design with your own hands is not problematic. The main thing is to choose the right material of manufacture and act according to the developed technological scheme, taking into account the specifics of the drawing.

Dispenser

The specificity of the operation of waste oil boilers lies in the creation of a device for supplying fuel. It is recommended to develop a simple and reliable scheme according to which oil will enter the combustion chamber in the required volume.

The designers of the Gecko boilers have followed the path of "least resistance". The principle of communicating vessels was used. Dispenser is established separate from the boiler and connected to it by means of a fuel line.

(Dispenser diagram)

The fuel supply is adjusted by setting the position of the float. He opens (closes) the supply tap. In this way, you can reduce or increase the heating output.

When calculating a homemade waste oil boiler design, the following nuances must be taken into account:

• Dispenser volume;
• The mechanism of its replenishment;
• Float material. It should not collapse under the influence of fuel.

Having a general idea of ​​the principle of operation of boilers of this type, you can start making a structure with your own hands.

Stages of manufacturing a waste oil boiler

Heaters must meet certain requirements, the main of which are operational safety, efficiency and economical fuel consumption. Therefore, the first stage of design should be given special attention.

Drawing up a drawing

It is not necessary to make a boiler according to a certain scheme. In practice, craftsmen choose the best drawing and adapt it according to the existing conditions. An analysis of the available materials is done, a list of the necessary tools is drawn up.

(Drawing of a simple waste oil boiler)

To begin with, you can consider the design of a simple boiler. It consists of the following components:

• Two barrels. The lower one is necessary for the installation of heating equipment, the upper one serves as a water tank;
• A pipe with holes and a flap cover;
• Oil container.

The advantage of this system is its ease of manufacture. But due to the absence of an ash pan and an air blower, the efficiency of the boiler will be small.

It is best to make homemade counterparts based on the actual dimensions of the structure.

Choice of materials

When choosing the boiler components, you should guided by principle expediency... If you plan to heat a small room, waste oil equipment can be made from a gas cylinder.

A small modernization is enough, including the manufacture of a pipe with holes, an inlet for fuel supply and a chimney.

(Boiler from a gas cylinder)

If it is necessary to make the stove completely from scrap materials, you should choose the right components. When choosing, experts recommend adhering to the following requirements:

• Steel grade and thickness. You can use 15K or 20K. They can withstand significant temperatures without changing configuration. The thickness of the steel for the combustion chamber is 3 mm or more. Frame manufactured made of metal 2 mm. Cast iron application impractical, since it is difficult to process;
• Welding. The main condition is the tightness of the structure and the reliability of the welds;
• Regulation of position. To do this, legs are welded to the bottom with the function of changing the height.

After the boiler has been manufactured, it is necessary to check its reliability and the quality of the welds. During testing, the power must be increased gradually, while controlling the preservation of the integrity of the elements.

Waste oil boiler operation automation

For normal operation of this type of heating equipment, it is necessary to ensure a uniform flow of fuel. For this, an automation similar to the "Gecko" dispenser is used. In addition to it, you can use other schemes for supplying waste oil.

(Mechanical fuel flow diagram)

Maximum automation is possible with the use of electronic control circuits. You can use the scheme " intellectual thermostat ".

(Automation diagram)

The power source is a 12V, 30A device. Before fuel is pumped into the container, the burner is blocked C1. Activation is possible after charging the capacitor, subject to activation intellectual thermostat. Fuel injection into the receiver works in the same way. It stops after charging the capacitor C3.

In some cases, it will be necessary to adapt the described scheme for the operation of a specific boiler model on waste oil. Changes depend on the required power of the equipment and the capacity of the fuel storage.

An example of a homemade design can be found in the video: