The insulation of the attic overlap on wooden beams and the reinforced concrete plate. Variants of the device of the attic floor - types of construction and installation rules How to make a cover on a cold attic

So as not to fuck cold attic in winter, It is necessary to insulate the attic overlap of the room. Do not warm the attic if it is not used for its intended purpose.

In order to solve this issue, you need to think about how to insulate the attic with the help of modern building materials. The process can occur both from the inside of the room and with outside. Insulation is carried out in the process comprehensive repair Before final finish.

Even if the attic was not insulated during construction, you can always do this issue, and to carry out additional work.

Features

Most of the warm air masses go through the roof. Therefore, when the house is erected with a laptile attic, you need to carefully approach the topic of insulation of the attic ceiling with wooden beams. After all, it creates a certain barrier between warm rooms and a cold attic room.

Consider the special criteria of thermal insulation attic that affect the preservation of temperature in the house:

Purpose of the room. The attic is a kind of buffer between the environment and the lodged rooms. His task is to adjust the temperature difference between external environment and home.
Temperature mode. In any season and any day, the temperature of the air masses in the attic will always be higher than outside the window. That is why in winter in the attic very cold, and in the summer it is unbearably hot and stuffy.
Heat loss in winter.The more the substance heats up, the less dense it becomes. This is a physical phenomenon. That is why in residential areas with a heating system warm air from home appliances, focuses in the ceiling area. That is, if you do not insulate the ceiling, then in the winter period, all warm air will warm the attic.

Excessive heat in summer.In summer, you can observe the reverse process. The roof rays of the sun, will warm up the attic air, which, in turn, will penetrate into the room through attic floors.
Reverse aircraft cycle.Contact with the ceiling without thermal insulation, warm air becomes cold, more dense and, as a result, lowered to the floor. This is reflected in the residential premises in the form of walking drafts, which cause harm to human health.

The appearance of excess moisture. In contact with a laptile attic, the wet roast air turns into condensate. The overall level of humidity in the house increases, which leads to the emergence of mold foci in the corners.
Saving. The heat that went through the roof without insulation is about 30%. This means that with the correct insulation of the attic overlap, you can save 30% of the fuel used. The use of air conditioner in summer will also be associated with less costs.

The ingress of warm air masses on the technical attic (non-residential) leads to negative consequences:

Due to the mixing of warm and cold masses in the attic room, condensate may appear. Water falling on the surface can lead to the process of rotting wood on the beams.
If in the attic heat, then the snow gathered on the roof will begin to melt. Water dripping, starts to turn into icicles. Forming on the drainage system.

Materials

In order to correctly pick up the appearance of the insulation for the ceiling, you need to know several factors. The heat insulator should not only have a low thermal conductivity coefficient, but also have defined properties:

Resistance to moisture and mechanical effects. The sealer should not change its form in mechanical loads. His qualities should remain unchanged, even in the case of wetting.
Hemonslessness. The material should not burn and maintain burning. High temperatures should not have destructive influence on it.
Low weight. To create a protective thermal frame, you need to select materials with a slight weight. Then the attic floors will not be subject to mechanical load.

Ability to skip steam. In residential premises should be an acceptable temperature and normal level humidity. To ensure this, you need to choose only vapor-permeable finishing materials.
Environmental factors. The heat insulator is obliged to comply with all sanitary and hygienic standards. Hypoallergenicity and chemical neutrality are the basic requirements for the material. And it should not contain toxic substances and volatile connections.
Mineral base.Insulation should not contain organic compounds, their base must be made of polymers. This will prevent the appearance of mold, and they will not bite the mouse.

Based on the foregoing, to insulate the attic wooden structures, there are several popular types of insulation:

Mineral insulation

Mineral wool is manufactured in two types - rolled and matte. It is made by melting rocks with very high temperatures. Basalt wool is the most suitable for insulation the attic. It combines all the properties of the heat insulator. Mineral wool is pretty light and fragile. To protect it from mechanical exposure (to sell, strip), wooden flooring is stacked over the insulation.

The best view of the insulation for these purposes will be a hard mat of a large density, on the one hand reinforced foil. It stacked foil down. At the same time, it provides a reflection of heat and possess vaporizolation.

Glasswater

Material production technology is very similar to the production of basalt wool. But molten glass is taken as the main component. It has good spring properties. But in this case there is a fragility. In terms of mechanical exposure, it breaks. Glasswater is cheaper than mineral insulation, so it will suit those who are limited in the budget.

But it is necessary to take into account that when I get moisture heat insulating properties worsen. It is harmful to humans, since small windows wound out the skin and can cause irritation.

Bulk insulation

Ceramzit is rounded brown pebbles. They are made of certain types of red clay, which sinters at a very high temperature. Ceramzite has a very low thermal conductivity coefficient, since its structure consists of closed areas. Each pebbles are protected from moisture from entering the fact that there is a dense clay layer on its surface. Small pebbles of the ceramisite are able to fill in themselves inaccessible places, hidden cavities in carrying wooden elements.

This natural mineral heat insulator is not susceptible to burning, there is no harmful substances, Mold will not start, and he does not like rodents.

Foam sheets

The thermal insulator with the polymer structure is made by sintering small spherical granules. Its standard size is 100x100 cm. Thickness ranges from 1 to 15 cm. Polyfoam is one of the available and cheap insulation. But at the same time possesses the lowest thermal conductivity coefficient. Since it consists of polymers, there is no organic organ in its composition. This means that it is moisture-proof, not subject to rotting, and mold is not formed in it. The heat insulator is not affected by fire, but in the conditions of high temperature, it begins to exhibit toxic selection and the risk of high smoke appears. By the cons of the foam can be attributed to the fact that, due to its closed structure, it does not miss the water vapor.

Polystyrene foam plates obtained by extrusion

According to the composition of the substances, they are the same as the foam, but the methods of their manufacture are differ fundamentally. Polystyrene foam is obtained by a hot extrusion method, when a prepared polymer mixture is passed through a special apparatus. Specific density The material is higher than that of the foam, its structure is porous and homogeneous. This leads to higher thermal conductivity. The insulation is strong and withstands a large weight load.

Polyentenylene with reflective foil

Construction title of material Penofol. This is a heater in the shape of a roll, made of foamed polyethylene, covered with foil. It can be combined with other types of thermal insulators, since it itself has a limited scope of application. The structure of closed pores gives a low thermal conductivity coefficient. Through polyethylene does not pass air, liquid, water vapor. Therefore, the foam is a good waterproofer. Foil plays the role of the reflector, that is, returns heat back to residential room. Its thickness from 3 to 15 mm.

Wood-chip sawdust for reinforced concrete slabs

This is, first of all, accessibility and low cost. They go as insulation for ceiling floors in the sheds, baths, household buildings. The method of application is the delabcing of wooden attic designs with a mixture of clay and sawdust. The method is though primitive but effective. Sawdles can be bought on the sawmill. Clay is also available in an accessible amount. To knead the solution is not difficult. At small specific weight The mixture is very solid, especially after complete drying. Therefore, the wooden floors do not load. The material is vapor-permeable, but due to sawdust can develop mold bacteria, and also this type of insulation love to spoil rodents.

Most often insulation concrete facility It occurs at the minilate, minvata, chopped straw and opilk concrete.

Scheme of work

First you need to prepare heat-insulating materials and tools:

a hammer;
hacksaw;
plancock, chisels;
drill and screwdriver;
construction stapler;

rule, roulette;
ladder;
wooden bars and boards;
parobarrier;
finishing material.

Decide which insulation will be used:

mineral wool;
polystyrene foam;
sawdust;
penophol;

glass gaming;
styrofoam;
ceramzit.

Then you should hold installation work.

Montaja technology

Depending on the selection of the insulation, the laying method is different.

Mineral insulation

Vata is placed in three ways: cells, furrows and a solid layer. The choice depends on the degree of load. SAMI best design It turns out from a solid layer. First you need to put the film of vaporizolation. It assigns water vapor, which is directed from the room into an attic room. The film is strictly strictly in accordance with the marking, the brass. Wooden designs Must be tightly covered with a film, otherwise they are drunk.

In the second stage, wata stacked. This is a simple procedure, the insulation is cutting into stripes. When laying, you need to ensure that the insulation does not flip, and there were no gaps between the sheets.

Attic overlaps need to be hydroizing. Then put the draft coating, which will later be the base for the finishing finish.

Polyfoam or extruded polystyrene foam

Stop rigid insulation are quite simple. First you need to align the base, remove the irregularities, the differences on the floor. Put the cement-sand tie. Sheets are stacked between bars. If no one will live in the attic, then the insulation must be closed with a polyethylene film. And if the floor is operated, it is necessary to put OSB plates on the foam or pour the cement mortar with a screed.

There are two types of attic space - a cold attic and a combined attic or attic. In a cold attic, the insulation is laid horizontally on the semi attack, and the temperature inside the cold attic is about the same as on the street.

The temperature inside the cold attic should not exceed 4 ° from the outdoor air temperature (the rules and norms of the technical operation of the residential foundation, the decision of September 27, 2003 No. 170, paragraph 3.3.2), i.e. If the temperature is on -15 ° C, then in the attic it should be no more than -11 ° C. If this difference is greater, then, for example, at an outdoor air temperature -5 ° C, the slope will be heated, the snow on the roof will be lifted and flushing on the cornice. There will be no cornice, because There is no warm premises under it, and water on it will turn into a lot, forming icicles. The more ice to form on the cornice, the greater the chance of leakage, above the load on the roof and above the danger of ice breakdown, which can lead to tragic consequences. All this reduces the service life as roofingand roofs in general.

Fig. 1 Ventilation of a cold attic.

To ensure a normal temperature regime on a cold attic, first of all, it is necessary to warm the overlap between the attic and the residential room. The thickness of the insulation is calculated, based on several parameters, the main of which is the location of the house. The second most important criterion for compliance with the temperature mode of the attic space is the undercase ventilation.

In addition to insulation and ventilation on the temperature of the attic space, influence: the laughing covers of the exit to the attic, the output into the attic space of the ventilation pipes of the premises (kitchen, bathroom), an uninsulated hot water supply located in the attic and so on.

Roofing cake for a cold attic can be divided into two parts. The first part is to overlap between the attic and residential premises. The second part is on Skate.

The first part of the roofing cake depending on the type of overlap looks like this:

Fig. 2 Pie on concrete overlap.

Fig. 3 Pie on wooden overlap.

Parosolation serves to prevent wet air from entering the insulation. By concrete base It is best to apply a bitumen rolled material, with shields. The lags use film vapor barrier with the obligatory scholars with sealing ribbons. As a vaporizolation, you need to use vaporizolation films D-FOLIE B, D-FOLIE B 90 or D-FOLIE BR.

The insulation is placed in a few layers with the dispersion of the joints to eliminate the cold bridges.

The hydraulic recreation membrane protects against weathering and moisture. The moisture can be formed due to condensate, due to the snow being thought out into the attic space, as well as due to possible leaks. The superdiffusion membranes D-FOLIE A 150 or D-FOLIE A 100 should be used as hydraulic protection.

In any case, regardless of the type of overlap, the insulation is not recommended to be covered on top completely plywood or boards. If it is necessary to occasionally walk through the attic space, it is better to provide tracks from the boards without closing the entire insulation.

The second part of the roofing cake using flexible tile on the cold attic looks like this:

Fig. 4 Roofing cake for a cold attic.

dockepie.ru.

How to arrange a roofing pie for a soft roof: general principles and analysis of facilities

The uninitiated in the subtleties of construction a man of the roof is presented in the form of an affordable turning of the coating that protects his households from weather adversity. In fact, this is a difficult design, each element of which is obliged to perfectly fulfill the work entrusted to him. The components are placed by layers like a culinary product that shared the title with the roofing system. Layers with a certain priority are laid, the violation of which threatens with a tangible reduction in consumer characteristics. On how correctly cooked roofing pie Under the soft roof, the dates of the roof service and heat engineering house as a whole.

Types of soft roofing structures

Roofing pie is a generalized technical term that combines a number of structures with a similar "layered" structure. The combination of layers should protect the owners of the house from atmospheric attacks and protect the inner filling of the cake from premature damage.

The standard structure of the roofing pie includes the following mandatory components:

Parosolation. Prevents the penetration of evaporation from the inner space of the house and the condensation of moisture on the building materials used in the construction of the roof;
Heat insulation. Contributes to the preservation of heat, protects the noise, winds, cold temperatures from the incoming outside;
Waterproofing. Prevents the penetration of rainwater and melting winter precipitation and in the roofing construction, and in the building;
Decorative coatingPerforming windproof operation at the same time.

The category of soft roofs includes materials with excellent waterproofing qualities. Among them, bituminous rolled representatives, piece analogs, mastic and a new generation of membranes. A couple of decades ago, they only performed the function of the barrier from the water, and now also play the role of decorative coatings. Controlly refined outer surface and the development of methods of laying, allowing to attach super-thin materials to any type of base.

Combining insulating and decorative properties made it possible to reduce the number of main layers in the roofing pie to 3, if one of the types of roll materials applies to arrange the roof.

When laying bitumen tiles from waterproofing, it is not completely refused. However, it is caught as an additional water layer and covers the roof either completely if the slope slope does not exceed 18º, or partially strips along the sinks, by the skate and electrons, around the pipes and on the roofs on the roofs with the ridges of steepness above 18º.

The given list of the main roofing layers has the nature of general recommendations. In fact, it is refined by reducing or adding functional elements, because a number of significant circumstances affect the formation of the ideal roofing structure, such as:

type and purpose of an object of the object, i.e. Residential this building or household building;
use of temporary or constant, determining the use or refusal of thermal insulation;
the roof shape and the steepness of its slopes are directly related to the choice of materials for the roofing device;
type of base under the device of the cake and laying the soft roof;
the presence of an exploited or non-exploited attic;
regional climatic features, according to which the thickness of thermal insulation is determined;
compatibility of layers of construction, because In case of incompatibility, separation or migration layers will be required.

Competently arranged pie for a soft roof is constructed with the entire spectrum of the listed conditions. No one will be given to the specifics of the project of the project of accurate recommendations, but with the principle of facilities it is worth familiar with, regardless of whether the cake will be arranged or hired roofers will be engaged.

Principles of roofing cake

Consider the most common cake schemes for soft roofs used in private construction. Flat and low-pitched roofing structures over low-rise buildings are rarely built. However, there are adherents of strict cubic forms of the techno or high-tech style, and the number is steadily growing. Most often, flat roofs are erected over erkers attached terraces, household compartments of the building, garages, etc. Covered their bitumen-polymeric materials or membrane, laid on reinforced concrete floors or the basis of galvanized profiled sheet.

The most popular in private construction is a bitumen tile, used in the arrangement of the pitched roofs of the steepness from 12º and more. It is used mainly to cover the solo system, erected over the cottages, and over country houses. From her and let's start.

Roofing pie under flexible tile

The soft tiles cover buildings with cold attics and houses with insulated attic, in the structures of which, of course, there are radical differences. In the first case, there is no need to use insulation, in the second - thermal insulation is a mandatory component. Both options require a solid crate of an antiseptic of the board, sheets of moisture resistant plywood or oriented chipboard OSP-3.

The simplest dismissed option

The scheme of laying a soft roof over a laptile attic is extremely simple:

the counter-hard counterbrue is nailed to the rafter feet. The recommended size of 50 × 50 bar is fastened with two ripped nails to each rafter beam. The steps of the control unit depends on the step between the rafters. If the distance is standard 0.7-0.9m, the bar is naked after 30cm;
the slabs of the solid crates are stacked on the counterbruction in disintegration so that there are no cruciform connections between them. The edges of the plates should rely on the elements of the counterclaim. Fasten the plates through 15 cm robes to the bar;
a self-adhesive waterproofing carpet is styled, the laying of which is made depending on the steepness of the rods. With a slope of 18º and more waterproofing, only rods, horse, endands, jones of adjoins and pipes through the roof are covered. Level cool roofs are completely covered with an insulating carpet;
a soft tile is mounted on top of the waterproofing barrier.

If a solid crate is built from the board, then the need for a device is automatically disappearing. Fasten the boards immediately to the rafter feet, laid with a gap between the elements in 3mm.

Device of a warmed roof

Pie for insulated roofing is much more complicated. Its design complements the thermal insulation. And since it is, you will need paro insulating material, protecting the insulation from the accumulation of moisture. The result of hydration becomes a decrease in the insulation characteristics and the processes of rotting with subsequent destruction. You still need ventilation designed to remove condensate from under roofing, unable to pass dangerous droplets on yourself.

Scheme layers of roofing cake for insulated scope roofinvolving the operation of the attic, such:

from inner The rafter system directly to the rafters stapler is attached parosolation membrane. It is placed in parallel with the lights from the bottom up. In a single web, the strip is connected by bilateral tape;
on the arranged vaporizolation, again, a controller from the bar is built on the inside, the installation step of which depends on the material of the planned inside of the attic of the attic. For example, under the trimming of plasterboard, the bars of the crates are preferably located at a distance of 40 or 60cm;

with the outside of the roof between the rapid beams, auxiliary struts are mounted. They require to hold the insulation slabs. Place the struts with a step by 2-3cm smaller than the height of the heat insulating plate. It is necessary that the thermal insulation is hard to fix in the compartments created for it, "Crash" after easy compressing during the installation process;
in the resulting semblance of cells, the thermal insulation material is placed, the thickness of which should be 3-5 cm less than the thickness of the rafter feet. it prerequisite for proper ventilation of roofing cake;
the counterclaim is constructed again. It is nailed to the rafter feet along their direction, so that the ventilation channels are formed - roofing products;
a solid doomle is fastened to the outdoor counterclaim, on top of which an additional waterproofing carpet is laid;
the soft tile is stacked.

For a warm roof with soft tiles in the northern regions, sometimes the thickness of the mineral wool insulation is not a bit of 15 cm - the generally accepted standard for the middle strip. Then, from the outside, the transverse slcrima of the controller tier for laying the second layer of the insulation is mounted first, then the bar along the rafter feet under the installation of a solid control.

If you lay bituminous tile We plan on top of the low rods, built from the railway plates or arranged by references with the fill from the top of the cement-sand tie, vaporizolation is placed on a concrete or cement-sandy surface. On top of the vaporizolation on the edge, a board is installed in step up to 90cm, and then the required number of tiers of the counterbalax.

Roofing cake with wooden elements can not be close to smoking pipes. Laid on the standards indentation from the walls of the pipe can be found in SNiP 41-01-2003. The empty space is filled with non-pharmacted mineral wool material, and an apron of galvanized or laminated metal is installed outside of the pipes.

Stages and principles of the device of roofing cake under soft tile Representing video:

Roofing Pie under Roll Materials

For the arrangement of the roofs with a slight angle of slope, with a scattering of a stage from 1º to 12º, bitumen-polymer materials or roof membranes are used. Just in the laying of piece shots on them there is no particular sense. Yes, and the patterned aesthetics of flexible tiles on flat and almost flat roofs will delight only feathery.

Special differences in the set of layers under the piece and rolled material is not observed. The sequence is similar: vaporizolation → Insulation → Hydrobarier - he decorative coating And windproof. However, in the installation of roofing cake there is one own specificity. Not used solid doom and counterbus. The layers are styled without auxiliary wooden elements on concrete floors, cement-sand ties, a professional sheet, prefabricated leveling structures. Therefore, attention we focus not on the sequence of installation actions, but on the characteristics in the laying.

Principles of vapor insulation device

The vapor barrier layer under the laying of rolled materials is the materials such as:

bituminous and bitumen-polymer vaporizoation, powered by concrete or cement-sand base, including cement-sand insulation with vermiculite, clay, perlite in the form of a filler in the case of slopes of across 6º. If a bias is less, bituminous vaporizolation can fit without gluing or moving to the base.;
polyethylene reinforced or unarmed vapor barrier, istes freely along the corrugated sheet of a profiled sheet or glued to it in the case of slopes of over 6º.

In the construction of a soft roof according to the collection screeds from plywood or ozp slabs, any type of vapor barrier material can be used, but the recommended option is bitumen-polymer vapor barrier with the base of the polyester cloth. However, on concrete surface It is also not forbidden to put polyethylene, but before it should be arranged a separation layer from pergamine.

The vapor insulation layer is laid in the form of a kind of pallet with an occasion of the vertical planes of adjacent walls and parapets. The height of the side of the pallet is calculated as: the thickness of the heat-insulating layer plus 3-5 cm. Similar flights are arranged around the intersection of the roof with chimney pipes and other communications.

Both vapor insulation options are required to connect to a solid cloth. The bands of the bitumen and bitumen-polymeric material are stacked with an overlap at 8-10 cm on the sides and 15 cm in the end connections and welded with a gas burner. The connection of polyethylene bands is performed using a tape.

Terms of laying thermal insulation

It is possible to warm up a soft roof with a roll coating with any material, but the priority is considered mineral wool plates and foamed polystyrene. On concrete bases and cement-sand ties, the insulation system is laid into one tier, on a professional flooring in two so that the joints of the elements of the top row are located above the bess of the bottom layer.

Rigidity mineral Wat For single-layer insulation 40 kPa with a compressibility of 10%. For the construction of bunk thermal insulation, it is not necessary to use plates with equivalent rigidity. The lower row can be folded with the material with 30 kPa strength indicators, upper 60 kPa.

If a polymer membrane is used as a waterproofing and decorative roofing coating, a separating layer of glass cholester or geotextiles should be labeled between it and polystyrene heat insulation. Otherwise, the membrane previously guaranteed by the manufacturer of the term will lose consumer qualities due to the gradual migration of plasticizers in the next material. Separating layer Also required when the device inversion ballast roof is required if polymer coating Stelcut on a bitumen vapor insulation layer.

Laying mineral wool plates On the professional flooring without prior construction of the team screed from plywood or sheets, the OSP can be carried out if the thickness of the thermal insulation is twice as much as the distance between adjacent corrugations. If reality does not correspond to this condition, the team screed is built before laying insulation.

The heat insulation device for a roll coating requires compliance with the following rules:

the thermal insulation material is attached separately from the coating on top;
for mechanical method Fastening Each plate of thermal insulation and its separate part is fixed at two points. Fastening the insulation to the professional foot is made by steel self-drawing with a plastic sleeve in the form of fungus. Plastic bushings are not used if the slope slope is greater than 10º. TO concrete basis In any case, they are fixed with self-drawers with dowels and metal plates;
the glue of the insulation slabs is made on bitumen-polymer mastic. The gluing is possible if the area "planted" on the adhesive composition will be at a minimum of 30% of the insulation plates area;
the insulation plates are stacked with the mandatory disintegration of the seams so that weak sites are uniformly distributed. Elements of the second tier, if it has the place to be shifted relative to the first at least 20cm both by side and end lines;
the seams in the insulation carpet larger more than 5mm must be filled with thermal insulation material.

The use of hard insulation is justified economically and technologically. It allows you not to arrange the insulation from the top of the insulation, which necessarily requires bevel insulation.

If necessary, to build a roofing slope for the full release of the surface of the surface from atmospheric water and dirt, the thermal insulation is complemented by the devil-forming devices. Most often, they are made from wedge-shaped plates of mineral wool or from similar polystyrene foam parts, less often from falling insulation, followed by fill cement tie.. The balancing on a concrete base can be made through cement-sand fill, invalid to form a slope based on a profiled sheet.

Additional layers of roofing material

An additional barrier from atmospheric water is stacked in high load areas. It is laid by strips along the skate, sinks and adjoints with pre-packaged, in the endows, around the penets and points of the inner drain. It is arranged from either the lanes of the roofing bitumen-polymer coating, or from a special self-adhesive hydrober.

The construction of roofing pie completes the laying of the rolled coating and fixing it by moving, gluing or fastening with self-drawers with sleeves or plates.

There are no accurate recommendations in the presented schemes of roofing pie. We have led the general rules, which will ensure impeccable work and long roof service in the middle lane. In the case of construction in northern latitudes, the proposed options require refinement.

krovlyaikrysha.ru.

What is a attic

The attic room limit the roofs and the ceiling of the residential floor. This place is often used to arrange an additional living area.

The attic of private households is two types:

Housing. It is called an attic. It can also equip the living room, office, bedroom, library, etc. The height of the room in this case should be at least 220 centimeters. In addition, it needs ventilation, natural lighting, carry out the insulation of the skates.
Non-residents. Such an attic space is usually used to accommodate. technical equipment, Storage of old or unnecessary things. At the same time there will be enough 2-meter height, and natural lighting is not necessary. Instead of insulation, the skates make thermal insulation of the attic overlap.

When making a decision on repair or restructuring at home, you need to decide in advance, for what purposes the attic will be involved in making the calculation and the project of overlapping. The list of necessary materials and the gap between the beams depends on this. They must provide the required strength and carrying ability.

Functional purpose of overlaps

The design of the attic overlap depends on the parameters of the structure and goals for which it is planned to use a subcoase space. The attic is assigned a function of a kind of air layer, which separates the cold roof from heated floors.

Paul in the attic performs a number of tasks:

carriage. The overlapping between the upper residential floor and the attic space is assigned a carrier function, so it is made reliable, and durable, since people will move on it, they plan to place equipment on it and equip the storage locations;
insulating. In a cold attic room, the temperature differs little from the one that outside the house. In this case, the floors in the attic carry thermally insulating function, thereby not tolerant air cooling on residential floors. To maintain heat, the thermal insulation is required to overlap the attic. Such work is desirable to entrust professionals.

Features of the device and the design of the overlaps

Since the overlap of the attic performs two functions - carrying and insulating, they have a multi-layer structure. Each of the "cake" elements complements each other, which provides the created design for a long service life, strength and ability to withstand heavy loads.

The flooring device in the attic suggests the following layers:

Finishing floor. Such a name turned outdoor coating, which is placed on a draft base. If it is a attic, then the linoleum, laminate, parquet, etc. are laid during the arrangement of the finishing floor. In non-residential room, the finish flooring may be absent.
Draft base. It is a boardwalk, which is mounted on lags. Black floor swell out of edged board 4 -5 centimeters thick or in order to save from unedged.
Lagi. It is durable, smooth wooden elements stacked perpendicular to the beams of overlap to create an outdoor coating. When the arrangement of the attic overlap on wooden beams is performed, the insulation is placed between the lags, which is protected by a layer of vapor barrier, and on top covered waterproofing material. If you do not apply insulating layers, then after a few years the repair will be required.
Beams. The framework of overlaps is built of thick and durable beams, which are either mounted on the protrusions of the walls, or fit into them. They must withstand the whole mass of the design.
Ceiling covering. From the side of the flooring rooms finishing material, eg, natural wood or plasterboard.

Types of attic overlaps

For the device overlapping a cold attic, materials differ in weight, durability, cost and bearing capacity are used.

There are several types of overlaps depending on what they are made from:

Wooden elements. For their manufacture, you can use beams that have a section 150x150 or 200k200 millimeters. The advantage of this option is that the tree is quite strong and at the same time relatively lightweight material, so wooden elements do not have an additional load on the foundation of the house. In addition, their big advantage can be called a small price and availability. But such an attic overlap is used when the size of the construction does not exceed 6-110 meters, as this is the maximum length of sawn timber.
Metal products. Metal heaps are distinguished by strength, the ability to withstand high weight without deformation. But they weigh decently, so they are extremely rare in wooden houses, and for brick and aerated concrete buildings, they are the best option.
Reinforced concrete products. Molded overlap beams made from reinforced superproof concrete use for multi-storey housesAs they differ in great weight and the same length.

Of all the above sections of overlaps in a private low-rise house building in most cases, wooden beams prefer preference. They have an optimal ratio between price and quality. With competent calculations and compliance with the technology, the repair of overlapping in the coming years is not required.

Cake Device Requirements

Since the safety of staying in the house depends on the quality of installation and repair of the attic floors, a number of requirements are made to their arrangement.

To know the magnitude of the maximum permissible load, which is capable of withstanding the design, it is necessary to perform the appropriate calculations, and then, based on their results, proceed to the development of the project, from which it will be clear how to properly insulate the attic overlap in the house.

Requirements concern:

Carrier ability. It directly depends on the material of the manufacture of beams and from the gap between them.
Distances between carrier elements. The maximum allowable value for this parameter in accordance with the construction standards is 4 meters.
Temperature resistance. It is necessary that the beams without any problems can withstand such changes. The fact is that the difference between air temperature in residential floors and in the attic always exceeds 4 degrees.
Isolation. The cake of the attic overlap of a cold attic must protect the placement of households from the penetration of cold and moisture from the underpants space.

In the design process, the requirements for beams used to arrange overlapping in the attic so that the result is reliable and durable. The distance between them needs to be calculated, based on the loads rendered on them.

Technology for creating an attic overlap on wooden beams

In the presence of the experience of the construction work, mount the overlap of a cold attic on wooden beams can be handled. Perform this process at the final stage of roofing work.

The sequence of actions will be as follows:

Installation carrier beams. For a small area of \u200b\u200ba private house, wooden floors made from a bar having a section of 150x150 or 200x200 millimeters are suitable. They are placed on concrete or brick masonry walls.
Installation lag. They are placed on the edge perpendicular to beams with a step of 60 centimeters. Lags make a cross section of 150x50 millimeters.
Laying thermal insulation. The insulation is placed between lags - it will protect from the penetration of the cold from the attic.
Installation of rough and clean floor.
Covering beams from the room with the target of the ceiling surface.

When insulating the floor, the attic should not forget about the arrangement of hydro and vaporizolation.

kryshadoma.com.

Cold attraction design

During the construction of the roof of the house, many wonder to make a cold attic or attic under it? The easiest way to organize a roof with a cold attic room. Mansard construction will cost several times more expensive and will require more labor costs.. Although it is indisputable that the attic will significantly expand the living area.

The roofs with a cold attic have the following main components in their cake:

roofing;
attic outer walls (applicable for bartal roofs with frontones);
insulated overlap between residential premises and attic.

Ventilation is ensured by cornisic and skate thinking. The air passing through the cornese holes is called the supply, and extending through the horse - exhaust. Additionally, you can make ventilation through hearing windows On the front or roof rods. The windows are equipped with louvre lattices for the possibility of adjusting the intensity of the ventilation.

Hearing windows are located on opposite roof rods so that there are no unrecoverable areas.

Hearing windows can be rectangular, triangular and semicircular shapes. Their lower part should be at a height of no more than 0.8-1.0 m from the floor of overlapping in the attic, and the upper part is not lower than 1.75 m from the floor in the attic. They can also serve as a roof of the house for inspecting the roof, ventilation and chimney elements.

Paro- and thermal insulation of a cold attic

For the roof with a cold attic room, most importantly reduced heat loss through the attic overlap. As for wooden and reinforced concrete floors, vaporizolation is mandatory. It stacked on the overlap itself and ensures the protection of the insulation from vapors that can be condensed in the heat insulator, passing through the ceiling of the residential premises. Boil and bulk materials can be used as insulation. The cake of the ceiling consists of vapor barrier, beams of overlapping and insulation.

In the ceiling ceiling, the following types of thermal insulators often use:

polystyrene and foam plates;
mineral wool slabs or mats;
clay granules;
slag fuel or granulated;
sawdust with lime or clay;
pumice.

The thickness of the desired layer of the insulation is chosen depending on the calculated winter temperature using the table below.

Winter temperatures are calculated by SNiP 2.01.01-82 (building climatology and geophysics) or choose from the regions of the Russian Federation from the respective climatic maps.

The insulation is laid between lags or ceiling beams, and on top they make a boardwalk for attic moves. Lags, usually, have a thickness of 50 mm, and the planks for the flooring 25-35 mm thick.

For ventilated attic rooms, soft or semi-solid heat insulating materials are considered the most optimal.

Device waterproofing attic

Waterproofing roofs with a cold attic, according to many specialists, a controversial issue. Some say that waterproofing must necessarily be present under the roofing material, and someone categorically recommends refusing from it. Here a lot depends on the type of roofing material and the angle of inclination of the roof of the roof.

Metal roofs are most susceptible to corrosion arising from possible small leaks or from condensate. Therefore, again we draw your attention to the fact that ventilation plays one of the main roles in the fight against the condensate formed.

For gentle metal roofs, experts are recommended to install superdiffusion membranes. It will prevent moisture from getting outside the roof when staining snow or rain. No matter how well the roof was laid, there is always the likelihood of minimal leaks. That is why, a little overpaying, you will receive additional protection against moisture in the insulation in the ceiling of a cold attic.

Possible leaks or condensate when entering hydrophobic insulation significantly reduce their heat insulating properties.

If, for example, slate is used as roofing material, then you can refuse from waterproofing. The market also presents professional flooring with an anti-condensate coating, which can hold up to 1 liter of water at 1 m 2. For our part, we recommend that we always recommend using waterproofing membranes, because it is the most cheapest and simple additional way to protect your roof from possible leaks.

When installing waterproofing membranes, use a counterclaim. It performs the function of the fixing rail and, due to its height, provides the necessary clearance to ventilating the underpants. The device of the creened attic shaft is no different from the insulated roofs. The sizes of the crate and its step determines the form installed roofing.

Cold Industrial Temperature

So that the roof is not formed to be formed and icicles, it is necessary to maintain the correct temperature and humidity regime in the attic. In case of insufficient thickness of the heat-insulating material, significant heat losses through the overlap. Warm air, heating roofing, causes snow tapping and frame formation. Correctly selecting the insulation layer of this can be avoided.

It is possible to estimate the effectiveness of the thermal insulator using the temperature measurement of the upper layer of the insulation. The electronic thermometer is immersed in a 10-20 mm insulation. Discharged temperature readings must match the values \u200b\u200bin the table below.

As you can see, the Creek Cake Device does not differ in particular structural complexity. The main task is to ensure the necessary intensity of the ventilation and the thickness of the heat insulating layer in the ceiling ceiling.

In modern construction rafal roofs The very concept of roof - the upper outdoor part of the design is replaced by roofing pie - alternation of several layers of materials, each of which performs a specific function.

The sequence and technology of laying roofing cake depends on the features of the upper coating (for example, metal tile) and the specifics of the indoor room: whether it will be a cold attic or warm attic.

Depending on whether warm or unheated premises Plan to equip under the roof, the sequence of laying materials and the number of elements in the roofing cake will be different.

Cold attic without insulation

The waterproofing film or the membrane is laid from the bottom up directly on the rafyled. It is fixed on them by Brucks. The thickness of the bars is at least 2 cm - to ensure the ventilated space between the film and the finishing coating. Perpendicular to Brukes The counter tests are mounted by the shells of the crate, to which the sheets of metal tiles are fixed.

Between the waterproofing film and metal tile, the ventilation gap device is required, which is equal to the thickness of the bar of the counterbalax. Failure to comply with this moment will lead to premature corrosion of metal and reduce the service life of the coating.

Insulated mansard

In contrast to the cold version, the number of layers in the roof of the attic increases due to vapor barrier and insulation. The peculiarity of such a cake in the correct compliance with the technology of laying materials is their sequences and ensuring ventilated gaps between them.

vaporizoation;
rafters;
insulation over vapor barrier between rafters;
waterproofing;
monitoring;
doom;
metal tile.

Montage sequence

A vapor barrier film is attached to rafters with an overlap at least 10 mm. It is important to provide a hermetic docking of the seams and places of adjusting the film to the roof elements. If the manufacturer provides for the presence of a smooth and rough side in the material, then the smooth surface is placed to the insulation.

Insulation - most often it is basalt minvat or fiber-based product - set over vapor barrier. Mineral wool is tightly held between the rafters, if you cut it 1-2 cm wider than the interconnection distance.

Sufficient layer height - 150 or 200 mm. Depending on the thickness of the material (it is 50, 100, 150 mm), it is placed in several layers, so that the first layer overlap the joints of the second. It helps to avoid the emergence of "cold bridges".

Diffusion membranes can be laid immediately on the insulation, while the waterproofing films require the presence of an air gap (at least 3 cm). It provides air movement and drying mineral wool from moisture, which partially penetrates through imperfal seams of vaporizolation.

Brukes are installed over the waterproofing film, they will provide an air corridor (4-5 cm) between the film and metal tile.

When the temperature drops (for example, in the afternoon, it's cold at night) on the inside of the metal tile is formed condensate, which waterproofing film flows down, not falling on the insulation. For complete drying of this moisture, ventilated space is required. Read more in this article.

The crate to the counterclaim is fixed: the distance between the boards 350 mm is equal to the wavelength of the metal tile, the installation of which completes the entire roofing pie.

The roof should reliably protect the house from the water, wind, temperature drops and, in fact, is a fifth wall, the design of which is a bit more complicated by the rest.

Failure to comply with technology, errors in construction and alterations are poured into excessive spending time, means and health, so it is so important to have a correct idea about the peculiarities of roofing structures.

Cold attic roof device

Most shelter roofs In our country have a cold attic in their design. This name is due to the temperature of the air in the attic, which should not be very different from the air temperature outside the house. With such an attic room, a large buffer air zone is formed, which makes it possible to effectively adjust the temperature in the attic with its correct arrangement.

Cold attraction design

The roofs with a cold attic have the following main components in their cake:

roofing;
attic outer walls (applicable for bartal roofs with frontones);
insulated overlap between residential premises and attic.

Ventilation is ensured by cornisic and skate thinking. The air passing through the cornese holes is called the supply, and extending through the horse - exhaust. Additionally, you can make ventilation through the hearing windows on the front alone or roof rods. The windows are equipped with louvre lattices for the possibility of adjusting the intensity of the ventilation.

Hearing windows are located on opposite roof rods so that there are no unrecoverable areas.

Paro- and thermal insulation of a cold attic

In the ceiling ceiling, the following types of thermal insulators often use:

polystyrene and foam plates;
mineral wool slabs or mats;
clay granules;
slag fuel or granulated;
sawdust with lime or clay;
pumice.

The thickness of the desired layer of the insulation is chosen depending on the calculated winter temperature using the table below.

Winter temperatures are calculated by SNiP 2.01.01-82 (building climatology and geophysics) or choose from the regions of the Russian Federation from the respective climatic maps.

The insulation is laid between lags or ceiling beams, and on top they make a boardwalk for attic moves. Lags, usually, have a thickness of 50 mm, and the planks for the flooring 25-35 mm thick.

For ventilated attic rooms, soft or semi-solid heat insulating materials are considered the most optimal.

Device waterproofing attic

Possible leaks or condensate when entering hydrophobic insulation significantly reduce their heat insulating properties.

Cold Industrial Temperature

So that the roof is not formed to be formed and icicles, it is necessary to maintain the correct temperature and humidity regime in the attic. With an insufficient thickness of the heat-insulating material, significant thermal losses occur through the overlap. Warm air, heating roofing, causes snow tapping and frame formation. Correctly selecting the insulation layer of this can be avoided.

Cold Attic: Ceiling Pie, Device, Steamproofing Overlapping and Waterproofing

The device and design of the Cold Creek Cake. Steamproofing ceiling overlap and waterproofing on a cold attic. Optimal temperature For the attic.

Roofing cake for a cold attic

Roofing cake for a cold attic can be divided into two parts. The first part is to overlap between the attic and residential premises. The second part is on Skate.

The first part of the roofing cake depending on the type of overlap looks like this:

Parosolation serves to prevent wet air from entering the insulation. On a concrete basis, a bituminous rolled material is best used, with flustering. The lags use film vapor barrier with the obligatory scholars with sealing ribbons. As a vaporizolation, you need to use vaporizolation films D-FOLIE B, D-FOLIE B 90 or D-FOLIE BR.

The insulation is placed in a few layers with the dispersion of the joints to eliminate the cold bridges.

The second part of the roofing cake using flexible tile on the cold attic looks like this:

Dersighted roof cake device with insulation

Externally distinguish the house with a scope roof, which is equipped with attic, from buildings with a attic, is impossible, except for mansard windows. But if you go deep into the roof design, you can find significant differences. Attic rooms are insulated only from the overlap, so as not to produce warm air from the residential floor. The attic roof cake contains many layers that allow you to create a favorable microclimate in the area under the roof.

Constructive features

To begin with, we will understand what is called roofing pie. These are the necessary structural layers of the roofs, which are stacked in a certain sequence and are needed for the insulation of the structure, protection against the formation of condensate and the penetration of moisture from the street, as well as as the basis for laying the roof itself.

The roofing pie of a cold attic and warm attic is significantly different. In the first case, less structural layers are used. This is usually rafters, waterproofing, a doom and roof covering. With the arrangement of residential attic rooms under the roof, the correct roofing pie consists of the following layers located below:

interior decoration premises;
layer of vaporizolation;
the rafter system and thermal insulation material, which is laid between the rafters;
waterproofing carpet;
clearance for ventilation of the underproof space (it is formed by laying the interface);
doom;
roof coating, namely the selected roofing material.

Each of the listed layers performs its specific functions, so the lack of a layer or its correct installation Can lead to large heat loss and considerable home heating costs. Due to the accumulation of condensate, the insulation can dance, but bearing structures The rafting system is rapidly destroyed.

Important! It is worth remembering that not only the presence of a certain layer and its correct installation is of great importance, but also the choice of a suitable material in accordance with the peculiarities of the roof design and the climatic conditions of the construction region.

Features of each layer

Next, we consider the attic cake layerly with the features of the design, as well as the nuances of the selection and laying of materials. All layers of the design of the attic roof we will consider, moving out of the room outside.

The very first layer, which is located on the side of the room, is an interior decoration. For these purposes, you can use plasterboard sheets, plastic panels, wooden lining And another finish. Among all materials for the finishing of the attic advantage have plasterboard and wood, as they can naturally adjust the humidity in the room, which contributes to a favorable microclimate.

Parosolation

The vaporizolation layer is attached to the rafter system from the bottom. It is needed to protect internal structures Roofs and insulation from the formation of condensate due to the temperature difference indoors and on the street.

Attention! The absence or poor-quality vaporizolation leads to the accumulation of condensate moisture in the insulation. Due to the dampness, the insulation cannot perform its thermal insulation functions, and it will be cold in the room.

Vapor insulation roll materials roll across the direction of the rafter and are attached to them with the help of a construction stapler. At the same time it is necessary to make the nesting strips of 150 mm. Material strips docking places are additionally sealed with special ribbons or ordinary tape.

The following materials are used as vaporizolation:

The most affordable and inexpensive vaporizolator - Pergamine. Over the years, its properties for protection against condensate moisture are reduced, so it is better not to use it.
Special vapor insulation membrane. This is a polyethylene film that may have additional reinforcing and reflecting layers. She copes well with his tasks and does not prevent.
Foil vapor barrier. This is the most expensive material, but in addition to the protection against moisture, it allows you to effectively maintain heat in the room due to the reflecting layer. Foil film must be attached to a gap from the insulation of 10-20 mm. To obtain this gap until the rakes of the corresponding thickness are stuffed before fixing the film.

It is worth knowing: vaporizolation should not be tightly seamless to the insulation, laid out between the rafters, so the material is fixed to rafters with a small savory (about 2 mm).

Slinge system

For the manufacture of a rafted pitched roof in a private house, elements made of softwood wood are not lower than 1 grade with humidity no more than 15%. The optimal cross section of rafted 150x50 mm. In the middle climatic strip of our country for effective insulation Dersighted roof It is necessary to use thermal insulation material with a thickness of 200 mm. As you can see, the height of the rafted 15 cm will not be enough, so the timing of 50x50 mm can be attached to them from below.

The step of installation of the rafting system depends on the roof design, the width of the heat insulating material used and the type of roofing. It is also worth remembering that the greater the step of the rafter system, the greater the cross section of one element should be. For rafters with a cross section of 5x15 cm, the optimal step is 800-900 mm.

Important! All wooden elements carrier carcass Roofs should be protected from rotting and burning. For this, they are pre-treated with antiseptics and antipirens.

Insulation

The most important in the design of the attic roof is the insulation pie, because the comfort of living in the attic depends on it, as well as the level of sound insulation of the premises. For thermal insulation of pitched structures usually use:

Mineral plates. They are made on the basis of basalt fiber, sufficiently dense, not combustible and retain heat well.
Fiberglass is non-combustible, environmentally friendly material. Its disadvantage is the instability of the structure and the possibility of sagging.
Polyfoam is an inexpensive effective material that does not absorb moisture at all, but with combustion, toxic compounds.
Polystyrene foam is a very light, non-combustible and non-toxic material that does not accumulate moisture. However, it has increased vapor permeability, so in the summer mansard floor may be increased humidity. The polystyrene foam due to high stiffness is difficult to put in complex areas of the roof.

Tip: For mansard warming, it is better to use soft mineral wool slabs based on basalt. They are easily mounted in complex areas and firmly adjacent to rafters without the formation of cold bridges.

For each construction region, the thickness of the thermal insulation material is calculated individually. The minimum layer of insulation is 150 mm. For regions with severe winters, it is necessary to use heat insulation material with a thickness of at least 20 cm. In this case, the laying of the insulation is carried out only on dry wood rafters. Otherwise, the moisture will penetrate the thermal insulation material and reduce its effectiveness.

Waterproofing

The main purpose of waterproofing is to protect the insulation from moisture penetrating the roof, as well as in the ability to pass water vapor, which will evaporate from the thermal insulation material. That is why for these purposes a vapor insulation film is not suitable, because it does not miss water vapor. For waterproofing, the roofs use special materials:

Diffusion membranes. These are films with microscopic holes in the form of a funnel. The material is stacked so that the wide part of the funnel will be rotated to the insulation, and narrow in the direction of roofing. At the same time, it is necessary to create two ventilation gaps and sharpen the material from the insulation at a short distance so that the funnels are not blocked by water vapor. These membranes can only be used with those roofing coatings, which are not scary moisture gathering from the back.
Superdiffusion membranes. The effectiveness of this material does not require the arrangement of the air layer from the insulation. Such films are suitable for homes where the roof is laid in the already loud building. The membranes are well protected from the wind.

Important! Both types of membranes cannot be used with coatings from erector and metal tile, since their back side must be reliably protected from condensate. But for coatings of soft and traditional tiles, these membranes are perfect.

Condensate films are used for a roof from euroshetor and metal tile, as they do not pass water vapor. In this case, an extra moisture from the heat-insulating material accumulates on the darling side and through the ventilation gap is output. In such structures, you need to perform the second ventilation gap between the waterproofing carpet and the coating so that the condensate does not accumulate from the back of the roof.

Publishing and obsess

If you need to equip the ventilation of the underpants, then the rails are stuffed over the waterproofing carpet. To do this, use a timing of a sections of 30-40 mm, which is nailed in the direction of the rafted.

The following follows the layer of the crate. It can be solid or rarefied. The first option is placed under mild roofing coatings, for example, flexible tile, and is performed from an osp or moisture-resistant plywood. There is a deformation gap in 2-3 mm between the elements of a solid crate. In the second case, 25 mm thick boards are used, which nourge the rafter in a step of 30-40 cm. After that, roofing is placed.

Cake of the attic roof and proper roof insulation

Constructive features of the pancake roof pie and the description of the layers. Slinge system, vaporizolation, waterproofing and insulation. Counterbarb and doom.

How to arrange a roofing pie for a soft roof: general principles and analysis of facilities

The uninitiated in the subtleties of construction a man of the roof is presented in the form of an affordable turning of the coating that protects his households from weather adversity. In fact, this is a difficult design, each element of which is obliged to perfectly fulfill the work entrusted to him. The components are placed by layers like a culinary product that shared the title with the roofing system. Layers with a certain priority are laid, the violation of which threatens with a tangible reduction in consumer characteristics. From how correctly the roofing pie for a soft roof is built, depending on the service life of the roof and heat engineering house as a whole.

Types of soft roofing structures

The standard structure of the roofing pie includes the following mandatory components:

Parosolation. Prevents the penetration of evaporation from the inner space of the house and the condensation of moisture on the building materials used in the construction of the roof;
Heat insulation. Contributes to the preservation of heat, protects the noise, winds, cold temperatures from the incoming outside;
Waterproofing. Prevents the penetration of rainwater and melting winter precipitation and in the roofing construction, and in the building;
Decorative coatingPerforming windproof operation at the same time.

The category of soft roofs includes materials with excellent waterproofing qualities. Among them, bituminous rolled representatives, piece analogs, mastic and a new generation of membranes. A couple of decades ago, they only performed the function of the barrier from the water, and now also play the role of decorative coatings. Supported by the refined external surface and the development of methods of laying, allowing to secure super-thin materials to any type of base.

Combining insulating and decorative properties made it possible to reduce the number of main layers in the roofing pie to 3, if one of the types of roll materials applies to arrange the roof.

type and purpose of an object of the object, i.e. Residential this building or household building;
use of temporary or constant, determining the use or refusal of thermal insulation;
the roof shape and the steepness of its slopes are directly related to the choice of materials for the roofing device;
type of base under the device of the cake and laying the soft roof;
the presence of an exploited or non-exploited attic;
regional climatic features, according to which the thickness of thermal insulation is determined;
compatibility of layers of construction, because In case of incompatibility, separation or migration layers will be required.

Principles of roofing cake

Consider the most common cake schemes for soft roofs used in private construction. Flat and low-pitched roofing structures over low-rise buildings are rarely built. However, there are adherents of strict cubic forms of the techno or high-tech style, and the number is steadily growing. Most often, flat roofs are erected over erkers attached terraces, household compartments of the building, garages, etc. They are covered with bitumen-polymeric materials or membrane, laid on reinforced concrete floors or base from galvanized profiled sheet.

Roofing pie under flexible tile

The simplest dismissed option

The scheme of laying a soft roof over a laptile attic is extremely simple:

the counter-hard counterbrue is nailed to the rafter feet. The recommended size of 50 × 50 bar is fastened with two ripped nails to each rafter beam. The steps of the control unit depends on the step between the rafters. If the distance is standard 0.7-0.9m, the bar is naked after 30cm;
the slabs of the solid crates are stacked on the counterbruction in disintegration so that there are no cruciform connections between them. The edges of the plates should rely on the elements of the counterclaim. Fasten the plates through 15 cm robes to the bar;
a self-adhesive waterproofing carpet is styled, the laying of which is made depending on the steepness of the rods. With a slope of 18º and more waterproofing, only rods, horse, endands, jones of adjoins and pipes through the roof are covered. Level cool roofs are completely covered with an insulating carpet;
a soft tile is mounted on top of the waterproofing barrier.

If a solid crate is built from the board, then the need for a device is automatically disappearing. Fasten the boards immediately to the rafter feet, laid with a gap between the elements in 3mm.

Device of a warmed roof

Pie for insulated roofing is much more complicated. Its design complements the thermal insulation. And since it is, it will take a vapor insulation material that protects the insulation from the accumulation of moisture. The result of hydration becomes a decrease in the insulation characteristics and the processes of rotting with subsequent destruction. You still need ventilation designed to remove condensate from under roofing, unable to pass dangerous droplets on yourself.

Scheme laying layers of roofing pie for a warmed pitched roof involving the operation of the attic, such:

from the inside of the rafter system directly to the rafters of the stapler attached a vapor barrier membrane. It is placed in parallel with the lights from the bottom up. In a single web, the strip is connected by bilateral tape;
on the arranged vaporizolation, again, a controller from the bar is built on the inside, the installation step of which depends on the material of the planned inside of the attic of the attic. For example, under the trimming of plasterboard, the bars of the crates are preferably located at a distance of 40 or 60cm;
with the outside of the roof between the rapid beams, auxiliary struts are mounted. They require to hold the insulation slabs. Place the struts with a step by 2-3cm smaller than the height of the heat insulating plate. It is necessary that the thermal insulation is hard to fix in the compartments created for it, "Crash" after easy compressing during the installation process;
in the resulting semblance of cells, the thermal insulation material is placed, the thickness of which should be 3-5 cm less than the thickness of the rafter feet. This is a necessary condition for proper ventilation of roofing pie;
the counterclaim is constructed again. It is nailed to the rafter feet along their direction, so that the ventilation channels are formed - roofing products;
a solid doomle is fastened to the outdoor counterclaim, on top of which an additional waterproofing carpet is laid;
the soft tile is stacked.

If you lay a bitumen tile, we plan on top of the low rods, built from the railway plates or arranged by references with the fill from the top of the cement-sand tie, steam barrier is placed on a concrete or cement-sand surface. On top of the vaporizolation on the edge, a board is installed in step up to 90cm, and then the required number of tiers of the counterbalax.

Stages and principles of the device of roofing cake under a soft tile will present a video:

Roofing Pie under Roll Materials

Special differences in the set of layers under the piece and rolled material is not observed. The sequence is similar: vaporizolation → Insulation → Hydrobarier - it is decorative coating and windproof. However, in the installation of roofing cake there is one own specificity. Not used solid doom and counterbus. The layers are styled without auxiliary wooden elements on concrete floors, cement-sand ties, a professional sheet, prefabricated leveling structures. Therefore, attention we focus not on the sequence of installation actions, but on the characteristics in the laying.

Principles of vapor insulation device

The vapor barrier layer under the laying of rolled materials is the materials such as:

bituminous and bitumen-polymer vaporizoation, powered by concrete or cement-sand base, including cement-sand insulation with vermiculite, clay, perlite in the form of a filler in the case of slopes of across 6º. If a bias is less, bituminous vaporizolation can fit without gluing or moving to the base.;
polyethylene reinforced or unarmed vapor barrier, istes freely along the corrugated sheet of a profiled sheet or glued to it in the case of slopes of over 6º.

In the construction of a soft roof according to the collection screeds from plywood or ozp slabs, any type of vapor barrier material can be used, but the recommended option is bitumen-polymer vapor barrier with the base of the polyester cloth. However, polyethylene lay on the concrete surface is also not forbidden, but before it should be arranged a separation layer from pergamine.

Terms of laying thermal insulation

Mineral wool rigidity for single-layer insulation 40 kPa with a compressibility of 10%. For the construction of bunk thermal insulation, it is not necessary to use plates with equivalent rigidity. The lower row can be folded with the material with 30 kPa strength indicators, upper 60 kPa.

If a polymer membrane is used as a waterproofing and decorative roofing coating, a separating layer of glass cholester or geotextiles should be labeled between it and polystyrene heat insulation. Otherwise, the membrane previously guaranteed by the manufacturer of the term will lose consumer qualities due to the gradual migration of plasticizers in the next material. The separation layer is also required when the inversion ballast roof is required if the polymer coating is steel to the bitumen vapor insulation layer.

Laying mineral wool slabs on a professional flooring without prior construction of the team screed from plywood or sheets of OSP can be carried out if the thickness of thermal insulation is twice as much as the distance between adjacent corrugations. If reality does not correspond to this condition, the team screed is built before laying insulation.

The heat insulation device for a roll coating requires compliance with the following rules:

the thermal insulation material is attached separately from the coating on top;
with a mechanical method of fastening, each plate of thermal insulation and its separate part is fixed at two points. Fastening the insulation to the professional foot is made by steel self-drawing with a plastic sleeve in the form of fungus. Plastic bushings are not used if the slope slope is greater than 10º. To a concrete basis, in any case, they are fixed with self-drawers with dowels and metal plates;
the glue of the insulation slabs is made on bitumen-polymer mastic. The gluing is possible if the area "planted" on the adhesive composition will be at a minimum of 30% of the insulation plates area;
the insulation plates are stacked with the mandatory disintegration of the seams so that weak sites are uniformly distributed. Elements of the second tier, if it has the place to be shifted relative to the first at least 20cm both by side and end lines;
the seams in the insulation carpet larger more than 5mm must be filled with thermal insulation material.

The use of hard insulation is justified economically and technologically. It allows you not to arrange the insulation from the top of the insulation, which necessarily requires bevel insulation.

If necessary, to build a roofing slope for the full release of the surface of the surface from atmospheric water and dirt, the thermal insulation is complemented by the devil-forming devices. Most often, they are made of wedge-shaped plates of mineral wool or from similar polystyrene foam parts, less often from flowing insulation, with subsequent fill of the cement screed. The balancing on a concrete base can be made through cement-sand fill, invalid to form a slope based on a profiled sheet.

Additional layers of roofing material

The construction of roofing pie completes the laying of the rolled coating and fixing it by moving, gluing or fastening with self-drawers with sleeves or plates.

Roofing cake under the soft roof: general principles Devices from Prof.

Competently arranged roofing cake under the soft roof will provide a normal microclimate inside the house, guarantees a long construction service, will save from repairs.

To preserve the normal temperature and humid regime in a private house, it is necessary to ensure reliable protection against the penetration of cold air. It takes not only the heat shield of the walls and overlap of the basement, but also insulation of the attic effective materials on wooden beams.

Types of attic overlaps

In a private house, you can apply the following types of horizontal structures:

precast concrete;
monolithic reinforced concrete;
on metal beams;
on wooden beams.

For construction wooden house The most rational solution will be the option of overlapping on wooden beams. Tree has higher heat insulating characteristicsthan concrete, but still insulation is insufficient.

Warming technology

How to insulate the attic overlap so that there are no problems in the future? In general, the technology of thermal insulation is almost the same. But its installation methods depend on the specific situation.

The insulation of the attic ceiling is performed in the presence of a cold attic. The heat protection of the design is performed from above, since in this case the thermal insulation is most literate. But in some cases another scheme is applied - protection from warm air.

Answers to the question why undesirable insulation from the side of the upper floor ceiling can be the following disadvantages of heat shields from below:

the insulation fulfills only the protection of the ceiling, and the overlailing remains cold;
performance of work from the bottom with their own hands is quite laborious;
the condensate loss point is shifting inside the overlap pie, which can lead to the decoration of the design on wooden beams.

It is also important to comply with the correct order of all associated materials.

When insulation, you must remember the one rule: vaporizolation is always located on the side of warm air, and waterproofing - from the side of the cold.

Incorrect location may result in the following problems:

wetting insulation;
condensate falling on the ceiling surface;
returning overlap of a cold attic on wooden beams.

Does vaporizolation and waterproofing, depends on the selected insulation.

Selection of insulation

Methods of insulation of the ceiling of the upper floor overlap over the beams in the private house are very diverse. When performing work, with your own hands, the insulation is stacked between lags and provides reliable insulation and noise protection. There are many options for insulation of the structure, the most common from them became:

warming of Minvata;
laying on wooden beams of polystyrene foam (foam or inferno);
floating with clay;
insulation sawdust;
filling the ceiling space by foam.

Each of these options has its own characteristics and dignity.

Warming of Minvata between Lagas

Mineral wool insulation

The material is produced in two versions: plates and rolls. Warming of overlapping The attic of Minvata has the following advantages:

Styrofoam

One of the most common materials for thermal insulation was the foam. He earned a place in the top three thanks to a very attractive price. Using this insulation in an individual house gives the following advantages:

high degree of protection;
resistance to rotting and the occurrence of mold and fungus;
low degree of water absorption;
ease of installation and lack of need for complex tools and protective equipment;
the small weight of the material does not allow an excessive load on the design and allows you to warm up the insulation.

Extruded expanded polystyrene foam

More often, this material is called a shorter word - Penoplex. Being the closest relative of the foam, the penplex is deprived of most of its flaws. In the process of improvement performance characteristics The cost has increased. Material is produced by non-heat, it has sufficient strength to use as the base under flooring and a small mass for use in the ceiling design.

Montage with your own hands is quite simple. This question is discussed in detail in the article. The text discusses options for use both fasteners and foam for different types of overlap design.

For people who decided to build their own wooden house, the naturalness of materials is usually important. Here the PESEROPLEX, like foam plastic, loses other types of insulation due to artificial origin.

Ceramzite or sawdust

Warming wooden overlap

If it is decided to use fully natural materials in the house, these two types of insulation will become indispensable assistants. They do not have high heat shielding characteristics as previous types, but provide reliable protection from cold with a sufficient layer thickness. Speakers can be obtained almost free of charge, clamzite also refers to low-cost materials.

The insulation of the attic overlap can be carried out by non-professional and does not require special skills. The restriction of the application is the physical features of these materials: they cannot be used for heat shields from below.

Foam for heat shields

Polyureaenthet new insulation Newly new material in construction. With independent building of the building, this method can provide high speed of work and reliable protection from cold. On the insulation of the building, including the attic floors, can be found in the article.

This provides big choice Materials for insulation and significantly saved on construction.

Wooden overlap warming is carried out between lags, therefore does not require high-strength heat-protective material: the main load from people, furniture and equipment will take on board or timber.

A large percentage of thermal losses occurs through the overlap of the upper floor, so it is so important to correctly select the insulation and comply with the laying technology.

If you are detaining the house, almost finish work Already spent and you do not know whether it will be taken for the attic or this case will wait, and in general what you need at this stage - this article will help you. Here we will look at the insulation of the attic overlap materials of different types, with step-by-step illustrations, expert advice and useful videos.

As well as reveal many important moments why insulation is so necessary and in fact there must be a cake of the attic overlap on wooden beams and reinforced concrete plate - step by step.

What insulation are suitable for the attic?

It is necessary to warm the attic overlap when the attic space does not plan to use for housing. Those. We are talking about a cold attic, whose roof rods are not warmed at all. And for the overlap, not all the same materials are already suitable, then they are selected for the skates.

Mineral wool: without harmful dust

So, when insulation of the attic overlap of mineral wool, the so-called tension method is correctly applied. Its essence is that the insulation material first is stacked - and so that it is prescribed between the beams.

After that, it is littered into three layers of a slab or rolled insulation from mineral wool, a total thickness of about 150 millimeters, and it is covered with a vapor insulating film from above. After that, already plywood, which should not be thinner than 18 millimeters.

Polystyrene foam and foam: simplicity of laying

The insulation of the attic overlap with the help of polystyrene foam, the main advantage of which is that there is no need for vapor barrier, and all the gaps are easily compacted by the mounting foam.

Injustful insulation: Fashion and rationality

Recently, the insulation of the attic overlap by the method of strangling has become particularly popular.

The main advantage of the intelligent insulation is that it fills all the emptiness by itself, which is, and create a smooth continuous layer. In which there are no joints, there are no seams and there is no adjustment, and for which there is no need to cut the individual small pieces of barbed insulation to shut something.

Today, two types of insulation of the insulation are predominantly used for the insulation of cold attics in Russia: Eco-eyewit and stiff wool.

Equata up to 80% consists of cellulose fibers, which are produced from ordinary waste paper, and by 20% of such additives, like Buran as anti-epire and boric acid As an antiseptic. This insulation is high thermal conductivity.

But the stuffing cotton wool is obtained when grinding ordinary mineral materials for thermal insulation, which for some reason did not pass the acceptance of products.

For example, there were no sufficient density or proper structure of the fibers. And such a material is crushed and pack under heavy pressure, and therefore it is easy to transport it to the place of the object, where on arrival everything is breaking again.

But still most often used as an eco-engine material. The insulation itself in the process looks like this: one person must stay next to the installation and monitor its normal operation, at the same time loading the material. And the second person climbs into the attic along with the hose, makes a cross-shaped incision (just between beams) in charge of the hose in this incision, and fills the cavity with the material.

Plus, for insulation of a cold attic applied relatively inexpensive bulk materials:

What parameters of the insulation should pay attention to?

In no case we urge you to acquire the most expensive heat-insulating materials for the insulation of your attic overlap. But note that the larger the longer any known company produces materials for this purpose, the more it pays attention to the quality, changing their volumetric weight, improving its products and increasing thermal insulation coefficients. And this is already talking about something.

Otherwise, always pay attention to such parameters of insulation, which are important for wooden overlap, and have no for concrete - and vice versa.

Parameter number 1. Biostost

It is about such a insulation that often remains open, bugs did not start or what other animals. This is especially true of mice, which like to live on warm and dry (and, most importantly, deserted) attic.

Another important requirement To the attic insulation is water resistance. The rainy drops or simply moisture in it do not have to lead to the process of rotting.

One of the most persistent insulation is recognized glass gamble:

Parameter number 2. Thermal conductivity

The main requirements for insulation for the attic ceiling is the ability to maintain thermal insulation properties for a long time.

When buying a heater, pay attention also at such an interesting point: modern manufacturers thermal insulation materials always indicate specifications Immediately three thermal conductivity coefficients of the material: in a dry state, at a temperature of 10 ° and 25 °, and the humidity of the category A and B.

You need to look at the thermal conductivity coefficient in a dry state, or at a temperature of 10 degrees, because it is the normal climate situation in the attic. For more accurate and detailed thermal calculations you will need a SNiP table.

And now we note that moment. You will certainly be selected when buying a heater advise to take a heater with as much as possible in thermal conductivity. But in fact, it makes sense only for residential attics, because when you have to warm the roofs, then too thick materials between the rafters do not pave. Therefore, we need materials that will be warm as worse as worse, but at the same time have a small thickness.

But for the attic overlap just the thickness of the insulation is not a critical factor, and you can save on it. Just take the insulation of the cheaper, but thoroughly, even with high thermal conductivity. You are all compensated by the height of the warming itself.

Parameter number 3. Weight

Depending on the chemical composition, each insulation has its own bulk mass. Thus, such materials such as basalt, glass and any other inorganic and organic compounds are most often used as a basis for fibers. From their type, the heat insulating material itself becomes either light or heavy. And the form of all these materials is ensured by the elasticity of the fibers: how much they are straightened between the beams of the overlap.

Note that heavy insulation form holds better due to the rigidity of its fibers. And the best stability for insulation of the attic overlap has foam insulation, which in this parameter are equated with rigid stone watts. But there is a point: the same mineral wool insulation, which inserted between the beams of overlapping, is easy to deal with and tightly cut to the wood, and the foam will not do it, and emptiness is formed - the bridges are cold. Therefore, you will have to additionally use a foam can close all the gaps.

But if you make the insulation of the attic overlap over the reinforced concrete plate materials based on foam, then there will be only advantages. Not to mention that itself concrete overlap The attic already has a considerable weight and creates a serious load on the walls and the foundation of the house, and the use of light insulation for him is only a big bonus.

And unlike concrete overlap, the attic can withstand sufficiently limited load. Therefore, the weight of the insulation in this regard is also not the last moment. After all, there are already many variations: the same cubic meter of thermal insulation can weigh both 11 kilograms, and all 350 is the norm.

One of the most severe insulation - basalt wool:

Parameter No. 4. Resistance to moisture

Rainly falling raindling moisture in the insulation or roofing leaks should not run the process of rotting. Bad, if after six months - a year a new insulation begins to decompose from the inside, making an unpleasant smell of dampness.

Therefore, the insulation of the attic overlap on wooden beams and in concrete is quite common with the help of foam or polystyrene foam, which are known for their almost zero hydrophobicity.

Parameter No. 5. Ecology

Another point: the attic insulation should not allocate any toxic and sharp smell in terms of substances, despite the fact that, perhaps, no one will walk in such an attic.

It's all about ventilation: Sooner or later, the insulation molecules are picked up by air and entered into residential premises, which is unsafe for tenants at home. Therefore, choose such a heater that corresponds to sanitary standards.

Parameter No. 6. Saving form

Another important point is the form stability of the selected insulation. Thus, special laboratory tests showed that with the time of heat loss through the slots between the plates or the matte heat insulator can reach 40%. And this is despite the fact that the material itself during the same time may not change its coefficient of thermal conductivity at all, if it remained dry.

And therefore, the stability of the shape and size of the material with time is very important. For concrete overlap, the attic such gaps will not be critical, because here the overlap itself is quite thermally insulating, which cannot be said about the attic overlap.

But the problem is that technical information on the modern heat insulators Such a parameter as a form or stability is not found.

Parameter number 7. Fire safety

And the last moment: the attic insulation must comply with all the requirements of fire safety. Take the same popular EcoWhat, which is not just made of ordinary waste paper and pieces of newspapers. It would seem that everything is simple and ingenious, why don't you chop papers either, and just not fall asleep by the attic? Will it be worse? After all, it also involves the principle of loosenness, like animal wool, when the air molecules are stuck between small elements.

Let's just say: yes, the insulation of this method will not be worse, but it is the old dry paper and wood most often leads to an unexpected fire. That is why modern cellulose insulation are necessarily processed by special chemicals against fire.

If we are talking about the flammability of materials, it is important that the insulation does not only burn, but also attenu. Just remember that everything is burning in the epicenter of fire, and iron and concrete, but if a spark falls on the attic overlap, then the insulation should not light up. That's what we are talking about.

This is how the insulation cake should look like the attic:

Various issues: how, on which side and is it necessary?

For insulation of roofing overlap made of wood and concrete, the vapor permeability of the insulation is of great importance. So, all insulation that are manufactured today in the form of plates and rolls can be divided into "cotton" and "foam", as construction contractors like it.

We will draw the heat-insulating materials from organic and mineral fibers - this is mineral wool, stone wool and glass wool insulation. All these materials are formed by hardening the plastic mass of the most different chemical origin. And all these materials are about the same thermal conductivity coefficient: in the range of 0.04.

All these materials consist of fibers that are intertwined with each other. They do not form any closed pores, and the water vapor easily penetrates and removes through them. Therefore, all cotton heaters are vapor-permeable materials. For which their fibers in production conditions are additionally covered with a special water repellent substance, and insulation are also hydrophobic: water molecule from water vapor is not allowed to penetrate inside and soak the insulation. It can only be attached to its surface, and when the critical mass accumulates, it is transformed into a drop and roll down. It turns out that hydrophobized cotton insulation is not a wetral vapor-permeable material.

Therefore, so far scientists from all over the world can not come to an unequivocal conclusion: vapor permeability construction insulation - is it good or bad. Let's just say that if you equip the attic overlap on wooden beams, you'd better put vapor-permeable materials on it so that wooden rafters that took moisture from the lower residential premises (and the water vapors are always up), they could pass it easily into the insulation . And from the insulation, they will easily come out outside - enough through end-to-end ventilation. But in terms of insulation overlap over concrete, there is no special difference. But here there is a point: when used parley-permeable insulation It is important that that the attic of such a attic is organized by all the rules, and does not prevent a separate ventilation system.

Note that there are no fibers in foam insulation, since such material is literally from the air. All foam insulation consist of a cellular structure, with closed bubbles and not closed, like a kitchen sponge. Therefore, such thermal insulators can be both vapor-permeable and non-param. For example, extrusion polystyrene foam, which is more known as a foam, passes water pairs between the balls, but the extrusion polystyrene foam is no longer.

What is interesting, you can use not only one type of insulation, and at once two to compensate for the shortcomings of each other. But at the same time, thermal insulation material with less vapor permeability must necessarily lie in front of the insulation with high vapor permeability. That is, first polystyrene foam, then wool. Otherwise, in the opposite case, the material with less vapor permeability will be a specific parobarrier for another material, he will simply start rotting and moisture will now go out.

How to insulate concrete overlap attic

If we are talking about the insulation of the attic overlap of concrete, then thermal insulation must be necessarily in the form of two or three layers with overlapping of the joints of each bottom layer. Moreover, it is very important that the entire surface is aligned so that anywhere there is no irregularities more than 5 millimeters - this is not difficult to achieve with modern leveling mixtures.

For concrete attic floors, the plates of extruded polystyrene is ideally suited as thermal insulation. They do not need vapor barrier, but if you put a foam - this is not extruded polystyrene foam, and then, of course, needed.

Additionally, if you need to walk later by this overlapping, you can make a cement-sand tie up to 4 centimeters and put two layers plasterboard sheets. Just be sure to do for such a screed path from the masonry grid, for which you will walk. Be sure to cross the joints between the plates of polystyrene foam scotch, so that cement milk proceeds between the plates.

The attic overlap itself is permissible to insulate both at the stage of manufacture and in almost any time of operation of the house itself. Of course, for the attic much more correctly insulate the overlap before you come to your new home.

In more detail about the process itself:

How to insulate wooden overlap attic

So, there are two main ways of insulation of the attic overlap: laying the thermal insulating layer inside the design of the attic overlap, and laying the insulation on top of it. For a cold and non-residential attic to cover something over the insulation and build a full-fledged floor is not necessary. But then, be sure to leave the running gearboxes - separate paths from the rarefied flooring throughout the attic area, it is necessary to maintain the roof.

Under the insulation you need to put vapor barrier, and in the form of a trough, so that it can protect the insulation from water vapor, which comes from the lower residential premises. But from this rule there is an exception: if the insulation was laid with good resistance, for example, this is a foam or extruded polystyrene foam, then vaporizolation is not needed here. But if we are talking about the attic with a particularly wet regime, for example, above the kitchen or sauna, the vaporizolation layer here needs to be installed serious.

Another method is tensioned when vaporizolation is just running between the beams. The disadvantage of this method is that the insulation between the beams turns out to be inserted insufficiently tightly.

And if the overlap is also made of ready-made firms, then this option is not suitable at all, because such emptiness quickly become so-called cold bridges. Therefore, a method in Russia is more popular in which the insulation is first stacked, then it is covered with vaporizolation, and only then - the finish line.

So, here's what the whole process of insulation looks like:

Step 1. A vaporizolation is fixed between beams with a construction stapler.
Step 2. Next cutting plates of mineral wool so that their width respectively the beam steps.
Step 3. These plates are neatly inserted into the gap between the beams.
Step 4. For a while, while the ceiling is not yet ready, so that the insulation does not fall out between the beams, it is supported by draft bars or stretched specifically for this durable thread.
Step 5. Next, the diffuse membrane on top of the insulation is quickly mounted - so that the steam through it easily went out, and the droplets from the tube did not penetrate inside.

But we note about the last step also such a moment. Many experts believe that for insulation, no diffuse membranes or windproof films no need, because in a cold attic heat insulation will be dried by natural ventilation Convection air flows that easily penetrate through holes and auditory windows.

How to leave running ladders in insulation

If you use soft thermal insulation materials for insulation of the attic overlap, you need to make running ladders over them - but only so that the cold bridges do not get. Therefore, it is better to take either tough materials, or insert the legs of the lads directly into the insulation.

That's all the tricks of insulation of the attic overlap of different types!