Any estate, be it country cottage or private house must be provided with water. Without life-giving moisture, no cultivated plants can grow, delighting the eye with exuberant flowering, and fully bear fruit. A well for water with your own hands, despite the seeming grandeur of the process, is a very real possibility of water extraction, which can be done independently without the use of heavy drilling equipment. There are several methods of drilling that are quite simple to perform and do not involve the use of expensive equipment and significant efforts.

Extraction of water can be carried out by applying different technologies... The main types of water wells used for the extraction of life-giving moisture:

• Arrangement of a well, which, in the presence of a good spring, fills up quickly and, being an excellent water storage, can hold up to 2 cubic meters of water;
• Filter well on sand, which is a pipe d = 100 mm, submerged with a screw to a depth of 20-30 meters. At the deepened end of the pipe, a stainless mesh is fixed, which acts as a filter, being immersed in the sand of a coarse fraction. The well depth is 10-50 meters, the service life is 5-15 years.
• A filterless artesian well used to extract water from porous limestone rock formations. The well depth is 20-100 meters, the service life is about 50 years.

The exact depth of the water well cannot be determined in advance. This will be roughly the same depth as a similar well drilled in adjacent areas, or a nearby well. Since deviations are possible due to uneven occurrence of soil layers, acquire casing follows on the basis of the parameters of the water supply sources already equipped at the site, but with a slight adjustment.

The design of the water well is a kind of narrow well

The service life of wells directly depends on the intensity of use: the more often you use the structure, the longer it will last

Drilling a well by hand

To carry out the work, the drill itself, a drill tower, a winch, rods and casing pipes are required. A drill tower is necessary when digging a deep hole, with the help of this structure, a drill with rods is immersed and lifted.

The easiest way to drill a water well is rotary, which is carried out by rotating the drill

When drilling shallow wells, the drill string can be removed manually, without the need for a tower at all. Drill rods can be made of pipes, products are connected using keys or threads. The lowest bar is additionally equipped with a drill.

The cutting attachments are made from 3 mm sheet steel. When sharpening the edges of the nozzles, it should be taken into account that when the drill mechanism rotates, they must cut into the soil clockwise.

The drilling technology, familiar to most homeowners, is applicable to the installation of a well under water.

The tower is installed above the drilling site, its height should exceed the height of the drill rod in order to facilitate the extraction of the rod when lifting. Then a guide recess for the drill is dug onto two bayonets of the shovel. The first turns of rotation of the drill can be performed by one person, but as the pipe sinks, additional help will be required. If the drill does not come out the first time, turn it counterclockwise and try again.

As the drill deepens, the rotation of the pipe becomes more difficult. Softening the soil with water will help to facilitate the work. As the drill moves down, every half meter, the drill structure should be brought to the surface and freed from the soil. The drilling cycle is repeated again. At the stage when the tool handle is level with the ground, the structure is built up with an additional knee.

Since lifting and cleaning the drill takes a significant part of the time, you should maximize the capabilities of the structure, capturing and extracting as much of the soil layer as possible to the surface.

When working on loose soils, it is necessary to additionally install casing pipes in the well, which prevent the soil from shedding from the walls of the hole and blocking the well.

Drilling continues until it enters the aquifer, which is easily identified by the condition of the excavated land. Passing the aquifer, the drill sinks even deeper until it reaches the next aquifer, the water-resistant layer. Submersion to the level of the water-resistant layer will ensure the maximum flow of water into the well. It is important to note that manual drilling is applicable only for submersion to the first aquifer, the depth of which does not exceed 10-20 meters.

To pump out dirty water, you can use a hand pump or a submersible pump. After two or three buckets of dirty water, the aquifer is flushed out and clean water usually appears. If this does not happen, the well should be buried another 1-2 meters.

You can also apply manual way drilling based on the use of a conventional drill and hydraulic pump:

Rock drill technology

The essence of this method, how to make a well for water with your own hands, is that the rock is broken with the help of a driven glass - a heavy tool falling from the height of an equipped tower.

To carry out the work, a home-made drilling rig is needed, as well as tools for using the percussion-rope method and extracting soil from the well.

The well tower, which looks like an ordinary tripod, can be made of both steel pipes and ordinary wooden logs. The dimensions of the structure should be proportional to the dimensions of the downhole tool.

The optimal ratio is the height of the derrick, which exceeds the length of the downhole nozzle by one and a half meters.

The process consists in alternately lowering the driving nozzle, which breaks and captures the rock, and lifting to the surface with the captured blade of the drilling tool.

To equip the drilling rig, you can use a steel pipe, the end of which is equipped with a cutting device. Cutting edge reminiscent of outward appearance half a turn of the auger, will contact directly with the bottom. Half a meter from the edge, a hole must be made in the steel pipe through which the extracted soil can be extracted, emptying the drill bit. A cable is attached to the top of the glass, with the help of which the glass will be lowered and its contents removed to the surface. The glass should be freed from the ground as the structure is deepened for every half meter.

Here is a video example of conducting exploration drilling in this way:

Nuances of installing casing pipes

A do-it-yourself well dug under water requires additional casing, which can be made both from a solid asbestos-cement pipe, and from separate cuts of asbestos pipes. When working with cuts Special attention given an equal diameter of pipes in order to ensure subsequent unhindered immersion of the entire structure. Each pipe link is kept from slipping and secured with staples, which are then hidden under stainless steel strips.

A well for water with your own hands can also be "cased" with steel or plastic pipes

Pipe “casing” is required:

• to prevent wall shattering during drilling;
• to prevent well clogging during operation;
• to cover the upper aquifers with poor water.

A pipe with a filter made of a fine mesh that does not pass a grain of sand and provides water filtration is lowered to the bottom of the well. The pipe lowered to the required depth is secured with a clamp. This will prevent spontaneous subsidence.

With a competent arrangement of a well for water, the above-ground part of the structure is covered by a caisson - a head that protects the source from pollution.

The head is a tank with a closing hatch with a hole diameter allowing easy access to the water well

Over time, the effect of a slight "squeezing" of the pipe out of the soil may be observed. The natural process of spontaneous lifting of the pipe to the surface of the soil does not require additional burial measures.

Drilling wells with water is also called hydrodrilling. This method resembles conventional rotary rope drilling. During work, the soil on the site is washed out under the pressure of water. This method is not used for every case, so only loose soil, sandy loam, sandy soils can be drilled. To drill hard and rock formations, you will have to resort to traditional complex methods. Water well drilling technology is completely unsuitable when it is required to drill through layers of clay. Therefore, before starting work, it is necessary to conduct a hydrogeological study, which will show how the specified method is applicable for a given site.

The very process of drilling wells with water is simple. For work, you need to prepare the equipment and the casing in advance, which will be lowered into the well. Water is also required for drilling. Hydrochloric acid is added to it, the concentration of which will be 1: 20,000. This avoids possible contamination of the soil during drilling and the aquifer.

It takes a little time to drill wells with water, but it is important to prepare and calculate everything in advance.... The maximum borehole depth, which is obtained as a result of using this method, is 15 m. The diameter can be from 50 mm to 300 mm. After all the casing pipes have been installed, it is necessary to cement the outer part of the well to a depth of 3 m.

Features of hydrodrilling a well with water pressure

For drilling wells with water used simple technology... First, you need to equip pits, which will receive water for drilling. They should be located approximately 1-1.5 m from the future well.

A drilling rig is mounted closer to the wellhead, which will supply water under pressure. Additionally, a small filter pit is being built, which communicates with the rest by means of a trench.

The pump for water supply is placed near the wellhead, one hose is lowered into the pit, and the second is located at the rig, it will descend into the wellbore. The communication between the tip and the swivel is carried out by a barbell.

In order not to waste extra time, you should pre-order a hydrogeological study. It will show if there is an aquifer on the site, at what depth it lies.

You need to make sure whether it fits exactly this technology for the type of soil that is on the site.

A fairly simple drilling rig is used for work. It consists of a supply pump, hoses for supply and discharge of drilling fluid, a swivel. Several pits will have to be made around the well, which act as filters and drainage of waste solutions.

In order not to contaminate the soil, a special solution is used that does not cause any harm not only to the soil, but also to the aquifer. The water remains clean and drinkable. It must be remembered that the maximum depth of the source will be 15 m, that is, the well is made on sand. All this requires constant care behind the source.

Drilling technology

A specific technology is used for drilling wells with water. The following stages of work are observed:

1. First, you need to properly assemble the drill bit, prepare a mixture for washing, clay mud.
2. The water is used to erode the soil. And the clay solution is a substance that will help strengthen the walls after the well is ready. The drilling fluid itself must be selected depending on what kind of soil is in the area. Specialists who will conduct a preliminary study for the presence of an aquifer at the site can help.
3. If preparatory work finished (casing, mud and clay prepared), you can start assembling the drilling rig.
4. Through the pump, the solution is supplied to the hoses, then a swivel is taken, which provides water supply to the tip. Under strong pressure, water destroys the soil, begins to wash the rock upward.
5. The spent solution is sent to the pit, here the destroyed soil immediately settles to the bottom, and the solution itself enters the earthen bowl, goes into the ground, and then reaches the tip of the drilling rig.
6. Drilling of the well by pressure continues, gradually more and more rock is being removed. It is important to make sure that no clay and boulders come across on the way. In this case, drilling must be carried out using traditional method, i.e., borax.
7. As you progress through the hole, it is necessary to lower the casing into it. It strengthens the walls, prevents soil shattering.
8. When the required depth is reached and water comes from the aquifer, the drilling process must be stopped.

When the well is ready, cementing is performed at the top 3 m in depth.

It serves as a strengthening. A caisson should be installed at the top, if necessary, an automatic equipment and a hydraulic accumulator are immediately mounted.

Well workover

When using wells and boreholes, a situation often arises when water quality deteriorates or productivity drops to a level that makes it difficult to use the source. In this case, repair is required, you can do it yourself.

There are many reasons for well failure, among them it should be noted:

1. The installed filters are clogged. Repairs are only required when the pollution has become too strong and water stops flowing upstairs. Regular equipment inspections and maintenance can help reduce clogging. The filter can also fail due to sand compaction if the well is used only in summer.
2. If the springs are not regularly cleaned and maintained, the water can become dirty and not drinkable. The reasons are the pollution of the pipes, the aquifer. To accurately determine the cause, it is necessary to call specialists who will determine exactly what measures are required for cleaning.
3. If the barrel is heavily contaminated, then it is necessary to perform flushing work. To do this, water should be pumped under pressure into the well in order to wash all the dirt up. It is important to immediately provide for the drainage of dirty water away from the source so as not to contaminate it again.
4. Cleaning can be done with air, which is also supplied under pressure. To provide such pressure, it will be necessary to use special equipment, compressor.
5. The simplest and most profitable method is to pump water and then pump it out using a small and specially designed pump. The method is simple, water is pumped under pressure and then discharged outside.

Hydrodrilling is a method that works well for loose or sandy soil. Almost anyone can make such a well; it does not take much time and effort.

A well for water production is a rather complex structure. Many people today are interested in drilling water wells: process technology, tools and equipment for performing work. The quality of water from a well or well depends on their design. The service life depends on the quality of the work performed.

How to drill a water well

Before drilling a well for water, you must choose a place for it. It should be a plot of land with an approximate size of 4x12 m. If the house has not yet been built, then it is better to choose a place in the future basement. If the house has already been installed, then it is better to drill closer to the foundation. To the place of work, it is necessary to ensure the passage of the drilling rig and the water truck. At a distance of about 2 m from the location of the drill, there should be no electrical wires... Such measures are required general rules drilling wells under water.

There are several drilling methods. But for any of them, the following operations must be performed:

• crushing the rock;
• excavation of the crushed earth outward;
• strengthening of the borehole walls.

How is the rock crushing done? This is done with the help of special rock-cutting devices. It can be explosive energy, electrical or thermal. But all these types are used quite rarely. Much more often they use others: augers, glasses, hand drills.

They take the soil out in the following ways:

• hydraulic;
• mechanical;
• pneumatic;
• combined.

The hydraulic method is carried out with water, clay solution or other technical liquid. Mechanical - using special drills, augers, a bailer. With the pneumatic method, the crushed rock is removed with a strong jet compressed air... With the combined method, several of these methods are used.

The technology recommends fastening the walls of the well to water with metal casing pipes. Most often these are solid-drawn pipes on a threaded or welded joint... Other options are rarely used. But it is not recommended to use stainless steel(very expensive!) and galvanized metal.

When drilling a well for water, flushing is often used. This is a method in which water is pumped into the well using pumps. It then rises together with the crushed rock and settles in a special sump. Drillers determine the section of the site by the subsided rock. The water then makes a new circle. The rising clay solution strengthens the walls and prevents them from collapsing.

The process of drilling a well implies its sequential casing with pipes. The drilling of wells for water is completed by pumping them, which is carried out until a completely transparent liquid flows.

Water drilling methods

The technology of drilling a well under water allows you to work in several ways:

• auger;
• rotary;
• shock rope;
• manual.

Let's consider each of them in more detail.

Auger drilling of wells is the most common and affordable way... The auger in the form of a screw enters the soil and loosens it. Only dry and soft soil can be drilled. Augers are completely unsuitable for quicksands. This tool breaks down the rock and lifts it up the wellhead. Augers are available in diameters from 60 to 800 mm. They can be drilled to a depth of 60 m, sometimes up to 100 m. Auger drilling of wells is impossible on rocky soils.

The rotary method is the continuous action of a tool called a rotor. It revolves constantly. The rock is washed out with a clay solution. This method is relatively cheap and fast enough. But in cold weather, it requires insulation of the system through which the water circulates. Drilling is carried out using machines:

• URB-2A2;
• MBU-2M;
• URB-2.5;
• URB-3AM.

URB-2A2 is capable of drilling soil to a depth of 55 m, URB-2.5 - up to 300 m, and URB-3AM - up to 500 m.

The shock-rope method is the most laborious. But you shouldn't forget it, as it is of the highest quality. The breed collapses after being hit by a heavy object. This is a specially shaped pointed glass made of steel pipe... It falls from a height, hits the ground, picks up the destroyed soil and rises. At the top, the glass is cleaned and thrown down again.

The drilling rig itself can be made by hand from pipes or from logs in the form of a triangular cone. This cone is equipped with a cable winch. The technology of drilling water wells does not require the use of mud. But the installation of casing pipes must be carried out in a timely manner. Such a rig can drill a diameter of 10-30 cm. But the depth cannot exceed 10 m. For drilling, you can use the UKS-22M2, UGB-50, UGB-1VS rigs.

The manual method is used quite often. With it, they use driven pipes or auger. The pipes are cut into pieces approximately 2-3 m long.At the ends they are cut external thread... A tip is welded onto the lower end of the pipe. It looks like a cone, the diameter of which is 1 cm larger diameter pipes. Above the tip, 60-100 cm of the pipe is drilled through 5 cm with a drill with a diameter of 6 mm. This will be a kind of filter. As the pipe deepens, it lengthens with couplings. But it's easier to do it the other way. You need to prepare for work:

• various borax;
• barbells;
• casing pipes;
• winch;
• drilling rig.

If the well is not very deep, there is no need for a rig. The work process is quite simple. You need to dig a hole about 50 cm deep, install the drill and start rotating it. It's better to work together. Every 50 cm, the drill is taken out of the ground and cleaned. This method is cheaper than the others, but has depth limitations.

Conclusion

The technology of drilling water wells implies breaking the rock, cleaning the wellbore, strengthening the walls and final equipment of the well with pipes, filters, pumps and faucets. drinking water... The well drilling process can be different. Deep pits are made using rotary well drilling technology. Often use auger drilling: its technology is quite simple and is used on personal sites. At a screw speed of 250 rpm, the whole process is quite fast.

With any well drilling technology, casing with special pipes is used to protect the walls from collapse and from the penetration of dirty water from the upper aquifers.

Shallow boreholes can be produced using the percussion-rope method. The manual method works well. Any drilling ends with the closure of the top of the water-bearing well with a special head. The necessary wires, hoses and pipes are passed through it to deliver water to the house.

Having their own well allows the homeowner to rely less on the central water supply (as much as possible), in addition, to prepare food and drinks based on natural pure water... Let's consider where to start the process of planning and drilling water wells.

Well type selection

Drilling water wells is a process that requires technical knowledge and some preparatory phases... First of all, it is necessary to determine what type of well to drill, and also to analyze whether the produced water is usable.

The wellbore can be:

• Filtrovym - sand well;
• Bezfiltrovym - an artesian well;
• Tubular well.

Artesian

It implies drilling to a depth of two hundred meters - porous limestone lies at this depth. The advantage of artesian water wells is uninterrupted water supply, regardless of the season, since the water will not freeze at such a depth. The well operation period reaches fifty years.

Drilling principle

Sandy

They drill to a depth of thirty meters. Such a well consists of a buried pipe, at the end of which a filter is installed that retains large mechanical impurities and sand. A sand well can provide water country cottage area or a small country house.

The advantage of the sand well is the ease of drilling and the relatively low cost of construction and maintenance of the well. The disadvantage is:

• low productivity;
• the likelihood of siltation;
• ingress of ground or surface water into the well.

In addition, a sand hole typically lasts no more than ten years.

Well

Scheme and installation of the Abyssinian well

The well, installed for the extraction of clean water, is called Abyssinian or tubular. It is drilled to a depth of fifteen meters, and the face is erected by the factory concrete rings... If there is a good spring on the site, the well quickly accumulates water.

When deciding on the type of well, take into account the volume of water you need for consumption and the regularity of water consumption. For example, a sand well will fully provide a summer cottage where they live only in the spring summer period.

If you need to provide water for the house in which they live all year round, an artesian well is suitable, as the most acceptable option autonomous water supply.

To approach the technology of drilling under the well reasonably and without disastrous consequences, you should pay attention to several important nuances.

Intensity. With uncontrolled and massive water intake, the so-called suffusion of the soil can begin, as a result of which it sinks deep enough, which is especially deplorable for areas with residential buildings.

Depth. At self drilling on the plain in Russia, the critical depth is considered to be twenty meters. If you want to drill deeper, ask the specialists how much this work costs, and you will be pleasantly surprised, since drilling a deep well yourself will cost much more.

Term of use. The period of operation of any well depends greatly on how often and how much water will be taken from it. If you use a sand well rationally, it can last 15 years, and an artesian one will wither in five years if you pump water out of it uncontrollably.

Exploration drilling and water analysis

Exploration drilling is carried out to determine a quality water source at the site, as well as to analyze the produced water. Sometimes it serves as a temporary source until the final decision on the capital well is made. The scouting table is called a needle.

This requires a drill rod, drill string and casing that will be one piece. The drill remains in the ground. Such a well is performed by percussion technology. No special drilling tools are required for this. Driving is up to three meters per hour, and the maximum depth is up to fifty meters.

The simplest filter will have a spear-shaped tip at its end, a hole pipe in the middle, and a ball valve at the top.

The water obtained in this way is given to any laboratory for research. natural resources to check for minerals, activity of hydrogen ions, content of metals, alkalis, dissolved acids.

Drilling methods

Drilling methods are classified according to two parameters.

Depending on the mechanism used, drilling can be:

• Mechanical;
• Manual.

Depending on how the borax works:

• Rotational shock method;
• Shock;
• Rotational.

Consider what is remarkable about each technology for drilling water wells and how it is performed.

Manual way

Suitable for self-fulfillment process in the presence of all the right tools... Such a well will be no more than thirty meters, the soil is punched out until it reaches the water layer.

This will require casing pipes, rods, a winch and drill heads of various parameters. When creating a deeper hole, a drill tower is needed to lift and sink the drill.

If the rod was not found, it can be made by connecting the pipes with veneer or thread. A drill head is attached to the end of the lower rod. The process looks like this:

1. A tower is placed over the place of the proposed well so that it is slightly higher than the length of the rod.
2. Dig a small hole for the drill with a shovel.
3. Insert the drill into the recess and rotate. Help may be needed because the drill will become more difficult to move as it goes deeper.
4. After breaking through half a meter, stop, remove the drill and clean it from the adhering earth.
5. When you reach the water layer, pump out three to four buckets of groundwater.

The last step is necessary to eliminate dirty water and can be done with a submersible pump.

Rotary method

This is a rotary method that is most commonly used when drilling a deep hole. To do this, you need a special installation equipped with a pipe. This pipe contains a rotating shaft and chisel. The impact on the bit is performed by a hydraulic unit. The soil from the drilled well is washed out with a special solution.

Thus, the pipe is located above the drilling site and, when the shaft and bit rotate, breaks through the soil. The liquid can be fed along the wellbore from top to bottom, then the solution, washing out the earth, comes out through the annulus. This method is called direct flushing.

Can be applied and backwash, in which the solution flows by gravity into the annulus and, after piercing, is pumped out by a submersible pump.

Shock rope method

The method is based on the fall of the heaviest tool, usually a driven nozzle, from the tower at the location of the proposed well. If you want to independently apply the shock-rope technology, you will need:

• Strong rope;
• Bottom hole - usually solid metal pipe suspended from a rope;
• Soil cleaning tools.

Technology and sequence of actions:

1. A tower is made in the form of a tripod from steel pipes or strong logs. The height depends on the length of the downhole nozzle and must exceed it by 1.5 meters.
2. The downhole nozzle is made of a steel pipe, at the end of which there is a cutting device.
3. A cable is attached to the top of the glass.
4. By adjusting the cable, the glass is quickly released to the place of breakdown.
5. The earth is removed from the glass every half a meter drilled.

To create a deep well, installations of the UGB-1VS type are attracted.

Auger method

The method took its name from the main tool used - auger or Archimedean screw. It looks like a drill rod to which the blades are spirally welded. By rotating such an auger, the earth is brought to the surface and collected.

For a deeper well, you will need to rent, since a self-made auger drills no more than ten meters in depth.

It should be noted that it is suitable only if the soil is rich in sandy rock. In addition, if the auger collides with a stone on its way, you will have to look for another place to break through the soil and stop working.

Column method

It is used less and less today for drilling wells under water. It is more often used for hydrogeological research. For this, equipment of the ZIF-650 type is used, which extracts a column of soil, creating a so-called column.

Diagram of a core bit for drilling a well under water

The destruction of the soil is carried out in an annular way, then it is washed out. The speed of such arrangement is quite high, in addition, it allows penetrating hard rocks, but it requires large expenses for renting serious geological equipment.

The presence of a well on suburban area is often necessary condition to create comfort. Many people prefer to have an independent source even if there is a centralized water supply. The absence of this makes it necessary to extract water from the bowels. The state of the art has greatly expanded the drilling capabilities. But a do-it-yourself water well remains a reality and an inexpensive way to provide it.

Providing water is the primary task in the arrangement of any living space. Today, there are several ways to extract water:

• well;
• Abyssinian well:
• sand well;

• artesian well.

Arrangement of a well is a laborious and therefore expensive process.

Its disadvantage is also the fact that water is drawn from upper layers, which creates a high probability of ingress of contaminants, both external and entering through the upper layers of the soil. The amount of water is limited, the average flow rate is 0.5 cubic meters per hour. The well requires constant cleaning and repair, all these processes are carried out manually.

A well is a more modern, reliable, durable and affordable way of producing water. You can drill a well for water on any land plot. Depending on the depth of the aquifers, the type of structure is selected: Abyssinian well, sand or artesian well. If the aquifer is located at a depth of 12 m, an Abyssinian well is drilled. If this indicator is 50 m, water can be extracted using a sand well. Artesian is necessary if the water is at a depth of up to 200 m.

The Abyssinian well has a small diameter, surface dirt and dust do not get into it. Cheap and reliable option with a moderate amount of water use. The sand well has an average flow rate of 1.5 cubic meters per hour. This is a filter view, i.e. on the water-bearing sand is placed from polymers or stainless steel. The artesian well is filterless, the water is supplied clean, without impurities. The flow rate ranges from 5 to 100 cubic meters per hour.

A diagram of the principle of operation of a well for water (sandy appearance) gives a visual representation of its internal structure.

The choice of the type of well is an extremely important and responsible process.

Helpful advice! If there is no information about the depth of the water layer, it is not worthwhile to determine the type of well without preliminary exploration. This can lead to unplanned additional costs and unexpectedly low production rates.

Basic ways drilling wells for water

Appointment of the caisson. Prices and characteristics of the most popular models.

Tools used whendrilling water wells with your own hands

When arranging a water well with your own hands great importance It has correct selection tools. It determines the speed and quality of work.

The drilling tool should be made of durable and wear-resistant material, preferably steel. You can buy it in a store, or you can make it yourself and be sure of its quality. The main tools used when self-drilling a well:

• spoon. It consists of a steel hollow cylinder, which has a threaded head in the upper part for connecting to the rods, and in the lower part there is a cutting edge. The body has a longitudinal slot with one edge bent inward, and the second is sharpened and can work like a blade when rotating. A drill spoon can be made in a workshop where there is lathe and a forge. These fixtures have diameters of 70,140 and 198 mm. This size of the spoon should be 10 mm larger than the diameter of the pipes lowered after drilling;
• chisel. The wellbore is rounded off by turning the bit 15–20 degrees after each hit. The tool is made by forging from one piece of ductile steel. Its sharpening angle is 90 degrees. Chisels have a diameter of 74, 108, 147 mm. Small-sized devices can be made in workshops where there is at least a small forge, as well as turning and planing machines;

• bailer. Its body consists of an iron or steel pipe, to the top of which a fork with a tapered thread is attached for hanging from a rope or attaching to working rods. In the lower part, the pipe is equipped with a steel cutting shoe with a valve. The bailer body can be made of casing or gas pipe 1–2 m long;
• screw. It has flat spirals with rapid pitch. At the end of the tool there is a hammer that breaks the rock, and flat spirals bring it to the surface. The efficiency of the auger can be increased by using a small motor to rotate, for example, from a saw, a motor plow, etc.;
• Cup. Represents regular pipe with pointed bottom ends. Working with it consists in lifting and dropping it from a height of 2-3 m to the bottom. Sharp ends cut the rock and pull it away from the face;
• barbell. It is used for percussion and rotary drilling. On it, a tool is lowered to the bottom of the hole, while it rotates, drilling is carried out, with its help, destroyed rock is removed to the surface. The rods are subjected to compressive, tensile, bending and twisting loads. As this instrument you can use square or round steel rods, as well as water pipes with a reinforced wall.

Turnkey water well price

The cost of a turnkey water well, the price per meter of drilling, is a complex value influenced by a number of circumstances. First of all, it depends on the location of the object and the specifics of the area. Geological sections in the territory of one region are heterogeneous, the distribution of aquifers is different. As a result, drilling water wells costs differently in each area. In addition, soil composition and landscape matter.

• development area;
• the technique used;
• fare;
• the depth of the aquifers;
• installation of equipment;
• direct work on drilling and pumping a well for water;
• type of well, features of its technical equipment.

First, a qualified study of the soil is carried out, as a result of which the technology and equipment are selected. Since all the work of drilling a water well is carried out by one company, you can save time and effort by getting water in the shortest possible time.

Water supply of a private house from a well: layout of the main elements

The device of a well for water in a private house and connecting a water supply to it will not cause difficulties if you correctly draw up a diagram and purchase quality equipment... The water supply scheme for a private house from a well contains 3 main components:

• source (well);
• pumping station;
• pipeline.

These main components are equipped with additional:

• well caisson;
• automation;
• cleaning filters;

• water heater.

To connect the water supply to the house, pipes must be laid. If you do not plan to arrange insulation in the form of a cement tunnel (which is troublesome and time-consuming), you need to dig a trench that will lower them below the freezing point. Another option for insulation can be fiberglass foil materials.

Raw materials for pipes are used in different ways: there are several types of metal and an even greater variety of non-metal, polymer products.

Helpful advice! When replacing or gasket water pipes it should be remembered that contact with water and the formation of condensation will certainly lead to the appearance of corrosion on metal products... Plastic pipes are not subject to corrosion.

Well pumps: key features

When arranging pumping station one of the main mechanisms is the pump. The choice of this unit is extremely important.

By the way of operation, pumps are divided into 2 types:

• superficial;
• submersible (deep).

Surface pumps pump water from wells, the depth of which does not exceed 8 m. They are installed on the surface, the installation method is quite simple.

For great depths, submersible pumps should be chosen. They are of several types:

• centrifugal. They work due to the centrifugal force created by the paddle wheel blades when the shaft rotates;
• screw (or screw). Pumping liquid occurs due to its movement along the axis of the screw in the chamber formed by the helical grooves and the surface of the body;

• vortex. The basis of the design is a wheel with blades, placed in a housing and attached to a shaft. Powered by centrifugal vortex force;
• vibrating. They work due to vibrations of the membrane, from which a pressure difference arises, and the liquid is pumped into the water supply system.

The main parameters that should be taken into account when choosing a pump for a well:

• performance;
• power;
• well depth, flow rate and diameter;

• price.

Price submersible pumps for water wells is much higher than for surface ones. This is due to their greater power, performance, design and installation features. Among the submersibles, the most productive and expensive are centrifugal pumps, among which screw types are popular. They have high specifications, good performance and reasonable price.

If it is necessary to deliver a small volume of water in a short time, it is better to give preference to a vortex pump. The vibration device is more often used with a target orientation - to shake the well. Prolonged exposure to vibration can damage the downhole structure closest to the pump.

Helpful advice! When deriving well parameters, some indicators are relative values. Therefore, when buying a pump, it is worth choosing a suitable model with a performance margin.

You can buy a hand pump for water from a well. It requires physical effort, but it is much more reliable, much cheaper, easier to repair and more durable in operation. Hand pumps are of several types:

• vane. Principle of operation: under the influence of a hand lever, the wing rotates, activating the suction element;
• piston. The pressure is generated at the outlet;
• rod. They operate on the same principle as piston ones. The piston is significantly elongated, resembles a barbell, hence the name;
• membrane. The operation is based on the reciprocating movements of the membrane.

When choosing a hand pump for water from a well, it is first of all necessary to take into account the depth of the water reservoir. The deepest of hand pumps is a piston pump (up to 30 m), a diaphragm pump is effective up to 8–10 m. All types of hand pumps can fully replace the surface pump.

The Basics of Correct Well Operation

The cost of repairing a well for water is always high, since this process is complex and labor-intensive. It is not always possible to do this on your own. In order for the well to supply water for a long time and fully, the following rules must be followed when it starts:

1. It is necessary to turn on the pump smoothly for the first time. It is necessary to turn the valve on the head, starting from minimum value drainage, and bring to the optimum value.
2. The duration of the first water withdrawal must be at least two hours.
3. During operation, it is necessary to avoid excessively short-term switching on of the pumping station.
4. Systematic and significant water withdrawal in the first months of operation will ensure a constant flow of water and full functioning of the well.

Helpful advice! At the beginning of using water from a well, it is imperative to take a sample for chemical analysis of the composition. This will allow you to be sure of useful properties water used as drinking, and will also make it possible to properly operate the water supply system as a whole.

Diy water well: possible problems and ways to solve them

Even with the payment of the required cost of a turnkey water well, when the work was performed by professionals, it is not always possible to avoid troubles during use. Most frequent problems during well operation:

• silting up:
• contaminated water;
• weak flow.

If the well is not used systematically, but only during the summer period, silting is almost inevitable. There is no need to flush the structure in such a situation, but intensive pumping is needed.

Contaminated water can become due to the ingress of soil, intermediate waters. The most common cause is casing leakage. Repair is needed, it can be significant if casing replacement is required, and not just patching up individual areas.

Helpful advice! When purchasing materials for the arrangement of casing pipes for a water well, the price of which belongs to the budget, it is not worth choosing: the efficiency of the most expensive pumping station can be reduced to zero precisely because of the problems of depressurization. Plastic rings are reliable and convenient when mounting the casing.

Weak flow may be causing the filter to be clogged. The solution to this problem is to clean or replace the filter as a whole.

To figure out how to make a water well with your own hands, or order a turnkey, accepting the conditions and cost of a water well already in finished version, - everyone decides for himself. Price cannot be a priority, just like the manufacturer of the equipment. The main thing is that the output has the quality and quantity of water, which is necessary for daily consumption and life support.