Warming the floor in a private house is not an easy task. If in multi-storey buildings the floors are insulated at the expense of the lower floor, then in a private house the situation is exactly the opposite. Cold air emanates from the ground, which makes the task of owners of private houses much more difficult. Therefore, the owners of private houses pay Special attention the issue of floor insulation in your home.

Of course, modern technology has solved this problem, and in more than one way. Exists three types of floor insulation in private houses:

• insulated screed;
• insulated wooden flooring;
• various floor heating systems.

The easiest and cheapest way to make a floor is to fill its surface with a screed. A mixture of sand and cement is much cheaper than other building materials, but this type of floor has the biggest drawback - it just emits cold. In winter, without slippers, walk on concrete screed completely impossible. But today modern technology has solved this problem. Insulation is laid under the screed layer, which, although a little, solves this problem. As insulation materials Expanded clay, granulated slag and polystyrene are suitable. Modern craftsmen generally give preference to foam.

The sectional structure of our concrete screed will resemble a pie, which has several layers. First, foam is laid on the surface of the floor for insulation, and then the screed is poured. The process of pouring a concrete screed takes place in about five steps:

• The first stage is waterproofing the surface. It is best to lay out special waterproofing materials to avoid the appearance of mold and various fungi. For this task, a material such as dense polyethylene film, which is laid out directly on the surface of the soil. But it is best to use a special waterproof barrier, which is made of bituminous mastic;
• The second stage is gluing around the entire perimeter along the walls at a height of up to 15 cm of porous foam vinyl material. This material ensures the plasticity of the foam at temperature extremes and protects it from crackling;
• The third stage is the laying of the foam itself. The foams should slide tightly against each other. If concrete mortar gets into the cracks formed, then cold can penetrate from there, which makes our work completely useless. Therefore, the gaps that appear are filled with polyurethane foam;
• The fourth stage is the reinforcement of the screed. A concrete screed without foam reinforcement will not last even one year. A few months are enough for the concrete screed to start cracking and in less than one year it will simply crumble into pieces. Therefore, reinforcement, one might say, is a prerequisite;
• The fifth stage is the screed itself. After the stage of reinforcement, the concrete solution itself is poured. The thickness of the concrete screed must be greater than 50 mm. The concrete mortar must be stronger than it should be, that is, the usual 1: 4 ratio is not suitable, it is better to use a 1: 3 ratio. Also, in order to avoid cracking of the screed, plasticizers are added to the concrete solution.

The process of warming a concrete screed goes something like this. Although the concrete screed is the cheapest and accessible view floor, but this is not enough to make your home cozy and comfortable. To do this, they also resort to using a variety of heating systems.

Concrete floor heating system in a private house

There are many options for floor heating in a private house. Basically, there are three types of heating:

• electric;
• infrared;
• water.

Best suited for heating concrete screed water heated floor... This system is pretty easy to use, so you can do it yourself. But the calculation and design of such a system is best left to professionals. If you think over such a system to the smallest detail and do not save on building materials, then it can serve for more than a dozen years.

The advantages of this system are more than enough, the first of which is the absolute energy savings due to the connection of the system to central heating... You not only have a heated floor that you can walk on barefoot, but also a heating system that is safe to use. Second, the installation and installation of a water heated floor does not require much labor and costs, so it is also possible to install such a system on your own.

How does an underfloor heating system work?

The main elements of a water-heated floor are polymer pipes in which circulates hot water... The system is connected to central heating or to individual boiler rooms, which is heated by liquid or solid fuel.

The temperature in the pipes is controlled by a thermostat, which is connected to the pipes. Thermostats are installed on the walls, and it is enough to set the required temperature in them for the system to work. Automatic thermostats are the most convenient to use. Upon reaching the set temperature, the system is automatically cooled down.

Installation of a water heated floor takes place in three stages.

First, the soil itself is being prepared in which the pipes will be folded. The entire perimeter is cleared of debris, all drops and slopes will be leveled.

Secondly , substrates are placed under the pipes... This will help direct the heat upward and distribute it evenly throughout the room. Thermal insulation boards are perfect for this task, which also play the role of pipe holders.

Thirdly, the concrete screed itself is poured. The thickness of the poured screed must be at least 3 cm.

One of the disadvantages of a water floor heating is that it is categorically incompatible with wood. This system is only effective if your room is filled with concrete screed.

Wooden floor heating system in a private house

No need for underfloor heating special efforts, since wood is a warm material that does not need additional heating. The only thing that can be done is enhance its effectiveness due to additional heating systems. But by laying insulation, we can deprive our floor of conventional ventilation, which is why wood material deformed. Therefore, you need to calculate the waterproofing system and the more carefully you think over everything, the better.

To insulate a wooden floor, it is enough to lay mineral insulation under the flooring. It is not recommended to use polystyrene, as it does not allow air to pass through. And as a result, it is violated natural ventilation premises. All that can be done in this case is leave space between wood flooring and insulation. The space of 50 mm will be sufficient to ensure that natural ventilation is not disturbed.

Conclusion

Finally, we can say that making underfloor heating in a private house is not such a difficult task. With a responsible approach to business and careful design of the system, all the work can be done independently. But in modern houses the floor heating system has already been calculated and its happy owners do not think about such a problem.

Unlike an electric floor heating on a liquid heat carrier, it requires more complex calculations for integration into the heating system. Service life and coefficient useful action systems directly depend on the correct choice of materials, fittings, installation and heating operation scheme.

Selection of pipes for floor heating

In contrast to popular belief, the choice of pipes for installing a heat exchanger in the floor is not so wide. There are two options in total: XLPE and copper. The most obvious advantages of special materials are durability, deformation resistance, low coefficient of linear expansion. But the main advantage is the oxygen barrier, which ultimately prevents the formation of sediment on inner surface pipes.

The meaning of the use of copper in the high thermal conductivity of the tubes and corrosion resistance. An obvious disadvantage is the complexity of installation and a high risk of failure in the presence of solid particles (sand) in the coolant. Despite the fact that soldering requires only an inexpensive gas lamp and flux, bending the coil correctly is a difficult task. This is despite the fact that there can be several tens of turns of the copper tube, and one mistake, resulting in a break, leads to the rejection of the entire segment or the need for additional soldering.

Polymer (polyethylene) pipes have a higher coefficient of thermal expansion, in addition, they lose their strength properties when heated above operating temperatures, however, in warm floors, in principle, the coolant does not heat up above 40 ° C. Ease of installation is an obvious plus. Easy to bend and fit in a spiral or coil. The pipe is supplied in coils of 200 m each, allowing you to install underfloor heating without a single joint in the entire volume of the future screed. Most of the branded polyethylene pipes involve the use of special tools for crimping and welding.

Ensuring circulation

Hot water heating systems with underfloor heating do not work according to the gravitational principle and always remain volatile. Because of this, overheating occurs: failures in the circulation and recirculation system can supply 70-80 ° C, so the funds from saving on the use of polymer pipes should at least partially be spent on improving automation and auxiliary mechanisms.

The flow rate of the coolant in the tubes is strictly regulated by the manufacturer; assigning this task to the general circulation of the system means increasing the risk of malfunctions. A device must be installed in front of the manifold assembly. forced circulation, then each of the circuits is adjusted to adjust the required flow rate. This determines the maximum loop length of each circuit and the temperature difference at its beginning and end.

To pump water in the system, circulation pumps are used, designed for radiator heating systems. The diameter of the nozzles is determined by the required throughput of the pipe with which the pump is connected to the manifold. The lift height (or injection pressure) is determined by the total hydrodynamic resistance of pipes declared by their manufacturer for different loop configurations and bending radii. Each connection requires an increase in the lift height. Speed ​​control for underfloor heating pumps is not required, however, with accelerated circulation, more intensive pumping of the system is possible to quickly enter the mode.

Manifold assembly

When using more than one branch for floor heating, the presence of a manifold unit (comb) is strictly required. Self-soldering of the collector, even for two loops, will not give the desired result; it is almost impossible to balance the lines in the absence of uniform distribution and valve regulators.

The collector is selected both by the number of branches and by the total throughput. Essentially, it is a multi-channel flow regulator. Of the materials of the case, the most preferable stainless steel and high quality brass. For underfloor heating, two types of collectors can be used. If the difference in the length of the circuits is less than 20-30 meters, ordinary brass valves with ball valves are suitable. With a larger spread of hydrodynamic resistances, a specialized collector with flow regulators at each branch is needed.

Please note that it is not necessary to buy a double (supply + return) collector. Can be installed quality mixer with flow meters to the supply line, and to the return - a cheaper one with valve (not ball) valves. Separately, it is worth paying attention to what type of pipes is designed for manifold assembly... Most cheap products involve the connection of MP pipes, which are poorly suited for a warm floor and therefore are used less and less. For polyethylene circuits, it is better to spend money on reliable and proven REHAU collectors, for systems on copper pipes - Valtec and APE. The connection of copper pipes to the manifold is recommended through a flare and / or threaded fitting; direct soldering is not recommended due to the low maintainability of such connections.

Temperature preparation unit

The manifold itself is not the entire collector. When assembled, the mixing unit is completed with special fittings that ensure the adjustment of the water temperature before it is fed into the system. Both hot and cold water can be mixed, which fundamentally determines the specifics of the work of the two types of mixing.

Simple circuit inclusion of a warm floor. 1 - three-way valve; 2 - circulation pump; 3 - ball valve with a thermometer; 4 - distribution manifold with flow meters; 5 - return manifold with control valves; 6 - underfloor heating contour. The temperature control in the circuit is carried out manually and is highly dependent on the temperature of the heating medium at the inlet.

The first type uses a closed circulation cycle, mixing hot water with a three-way valve as needed. The disadvantage of the system is that in the event of malfunctions in the automation or the use of solid fuel boilers, a large number of hot water, which negatively affects the polymers, as well as the flooring and the microclimate in the room. Therefore, hot water pumping is practiced mainly in systems with copper pipes.

Ready-made mixing unit for underfloor heating. The temperature control and the degree of mixing of the coolant are carried out fully automatically.

For polyethylene circuits, more expensive collectors are preferable, mixing cold water from the return to reduce the incoming temperature. The complexity of such mixing units is due to the presence of an additional recirculation pump. Regulation can be carried out either by an adjustable two-way valve or by an electronic thermostat that controls the speed of the pump motor. The latter is an example of the struggle for accuracy and reduction of system inertia, by the way, very successful. However, such systems are volatile.

Whether to take the collector assembly - controversial issue... Of course, the availability of a guarantee is an obvious plus, but it is not always possible to find a model with the necessary piping and the number of taps, in such cases you will have to assemble the device yourself.

Insulation and storage layer

The cake of a water-heated floor is as follows: polymeric foam insulation, heating pipes and a heat-accumulating screed in the order from bottom to top. The thickness and materials used for the base layers must be selected in accordance with the operating parameters of the system.

Insulation is selected taking into account the planned heating temperature, or more precisely, the temperature difference between the warm and the subfloor. They mainly use EPS or PPU plates with butting edges. This material is practically incompressible under distributed load, while the resistance to heat transfer is one of the highest. Approximate thickness polymer insulation- 35 mm for a temperature difference of 30 ºС and then 3 mm for every 5 ºС.

Methods for installing a warm floor in a private house. Three options for fastening and distributing pipes are proposed: A - Use of special mounting mats for a warm floor. B - Installation on a reinforcing mesh with a step of 10 cm using plastic ties. C - Laying pipes in prepared gutters in insulation using reflective screens. Constructive execution underfloor heating: 1 - concrete base of the subfloor; 2 - insulation; 3 - damper tape; 4 - concrete screed; 5 - floor covering; 6 - reinforcing mesh.

In addition to protecting the pipes from damage, the screed regulates the inertia of the heating system and smooths out the temperature difference between the floor areas directly above the pipes and between them. If the boiler operates in a cyclic mode, the heated concrete will give off heat, even if there is temporarily no hot water supply. In case of accidental overheating, the heat-absorbing screed will provide temperature removal, eliminating pipe damage. The average screed thickness is 1 / 10-1 / 15 of the distance between adjacent pipes. By increasing the thickness, you can get rid of the thermal zebra effect with sparse piping. Naturally, the consumption of materials, as well as the inertia and time for the system to reach the mode will increase in this case.

When installing underfloor heating on the ground, it is necessary to pour 15-20 cm of an incompressible layer of ASG. Crushed stone can be replaced with expanded clay for additional thermal insulation. For insulated frame floors The underfloor heating can be laid directly on top of the waterproofing material, which covers the subfloor in order to avoid the release of cement laitance from the screed. V best case a layer of thermal cut-off made of polyurethane foam or EPS of 20-25 mm is arranged under the tubes. Even such a thin layer is enough to eliminate the cold bridges presented by supporting structure floor, and also to distribute the load from the screed.

Installation nuances

Installation of a water-heated floor should be carried out according to a pre-planned scheme. The collector requires a place equipped for installation, it can be either a boiler room or a compartment hidden in the wall. The rationale for installing intermediate manifolds depends on whether savings are achieved compared to laying pipes from a central distribution unit, and also whether such an increase in the length of the largest loop is acceptable. It is recommended to supply pipes to heating zones in rooms that do not require targeted floor heating: storerooms, corridors and others like them.

Fasten the underfloor heating pipes only to a special installation system. Perforated tape or the mesh provides accurate adjustment of the installation step, reliable fixation during the mixture solidification and the gaps necessary for the temperature solution.

The fixing of the installation system to the floor is carried out through the insulation without significant pressure. You need to fix it in the holes formed after bending the petals to crimp the tubes. Thus, the attachment points are located as close as possible to the heating elements, which excludes their floating, displacement or lifting of the entire system when pouring concrete.

Underfloor heating systems are very popular among homeowners. The best solution for creating heat in a private house may be the installation of a water floor. However, to do right choice and installing it indoors is a difficult task, since this process has its own nuances and requires some knowledge.

Features: pros and cons

A water-heated floor is a structure of a heating circuit consisting of pipes. They are connected to the main heating system.

The undoubted advantages of such a device are:

• Rational use of energy, which avoids significant waste of material resources. When such a system is installed, money costs for electricity are almost halved.
• Creation of coziness and comfort in the home.
• Even distribution of heat throughout the room.

• Enough high level safety due to the fact that the thermal fluid is located under the floor, so there is no risk of burns or injury.
• Undeniable compatibility with finishing materials... For example, the device is easily suitable for surfaces such as tiles, linoleum or laminate flooring. If materials with chemical additives are used, this should be indicated on the packaging. It should be checked whether the manufacturer permits the installation of such products in residential premises.
• Connection variability. So, you can connect directly to the main heating system, or you can create separate structure heat supply.

However, the underfloor heating system has some disadvantages:

• To obtain a low heating temperature, you need to have a mixer that works in conjunction with a water pump.
• Often leads to a decrease in central heating pressure.
• It takes a lot of time for installation due to the need to create a multi-layer installation.
• In the event of leaks, the entire coating must be opened, which may damage it.
• A warm water floor will not cope with heating the entire room, so there must be a boiler to heat the entire space.

In general, such a design has more advantages and will certainly become a savior in winter time of the year. It is not recommended to turn off the system in winter.

Wiring diagrams

According to the quality of the material, the following types of laying a warm water floor in a country cottage, in the country, are distinguished:

• Concrete... Here, a screed is used with the installation of waterproofing and thermal insulation, fixing pipes with a reinforcing mesh. As a fixing, tiles, stone or parquet boards are used as coverings.
• Polystyrene... This is a simple installation option using special polystyrene plates, which, after pressing, acquire a convex shape. Pipes are placed inside.
• Wooden floors.

For the latter, the wiring diagram is quite simple. For the device of such a heating method in private wooden houses, there are several methods for laying a water structure on a plank surface. Plastic pipes are installed under the floor. They provide hot water supply.

The maximum heating temperature of such surfaces is no more than 30 degrees, in otherwise drying of the wood flooring will begin.

Hot water circulates constantly. It is important to remember that the heating system in the room is not associated with underfloor heating. The heating process is carried out by boilers of any kind. The most the best option will be if the boiler consists of two heating circuits. That is, one of them is designed to create heat in the premises itself, and the other is for the underfloor heating system.

This design will save money, since the air begins to rise from the bottom up, and the convectors create heat when the cold comes from the windows. The water underfloor heating system, which is based on a gas boiler, is the following:

• Natural gas intake pipe.
• Water supply pipe.
• Heating system supply line in two directions.
• Collector.
• Two directions for a water-heated floor.

Arrangement technology

Mounting heating system possible only after the necessary preparation of the base. This is done to create a perfect overlap by rebuilding or replacing it. This stage includes important points:

• Removing the old coating and dismantling the rough base.
• Removal of all types of insulation.
• Cleaning the surface from dirt.
• Checking structures for stability by inspection. If worn parts of the beams are found, they must be cut out and replaced with a piece of the same size.
• The use of substances to protect against mold and mildew.

It is important to pay attention to the evenness of the base, the presence of protrusions. Can't be allowed too large drops... If the surface defects are more than 2 cm, then it is necessary to make alignment by pouring fine gravel. This method is suitable for laying a warm water floor under wooden floors.

Installation of a light water floor can be done both with a screed and by means of a dry floor under tiles or wood. It is important to know that it is better to start installing floors in the room where the boiler is located... One section for installation should not have an area of ​​more than 40 m. The pipes for installation have the ability to deform, so it will not be difficult to give the heating elements any shape. Experts believe that the most effective method of laying is in a spiral.

Both plastic and metal-plastic pipes... Often, specialists use polypropylene devices that are stable and tight.

It is important that these structures are suitable for installation in heating systems. Otherwise, the use of unsuitable devices may result in ineffective scheme heating. It is important to study the markings on the pipe.

As for the boiler, there is a choice. You can purchase not only gas, but electric or solid fuel. It all depends on the location of the house. The need for a collector system is due to the fact that it is important to ensure the operation of the entire water floor and maintain a given temperature.

Not all boilers have a built-in circulation pump. In such cases, you need to purchase it separately., since without it the water cycle is impossible. It is better to choose a pump that has three speeds. The rest of the details for arranging a warm water floor system are purchased based on individual characteristics each device.

How to make heating with your own hands correctly?

Surface preparation by leveling

This can be done with a concrete screed or special formulations, which are sold in hardware stores. Further, it is recommended to process the base with a primer. Do not forget about the insulation, which must be laid on the prepared surface.

Installation of thermal insulation

This process is not difficult, it is enough just to fix the joints with mounting tape. Of the materials for insulation, there are such as polystyrene, polypropylene insulation. Best thickness 5 cm is considered.In some cases, when laying on the ground or with increased protection from cold, a thickness of up to 10 cm is allowed.

Pipe laying

A reinforcing mesh is laid on the base, ensuring full bonding. The pipes themselves can be installed in the form of a snake or a spiral. It all depends on the personal wishes of the owner of the premises, but the craftsmen believe that the spiral installation scheme is preferable. With the first installation option, uneven heating of the floor is possible. Many values ​​are taken into account when calculating the installation width. These include wall thickness, pipe diameter, and other factors. The optimal pipe length is 100 m, since the water cools down, moving away from the beginning of the circulation.

Heating materials can be the most common water pipes, however, their service life will be much shorter special devices. There are subtleties of soldering pipes, which consist in the fact that the connection must be carried out with the help of adapters. If reinforced-plastic pipes are installed, metal surface must be removed within 3 cm from the beginning of the pipe.

The pipe is attached to the thermal insulation with fasteners. They are necessary to facilitate the installation of the floor and to ensure correct placement of the pipe. Fasteners can be plastic or metal elements.

It is important to know that only a single piece of pipe should be used for underfloor heating. In this case, the maximum length of each circuit should reach 100 m.Otherwise, you will have to use too much high pressure for optimal speed heat transfer.

Collector preparation and connection

Installation of this device takes place according to the instructions on the package. In each case, the installation process will be different due to the fact that there are many different models... The correct location of the manifold box must ensure the same water pressure in all circuits.

Boiler installation

Often, when connecting the boiler to the underfloor heating system, a problem is created, which consists in the fact that the water temperature is several times higher than that required for the operation of the water floor. Therefore, it is important to ensure that water at a lower temperature enters the pipes. This is possible by diluting the already cooled water, which flows in the opposite direction.

The heating structure must go through the assembly process, consisting of the following diagram:

• Installation of the control valve.
• Securing the circulation pump.
• Collector installation.
• Ensuring the flow of water at a reduced temperature.
• Connecting the pipe to the boiler.

If a screed is used, the process takes place under pressure. Screed mixtures can be cement-sand, concrete or dry.

When using cement and sand, it is best to purchase ready-made products, which include a special plasticizer. This element allows you to make the solution plastic, and also increases the level of heating due to thermal conductivity. For the concrete composition, it is recommended to purchase cement of a special grade M-300.

Dry materials include sand, additives to expand heat and reduce air bubbles. During last stage work, you need to take measures to prevent cracks in time. There are two options here:

• When a room is divided into two halves, each of them is poured separately using a special tape. Further, all existing gaps are removed by filling.

• After the screed has dried, the perimeter of the room is cut out in sectors with the help of a grinder, and the resulting seams are sealed with silicone. Then they must be putty.

In a structure with a wooden floor, the whole process is much easier, since it does not require installation of a screed. It is enough just to cover a special box with boards, where heating pipes. An important feature is correct placement pipes... The entire structure is placed at a level below the boiler. This will promote free heating and cycling through the plastic heating elements.

It is worthwhile to dwell in more detail on the consideration of the issue of laying a water-heated floor without a screed. There are many advantages here, one of which is the low weight of the structure, as well as the absence of the need to wait for the cement to dry. This is the heating system that saves you a lot of money.... Installation of such a structure requires the use of a base where the contours of the pipes will be laid. It can be wooden or polystyrene.

There should also be metal stripes that distribute heat evenly. It is possible to equip underfloor heating both under the tiles and under the laminate, however, in all cases, you need to take care of good heat transfer.

Today, the installation system using gypsum fiber sheets is used. They are placed as a base, fill the gaps between the contours of the pipes, serve top layer under the selected coverage. This design can be easily disassembled, in case of need for repair.... In addition, gypsum fiber sheets conduct heat well.

Others possible option to create a water floor without a screed is the use of aluminum sheets, in which there are already sections for laying the pipe contour. But the masters note that the gypsum-fiber elements are much better in quality. The advantages of such materials are as follows:

• Affordable prices.
• Simple processing scheme.
• Security.

You should not give up the opportunity to install warm water floors with your own hands, since this system will greatly facilitate life by creating comfortable conditions accommodation and savings on the purchase of energy.

Competently set heat it is possible to do it in a home without expensive specialist services. You just need to know the necessary subtleties of this process and choose the right equipment for heating.

Underfloor heating is a modern heating system, which is increasingly used in country houses and cottages. In many cases, it becomes the main heating, but sometimes it is installed only to increase comfort.

Meanwhile, warm floors can be different: water, electric, infrared. In this article, we will look at the features of such systems, the differences, as well as the advantages and disadvantages.

Why is it recommended to install underfloor heating in the house? What are its advantages?

Any type of underfloor heating system installed in the cottage guarantees the owners a higher level of comfort and several important advantages.

However, perhaps the most interesting thing is that all heating elements are completely hidden from view, that is appearance the cottage is getting much better - no protruding pipes and the usual radiators. At the same time, living in such a house is usually warm, since a heating circuit (water, infrared or electric) is located under the floor.

It is also important that contact with heating elements since they are placed under floor covering... Which increases the level of security.

The circulation of the heated air becomes more even, and the total heating costs can be significantly lower (provided that a water circuit is used). The floor is always warm, you can walk barefoot - and this is especially important if there are children in the house.

What types of warm floors are there?

In practice, the following types of such systems are used:

1. water;
2. electric;
3. infrared;
4. combined (rarely used, we will not consider it).

Each of these types of heating has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. In order to choose a specific system, it is necessary to analyze the features, pros and cons of each of them.

Water heat-insulated floor

This is the most popular, but at the same time the most difficult, option for installing underfloor heating in cottages. However, it should be understood that equipping it yourself is not an easy task, only if you have the appropriate experience. It is better to entrust the design and installation of this type of heating to specialists.

System features, positive and negative properties

In general, the water underfloor heating system is a closed loop made of pipes. The circuit is mounted under the floor covering on a concrete screed, special polystyrene boards or wooden floors and is connected to the general heating system.

The system kit includes the following items:

1. pipes (plastic, metal-plastic);
2. fasteners;
3. thermal insulation materials;
4. manifold and fittings for connection.

This kind of system has many positive qualities, and is becoming more and more popular in country houses and here's why:

• more economical use electricity - the cost of electricity after installing a water-heated floor is reduced by several times compared to the use of conventional electric heaters;
• the rooms are warmed up more evenly;
• high level of safety - the risk of burns is excluded;
• you can regulate the microclimate of the rooms (equip a separate heating circuit for each of them);
• the ability to use any floor coverings - the surface heating does not exceed 30 degrees, there are no harmful emissions;
• creating coziness and comfort for residents.

There are also drawbacks to this system, but they are either temporary, or you can put up with them:

• long and complicated installation process;
• leaks may appear, which often lead to damage to the floor covering - to eliminate leaks and repair the floor, a complete dismantling of the coverings is required;
• the possibility of reducing the pressure in the general heating system;
• to regulate the temperature, it is necessary to install mixers.

If it is necessary to use a warm floor with a water circuit as the main heating, it is connected to a heating boiler installed in the house. Conventional radiators are not used in this case. The boiler can be of any type - solid fuel, gas or electric. However, before using an electric boiler, it is better to take a closer look at the electric underfloor heating.

Important! To avoid emergency situations in winter, you must not turn off the water floor heating system.

Electric underfloor heating

Electrically heated floor heating is a very popular heating system for country house... Its main components are a heating cable and a thermostat that controls the entire system.

There are two options for installing the heating cable - either it is laid in a cement-sand screed or directly under the floor covering. Most often in this case, tiles are used as flooring, but other materials are also possible.

Important the advantage of electric underfloor heatinglies in the simplicity of its execution. Any experienced home craftsman can design and assemble it.

O system features

After laying the heating cable and finishing floor covering, the entire floor surface turns into a kind of heater, a source ofpleasant and soft warmth, comfortable for bare feet... It should be noted that the air in the room does not dry out at the same time, as it happens when using electric heaters many models.

The system of electric underfloor heating in cottages traditionally includes:

1. heating cable of the required length;
2. control automatics - a temperature sensor and a thermostat that turns off the heating when the set temperature is reached;
3. fasteners used during installation;
4. heat insulating materials.

The basis of the electric underfloor heating system is the heating cable. It consists of several sections equipped with special couplings for connection, two-layer insulation and a protective screen.

All connecting elements are made of non-corrosive materials. The service life of the cable is 15 years under warranty, but there are also more durable cables, including armored and shielded ones. They are highly reliable and durable.

Control system and the ability to automate work

The convenience of any systems powered by electricity lies in the possibility of a wide range of regulation, including automatic control... Electric floor heating has the same capabilities.

In simpler systems, thermostats are used in which the temperature is set manually, smoothly or discretely, that is, without the possibility of programming. It is quite logical and natural to use such systems in houses intended for permanent residence. At any time, the owners can intervene in the system and set the desired temperature.

Programmable thermostats maintain and regulate the temperature automatically, according to a given algorithm. Such systems are convenient if they come to a country house or dacha from time to time.

Infrared floor heating

The work of a warm floor of this type is based on infrared radiation, which heats not only the floor itself, but also the objects located above it.

The system has several very important advantages:

• the use of radiation, which by its nature resembles the sun and is perceived by a person more naturally;
• it is not the air that warms up, but the objects in the room, which then themselves begin to give off heat;
• versatility and ease of installation - a thin radiant film can be mounted on walls, ceilings, under floor coverings without cement screed and special labor;
• reliability and safety;
• profitability;
• versatility;
• fast warming up of the room;
• ease of use;
• the ability to automate control;
• long service life.

Important! As practice shows, infrared floor heating is economical and completely safe. The thin film does not require space under the flooring and is completely invisible even under the thin and soft linoleum.

The infrared heating system also has disadvantages:

• heating of furniture, leading to overheating of the film. It can be avoided by not installing the film in places where furniture will be located or using furnishings on legs;
• significant energy costs when heating large rooms;
• dependence on power supply - relevant if the warm floor is the main or only source of heat.

Summary

The choice of the type of underfloor heating depends on the specific features of a country house, its area and the amount of space. Important role When choosing a system, other factors also play a role:

1. features of the local climate;
2. comfort requirements;
3. Availability district heating from the village network;
4. functionality;
5. individual preferences.

Electric underfloor heating is easy to use, but its installation in a cottage is beneficial only in villages with cheap electricity and uninterrupted power supply.

The most common option for houses with centralized heating is a water underfloor heating. But it is also installed in cottages with autonomous heating... Infrared heating has many important advantages and is the most modern version, although not the most economical.

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O One of the options for floor heating is water underfloor heating. In such devices, heated water is used as a heat carrier, which circulates through the pipeline. It is warmed up with. When designing, manufacturing renovation works, as well as the replacement of heating devices, you need to know wiring diagrams water underfloor heating in a private house. More details in the material below.

Scheme of water floors

The components of the underfloor heating mechanism are heating elements inside the floor. When choosing wiring diagrams for water heated floors in a private house, it should be borne in mind that such a structure has a layered structure.

It is worth highlighting the following elements in the device of the equipment:

• A concrete slab or other sub-floor is the base layer.

• Thermal insulation provides protection against improper heat distribution.

• Installation of water floors.

• Concrete mortar.
• Flooring.

Useful information! The thickness of the entire structure should be within 7-15 cm.

Features of mounting technology

A floor heating device is an excellent solution for rooms with an area of ​​more than 20 square meters. meters. In small-sized rooms, it is difficult to lay highways with water, therefore it is recommended to make electrical structures in them.

Traditionally, wiring diagrams of water-heated floors in a private house are designed in screeds. This is necessary due to the increased stress from which the pipeline system must be protected. In addition, the pipes must be in contact with the screed, which functions as a heated surface.

The water lines are mounted using a special mesh, polystyrene fixing sheets or grooved plates. The prepared base is covered waterproofing film... When mounted on a heat-insulating layer, place reinforcing mesh, on top of which the pipeline is mounted. Before proceeding with the installation of pipes, it is necessary to calculate the equipment in order to ensure the required heat transfer, taking into account losses. The pipeline is mounted to the frame using clamps. A reinforced screed is also installed on top of the highways.

Useful information! In apartments with many tenants, it is forbidden to install such a structure from centralized heating. When installing a separate heat source, a special permit is required.

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Wiring diagrams

Compliance with the installation rules affects the spread of heat in the surrounding space. In such a design, hot water moves through pipes, heats up adjacent surfaces and cools down at the same time. Therefore, all wiring diagrams for water-heated floors in a private house start from the walls and move along the selected system to the exit or to the central part.

There are the following flooring schemes:

• The volute system implies spiral pipe laying. In this case, with the subsequent turnover, the structure narrows towards the central part. In this case, the line is laid loosely through the rows to leave room for pipes in the opposite direction. With a spiral design, uniform heating of the room is ensured, and hydraulic resistance is also reduced. This results in less pipe consumption. The disadvantages of the scheme include the complexity of installation.

Scheme "Snail"

• The snake is the laying of highways along the outer walls in the form of loops. Then the pipes are mounted in a wavy line in the opposite direction. Installation of pipes in the form of a snake is easy to design. The disadvantages include temperature jumps due to the frequent styling step.

The "Snake" scheme

• The combination scheme is a combination of two systems. This design is suitable for rooms with cold wall surfaces. In this case, the elements are in the shape of loops, but in some areas they have the shape right angle... The circuit is mounted so that the supply pipeline is located closer to outside walls... For better heating of the extreme zones, a decrease in the pitch of the pipe installation is used.

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After calculations for selection optimal step between the turns, as well as determining the power of the boiler and purchasing a collector and a thermostat, the selected wiring diagrams for water-heated floors in a private house are connected:

• The ends of the lines are connected to a manifold.

• A thermostat and a pump are installed between the boiler and the collector.

• The system is connected to the boiler.

• The correctness of the assembly of the structure is checked.

Liquid is started up inside the system and the boiler is turned on. If everything is done correctly, the floors will be warmed up in half an hour.

Useful information! The type of installation diagrams for water-heated floors in a private house depends on the heating method and geometric shapes premises. The main heating is done with spirals and double hinges, while additional heating is done with single hinges.

Connection diagrams

If the structure is connected to a boiler, then you will need to calculate its power. Its value should be 18-20% higher than the power of warm floors. A safety group is mandatory installed on the circuit, which may also imply the presence of an expansion tank.

The line from the boiler is connected to the collector device. It is mounted in a prepared cabinet. The main leaving the collector is mounted over the required area according to the selected scheme, and the return pipeline is connected to the return collector. If different branches are mounted, then the manifold is equipped with a certain number of incoming holes.

If forced circulation of liquid is carried out, then pumping stations and mixer assemblies for pumping water are mounted in the section from the boiler to the collector. The temperature in the system is controlled by automated mechanisms and sensors.

Important information! It is imperative to install shut-off and control valves between the lines and the manifolds. This is done in order to be able to turn off the tap in case of repair.

Application of heat exchangers

Wiring diagrams of water-heated floors in a private house are often complemented by a heat exchanger. This is a device that replaces the coolant in the floor structure and heating system.

An important function of the equipment is to transfer energy from the heat carrier located in the centralized riser to the water, which moves through the pipeline to heat the floors. A similar exchange is carried out also from gas to water. Thanks to the heat exchanger mechanism, heating is independent of the central heating system. There are many advantages to installing the device. In this case, there is no decrease in the level of pressure of water flows and temperature. Which does not cause inconvenience to the housemates.

Video: DIY installation of a warm floor

After installation floor circuits and before installing the screed, the structure is checked for correct work and all kinds of leaks. In this case, the check is performed by different methods.

The system is tested using special equipment and an air mixture is injected into it. In the process, the pressure rises to 4 bar. This method helps to identify even the slightest leak.

Also, the check is performed by filling the system with liquid at a certain pressure. At the same time, in half an hour, its value should not decrease by more than 0.6 MPa. After a couple of hours, it should not drop by more than 0.02 MPa at a constant temperature of the internal liquid.

When connecting the system to the boiler equipment, a variety of collectors are used. The system starts pump equipment and automatic mechanisms to control various parameters.

Wiring diagrams of water-heated floors in a private house are developed in accordance with the estimated energy consumption and its losses through the enclosing structures. It should be borne in mind that the total load depends on the methods of insulation, wall material and thickness, as well as on floors and on the number of door and window openings... Recommended installation circulation pumps in each circuit for balancing underfloor heating. Also, when designing door and window openings, it is necessary to take into account the height of the flooring structure.