The heating system is necessary in order to provide the most comfortable temperature in the house, which depends on many factors. These include the method of laying pipes, and the number of radiators, and the total length of the system, the area of ​​the house, etc.

This means that a system is selected individually for each house, so many people ask themselves the question - how to properly connect the heating battery?

Connection methods

There are ways to connect heating batteries with your own hands, which can often be found in private houses:

• Unilateral... It consists in the fact that the supply pipe and return pipe are connected from one side to the first section: the straight one is connected to the upper part, and the reverse one - to the lower one.
  In this way, uniform heating of all radiators is carried out. However, it is recommended to use this connection when there are many sections or in tall buildings with a parallel connection;
• Saddle and bottom connection ideal for a system where the pipes are hidden under the floor. In this case, both main pipes are connected to the branch pipes of opposite sections in the lower part. This method is ineffective, since power losses are within 15 percent;
• Diagonal... Used when available big system heat supply with the corresponding number of sections. This method of connection produces an even distribution of the coolant and maximum heat transfer from the devices.

Place to connect

In principle, the connection of the heating battery should be carried out in a certain place where it is possible to create protection against the access of cold air from the street and at the same time heat the room well. That is why radiators are often located under windowsills.

At the same time, it is necessary to observe a certain distance from the device to the wall - up to about 5 centimeters, and to the floor - 10 centimeters. If you adhere to these recommendations, then warm air from the radiator will create a kind of thermal curtain.

Important. The window sill should not obscure the battery or overlap it, as this will significantly reduce the efficiency of heat generation.
In some cases, the radiators are covered with a screen, usually this is done when they are very hot.

The main types of heating systems

Today there is a connection of heating batteries in a private house for two heating systems: one-pipe and two-pipe.

1. In the first option, water enters the pipes from above (the tank is on the hill) and thus spreads through the pipes.
   This is a fairly common system, but with this option there is no way to adjust the temperature, since this requires additional options.
2. The second option is that warm water flows through one pipe, and the cooled one goes through the other. In this case, the batteries are connected in parallel.
   Such a scheme for connecting heating batteries is common in cottages and houses. It is characterized by the same temperature of all radiators, and temperature control is carried out in the supply pipe using a thermostat.

In any case, the heating battery connection diagrams can be designed vertically or horizontal system... In the first, heating devices are connected to a vertical riser, and in the second, they are connected to horizontal pipelines.

Any scheme for connecting a heating battery can be carried out by connecting pipes with an energy carrier to the radiator in a lower or lateral way.

Radiator structure

Typically, a standard heater consists of itself heating element(heat sink) and optional parts as shown in the figure below.

In this case, the installation is carried out when a thermostat is needed in the heat supply system. Since many people connect heating batteries with their own hands, this scheme will be interesting for them.

But before you understand and determine for yourself how to properly connect the heating batteries in your particular case, you need to familiarize yourself with a variety of videos and photos in our site gallery. They will tell you in detail about the pros and cons of a particular system, as well as help you choose pipes and other additional elements.

Naturally, it is better to start installation in the warm season, so that later in the cold season you will not be left without heating. Therefore, prepare everything in advance, buy everything in order to quickly carry out all the necessary work.

The big advantage is that the scheme for connecting heating batteries in a private house can be very different, and you are not in a certain "technical" framework.

Advice!
When replacing batteries, do not forget to install the Mayevsky tap, with which it is easy to bleed air from the system.
And so that the room is not very stuffy, a valve is installed that partially or completely blocks the heat supply.

Shut-off valves

Everyone understands that shutoff valves play when connected important role, since it provides not only the water supply, but also distributes the coolant through the radiator. Control and shut-off valves are located on the return and supply branch pipes. Shut-off valves are necessary to cut off the water supply to the battery in order to carry out its replacement or repair.

The piping of the heating battery with bottom connection may not imply the installation of a bypass and adjusting devices. Shut-off valves available in most two-pipe systems with side or diagonal connection. Usually, the instruction requires always easy access to the shut-off and regulating elements, even if the radiators are closed.

Battery selection

it important stage construction of heating, because the material from which the radiators are made directly depends on their heat transfer, and, accordingly, the temperature in the room. Also, you must correctly calculate the number of sections in the room.

According to the material from which the batteries are made, they can be divided into:

• Cast iron;
• Bimetallic;
• Aluminum;
• Steel;
• Copper-aluminum.

Aluminum batteries have a power of about 192 W in one section, and a working pressure of 16 atm. They are distinguished by good heat dissipation and fast heating. They are used in autonomous and central heating supply options.

Their main disadvantage is that they are sensitive to the composition of water, so they are quickly destroyed by internal corrosion. Also, these devices are subject to sudden changes in system pressure.

Cast iron batteries have a section power from 79 to 160 W, and a pressure from 10 to 15 atm. They can work with high temperatures coolant - up to 150 degrees Celsius. Their minus is a lot of weight, and their plus is the usual installation and resistance to various pressure drops.

Bimetallic radiators have a power of about 200 W and a working pressure of about 35 atm. They have a steel core and an aluminum body. Often such batteries are used in offices or apartments with central heating.

Their advantages: lightness, practicality, resistance to the internal environment, high heat transfer. The downside may be a higher price compared to the rest.

Important!
Even if you choose the right battery and calculate the correct number of sections, you should know one piece of advice - the better. thermal insulation your home, the higher the efficiency of your system.

Conclusion

Installation of heating elements is a crucial step towards creating efficient heat supply... To carry out these works, it is necessary to calculate everything to the smallest detail and consult with several specialists.

Heating batteries can be connected in one of three ways. When choosing, it must be borne in mind that each has its own pros and cons. The pipe layout is the basis for the selection. Diagonal is not used in city apartments, as they usually have a side connection. However, some DIYers and professionals when choosing effective system they prefer the diagonal version.

Features of the diagonal connection diagram

If you also wondered why diagonal connection is the most effective, then this option should be considered in more detail. If we take into account the process, where hot air or water is involved, then the action will take place according to one physical law, which involves the rise of warm masses upward, while cold ones go down.

To ensure an even distribution of heat throughout the volume of the radiator, the coolant should be distributed over the battery. As mentioned above, side connection in city apartments acts as the main circuit. After all, it is used there forced circulation under high pressure... The diameter of the outgoing and outgoing connections is only 20 mm. Through them, water enters the battery under high pressure, which allows you to evenly and quickly fill the device.

If we are talking about private housing construction, where the circulation is natural, the filling of radiators occurs under the influence of the aforementioned physical law. That is why hot streams penetrate through the upper branch pipe, pushing cold water through the bottom outlet on the opposite side. The two nozzles are located diagonally when viewed from the device. Hence the name of the connection. The coolant fills the battery gradually, giving off heat to the entire volume. It is necessary to take into account not only the law of heat transfer, but also the physical law. That is why this scheme is the most effective.

Features of the implementation of the diagonal scheme

You can implement the diagonal connection of the heating radiator yourself. Work should begin with preparing the battery. To do this, you need to take care of the availability:

• the heating devices themselves;
• shut-off valves;
• pipes;
• fittings;
• other additional devices such as heat meters, a Mayevsky crane and a thermal head.

At the first stage of the work, a radiator is installed. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the rules. This is due to the fact that the efficiency of heat transfer will depend on them. When a diagonal heating radiator is used, part of the window opening must be aligned with the axis of the radiator. To the upper collector from the window sill, it is necessary to maintain a distance of within 15 cm. As for the step from the floor to the lower part of the collector, it should be the same. A distance of 5 cm from the wall to the battery must be set. Errors may occur. If we are talking about the distance to the window sill or the floor, then the error can reach 4 cm, while the step between the battery and the wall can be increased or decreased by 1 cm.

If you decide to use a diagonal connection of a heating radiator, then you must take into account some assumptions that will affect the rate of heat transfer. For example, if there is no window sill in the room, then this indicator can be increased by a maximum of 20%. Moving the battery closer to the floor will reduce heat transfer by 7%. To increase the efficiency of heat dissipation, professionals recommend complementing the radiator with a reflective screen that is installed on the wall. You can use for this fiberboard sheet or cardboard, each covered with foil. In this case, the heat transfer can be increased by 25%.

If you want to achieve correct work radiator, you should approach the conduct and installation with the utmost care. It is important to correctly align the instrument horizontally. You can get rid of distortions using a level. At this stage, it will be important to apply the markings. Once the markings can be applied, the brackets can be installed.

A self-tapping screw is used as a fastener, installed on plastic dowels. On sale today you can find brackets that are shaped like pins. They are screwed into a dowel of impressive diameter. Now everything is ready to install the radiator and connect it to the piping system.

Radiator complete set for diagonal circuit

The diagonal diagram for connecting heating radiators necessarily presupposes a complete set of batteries. To do this, it is supplemented with which you can release air. You need to take care of the availability of metal couplings, which are also known as American women. They are installed in the branch pipe, for this you need to use threaded metal couplings. Valves are strengthened to the latter, one such element should fall on each branch pipe. This will cut off the battery from heating network if you are faced with the need for repairs. In this case, the system itself will operate normally.

More information on diagonal wiring

The diagonal connection diagram for heating radiators in city apartments is rarely used. However, according to experts, this technique can be used if the number of sections in one battery exceeds 12 pieces. At the bottom side connection, as well as when circulating water under pressure, the pressure will not be able to overpower such a number of sections. The extreme ones will remain a little warm, and there will be no sense from them.

This scheme is used in two-pipe system wiring. The falling circuit must be connected to the upper branch pipe, while the return circuit must be connected to the lower one. If the circulation is forced, then the connection can be carried out the other way round, but in this case you will encounter a decrease in efficiency.

For reference

When using a diagonal connection of heating radiators in a private house, heat losses through batteries are 2%. Therefore, when carrying out heat engineering calculations, in this case, a coefficient is taken that is 1.1.

The main types of connection

There is also a one-way connection, in which the hot water supply pipe and the return pipe will be connected on one side of the radiator. The application of this principle is rational for one-story buildings. The scheme is suitable if you want to connect a long radiator with up to 15. But if this parameter is increased, the heating efficiency will decrease, because the last sections will be colder.

Considering the main options for connecting heating radiators, you should also pay attention to the bottom connection, which is suitable for those systems whose pipes pass under the floor surface. In this case, there will be a small piece of pipe above the surface, leading to the lower branch pipe. The inlet pipe is installed on one side of the battery, while the outlet pipe is on the other. The disadvantage of this method is significant heat loss, which reaches 15%. At the top, the battery may not fully warm up.

Important to remember

A single-pipe diagonal connection of heating radiators is used quite rarely, because such a scheme has a significant drawback, expressed in the absence of the possibility of adjusting the heat supply. Thus, the user will not be able to adjust the degree of heating of the radiators, in some cases this feature is a significant disadvantage. However, heat transfer is calculated even when creating a heating project, and in the future it must correspond to the specified parameters.

Main advantages of diagonal connection

Diagonal way good because it can provide the highest heat transfer coefficient. This is true when compared with the rest of the above schemes. In other words, in the case of a diagonal connection, you can provide the room with the maximum amount of heat. The diagonal connection of heating radiators in the apartment should ensure the movement of the coolant inside the battery with the formation of a gradient circuit.

The effectiveness of this scheme may decrease, which will happen when a large number sections. But even in this case, their limiting number can be 24, while in the lateral scheme this parameter is only 12. This feature can be considered an important advantage, because you can use longer radiators. With lateral connection, an increase in the number of sections will be accompanied by less effective work elements located on the sides.

Main disadvantages

Diagonal connection of heating radiators, the pros and cons of which are described in the article, can also be used by you. An important disadvantage of this scheme is not too much attractive design... After all, one cannot argue with the fact that the additional pipe does not look very aesthetically pleasing. It connects the return pipe and the upper radiator hose, the first of which runs from the bottom. The downside is that not all city apartments have the ability to provide this type of connection. Indeed, during the construction of Soviet high-rise buildings, they strove for the minimum consumption of materials, and often did not install a separate bypass.

Conclusion

Diagonal connection of a heating radiator with a one-pipe system, although undesirable, is still possible. But at the same time, you should take into account that in order to increase the level of heat transfer, it is important to take into account the increasing coefficient, which sometimes reaches 1.2. Thus, the passport heat transfer must be increased by 20%.

The pipes are just installed simultaneously with gas boilers.

It depends on this how the scheme for connecting heating batteries in a private house will be arranged later.

It is better to get acquainted with the current ones before making a choice in favor of certain devices. This will help you spend as much as possible. less strength and time for arranging a working system:

• At least 2 cm distance between wall and back walls on panels.
• The gap should be 8-10 centimeters, starting from the top of the radiator and ending with the window sill.
• 10-12 centimeters is the minimum distance from the bottom of the battery to the floor.

In devices, heat transfer becomes less if the specified standards are not observed. The likelihood that the operation will be uninterrupted is reduced. And the very scheme of connecting heating batteries in a private house from a gas boiler ceases to be effective.

Radiators must have an adjustment function. It happens to be automatic, either. Therefore, the kits are supplied with heat regulators. Thanks to which it is easier to maintain the optimal temperature level inside the premises.

What is the piping

When connecting, use two-pipe or one-pipe circuits.

One-pipe version

In addition, heating is not complete without such additional elements.

• Thermostat. It helps to save fuel, keep the temperature in the rooms at the same level.
• Air vents. Needed to bleed oxygen. It periodically accumulates in pipes, due to which it becomes a destructive element.
• Shut-off valves. Repair service is easier for systems with a large number of cranes.

Expansion tanks - irreplaceable helpers when building systems of any type. It is released in closed and open.

Paired with circulation pumps, only closed varieties are put. They try to place open tanks as high as possible. For example, in a house attic.

How to deal with chimneys

And in this case, there are prerequisites. The diameter of the boiler outlet must exactly match. There are other subtleties:

• If the pipe goes to unheated room, insulation is required in these places.
• The presence of joints in the places where pipes pass through roofs or walls is unacceptable.
• Three bends - the maximum number for the chimney from the boiler to the head.

Installation of heating batteries: main stages

Installation guidelines remain the same for each battery type. It doesn't matter which one played the main role, how the connections are made. The procedure will always look like this.

• First, they shut off the entire heating system, drain the water.
• Dismantle the battery along with other elements of the old circuit.
• The use of dowels for marking and fixing brackets on the wall surface. A cement mortar is needed to grind the places with fasteners in order to level the surface.
• After that, they begin to install the plugs. Entry holes are provided for each pipe, on both sides. The plugs for the organization of the passage, on which the correct thread is applied, are screwed in the places where the connections are located. Linen strips with additional sealing add airtightness to the entire structure. In the upper part there is a valve mechanism that releases excess air.
• Radiators are hung on supports prepared in advance. Water special devices will help to check how correctly the levels are set.
• Installation of a shut-off valve inside the passage plugs.
• The batteries are connected to the pipeline.
• The entire heating network is tested.

Do not get carried away with decorative protective screens. They look, but in the right moment can block access to thermostats. Because of this, the heating is turned off when there is insufficient heating.

More information about the home heating system can be seen in the video:

In cold weather, the off-season and severe frosts v winter period the heating system must provide the most comfortable temperature in all areas of the house. Correct installation the heating network depends on many factors: on the total length of the structure, the area of ​​the house, the number of batteries and how they are connected to the central risers. It turns out that for each building is selected individual system heating. Many homeowners, especially those living in apartment buildings, often ask themselves the question: how to connect the heating battery correctly?

Two types of heating systems

Heating systems of houses are divided into two types: one-pipe, as more economical option, and two-pipe, which has more advantages. Let's consider them and name the main differences.

One pipe system

In a one-pipe system hot water moves through the pipes from top to bottom. It is evenly distributed over heating device and exits through another pipe, again entering the same pipe. This type of heating network is more typical for houses with many floors. It is easy to install and does not require a lot of materials. The system also has its drawbacks:

• Temperature of radiators on the ground floors apartment building significantly lower than on the upper ones, since the water entering them is no longer so hot.
• It is not possible to change the degree of heating in individual apartments.
• To eliminate the leak as a result of an accident and replace the battery on one floor, you have to turn off the entire riser.
• For installation autonomous heating a separate apartment can be difficult to disconnect from the general system.

When considering how to connect the heating batteries so that the apartment on the lower floor is warm, you can apply circulation pump which will distribute hot water to all radiators. For the owners of your home, you can advise to increase the number of sections in heating devices in distant rooms, which will increase heat transfer.

To avoid stopping heating through the riser, which occurs as a result of a blockage or leak in a separate device, they are installed with a bypass - a jumper between two wires.

Two-pipe system

Correct connection of heating radiators with a two-pipe system is often used to heat a private house, cottage. Its advantage, in comparison with a one-pipe one, is that all radiators, including those remote from the boiler, have the same temperature.

The efficiency of this system is reflected in its higher cost. After all, you have to mount two pipe circuits. The first brings hot water to the radiator, which is drained through the second. Batteries in such a system are mounted in parallel. The advantages of such a pipe installation:

• the hot coolant is distributed over the radiators most evenly;
• there is a possibility of temperature regulation in each room;
• if a separate battery is repaired, the rest of the heat system continues to operate.

Basic diagrams for connecting radiators to a thermal system

A layman sometimes does not understand how to connect the battery correctly and why the radiator is connected to the pipes different ways... The bottom line is that different connection options work differently, giving their own percentage of heat transfer heater, the direction of movement of the coolant flow and its intensity.

Batteries in two-pipe and one-pipe systems are connected in several ways: side, diagonal, bottom and others.

Side

The most common way to connect. It consists in the fact that one pipe with a hot coolant is suitable for the upper branch pipe, supply, and a return pipe is connected to the lower one, through which the slightly cooled hot water leaves. For such a connection, there is a limitation on the number of sections in the radiator, there should not be more than 15 of them.

Diagonal

This method of connecting the battery to the heating system is used for long radiators. The connection of the coolant is as follows: the supply approaches the upper branch pipe from one side, and the return flow is located on the lower branch pipe on the other side. Hot water has the ability to be most evenly distributed over the heating device.

Lower

This method of connection is found in houses in which pipes heating system hidden under the floor. Can be mounted not only in single pipe systems heating, but also in two-pipe for low-rise buildings in the private sector. This connection method is not the most efficient one. Often it is necessary to add a circular pump to the system.

There are other ways to connect radiators. For example, a one-sided bottom, in which the supply and return are side by side. Pipes in such a scheme are almost invisible, but for good heating battery required with big amount sections.

When deciding how to properly connect heating batteries, you need to pay attention to the effectiveness of the connection method. When calculating the power of the heating device, use various ratios raising and lowering. They are most directly related to the method of connecting a radiator with a central riser. Various schemes have the following indicators:

• lateral - K is 1.0;
• diagonal - K is 1.1-1.2;
• lower - K is equal to 0.7-0.9.

As you can see, a heating radiator can have the highest efficiency factor if it is correctly connected using the diagonal method. But each homeowner decides for himself which type of connection to use.

Installing the Battery: Prerequisites

A place

Heating radiators in an apartment or house are usually connected according to some rules. You can place batteries in a room anywhere. It depends on the wishes of the owners. But it will be more advisable to choose a location where there is heat loss in order to reduce their amount and get a feeling of comfort.

The most noticeable heat loss occurs through the glass windows. And whatever modern technologies neither were used in the creation of the latest double-glazed windows, they will have more heat loss than walls. Therefore, in apartment buildings, radiators are located in rooms under the windows, where they limit the area with cold air.

When installing a radiator, the following requirements are usually observed:

• the distance from the window sill to the top of the radiator must be at least 5-10 cm;
• to the wall - 2-5 cm;
• to the floor - 8-12 cm.

Before correctly connecting the heating batteries in the apartment, you should calculate the length of the radiator or required amount sections. This can determine whether the room is warm and cozy even on very cold days. There are several ways to do this, based on complex formulas and coefficients.

A layman, owner or resident of the apartment, can make simpler calculations. You just need to know the parameters of your room and the power of the selected batteries. 100 watts of radiator power can heat well 1 m² of a room. We multiply the area of ​​the room by 100. It turns out the value total power batteries. We divide the value obtained by us by the power of one section indicated in the documentation. We get the right amount sections.

There is also a simpler old rule for correct connection heating radiator. The battery section is designed for heating 2 m² of the room, where the ceiling height does not exceed 2, 7 m. When calculating the number of sections, we round up. This scheme is not suitable for corner apartments and private houses with large rooms and high ceilings. There, the calculation is made individually.

Battery installation step by step

Before properly connecting a heating radiator in an apartment, you need to think about whether it is worth installing a system for a possible regulation of the heat supply. It can be created in automatic and manual mode.

No need to save on installation handheld devices providing additional safe operation of radiators: taps, gate valves, valves. They will help in critical situations to quickly turn off the radiators. They are also irreplaceable during the repair of individual batteries, then there will be no need to stop the heat supply throughout the house.

When deciding how to connect the heating battery correctly, you can use this instruction:

1. First, the necessary markings are made before attaching the brackets, then they are mounted to the wall.
2. The batteries are equipped with Mayevsky cranes, special devices that help to release air from the batteries in cases of air congestion.
3. They install plugs and regulators for heat supply, valves and other mechanisms.
4. Having placed the radiator on the brackets, align it horizontally relative to the floor.
5. Connect the battery to the common thermal system using transition pieces.
6. A preliminary test of the battery is carried out to check the reliability with the start of the coolant.

You need to know this! Unauthorized transfer, installation and connection of heating radiators can subsequently create many problems, both for the owner of the apartment where these actions were carried out, and for neighbors who will have a violation of the thermal regime of the premises. These works are performed only with permission management company and after expert examination.

Useful tips for those who connect heating batteries on their own

Some owners consider the ways of connecting radiators to the thermal system of the house to be less important fact as the material from which they are made. So, heat transfer is higher for bimetallic batteries than those made of cast iron. But with an incorrect connection scheme, such radiators will have a lower heat transfer coefficient. If bimetallic heating devices are connected to pipes in the lower way, then heat loss will be 12%, which will affect temperature conditions premises and fuel losses.

Experts recommend how you can increase heat transfer if you connect a heating radiator correctly. To do this, a reflective panel is attached behind it. Its role can be played by an ordinary piece of plywood or fiberboard, wrapped aluminum foil... But in this case, the distance from the wall to the battery should be at least 1.5 cm.

It is advised to install regulating and locking mechanisms on the connections to the heating device. This is required for both balancing and the ability to remove the radiator in case of replacement and flushing.

One of the reasons for the insufficiently good operation of the heating system in the house is an illiterate installation of heating batteries, an incorrect calculation of the number of sections in a battery, or an incorrect location of radiators in the room and throughout the building. Therefore, indicated in the passport specifications batteries will not be discharged. Correct installation of heating radiators involves the use of several schemes, and you need to know them before choosing the most optimal one.

How the radiator works

Structurally, any radiator is an assembly of heating sections combined into one unit (items No. 1 and No. 2 in the figure below) by a manifold. There can be as many such sections in one radiator, but usually the maximum number is 10-12 pieces. Sections can be added or removed as they are threaded together. Some models of radiators are made non-separable, which complicates their maintenance-free operation.

• 1 - top collector;
• 2 - a collector from the bottom;
• 3 - vertical sectional channels in the radiator;
• 4 - a radiator housing that acts as a heat exchanger.

Vertical channels are connected to each other (position No. 4), and hot water flows through them. Both collectors have an inlet and outlet (in the diagram, for the collector on top it is B1 and B2, for the collector below it is B3 and B4).

The heated water supply from the heat generator is connected to the inlet, the return pipe ("return") is connected to the outlet. Unnecessary holes are closed with threaded plugs. When buying a new radiator, all the necessary parts for assembly, including plugs, are included in the basic configuration. Exactly correct installation heating radiators and the connection diagram of the collectors determine the efficiency of the heating system. A Mayevsky crane is usually installed on one free exit, which is also included in the kit. Efficient installation heating batteries includes two main schemes - 1-pipe and 2-pipe ways of connecting heating radiators. The choice of the circuit depends on how the supply and "return" will be connected to the system. Within the framework of the chosen scheme, the connection of pipes with a coolant can be upper, lower, diagonal or lateral.

Note: The figure shows a simplified diagram of the heat sink design. The specific model will differ in design features.

One-pipe heating system

Such schemes for connecting heating radiators in a private house are considered the simplest and are used even in multi-apartment high-rise buildings, despite their low efficiency. The popularity of the one-pipe scheme is explained by its cheapness and simple installation... Therefore, connecting the batteries according to this principle is one route that runs from the supply to the "return" connected to the boiler. For one floor one-pipe scheme connecting heating in a private house is as follows:

It is clear from the figure that the return pipe of the previous battery is the supply pipe of the next radiator. There is only one drawback of such a scheme - in each next radiator the temperature will be lower than in the previous one. In addition to the horizontal connection of the pipe with hot water exists and vertical layout and this too good connection... Such a scheme is usually implemented in apartment building, it is mounted in two versions - "a" and "b":

1. According to the "a" scheme, the pipe with the coolant is supplied from above, and the water is directed downward.
2. According to the scheme "b", the bottom connection of heating radiators is realized.

Option "b" is used to save materials, since this scheme has the main disadvantage - the temperature on each next radiator drops even more than in option "a".

Two-pipe scheme

Before connecting a heating radiator, you need to study the 2-pipe version, which is considered more efficient, simpler and capable of adjusting the temperature in each heating device. But connecting a heating radiator to a two-pipe system will require more consumption of building materials and higher labor costs.

The advantage of the implementation of such a scheme is obvious - in each radiator the temperature is maintained as efficiently as possible, at a constant and stable level, and the location and remoteness heating appliances from the heat generator does not matter. Two-pipe connection of the heating battery is also carried out in multi-apartment high-rise buildings. The supply and "return" are muffled from above, and the connection of two vertical collectors running in parallel is obtained.

In practice, other schemes are used. two-pipe heating- collector, it is "beam" or "star". But such complex layouts are mainly used for installation. hidden wiring eg under the floor. From the figure it is clear that it is necessary first to assemble the collector itself, and from it to dissolve the heating pipes throughout the premises of the house.

Before connecting the heating battery correctly, you need to understand which scheme will be most effective for a particular room and its geometry. Often the batteries are connected in two ways - 1-pipe and 2-pipe - even in the same room.

Diagonal radiator connection with top flow

Option "A" (see figure below) is considered the most effective. If the batteries are connected according to this option, then in the calculations of the heating system for the circuit, a correction factor of 1 is introduced, and for other connection options - corrections in one direction or another. The heated water passes through the pipe line without hindrance, the pipes are filled to 100%, there is no air in them. As a result, the heat exchanger heats up evenly over the entire area, which leads to maximum heat transfer to the room.

• A - diagonal connection of heating radiators with top flow;
• B - one-sided scheme with top feed.

Option "B" is traditionally implemented in a 1-pipe scheme. This scheme was most widespread when connecting risers with a coolant supply from above in high-rise buildings or when connecting pipes with a supply from below on descending heating lines.

On the positive side: the circuit works as efficiently as possible if there are few sections in the battery.

Negative point: with a large number of heat transfer sections, the pressure in the system may not be enough to push water along the uppermost ring. Therefore, water can flow along the near vertical sections of the battery, which will provoke stagnation in certain sections of the heating main.

The approximate number of radiator sections per room - table:

Even standard sizes radiators will give heat losses up to 5%. And with an increased number of sections, heat losses on each radiator can reach 10%. Therefore, when connecting heating radiators of the piping circuit, it is better to install batteries according to the first method - "A".

Radiator connection options

Bottom water supply with one-sided pipe connection

The circuit has a low efficiency, but at bottom connection coolant supply pipes, it is used very often, even in high-rise buildings. The option justifies itself by the simplicity of installation, economical consumption of building materials and low labor costs.

Cons of connecting with this option:

1. The appearance of a zone of stagnant water, which will lead to cooling of the farthest radiator.
2. Heat transfer losses can rise up to 20-25%.

Double-sided bottom feed

The option is used both in private houses and in multi-apartment high-rises. This scheme allows you to mask the pipe line in the wall or under the floor. The efficiency is low, but it is precisely because of the possibility of covert pipe laying that the option is popular.

Disadvantages:

1. Heat transfer losses can rise up to 10-15%.
2. The upper sections of the battery sections will warm up less due to the counterflows of the cooled coolant, since hot water will tend to move along the lower collector.

Bottom connection diagonally

The most ineffective installation of heating batteries, but there may be cases of forced installation of just such a scheme.

Disadvantages:

1. As mentioned above, the pressure in the line may not be enough to warm up the upper rings of the heating system as much as possible.
2. In addition, resistance and temperature differences play a role. Therefore, if a radiator with a larger than the calculated number of sections is installed, a stagnation zone may appear under the coolant return pipe.
3. Heat losses when installing heating according to a similar scheme are ≤ 20%.

Top connection on both sides

Before connecting the radiator correctly, you must understand that this option is ineffective. Disadvantages:

1. The coolant is supplied through the upper collector, which means that it will not flow down, and the lower part of the battery will always be cold.
2. This option is also used in exceptional cases when there are no other solutions. Connecting high radiators according to this scheme can be considered more or less effective.

Optimizing Battery Connectivity - Options

If you already have piping, you don't want to change it, but often this option is more profitable than replacing the radiator or changing the entire battery connection diagram in the system. It is possible to optimize the connection of pipes directly connected to the battery if the piping of the heating radiator is changed geometrically (see the figure below):

Companies that manufacture heating batteries and radiators, almost always produce models designed for connection by different options tie-ins, but the most optimal solution connection, at least in Moscow, is considered a diagonal option, which is indicated as the most effective in the passport of the device. Also, the operating instructions (and possibly on the device itself) indicate the correct direction of flow and other useful parameters. If it is not possible to purchase the above radiator, heat transfer optimization is carried out using a valve.

Such a valve is mounted between the sections, overlapping the intersection nipple. Inside the valve is inserted heating pipe, supply or discharge of the coolant - it depends on the selected battery connection option.

Another option for optimizing heat transfer is a flow extension. This is a special pipe Ø 16 mm, which is inserted into the upper manifold of the radiator. If the thread Ø 16 mm does not fit the radiator or the battery, then you can buy an extension cord with a different thread diameter or connect it to the battery through an adapter sleeve.

An extension cord is most effective when connected diagonally to the top of the battery in one direction. In this version of the connection, the coolant enters the upper remote edge of the battery through the extension cord cavity and from there moves diagonally to the lower opposite end of the radiator. Thus, a variant of the coolant is implemented diagonally from top to bottom, in which all sections of the heater are evenly heated.

Video about the operation of a 1-pipe heating system

Video about the operation of a 2-pipe heating system

Location of the radiator in the room

Even the most expensive radiator will not give the desired effect if it is incorrectly connected or incorrectly installed on the wall. Standard options fastenings of heating batteries - under window openings, next to the entrance doorways, in places where there are permanent drafts. But there are also standard requirements regarding the mounting of heating batteries on walls and other surfaces:

1. Under the windowsill. There is always a place under it for a battery, since other interior items are simply not needed there. All drafts from the window are minimized by the heat flow from the radiator. With this arrangement of the device, its total length should not exceed ¾ the width of the entire window. If this rule is followed, the heat output will be maximized. The radiator should be mounted in the center of the window, the tolerance to the left or right should not be more than 2 cm.
2. There must be a height distance of at least 10 cm between the window sill and the radiator (or not less than ¾ of the thickness of the radiator), but not more than 15 cm, otherwise the plane of the window sill will retain the entire heat flow or not reflect it when mounted high.
3. The distance between the battery and the wall on which it is mounted should not be less than 2 cm. A smaller distance provokes the accumulation of debris and dust, which, in turn, reduces the heat transfer of the device.

These requirements are not enshrined in GOST, therefore they are recommendatory. Unless there are other recommendations from the manufacturer, it is best to take these tips into account when attaching any radiator. But most often the manufacturer indicates in the radiator passport optimal scheme wall mounting, which should be used.

Conclusion

After considering the main options for connecting heating devices to the heating system, their main disadvantages, as well as the advantages of each connection option, clearly emerge. In addition, the considered options for optimizing heat transfer can be applied to any scheme, and recommendations for mounting radiators are always needed when installing a heating system in an apartment or in a private house.