One of the decisive factors of creating optimal conditions Accommodation in the urban high-rise building, or private house is the arrangement of the heating system. In any residential room, a two-pipe, or a single-tube heat supply system can be mounted. A two-pipe system is used more often. Which is a system of two-pipe heating and in the difference from one-tube, its installation features - all this will be considered in the article.

An unambiguous answer to the question is that it will be better: a single-tube or two-pipe system of heating, no.

During the choice, it is necessary to take into account the convenience of operation, efficiency, durability, cost and complexity of installation.

If the budget allows, it is better not to save and stop your choice on a two-pipe version. If necessary to provide heat country houseYou can give preference to a single-tube system. Since the system of heating two-pipe in a private house will cost more. But his effectiveness is much higher.

In addition, the heating of two-pipe is characterized by ease of operation. Installation can be carried out independently. The two-pipe heating scheme is considered more sought after. Buying a double number of pipes for installation is always justified. For equipment two-pipe system No need to use pipelines with a large diameter. During installation, the fasteners, valves, fittings are required less.

Thus, a diagram of a two-pipe heating system can be used to heat the private sector or urban high-rise building. one-pipe system. The choice of a certain version depends on the consumer, its wishes and financial position.

What is the feature of two-pipe heating?

The highest quality heating, comfortable living conditions can be achieved through the use of a two-pipe scheme. Scheme feature: Two pipes are installed in each battery. In the first pipe circulates hot water. It connects to all heaters in parallel. That water that has already cooled, flows back to the system on the next pipe.

The taps are mounted in front of the heating device that are used to overlap thermal powder. With a two-pipe system, the heater temperature will be low. But the cost level will be lower than with a single-tube network.

Horizontal and vertical two-pipe heating system

The heating two-pipe system is vertical and horizontal. The difference in the type of connection of all structural elements into one mechanism. The vertical scheme involves connecting all parts of the system to the vertically located riser. Among the advantages can be noted the lack of air traffic jams. Among the minuses are higher installation costs. The vertical two-pipe system of heating a multi-storey house is the most suitable. Since each floor can be separately connected to a common riser.

For one-storey houses more optimal option A two-pipe horizontal system of building heating is considered. This scheme has its own characteristics. All radiators are connected to the horizontal pipeline. Especially convenient is this type of heating in wooden houses either panel-frame rooms without simpleness. Randers, as a rule, are located in the corridors. Since with a horizontal system, an externally wiring looks not particularly attractive, all pipes during conducting construction work Try to hide under the tie.

The wiring of the horizontal two-pipe network may be lower, upper and combined. For the private sector, the optimal option is considered a horizontal two-pipe heating system with lower wiring and not natural circulation coolant. At the same time, the supply of water to the risers is carried out through the main pipelines from the bottom.

Heating two-pipe network with top wiring

The upper layout involves laying the pipeline in the attic or under the ceiling. A similar system of heating two-pipe with an upper wiring is extremely rare. Because it is characterized by a large consumption of material and does not fit into the interior of the room. And here is a two-pipe heating system two-storey house The circuit with combination wiring is used quite often. Suitable for areas with frequent power outages, for small areas of premises.

A two-pipe vertical heating system involves a parallel battery connection. A feature is that the expansion tank is mounted. Locating pipeline is at the top. The coolant from the boiler comes in all batteries. Horizontal diagram and vertical have differences: a horizontal heating system The two-pipe scheme involves the installation of all pipes with a slight bias.

Heating two-pipe network with lower wiring

The main difference of the system of this type is the feed pipe: a two-pipe heating system with a lower wiring scheme involves its placement at the bottom, near the reverse. With such a layout, water pipes moves in the bottom upward direction. The coolant, passing the inverse liner, enters the pipe due to heating elements. Then water hits the boiler. It should be noted that the system of heating two-pipe with the lower wiring involves the installation of cranes of Maevsky. This is necessary for the prevention of aircraft formation. Such cranes are mounted on each battery separately.

Scheme of two-pipe heating network

The two-pipe system involves the presence of 2 pipes, which was supplied to each battery. Such a two-pipe heating scheme one-storey house Includes components below:

The expansion tank is placed at the top point of the heat supply system. The bias of pipes in the return, the feed must not be more than 10 cm on the 20 row meters. Often, when installing the system, the system is divided into two tribes if the lower laying pipe is located entrance door. Create it from the location of the upper point in the system. With a two-pipe heating offline system with an upper wiring, the installation scheme may be different.

Two-pipe system with unnatural circulation

For two-storey cottages and in the private sector, the scheme is most often used. two-pipe heating from forced circulation coolant. Essence: All heating devices work as an individual system. This allows you to adjust each branch. For a separate branch, you can choose your own or connect one pump to the entire system. Pumps are different power, have different sizes connecting elements. The cost of circulating pumping devices Low.

It must be said that a two-pipe heating system with forced circulation involves connecting each of the batteries to the feed pipe by wiring. From each radiator to the inverse tube there is its own dive. This system allows you to adjust the temperature level in any of the rooms.

Algorithm for installing a two-pipe system

Conduct the installation of a two-pipe system can each. The main thing is to know the procedure and have all the necessary equipment with you.

It does not matter which the two-pipe system of heating a private house circuit with the top or bottom wiring is selected, such tools may be required to install:

When the installation option is selected, a number of calculations should be carried out, make a refined system circuit.

As a rule, the installation of heating of a two-pipe system is not distinguished by complexity and consists of stages:

The two-pipe heating system is more complicated compared to one-tube, and the number of materials necessary for installation is noticeably larger. Nevertheless, it is the 2-pipe heating system that is more popular. From the title it follows that it uses two contours. One serves to deliver a hot heat carrier to radiators, and the second one removes the cooled heat carrier back. Such a device is applicable for any types of structures, if only their layout allowed the installation of this design.

Quality two-kinning heating system Existence is explained a number of weighty advantages. First of all, it is preferable to single-mounted, because in the last heat carrier loses a noticeable part of the heat before entering radiators. In addition, the two-integral design is more versatile and suitable for houses of different floors.

Disadvantage of a two-pipe system It is considered a high price. However, many mistakenly believe that the presence of 2 contours suggests the use of a double amount of pipes, and the cost of such a system is twice as much as a single-tube. The fact is that for a single-tube design it is necessary to take pipes big diameter. This ensures normal circulation of the coolant in the pipeline, and therefore effective work Such a design. The advantage of the same two-tube is that it takes a smaller diameter pipe for its installation, which are significantly cheaper. Accordingly, additional elements (splits, valves, etc.) are also used with a smaller diameter, which also reduces the cost of construction.

The budget of the installation of a two-pipe system will be out of a little big than for one-tube. On the other hand, the effectiveness of the first will be noticeably higher, which will become good compensation.

Example application

One of the places where two-pipe heating will be very appropriate, is garage. it work premisesTherefore, permanent heating is not required. In addition, the two-pipe heating system with its own hands is quite a real undertaking. Installation in the garage of such a system is not necessary, but it will be absolutely not superfluous because winter time It is very difficult to work here: the engine does not start, the oil is frozen, and it is easy to work with hands uncomfortable. The two-pipe heating system provides quite acceptable conditions for finding indoors.

Varieties of two-pipe systems for heating

There are several criteria by which such heating structures can be classified.

Open and closed

Closed systems Expose the use of an expansion tank with a membrane. They can work with increased pressure. Instead ordinary water In closed systems, the coolants based on ethylene glycol can be used, which do not freeze when low temperatures (up to 40 ° C below zero). Motorists know such liquids called "antifreeze".

1. Heating boiler; 2. Security group; 3. Reset valve overpressure; 4. Radiator; 5. Pipe reversal; 6. Expansion tank; 7. valve; 8. Drain valve; 9. Circulating pump; 10. Manometer; 11. PUBLIC VALVE.

However, it is necessary to remember that for heating devices exist special compositions Coolants, as well as special additives and additives. The use of conventional substances can lead to a breakdown of expensive heating boilers. Such cases can be regarded as non-warranty, because the repair will require significant costs.

Open system It is characteristic that the expansion tank must be installed strictly at the highest point of the device. It needs to provide a pipe for air and a tap pipeline, which merges excess water from the system. Also through it you can take warm water for household needs. However, this use of the tank requires the presence of an automatic fitting of the structure and eliminates the possibility of using additives and additives.

1. Heating boiler; 2. Circulation pump; 3. Heating devices; 4. Differential valve; 5. Shut-off valves; 6. Expansion tank.

And yet two-pipe heating system closed type It is considered more secure, so modern boilers are most often designed for it.

Horizontal and vertical

These species are characterized by the location of the main pipeline. It serves to connect all structural elements. Both horizontal and vertical systems have own advantages and disadvantages. However, both of them demonstrate good heat transfer and hydraulic stability.

Two-pipe horizontal heating design meets in single-storey buildings, and vertical - In high-rise buildings. It is more complicated and, accordingly, more expensive. Here are used vertical risers to which heating elements are connected on each floor. Advantage vertical systems is that in them, as a rule, do not arise aerial traffic jamsSince the air leaves the pipes up to the expansion tank.

Systems with Forced and Natural Circulation

Such species differ in the fact that, firstly, there is an electric pump, which causes the coolant to move, and secondly, the circulation itself occurs by itself, obeying physical laws. The minus structures with the pump are that they depend on the availability of electricity. For small premises of a special meaning in forced systems No, except to heat the house will be faster. With large areas, such structures will be justified.

To choose the right type of circulation, you need to consider which type of pipe wiring Used: upper or lower.

Upper Wiring System It assumes the gasket of the main pipeline under the ceiling of the building. It provides high pressure The coolant, so that it goes well through radiators, which means that the use of the pump will be superfluous. Such devices look aesthetically, the pipes at the top can be hidden decorative elements. However, this system needs to install a membrane tank, which entails additional costs. It is possible to install and open a tank, but it should be at the highest point of the system, that is, in the attic. In this case, the tank must be inspired.

Lower layout Ensures the installation of the pipeline just below the windowsill. In this case, you can install an open expansion tank anywhere in the room slightly above the pipes and radiators. But without a pump in such a design it is not necessary. In addition, difficulties arise if the pipe must pass by the doorway. Then it is necessary to start it around the perimeter of the door or make 2 separate wings in the design circuit.

Tupic and passing

In a dead-end system The coolant is hot and cooled go in different directions. IN backway system , constructed according to the scheme (loop) "Tichelman", both streams go in one direction. The difference between these species in the simplicity of balancing. If the passing when using radiators with an equal number of sections itself is already balanced, then in a dead-end on each radiator, you need to install a thermostatic valve or needle valve.

If the "Tielman" scheme uses radiators with an unequal amount of sections, it also requires the installation of valves or valves. But even in this case, this design is balanced easier. This is especially noticeable in extended heating systems.

Selection of pipes in diameter

The selection of pipe cross sections should be performed based on the volume of the coolant, which should pass per unit of time. It, in turn, depends on the thermal power, which is required for heating the room.

In our calculations, we will proceed from the fact that the size of thermal losses is known and there is numeric value Heat required for heating.

Start calculations from the final, that is, the long-range radiator system. To calculate the coolant consumption for the room, you will need a formula:

G \u003d 3600 × Q / (C × ΔT)Where:

• G - water consumption for room heating (kg / h);
• Q - thermal powernecessary for heating (kW);
• c - water heat capacity (4,187 kJ / kg × ° C);
• ΔT - the temperature difference between the hot and cooled coolant is taken equal to 20 ° C.

For example, it is known that the thermal capacity for heating the room is 3 kW. Then water consumption will be:
3600 × 3 / (4,187 × 20) \u003d 129 kg / h, that is, about 0.127 cubic meters. m of water per hour.

To water heating It was balanced as accurate as possible, it is necessary to determine the cross section of the pipes. To do this, use the formula:

S \u003d gv / (3600 × v)Where:

• S is the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe pipe (M2);
• Gv - volumetric water flow (m3 / h);
• v is the speed of water, is in the range of 0.3-0.7 m / s.

If natural circulation is used in the system, the speed of movement will be minimal - 0.3 m / s. But in the example under consideration, we take the average value of 0.5 m / s. According to the specified formula, we calculate the cross-sectional area, and on the basis of it - the inner diameter of the pipe. It will be 0.1 m. We select polypropylene tube The nearest larger diameter. This is a product with an inner diameter of 15 mm.

Then go to the next room, we calculate the flow rate of the coolant for it, we summarize with the flow rate for the descriptive room and determine the diameter of the pipe. And so to the boiler itself.

Installation of the system

When installing the design, specific rules should be followed:

• any two-pipe system includes 2 contours: the upper serves to supply the hot heat carrier to radiators, the lower - for the cooling cooled;
• the pipeline must have a small slope toward the final radiator;
• pipes of both contours must be parallel;
• the central riser must be insulated to prevent heat losses when serving coolant;
• in reversible two-pipe systems, several cranes must be provided, with which water drops from the device is possible. This may be needed during repair work;
• when designing the pipeline, it is necessary to provide a smallest possible number of angles;
• the expansion tank must be installed in the highest location of the system;
• diameters of pipes, cranes, Signs, connections must coincide;
• when installing a heavy pipeline steel pipes To support them, you need to install special fasteners. The maximum distance between them is 1.2 m.

How to make the correct connection of heating radiators, which will ensure maximum comfortable conditions in the apartment? Mounting two-pipe heating systems, it is necessary to adhere to this sequence:

1. From the heating boiler is given to the central riser of the heating system.
2. At the highest point, the central riser ends with an expansion tank.
3. From it throughout the building, pipes are bred, which supply a hot heat carrier to radiators.
4. To remove the cooled heat carrier from heating radiators at a two-pipe design, a parallel supply pipe is laid. It must be connected to the bottom of the heating boiler.
5. For systems with coercive circulation of the coolant, an electrical pump should be provided. It can be installed at any convenient point. Most often it is mounted not far from the boiler, near the entry point or exit.

Connecting the heating radiator is not such a complex process if you approach this question scrupulously.

The two-pipe system is the most popular scheme of a set of water heating. The scheme is favorably featured by maneuverability and convenience of regulation from a single-pipe system, more economical in the amount of material compared to the collector configuration. The publication material gives an overview of the device and the principle of operation, the species of the two-pipe configuration of the heating complex.

Device two-pipe heating system

Diagram of the device of a two-pipe system of water heating

In water heating, pipelines are one of the main elements, serve to supply the heated liquid coolant to the instruments of heating and returning the heat of water to the heat source. In the case of autonomous heating, an individual boiler serves as a heat source, in the case of centralized heating - main pipelines.

To ensure the circulation of heat carrier between radiators and heat source in water heating, 3 main schemes are used:

1. One-tube;
2. Two-pipe;
3. Collector (radius).

In addition, these schemes are sometimes combined with each other. The disadvantage of the single-tube scheme is the complexity of control and temperature control in individual rooms and on heating devices. Collector system Requires for mounting the greatest number Material compared to other types of system.

The two-pipe scheme is the "golden middle", is very popular, especially when building autonomous heating systems. The popularity of the system of this species is caused by the convenience of regulation due to the hydraulic content of the circuit.

The basic principle of the device of a two-pipe system is based on parallel connection Heating devices to two independent pipelines. One of them serves to supply a hot heat carrier in the heating device (radiators, convectors, registers, etc.), the second - to return the cooled coolant into the boiler - for heating.

Direct and return pipelines perform the role of collectors, water pressure in length varies slightly. This allows you to maintain in all points of the heating system approximately the same pressure.

Equimclicable pressure in all heating devices makes it easy to adjust the temperature on individual devices, indoors. Installing thermostatic fittings, thermal heads, temperature sensors makes it possible to fully automate the temperature control process.

Maintaining the same hydraulic characteristics is also carried out by changing the diameter of pipes in length - in the dead-end branches of the system. The passage section decreases gradually from the first to the last radiator - this configuration of the two-pipe circuit is called a dead end. In addition to it, there is another kind of scheme - passing (or Loop Tichelman).

Types of two-pipe heating system

Main types of two-pipe heating scheme

The coupling diagram of the two-pipe system is more popular than the loop of Tichelman. Its construction usually requires a smaller amount of material.

As mentioned above, the main principle of the device of a dead-end system is a gradual decrease in the diameters of direct and return pipelines along the length of the branch, from the first to the last heating device.

Temperature adjustment is carried out by regulating reinforcement. It is worth noting that when installing any type of water heating system for each heating element, you should install a shut-off-regulating reinforcement. This is necessary to disconnect the radiator or other heating instrument for prevention (flushing) or repair. When any instrument is disconnected in a two-pipe network, the system continues to work - this is a significant advantage of the schema described.

The adjustment algorithm is as follows. On the first radiator, the regulatory fittings close the maximum, leave a small flow of the coolant. On each subsequent instrument, the valve (or crane) is open a little more. Such a step adjustment allows you to align the pressure on the length of the circuit and set up the required costs of the coolant (and, accordingly, the temperature).

A small disadvantage of the dead-end construction of a two-pipe circuit is that with a significant opening of the regulatory reinforcement on the first or second radiator, they can earn in bypass mode. This situation is rarely rarely caused by the incorrect selection of pipeline diameters.

A more profitable hydraulic plan is a passing scheme, also known as Tichelman's loop. Here, direct and return pipelines have the same diameter, connect to radiators from different directions. This makes it possible to practically align the pressure of the coolant in all the heating devices without serious adjustment by regulatory devices - valves or cranes.

The installation of a line according to the scheme of the toselman requires more pipeline than to assemble a dead-end branch. The use of a schema is usually justified by the construction parameters of a heated building - sizes and a mutual location of the premises.

The two-pipe system allows you to mount a longer amount of radiators per line than a single-tube analog. Moreover, the Tichelman loop can work efficiently with a large number of heating elements than a dead-end configuration due to its hydraulic structure.

Two main varieties of a two-pipe system - dead-end and passing - serve as basic elements. The total device of the entire heating complex has the following constructive solutions:

1. Connecting system branches to vertical stands with the number of floors more than 1;
2. Inserting system branches in horizontal sun beds placed in the lower or top of the building;
3. Connecting dead-end branches or associated circulation schemes for distribution manifolds;
4. Construction of a two-pipe system with natural circulation.

A prerequisite for connecting deadlock or associated branches to standing and sun beds is to install at the site of attaching balancing valves. They are needed for general hydraulic setting Whole heating system.

It is worth noting that the two-pipe scheme is used mainly in closed-type systems with forced circulation. Construction open system With natural circulation, most often requires balancing - installation of shut-off valves.

Scheme of a two-pipe system with natural circulation of the coolant

For the submitted scheme required technical decision There will be a crane and feed limitation to the first radiator, otherwise the coolant will pass along the shortest path. In this case, subsequent radiators will receive an insufficient amount of heat.

Installing the crane or valve having a certain hydraulic resistance can make an imbalance into the gravitational movement of the coolant. therefore better decision To organize natural circulation is a single-tube scheme, usually performed in this case without bypass.

The two-rowing diagram of the heating system is the most popular configuration of water radiator heating of the premises. Due to its advantages - maneuverability, simplicity of balancing, independence of the instruments - she rightfully occupies a leading position in design solutions Heating complexes.

Developing a heating system for your home, we will certainly think about the laying of pipe laying and connecting radiators. Most often, the creation of projects uses common circuits with two pipes deposited by heated rooms. The two-pipe heating system is more complicated in the installation, but it has many indisputable advantages - it is about this that will go to the conversation in our review. We also consider:

• Structural features of two-pipe heating systems;
• Their main drawbacks;
• Varieties of two-pipe systems.

At the very end, we will talk about the most effective ways to connect batteries to heating systems.

Features of two-pipe heating systems

The two-pipe heating system is the most common laying scheme heating pipes and connecting radiators. It provides for the use of two pipes - one of the hot heat carrier is carried out, and on the second it is given to the heating boiler. This scheme is highly efficient and ensures a uniform distribution of heat over all heated rooms.

One-tube heating systems, unlike two-pipe, have a number of shortcomings:

The difference in the operation of one-tube and two-pipe heating systems is well illustrated by this picture.

• More limited contour length;
• The uneven distribution of heat for heated premises - suffer the latest rooms;
• It is difficult to dump multi-storey buildings;
• Increased hydrodynamic resistance in the heating system;
• Lack of separate adjustment of the heating temperature in different rooms;
• Difficulties in repair - you can not remove a faulty battery without stopping the entire system.

Some of the above problems is partially solved using the Leningradka scheme, but it is not a full-fledged output from the situation.

The two-pipe heating system involves the laying of two parallel pipes to which radiators are connected. The coolant from the feed pipe enters the heating devices, after which it is sent to the inverse tube (reverse). Despite the more impressive financial and labor costs, the finished system is obtained more functional and convenient to repair.

Two-pipe heating is actively used for heating rooms and buildings various destination. These include single-storey private houses and cottages, multi-storey apartment houses, as well as industrial and administrative buildings. In other words, the scope of its use is characterized by its breadth.

Advantages and disadvantages of two-pipe heating systems

Two-pipe heating is distinguished by its versatility. It works equally well both in small buildings and in multi-storey buildings, including in high-altitude residential buildings. Let's consider the main advantages of two-pipe systems:

When using two-pipe heating, even the most distant batteries in the house will be able to heat at an acceptable level.

• The elevated length of one line (contour) is relevant when heating the buildings stretched into the length, for example, hospital or hotel buildings;
• Uniform heat supply to the room - unlike single-tube systems, heat will even in the most distant rooms from the boiler;
• Two-pipe heating makes it possible to easily organize separate adjustment of the temperature in separate rooms and rooms - for this, the thermostatic heads are put on each battery;
• The ability to dismantle batteries and convectors without stopping the entire heating system - an important advantage that manifests itself in large buildings;
• Two-pipe heating is not better suited for heating the buildings of a large area - for a more uniform heat distribution, certain schemes of pipe laying and the connection of heating devices are used.

Unfortunately, it was not without certain minuses:

• Large costs of acquiring equipment - compared with single-tube heating systems, two-tuples require an increased amount of pipes;
• Complexity in the installation - an increase in the number of nodes and the need for the optimal distribution of the coolant for heated premises is affected.

Nevertheless, the advantages completely overlapping the above minuses.

Varieties of two-pipe heating systems

We have already familiarized yourself with the advantages and disadvantages of two-pipe heating systems, as well as with their distinctive features. It remains to talk about their varieties.

Forced or natural circulation

Natural coolant circulation provides for the absence of a circulation pump. The heated water circulates along the pipes alone, obeying the gravity forces. True, for this requires pipes of increased diameter - two-pipe heating with thin plastic pipes It will not be able to provide independent circulation, which is associated with high hydrostatic pressure in the system. Heating with natural circulation is simple and low cost, but it is necessary to remember the limited length of the contour - it is not recommended to do it longer than 30 meters.

The diagram of a two-pipe heating system with forced circulation involves the use of a circulation pump. It is installed next to the heating boiler and provides a quick drive of the pipe coolant. Due to this, the heating time is reduced, the length of the heating circuit increases, the heat energy distribution is significantly improved. The two-pipe heating circuit with forced circulation allows you to give the buildings of any floor - you only need to choose a productive pump.

Disadvantages of two-pipe heating systems with circulating pumps:

• Appreciation of installation - good pump It is expensive, while buying cheap does not make sense at the expense of its reduced service life;
• Possible noise - cheap pumps sooner or later begin to vibrate, the sounds from their work are spread over the pipes even in the farthest rooms. The higher the rotation speed of the pump shaft, the stronger the noise;
• Energy dependence of the heating system - when the electricity is disconnected, the coolant circulation is terminated.

For the correct operation of the two-pipe heating system with circulating pump, it is necessary to provide reserve source Power supply, otherwise a breakdown of the heating boiler is possible.

It should be noted that cheap circulation pumps are noisy even at the very beginning of operation. Elevated level Noise is most noticeable in heating with metal pipes. And if any section of the pipe will fall into the resonance, the sound will only increase.

It should also be paid to the method of laying pipes - in two-pipe systems of heating with natural circulation, a slope is provided than the normal movement of the coolant is provided. In circuits with forced circulation, no biases are needed.For the same reason, the pipes can be bend as much as possible, bypassing the obstacles - in contours with the natural movement of the pipe coolant should be as direct as possible in order not to create excessive hydrodynamic resistance.

Open and closed schemes

Two-pipe heating scheme open type Provides for the use of a traditional expansion tank, which is mounted at the highest outlet point. Pressure here is minimal, the coolant is in contact with the atmosphere. In the case of excessive expansion, water goes into a special nozzle leaving the tank. Undoubted plus Open contours is the ease of removal of air - it goes through the expansion tank on his own. Only here, along with the departure of the air, evaporating the coolant is observed, so its level must be constantly monitored.

In case of insufficient amount of water in open two-pipe heating systems, water bouffaging is heard in radiators.

Closed heating systems include sealed membrane expansion tanks. The coolant here circulates in a closed space, so it has nowhere to evaporate him. If necessary, you can pour non-freezing ethylene glycol. In order to prevent the concentration of the contour, the air bursts are set in it - automatic or manual.

In closed heating systems is necessarily put circulation pumpWhile it is not obligatory in its open.

Vertical and horizontal two-pipe heating systems

Two-pipe horizontal heating system is relevant in single-storey houses. There are two pipes on the premises, in parallel with which radiators are connected. If the household or building includes 2-3 floors, then each floor creates a separate horizontal circuit connected to vertical risers. Such a connection scheme provides a uniform distribution of the coolant on all floors and premises.

Vertical systems are most often mounted in apartment houses. Two vertical pipes from the top to the lower floor are mounted here. According to one, a hot heat carrier is served, on the other he descends back to the boiler room. Radiators are connected to both pipes. Most often, the scheme looks like the individual risers serve all radiators in the kitchens, others in the bedrooms, halls and other rooms.

Also, mixed systems are also laid in buildings, which include both vertical and horizontal sites.

Top and Lower Wiring

There are two-pipe heating systems with upper and lower pipe laying. The upper layout implies that the coolant first rises to the upper point of the contour, and from there it is distributed from separate vertical sites. A two-pipe heating with lower wiring provides that both pipes pass at the bottom (near the floor or under it), and they are departed from the branch upwards to radiators and individual cascades of radiators.

The upper layout is focused on the creation of two-pipe heating systems with independent movement of the coolant. The pipe from the boiler rises to the upper point of the system, from where the horizontal section begins - it is done under the slope. A similar slope is made in the inverse tube to the heat carrier independently tech to the side of the boiler, obeying the pressure in the contour and gravity.

The second scheme (lower) is optimal where you need to hide all pipes. In this case, the two-pipe system of heating with a lower layout of polypropylene is hiding in the floors or for the ceilings, only radiators and convectors are visible in the premises.

Connecting radiators

We introduced you to the main varieties of two-pipe heating systems. Now you know that the coolant is served here on one pipe, but removed on the other. Thereby ensures a uniform distribution of heat even in the largest buildings. Let's see how it is best to connect heating batteries. Three are provided possible schemes Connections:

• Side connection - the supplying and reverse tubes are suitable for the heating device on the side. Accordingly, the maximum warm sections will be placed only from one edge;
• Lower connection - the supplying and reverse tubes are suitable for lower edges of radiators and convectors. Heat losses in such a scheme will be maximum, since the coolant seeks to undergo the internal volume of the "wavelet", according to the most direct section;
• Diagonal - the most optimal connection diagram, providing a uniform heat distribution along the inner volume of radiators. For example, the supply pipe is suitable for the upper upper input, and the reducing - right lower (or vice versa). In this case, the coolant will mostly heat the entire area of \u200b\u200bheating devices.

The choice of a suitable scheme depends on the design of the heating system and the number of sections in the radiators.When creating two-pipe heating, we recommend making a choice in favor of a diagonal and lateral connection.

Video

The arrangement of any apartment or private house is very an important factor comfortable accommodation man. One of the main elements of the housing is the source of heat supply. For any private house, for example, one-storey, or apartment, one-tube and two-pipe heating system can be mounted. In the first embodiment, the installation is considered quite simple. It does not require too large material costs and long-term length of the pipeline.

However, a two-pipe heating circuit is more popular.

Operation of such a system is considered expedient and relevant in our time. Its main advantage, unlike a single-tube network, is that the acquisition of a double amount necessary for the installation of pipes is usually always justified. This is due to the fact that to create such a heating system there is no need to use pipes with a sufficiently large diameter. Also reduced level of need for shaped products, valves and fasteners. The difference in the value of materials for a two-pipe and one-tube heating system is insignificant, but the effect of using the first option is much higher. All installation work in this case is quite realistic to do even with your own hands.

Feature of the system of two-pipe housing heating

Availability in the house such heating network Always means a high-quality and comfortable way of heating your home. The diagram of the two-pipe system implies the mounted two pipes into each radiator. Hot water moves in one of them. It connects in parallel to all heating devices. Back to the system with the help of another pipe flows water, which has already managed to cool.

Special cranes are installed before radiators. With the help of them, any heating element can be turned off from thermal-contained. Radiator temperature S. hot water With a two-pipe system, it will be quite low. But the level of costs will still be lower than in the case of using a single-tube heating network. In practice, it is customary to allocate dead-end and direct-flowing two-pipe elements.

Mounting scheme for any similar heating system involves the presence of the following materials:

• water heating (boiler);
• safety valve;
• cleaning reagents;
• expansion tank;
• water circulation pump;
• radiators;
• pressure gauge to determine the pressure;
• additional fittings;
• air removal mechanism;
• pipes.

To install the system, you will need such tools:

• a hammer;
• drill;
• welding machine;
• adjustable and gas key;
• roulette;
• screwdriver;
• level and plumb.

Horizontal type of two-pipe system

The main difference between the vertical and horizontal view of the heating system is completely dependent on pipes. They connect all devices into a single holistic location mechanism. The two-pipe vertical scheme, unlike a single-tube system, is designed to attach all devices to a vertically located riser. When it operates, there are no air traffic jams, but at the same time installation and installation cost more. This type of heating is very well suited for a private multi-storey building, since all the floors can be separately connected to the riser.

The horizontal system is relevant for one-story building and has its own unique advantages. The radiators are attached to the pipeline, which is in the appropriate position. This type of heating is very convenient in arrangement. wooden houses and panel-skew buildings that do not have simpleness. Racing for wiring is usually installed in the corridors. For the horizontal heating system, the following scheme is suitable.

A similar type of heating element includes two main types of connecting thermal components - radiation and consistent. The first type of type is a separate heat supply to the radiator. The peculiarity of the sequential view of the horizontal two-pipe system is based on the total number of pipelines. Each of the above types has its own advantages. Upon radiation form, there is no need to control the passability of throtters, which are located near the boiler, and regulate the two-pipe heating system. Wherein temperature mode It remains unchanged and the same all radial length. One of the main disadvantages of such a heating system is a high consumption of material.

When stretching the horizontal wiring along the wall to the set of radiators, it is practically unable to keep quality appearance. Therefore, the optimal option will hide all the pipes during construction under the tie. Radiation system Most practical and appropriate to apply for one-story house. For heating of any premises, it will be advantageous to use a sequential two-pipe network. This is primarily due to the fact that in the heating system, the heat carrier temperature should always be maintained at one level.

For proper Installation And the settings of the horizontal two-pipe heating network must be taken into account the following nuances:

• the complete installation of this system, as a rule, takes a long period of time;
• all network adjustment must be implemented before the onset of cold;
• for the qualitative calculation of the horizontal heating system, you should seek help to a qualified technician.

Scheme of the two-pipe heating system with the upper layout type

The main essence of the vertical two-pipe heating system for a private house or an apartment that distinguishes it from a single-tube network is to parallel connecting radiators in which heat comes from the boiler. A feature of this method of heating is considered the mandatory presence of an expansion tank and top set Building pipeline. The coolant comes from the boiler up the pipeline, rising evenly for each eyeliner into all radiators. The expansion tank is set, as a rule, on top of the heating circuit.

The main difference between the vertical and horizontal system is that when installing the last, all pipes are mounted with a slight bias. Water from heat heaters returns back to the return pipe through reverse eyeliner, and from it back to the boiler. A feature of such a heating system is the presence of two pipelines - feed and reverse. Therefore, similar heat network It is called two-pipe, and not one-tube.

The water supply system is carried out using a water supply. In the absence of water supply, all liquid should be pouring manually through the hole of the expansion tank. The heating system is best to feed into the return when cold water Mixed with hot. At the same time, during the feeding, the circulation pressure increases and its level of density increases. The functional diagram of such a system is shown below.

With this type of two-pipe vertical heating, in contrast to a single-tube network, the heat carrier is heated under strong pressure and moves to the top level of the attic. After that, he descends down heating radiators. Back to pipes that are lower than the level of radiators, cooled water is supplied. With such a circulation, the expansion tank contributes to the automatic removal of any air savings.

Two-pipe heating system with lower wiring

A distinctive feature of this heating system is considered the feed pipe, which is set below near the opposite. Water at the bottom wiring along the feed pipe moves from the bottom up. It passes through the inverse liner and enters the pipe by means of heating devices. Next, water moves to the boiler. All air traffic jams are descended from the heating system with air cranes. They must be installed on each radiator. The scheme and advantages of the heating network look like this.

A two-pipe heating network with lower layout, as a rule, is designed with one, several, passing or dead-end circuits. In practice, this type of heating system is not very often applied. This is due to the fact that on each end radiator must install airborne rason. These systems have a special expansion tank, with which the air mass is involved in the circulation ring. In this regard, the process of issuing air from radiators must be carried out once a week. One of the main advantages of the system is the possibility of heating at home before the complete end of the building process.

Scheme of two-pipe heating system

A feature of a two-pipe system is the presence of two pipes connected to each of the radiators: the top with a direct current, and the bottom - with the opposite. It is different from a single-tube heating network. The circuit of the heating network for a private house or apartment includes the following components:

• boiler;
• thermostatic valve;
• auto aircraft;
• balancing device;
• batteries;
• valve;
• tank;
• pipeline filter;
• temperature gauge;
• pump;
• safety valve.

The working circuit of two-pipe heating for a private two-storey house is shown below.

The expansion tank must be installed on the topmost element of the system. In the event that your home is equipped with an autonomous water supply system, the above element can be combined with water supplied tank. The permissible parameter of the liner of pipes in the return and feed should not exceed 10 cm 20 meters of the route. The two-pipe heating system in the process of its installation is often separated by two separate knees if the lower laying pipe is turned out directly at the input door. It should be created from the location of the upper point in the system.

If there is an autonomous two-pipe heating network with a top-end layout can be implemented various scheme Installations. It all depends on the location of the location expansion tank and level height from the floor. The optimal solution will be the installation of a tank in a warm room with free access to it. However, if the upper pipe of the horizontal type feed will be in the middle between the window and the ceiling, then this installation will be very uncomfortable. Installing the expansion tank above the overlap, for example, in the attic, will also be completely wrong in terms of safety during a cold period of time.

The best will be the process of operating a two-pipe system in the presence of a maximum pipe length for heat supply. With different diameter of these elements, the quality and return of such a heating network will always increase. This is due to the fact that at the very beginning of the wiring is the top point of the pipes of thermople. The effectiveness of any heating system increases if there is a pump for circulation in it. It has a power that varies from 65 to 110 watts, and when long operation There is no need for its additional service.

Thanks to this component, the heating rate of any room is quite strongly increasing. But with the two-pipe heating system with the upper type of layout, the use of such an element will be inappropriate and superfluous.