Heating systems

Water installation heating system can be done in different ways. The centerpiece is the heat generating unit. It forms the temperature of the coolant, which, with the help of natural or forced circulation, is delivered to the heating devices along the laid lines. Conventionally, the transport network can be divided into two types. It can be assembled using one-pipe and two-pipe junction. It is easier to independently mount a one-pipe line, and the calculation of a two-pipe heating system must be carried out taking into account many technical parameters different technical units.

To understand which system is better, a detailed analysis of the principle of operation of each option, as well as their operational advantages and disadvantages, will help. This will be discussed further.

One-pipe heating system

The single-pipe heating system began to be used initially, when the full-scale construction of small-sized five-story buildings was completed in the Soviet Union, and central heating was put into operation. Before the communal services were given the task - to provide the people with warmth and to make it as cheap as possible. Therefore, it was decided to save on everything, including the laying of utilities. That is why the one-pipe heating system was born, which allows heating both residential and industrial sectors.

A serious economic effect when using a one-pipe system is formed due to the absence of coolant return risers. The vertical assembly of such a line does not require a lot of labor, therefore, it was she who was most often used until recently. At the same time, no one counted heat losses. Nobody thought about the effectiveness of the described pipeline assembly. However, many years of operation made it possible to identify all the shortcomings of a one-pipe line.

How does a one-pipe line work?

The principle of operation of a single-pipe piping is very clear. The coolant supply has one closed system, consisting of heating installation and heating appliances. They are tied together with one circuit with one riser. It is he who, in a sequential order, connects all technical units. In order to ensure the transportation of the coolant, a hydraulic pump is often used, which pushes hot water along vertical risers laid in apartment buildings.

According to the implementation scheme, the one-pipe system is divided into two types:

• Vertical.
• Horizontal.

Vertical is used to organize heating in multi-storey buildings... In this case, the batteries are connected from the upper floor to the lower one by means of a vertical riser. The horizontal strapping is best suited for a private home. In this case, all radiators are connected in sequential order using a horizontal riser.

Negative aspects of using the described option

One-pipe heating system

Both vertical and horizontal strapping do not always work effectively. Series connection of radiators does not allow temperature control in a separate room. If somewhere in the middle, with the help of a thermal valve, slightly shut off the coolant supply, wanting to reduce the heating temperature of a separate room, all subsequent heating devices will become cold.

More than 10 batteries must not be connected to a vertical riser at the same time. Violation of this rule will lead to the fact that at the very top the coolant temperature will have maximum values ​​- approximately +105 degrees, and on the lower floor the batteries will not warm up above +45 degrees. IN winter time years when outside the window are very coldy this is not enough and people will freeze.

Another serious disadvantage is the need to use a powerful pumping equipment... It is the powerful hydraulic pump that provides the necessary pressure inside the system, which allows the efficient operation of a single-pipe piping. Its inclusion in the system increases operating costs, but this is not the worst thing.

Any hydraulic pump cannot provide uniform pressure within the system, therefore, water hammer often occurs, contributing to the appearance of leaks. Accidents force the system to be constantly replenished with water. And this also leads to additional costs.

And last negative point operation of one-pipe piping. For its normal functioning, it is necessary to install a special expander tank. When heating a private house, it is placed in the attic, and there it is equipped Utility room to service this node. In an apartment building, a similar problem is solved in a different way. Stable temperature balancing is ensured by installing jumpers on each floor. And also by increasing the number of radiator sections, with which the lower floors are heated.

Positive points

Private house heating system

Despite this a large number of cons of a one-pipe system, it has its own positive operational and specifications... They are quite capable of compensating for all the listed disadvantages:

• Firstly, with the advent of new technologies, it was possible to eliminate the problem of uneven heating of rooms. This is done by installing modern radiators, supplemented with automatic thermostats, thermostatic valves or radiator regulators. Their use is especially important when heating a private house.
• Secondly, the use of bypasses and valves, with the help of which balancing is carried out, as well as convenient ball valves and reliable shutter equipment, makes it possible to repair one heater without shutting down the entire system as a whole.
• Thirdly, the assembly of a one-pipe system still takes 2 times less material than for the installation of a two-pipe system. Absence extra pipes, jumpers and complex connections to batteries allows you not only to save on the purchase additional elements and the installation of the pipeline itself, but also to lay a pipeline that looks more aesthetically pleasing.

Two-pipe heating system

The principle of operation of a two-pipe heating system is somewhat different from that described above. In this case, the coolant rises along the riser and is supplied to each heating battery. And then, along the return line, it returns back to the pipeline, which transports it to the heating boiler.

With this scheme, the radiator is served by two pipes - supply and return, therefore the system is called two-pipe.

What are the benefits of this layout?

Two-pipe line

What can you expect by choosing this option the organization of heating a private and residential apartment building?

• Such a system allows for uniform heating of each radiator. Any battery, no matter what floor it is on, receives hot water at the same temperature. If desired, a thermostat can be installed on the radiator, and then the weather in the house lends itself self-adjustment... The heat transfer of radiators installed in other apartments is not affected by the use of a thermostat in a single room.
• In a two-pipe piping, there are no large pressure losses during the circulation of the coolant. Therefore, a powerful hydraulic pump is not needed for the system to function properly. Water is able to circulate thanks to gravitational force, that is, by gravity. And if the water pressure is weak, it is enough to install a low-power pumping unit, which is more economical and easy to maintain.
• With the help of shut-off equipment, bypasses and valves, it is easy to organize such schemes that will allow you to repair one heating device, if necessary, without turning off all the heating of the house.
• Another additional bonus of two-pipe piping is the ability to use associated and dead-end hot water.

What passing scheme? This is when water flows both in the supply and in the return in the same direction. In a dead-end scheme, the supply and return water circulates in opposite directions. When driving along the way, provided that radiators of the same power are used, an ideal hydraulic balancing is established. Therefore, it is not necessary to additionally use battery presetting valves.

If the heating devices have different power, you will have to calculate the heat loss of each, carry out the calculation and link the radiators using thermostatic valves. It is very difficult to do it yourself without knowledge and skills.

Note! Associated hydraulic gravity is used where long-distance pipelines are installed. For short systems, a dead-end scheme of the coolant movement is used.

Classification of a two-pipe heating system

Types of systems

The classification of the two-pipe piping is made according to the location of the pipeline and the method of arranging the piping system.

According to the location of the pipeline, it is divided into vertical and horizontal. At vertical pattern all batteries are connected to a vertical riser. This option is most often used in apartment buildings. The main advantage of this connection is the lack of air congestion.

For a large private house, experts recommend choosing a horizontal two-pipe wiring and installing a Mayevsky crane in each radiator. It is needed to bleed air, and an example of its correct installation has been described in detail in previous articles more than once.

According to the wiring method, the two-pipe system can be with lower and upper piping. In this case, the hot water riser is placed in basement floor or basement. The return line is located here, but is installed below the supply. All radiators are at the top. The top is connected to the common circuit. air line, allowing you to remove excess air from the system.

During installation top harness the entire distribution line is mounted in the insulated attic of the building. An expansion tank is also installed there. You cannot use this scheme if you have a flat roof.

Disadvantages of a two-pipe system

Dual-circuit system

Comparing the two battery harness circuits, it is easy to conclude which one is better. The two-pipe system is much more efficient in any case. But it has one significant drawback. It will take twice as many pipes to assemble it. In addition, they come with a large number of fasteners, valves and fittings, so the installation of a two-pipe system is much more expensive.

Until recently, when steel pipes and labor-intensive welding processes were used to assemble the double-pipe piping, the amount was prohibitive. With the advent of metal-plastic and hot-brazing technology, the laying of a two-pipe line has become available to almost everyone.

Generalization on the topic

We hope you have concluded for yourself which piping system for heating batteries is better - one-pipe or two-pipe. For a private house of a small area and a multi-storey building, the height of which does not exceed 5 floors, a single-pipe piping can be an ideal option. In all other cases, it is worth using a two-pipe scheme.

Add to bookmarks

Heating systems: one-pipe, two-pipe.

Nowadays, two different heating systems are installed in houses: one-pipe or two-pipe. Each has its own design features... Two-pipe heating systems are the most popular.

Nowadays, 2 different heating systems are installed in houses: one-pipe or two-pipe, and each has its own characteristics.

One-pipe heating system

To understand what it looks like, look at the ring with a stone. In the heating system, the boiler plays the role of a stone. As for the ring, these are pipes of a specific diameter that run along the perimeter of the entire building. Radiators are connected to them. Water and sometimes antifreeze are often used as a coolant. The functionality of a one-pipe heating system is based on the gradual release of heat from water. After passing through the ring, the water returns to the boiler with a lower temperature.

This circuit usually has natural circulation coolant. Hot water first served on the upper floor. And then, passing through the radiators, the part of the heat that has given off goes down to the boiler, carrying out full circulation. One-pipe heating system can be supplemented with elements:

• thermostatic valves;
• radiator regulators;
• balancing valves;
• ball valves.

Thanks to them, it becomes more balanced and it becomes possible to change the temperature in certain radiators.

Distinctive features of the heating system

The biggest plus is electrical independence, and the minus is pipes with large diameter and the routing is made with a slope.

In comparison with the two-pipe version, there are quite a few advantages:

• pipes can be diverted to the “warm floor” system or heating radiators can be connected;
• it can be carried out regardless of the layout of the room;
• it covers the entire perimeter with a closed ring;
• it is less material intensive and has a lower cost.

When using, difficulties may sometimes arise with circulation through the pipes, but this is easily solved by installing pump equipment. It produces competent circulation of the coolant through the pipes.

Vertical one-pipe scheme Is a popular example of wiring in apartment buildings.

And horizontal is used mainly for heating huge rooms and in private buildings are used very rarely (mainly in small one-story houses). Here, the supply pipe bypasses the heating devices, which are on the same level. The water in each radiator cools down and, approaching the last heating devices, it becomes already significantly cooled. This scheme will help reduce installation and piping costs, but has two disadvantages.

Firstly, it is a problem with heat regulation in any heating device. You cannot increase heat transfer, reduce it, turn off the radiator. In the practice of installation, there is a jumper - bypass, which allows you to turn off the radiator without shutting down the system. The room is heated indirectly by means of a riser or supply pipes. Another disadvantage is that you need to use radiators of various sizes. In order for the heat transfer to be the same, the first heater must be very small, and the last one must be large. A horizontal one-pipe heating scheme is also used.

Double pipe system

There are several types of it. The principle of operation is the same and consists in the following. Hot water rises through the riser and from it enters the radiators. And of them, through highways and return connections, it enters the pipeline, then into heating device... With this system, the radiator is served by two pipes at the same time: return and supply, therefore it is called two-pipe. Water is supplied to this system directly from the mains. She needs an expansion tank, which is either simple or with water circulation.

The simple structure includes a container with 2 pipes. One is a water supply riser, and the second is used to drain excess liquid.

More complex construction has 4 pipes. 2 pipes provide circulation, and 2 others are needed for control and overflow, they also monitor the water level in the tank.

Two-pipe systems can be operated using a circulation pump. Depending on the way of circulation, it can be with a passing flow or a dead-end one. In the second movement warm water completely opposite to the direction of the already cooled one. Such a scheme is characterized by the length of the circulation rings, which depends on the distance of the heater from the boiler. Circulation rings have the same length in systems with one-way water movement, all devices and risers work in equal conditions.

A two-pipe heating system has a large set of advantages compared to a one-pipe heating system:

• the ability to distribute the heat supply in different rooms;
• can be used on one floor;
• locking systems of the return and supply risers are located in the basement - this significantly saves the area of ​​living quarters;
• minimizing heat loss.

The only drawback is the considerable consumption of materials: pipes need 2 times more than for a single-pipe supply. Also, the disadvantage is the low water pressure in the supply line: taps will be needed to bleed air.

The horizontal closed two-pipe scheme is available with bottom and top wiring. Benefit of bottom routing: sections of the system can be put into operation gradually, as the floors are built. The vertical two-pipe scheme can be used in houses with variable number of storeys. Any of the varieties of two-pipe schemes is more expensive than single-pipe horizontal wiring, for the sake of comfort and design, it is worth giving preference to a two-pipe scheme.

One-pipe and two-pipe systems: comparison

One-pipe systems, unlike two-pipe systems, do not have return risers. The coolant from the boiler, under the action of the circulating pressure or pump, enters the upper heating devices. Cooling down, it returns back to the supply riser and goes down. The radiators located below receive a mixture of coolant from the riser and from the upper radiators. Passing through all radiators and other heat consumers, the coolant returns back to the boiler, where the process is repeated again. The temperature of the coolant decreases when passing in a circle, and therefore the lower the radiator is, the larger the heating surface must be.

There are 2 schemes for one-pipe systems. This is a flow-through and mixed circuit. The flow-through circuit has a peculiarity - the complete absence of jumpers between the supply and exit from the radiator. These schemes are almost never used in the installation of heating systems due to their impracticality. One battery breaks, and you need to turn off the riser, because there is no way to turn on the coolant bypassing. The advantage of one-pipe systems is the lower cost of building materials and ease of installation. Installation of one-pipe systems requires top routing.

A two-pipe heating system can be used in any buildings: multi-storey, one-storey, etc. A two-pipe heating system is easy to implement with normal circulation, since its configuration makes it possible to organize a circulating pressure, do not forget that the boiler must be installed below the level of the radiators. It is possible to organize a heating system with forced circulation by simply placing a circulation pump in the circuit.

If it is possible to implement a ring circuit, then you need to make it. A two-pipe system usually needs to be installed where there are gas difficulties, power outages, etc. For this system, a solid fuel boiler and larger pipes are enough. Has delivered firewood or coal, and you do not worry about frost.

Heating systems installation methods

The installation methods depend on the characteristics of the system.

The cost of heating installation work is determined by the features of a specific project, and everything can be calculated only by specialists with experience in such work.

If it is necessary to install heating with normal circulation, the installation of a system with a top spill will become effective. The water circulates through the pipes by itself. Bottom pour systems do not work efficiently without circulation pump.

Scheme of the collector (beam) wiring of the heating system.

Installation methods are also classified:

• by the type of wiring (collector, beam);
• by the number of risers;
• by the type of pipe connection (side or bottom).

Heating installation with bottom connection pipes are the most popular. It becomes possible not to run the pipeline directly along the walls, but to hide it under the floor or baseboard. The aesthetic appearance of the room is achieved.

The main classification of installation methods is carried out completely depending on the scheme. You can do the installation of a two-pipe heating system or installation one-pipe heating... In the second case, water flows through the pipeline through the radiators, cooling along the way. The last radiator will be colder than the first... With a two-pipe system, 2 pipes are connected to the radiators: return and direct. This allows the radiators to have the same temperature. The first option is the simplest and cheapest, due to the low cost of materials. But it is only effective in small homes. If your house is over 100 square meters or it has more than 1 floor, it is better to do the installation two-pipe heating.

The two-pipe system provides an excellent choice of radiator mounting methods:

• serial connection;
• parallel connection;
• side one-way connection;
• diagonal connection.

Depending on the location of the supply risers, there are certain ways of installing autonomous heating:

1. Heating with horizontal distribution.
2. Heating with vertical distribution.
3. Heating without risers with flow and return pipes.

The one-pipe system is cheaper. If you care about the quality of the heating system, there is no need to spare money for two-pipe wiring, since we get the opportunity to control heat in the rooms.

Warmth is an integral part of comfort in apartments and private houses. Water heating is predominantly used. Water heating is available with one-pipe and two-pipe circuits. In the first case, the water, passing along a closed circuit, cools down greatly. Each subsequent radiator receives a colder fluid. The two-pipe system eliminates this disadvantage.

A two-pipe heating system is effective for a private house. These designs have become more popular. The complexity of installation and a slightly higher consumption of materials pay off with clear advantages.

Advantages of two-pipe heating:

1. Each radiator receives an equally heated heating medium, increasing the air temperature in the room.
2. The ability to regulate the heat of each battery by installing a thermostat.
3. If one of the systems breaks down, repairs can be carried out without stopping the heating. For this, locking elements must be installed.
4. Small diameter pipes can be used for installation, significantly saving money.
5. Installation in a room of any size.

A distinctive feature of the system is the connection of 2 pipes to each radiator. Through the first, heat enters the battery, the second removes the cooled liquid from the device. This design allows you to effectively heat the room.

Layout of pipes of a two-pipe heating system

The two-pipe distribution scheme is of 2 types, vertical and horizontal. In the first case, the heating elements are located vertically along one riser, which is typical for apartment buildings. In most cases, the coolant is fed upwards, the drain goes down by gravity.

At horizontal version, the batteries are located in one line. This layout is inherent in one-story buildings.

The two-pipe design can be open and. Any heating includes an expansion tank as part of the elements. When heated, the pressure in the pipes increases, and the compensation system allows you to maintain the required operating level. The device is placed at the highest point, usually in the attics of houses. With open piping, the liquid in the tank comes into contact with air. Part of it evaporates, so such a system requires constant monitoring. In the closed type, the structure is provided with a membrane, and does not require constant attention.

The advantage of the scheme:

• A more aesthetic appearance of the room, the pipes are hidden under the batteries and are not striking;
• For access to radiators, one hole is required;
• Heat losses are reduced.

All heating systems can be performed with natural and forced circulation. The choice of design is influenced by the upper or lower water supply. For the bottom supply, it is necessary to install forced water circulation. Pipes from the boiler to the radiators are laid at floor level, just below the batteries. Along the entire perimeter of the room, 2 pipes are passed: distribution and return. They are connected to each radiator using fittings and tees. Such a system can be constructed from metal-plastic or polypropylene pipes independently, without resorting to the services of specialists.

Option with top wiring in a two-pipe heating system of a private house

In private houses, it is possible to install both the lower and the upper distribution. For the upper distribution, the use of natural water circulation is preferable. The distribution with hot coolant is pulled from the boiler to the ceiling, then laid along the perimeter of the building.

Construction description:

• From the upper pipe, the bends are vertically lowered to the radiators;
• Reverse is laid on the floor level;
• Connect both pipes to radiators;
• For physical circulation, the angle of inclination of the pipe should be 3-5ᵒ, while the expansion tank is installed at the highest point of the circuit.

The natural circulation heating system starts working when the water is heated. The coolant becomes lighter and rushes upward, reaching the highest point of the circuit, then goes down the pipes into the radiators, cooling down and becoming heavier, goes back to the boiler.

The lower the room temperature, the faster the circulation of water in the batteries.

The maximum effect from the top distribution can be obtained in a 2-storey building. Natural circulation will be stimulated by the difference in the height of the batteries on the 2nd floor and the installation of the boiler in the basement. The disadvantage of the upper circuit is the external aesthetic appearance, in addition to this, some of the heat goes up. You can compensate for the disadvantage by combining one-pipe and two-pipe heating. For example, make a single-pipe warm floor on the 2nd floor, on the 1st, make a two-pipe wiring.

Precise calculation of a two-pipe heating system

Before starting work, it is necessary to draw up a heating scheme, decide on the material, and make a hydraulic calculation. It is necessary to calculate the head drop in the back section or to calculate the pipe diameter.

The calculation is carried out taking into account the following factors:

• The inner surface of the pipes and its roughness;
• Section diameter;
• Number of pipe bends;
• Differential pressure between supply and return;
• The number of radiators and their cross-section;
• Locking elements.

When calculating, use formulas and an axonometric table. You can use a special software program. The most loaded ring or contour is taken as the main object. As a result of calculations, optimal speed movement should be between 0.3 and 0.7 m / s.

At a higher speed, the heating will make noise, at a lower speed, a strong temperature variation will occur.

After the calculations, pipes with an effective diameter are purchased, required amount radiators, boiler, fittings, squeegees, expansion tank, circulation pump, if necessary.

Stages of work on the installation of two-pipe heating with your own hands

The installation of the heating system begins with the installation of the boiler. A heat generator for gas and electricity is located in any room. For boilers for liquid and solid fuels, it is necessary separate niche... When installing radiators, it is necessary to take into account a pipeline slope of 1-2% in relation to the entire length of the pipe.

Work plan:

1. Boiler installation.
2. The main pipe is led out from the heat generator with hot water running through all radiators.
3. Parallel to the first, a second line with a reverse stroke is drawn.
4. With a forced heating option, a circular pump is cut in.
5. Install radiators. The batteries are suspended on special brackets. All radiators must be at the same level. For ease of use, they are equipped with shut-off valves at the entry and exit points. Batteries are connected in several ways: side, diagonal, bottom connection. Side and diagonal designs are most effective.
6. The heating system is completed by installing pipes of associated units, installing an expansion barrel and additional elements.

The highway should not contain direct and sharp corners, as resistance will increase. Cocks and valves must be suitable for pipe sizes. With a design with top wiring, the expansion tank is placed in an insulated attic. After the completion of all installation work, the moment comes to connect the system.

To do this, shut off all the taps, and be sure to slowly fill the supply circuit.

Next, the valve of the first battery is opened, and air is vented with the help of an even stream. The element is closed and the radiator outlet valve is opened. These manipulations must be carried out with each radiator. All detected defects are eliminated.

Do-it-yourself double-pipe heating of a private house (video)

Do-it-yourself installation of a two-pipe system will take large quantity time, ultimately provide effective and practical heating, and will save on installation work... It is important to choose the right option for the house, and make a competent calculation of the system parameters. Skillful hands and following the instructions will transform the home, making it cozy and warm.

Examples of heating wiring in a private house (photo)

The two-pipe heating system has a more complex architecture, and its installation requires a lot of materials. And yet, this system is more in demand than a simple one-pipe heating system. A two-pipe heating system consists of two closed circuits, one of which serves to supply the heated coolant to the radiators, and the second for the outflow of the already spent (cooled) liquid. The use of this system is permissible for all types of buildings, provided that the very layout of the premises allows its installation.

Two-pipe heating system

Types and advantages of a two-pipe heating system

The technical feature of this type of heating system is that it consists of two pipelines. One is used to transport the coolant heated in the boiler directly to heating sources - radiators. And the second circuit is necessary for the outflow of the already spent coolant from the radiators - the cooled liquid, which has given up its heat.

A two-circuit heating system has a significant advantage over a single-pipe one, in which the heated coolant loses some of the heat even before it reaches the radiators.

In a system such as an associated two-pipe heating system, there is an equal temperature of the coolant entering the heating devices of the system at the same time.

Diagram of a two-pipe heating system

Many believe that the cost of a two-pipe system, in comparison with a simpler one-pipe system, almost doubles - after all, it is necessary to take twice as many pipes. But this is not the case. The fact is that for the correct construction of a properly functioning one-pipe system, pipes should be used larger diameter, since they contribute to a more active movement of the coolant and waste liquid. And when creating a two-pipe system, pipes of a much smaller diameter are used, the cost of which is lower.

The same situation is observed when purchasing additional system components - valves, squeegees, connecting elements. Larger diameters are more expensive. That is, a simple conclusion can be drawn - in fact, the purchase of materials for a two-pipe system will not cost you much more than for a one-pipe system. But the efficiency of its work is much higher.

A significant advantage of the two-pipe system is another aspect - in such a heating system, it is possible to install valves on each radiator, through which you can control the heating level of the element. In addition, by means of such valves, it is also possible to significantly save the consumption of water and electricity for heating it.

It should be noted that the scheme of a two-pipe heating system has another advantage. It consists in a comparatively greater aesthetics.

Many owners of houses with a one-pipe system are often upset by the fact that a very thick heating pipe cannot be hidden - and this significantly spoils the overall impression of the room. While the pipes used in a more complex two-pipe system are thinner - and it will not be difficult to hide them. And even if the pipes are visible, they do not attract special attention.

Considering all obvious advantages a two-pipe system - great efficiency, low cost and aesthetics, you can confidently stop your choice on it. Which is what most country house owners do.

There are two types of two-pipe heating systems - horizontal and vertical 2-pipe heating systems. The main difference between these types is in the axis of the pipeline location. Through these pipes, all elements of the heating system are connected. Of course, each type has its own disadvantages and advantages. Common to both types can be called such advantages - excellent hydraulic stability and high level heat transfer.

It should be installed in single-storey buildings where the heating piping is quite long. In such homes, connecting heating radiators to a horizontal system is the most practical solution to the issue.

It is somewhat more expensive than the horizontal one. However, since the riser is vertical, it can be used even in multi-storey buildings. In this case, each floor is separately cut into the central heating riser. In addition, the benefits vertical type the heating system also consists in the fact that air does not accumulate in it - when bubbles arise, they immediately rise vertically, directly into the expansion tank.

Whichever type of system you choose, it should be borne in mind that it is imperative to carry out balancing. When choosing a vertical system, balancing a two-pipe heating system is required by the riser itself. When the horizontal adjustment of a two-pipe heating system takes place, the loops are subjected to it.

Types of wiring for a two-pipe system

Regardless of which type of two-pipe heating system you choose for own home, there is another system for dividing it - according to the principle of organizing the wiring. In the photo you can see two different schemes wiring. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages of a two-pipe heating system.

With it, the laying of a pipeline with a hot coolant is carried out in a basement or basement room. It is also allowed to lay pipes in the subfield. With this type of gasket, it should be borne in mind that the pipes for returning the spent heat carrier back to the boiler must be located even lower. The use of the principle of horizontal wiring provides for the need for some deepening of the boiler - only in this case, the water will move from the radiators to heating element as quickly as possible. In addition, there is a need to connect an additional air line to the circuit. With its help, it will be possible to remove air from the system.

For its construction, it is necessary to place an expansion tank at the highest point of the pipeline. The branching of the system is also carried out there. More practical, top routing cannot be installed in buildings that do not have an attic.

You can choose the most suitable type of wiring, regardless of what type of arrangement of the supply pipe is used in your home.

However, there are some requirements that must be taken into account. In particular, for houses in which a two-pipe vertical heating system is installed, the most appropriate is the use of a lower wiring. This is due to the fact that two-pipe heating with lower wiring allows you to make maximum use of the pressure that occurs in the system with a rather large difference between the coolant and the waste liquid. Of course, if the architectural features of the building do not allow the use of the lower wiring, the use of the upper one is permissible.

It should be borne in mind that the use of the upper wiring both for the supply of coolant to the radiators and for the return of the reflux to the boiler is not The best decision as sludge may accumulate in the lower elements of the system.

In fact, the classification of a two-pipe heating system is very multifaceted.

Another principle of separation is the directionality of the coolant flow. According to this criterion, the system can be:

• straight-through. In this case, the direction of movement of the coolant and the return flow coincide.
• dead end. In the case of using such a scheme as a two-pipe dead-end heating system, the hot and waste heat carrier move in different directions.

Modern systems can be equipped with a special pump, due to which there is a more active movement of the coolant. At the same time, systems with natural circulation are often used, in which additional equipment is not used. If you intend to use a two-pipe system in a two-story house, then such a double-circuit heating should certainly be equipped with a pump.

Heating system with circulation pump

But when installing a two-pipe heating system in a one-story room, you can do without a pump, using some laws of physics for the natural movement of the coolant. It is important to take into account that for a more active natural circulation of the coolant, it is necessary to lay heating pipes with a slope towards the heating boiler.

However, regardless of the system you use (with forced and natural circulation), the slope must be present.

For systems with forced circulation, it is necessary in the event of an unexpected power outage or pump breakdown. In this case, the slope allows the coolant to circulate naturally.

Calculation

When planning a two-pipe system, it is important to carry out a preliminary calculation of the two-pipe heating system using such a reference point as a preliminary system diagram (all elements must be indicated on it) and special axonometric formulas and tables.

This simple hydraulic calculation of a two-pipe heating system allows you to determine the optimal pipe diameter required for the normal functioning of the system, the volume of radiators used. The most commonly used types of calculations are:

• loss of pressure. This method assumes an equal level of coolant temperature in all parts of the system.
• calculations taking into account the value of conductivity and resistance. In this case, a different value of the temperature indicators is assumed.

As a result of applying the first method, you can get very accurate data showing the level of resistance in the circuit. The second method shows the temperature in each individual segment of the system, as well as the approximate flow rate of the coolant.

Installation principles for a two-pipe system

When installing a two-pipe system, a fairly large number of requirements and rules should be taken into account. Only their full compliance will allow you to create the maximum effective system heating and produce correct installation two-pipe heating system:

• two-pipe closed system heating or open one consists of two circuits - the upper one serves to supply the heated coolant to the radiators, and the lower one - for the outflow of the waste liquid.
• pipes should be laid with a slight slope. It must be directed towards the last radiator of the system.
• the upper and lower lines must be parallel.
• the central riser must be insulated - in otherwise there will be a loss of coolant at the stage of its movement to the radiators.

• a two-pipe reversible heating system should have several taps that will allow water to be drained from individual sections in case of a need for repairs.

• the pipeline should contain as few corners as possible.
• the expansion vessel should be located at the top of the system.
• taps, connections and other elements of the system must be equal to the diameter of the pipes used.
• if steel pipes are used for the pipeline, it is also necessary to create a system of fasteners that will support the pipe. The distance between the supports should not exceed 1.2 meters.

The sequence of connecting the elements in how to make a two-pipe heating system is simple:

• a central heating pipe is connected to the heating boiler.
• in the upper part, the central riser is connected to the expansion tank.
• a splitter is led out from the tank, directing the pipes to the radiators.
• the waste liquid discharge line is laid parallel to the supply pipes. It should be cut into the bottom of the heating boiler.
• the pump is installed at the most convenient point - most often at the inlet (outlet) of the boiler.

This type of heating system is quite efficient. Today there are a large number of boiler models that assume automatic control of the heating agent heating level. A video on how to make double-circuit heating with your own hands can be seen below.

The heating system of a private house is an obligatory and integral part of housing in the Russian Federation, the territory of which is mainly in the cold climatic zone... Regardless of the type of heat generator (gas, electric, solid and liquid fuel boilers), heat sources (radiators, registers or batteries) are mounted in the house, and the scheme of a two-pipe heating system is currently the most demanded and preferred because of its efficiency and high efficiency. Although a one-pipe circuit is simpler and cheaper to install, it is less effective, since it does not have the ability to regulate heat transfer in each room and for each heating device, be it a battery, a radiator or a homemade pipe register.

Varieties of double-circuit wiring of the coolant

The main advantage that a two-pipe heating scheme gives is a very high heat transfer efficiency, therefore even double costs for pipes, in comparison with a single-pipe network, are justified many times over. How can this be explained? Pipes in this scheme are used with a small diameter - the main source of heat is the radiator - and due to significant savings on materials, it turns out to cut the estimate. You also need to purchase a lot less fittings, valves and other accessories. The entire assembly of the system is easily done by hand.

The equipment in a private house with two-pipe heating means warmth, coziness, comfort and the quality of the heating method used. The arrangement itself according to the two-pipe scheme is the supply of two pipes to each radiator: one is supplied with a hot coolant, the other is discharged. The supply is connected to all radiators in parallel, and a shut-off valve is cut in front of each heat source to regulate heat exchange, carry out preventive maintenance or repair the system without a general shutdown.

For the installation of pipe routing according to a two-pipe scheme, you will need to purchase the following materials:

1. Heating boiler, expansion tank and circulation pump (if not already installed in the boiler);
2. Heating radiators or radiators, safety valve, pressure gauge;
3. Cleaning reagents, accessories (quantity and functionality is determined based on the project or scheme), air venting devices (Mayevsky taps, valves);
4. Reinforced plastic or PVC pipes.

And such tools:

1. Impact drill and screwdriver;
2. Welding machine and electrodes with a diameter of 3-4 mm;
3. Keys - adjustable and gas, as well as a tape measure and a hammer;
4. Plumb line and spirit level.

A significant and fundamental difference between heating schemes in the vertical and horizontal plane lies in their wiring. The pipes enclose all batteries in one system, but according to different schemes.

Top Wired Heating - Varieties

Home heating systems with top wiring connect all radiators to a vertical riser that supplies heated coolant to the system. This is a reliable system in operation, since air jams cannot appear in it, but installation and wiring is more expensive than a single-pipe circuit. This heating scheme is optimal for low-rise building or a cottage, since each floor can be connected to the boiler with a separate branch.

Two-pipe horizontal connection is relevant for one-storey house... Heat sources are connected to horizontally laid pipes, the connection risers of which are usually mounted in hallways, halls or corridors.

Such a two-pipe heating system, the circuit of which is assembled according to the horizontal type, can have radial (collector) and series types of radiator connection. With radial wiring, the coolant is supplied separately to the radiators, and at the same time there is no need to regulate the heat supply in each individual heater, since the heat is distributed evenly through the pipes and radiators throughout the entire system. Beam scheme wiring is effective in a one-story building.

The daisy chain solution is based on the total number of pipes, and if there are few of them, then this type of connection can be implemented. With horizontal routing along the walls, it is difficult to ensure the original intentions of the designer - a large number of pipes will ruin everything. The only solution is to hide all the wiring under the floor or in the walls even at the design stage of the house and heating.

The installation and wiring of a two-pipe heating system using a horizontal type of heating has its own secrets:

1. This is a long and laborious process;
2. It is recommended to connect and adjust the entire circuit for each room before the onset of frost;
3. The correct calculation is the warmth in the house. Therefore, if you are not sure of your capabilities, contact a specialized company.

The principle of operation of a two-pipe vertical system, according to which the heating of the house is organized, is based on parallel connection heating points (batteries or radiators). In such a scheme, the presence of an expansion tank is mandatory, as is the piping along the upper circuit. Hot coolant from the boiler rises through each pipe, reaching all points of the system. The expansion tank is installed at the top of the heating circuit.

When organizing vertical double-circuit heating hot coolant under pressure rises upward, and then is distributed from top to bottom along the heat sources. A cold coolant is supplied to the return line, which is laid lower than the lower part of the radiators. This scheme promotes the movement of air through the pipes into the expansion tank and its automatic removal.

Bottom wiring diagram

During installation horizontal system pipes are laid out in rooms with a certain slope - 5-10 mm per 1 meter of pipe. The cooled coolant from the radiators flows through the return line into the pipeline and into the boiler. The difference between this scheme is two main pipelines: one for supplying the coolant, the second for returning to the boiler. Hence the generally accepted name of the scheme - two-pipe.

The water in the system is replenished either through the connected water pipe, or manually - through the neck of the expansion tank. If it is possible to connect water from the water supply, then it is better to connect it to the return pipe so that cold and heated water mix immediately.

The work of such a scheme differs from the wiring at the top in that the coolant supply pipe cuts into the wiring from the bottom, next to the return pipe, and the heated water and the boiler moves through the pipes and radiators from the bottom up - through the return pipes and radiators back to the boiler. If air locks form in the system, then the air is vented using special valves embedded in each heating device.

A two-circuit system with a lower wiring can have one, two or more circuits, and can also be implemented using the organization of passing or dead-end circuits. In their homes, the owners rarely use these schemes due to their high cost - for each heating device, it is required to install air ducts. Also, heating systems made according to these schemes are equipped with a special expansion tank through which the air in the system participates in circulation together with the coolant. Because of this feature of the scheme, it is necessary to bleed off the accumulating air masses at least once every 5-7 days. But there is also a big advantage - heating, organized according to this scheme, can be started even before the construction of the house is completed.

The difference double-circuit from a circuit with one circuit is contained in the name itself - when a two-pipe heating system is operating, to each heating device two pipes are connected, and through the upper heating pipe, the hot coolant is supplied to the radiators, and through the lower one it is discharged to the boiler, which has already cooled down. The heating circuit of a private house using a two-circuit system consists of the following units, parts and elements:

1. Heating boiler;
2. Balance;
3. Radiators, registers or heating batteries;
4. Shut-off valve and expansion tank;
5. Cleaning filter;
6. Pressure gauge and water pump;
7. Valve.

The expansion vessel is installed in the uppermost level of the heating circuit. If the house is supplied with water from external source and is supplied to the pipeline under some pressure, then the expansion tank can be combined with the supply water supply tank. It is also necessary to observe the slope in the water return and supply pipe - it should be no more than 10 mm per 2 meters of pipe length - too small a slope will not ensure proper movement of the coolant, and the radiators will warm up for a long time. Also, a small slope will help create air congestion. But if the slope is greater than the allowable, then the air will also remain in the system, not having time to get into the outlet points.

If an autonomous double-circuit is organized in the house heating circuit with wiring along the upper contour, then its installation itself can be carried out using different Constructive decisions, depending on where, how and at what height the expansion tank is mounted. The best option can be considered if the expansion tank is located in a heated room, and it will be possible to freely approach it. The upper pipe of the horizontal circuit should run as high as possible - preferably under the ceiling, but in such a way that the expansion tank can also be mounted in the house, and not in the attic.

The highest efficiency for a circuit with two circuits can be only if the supply pipe is as long as possible. Even with different sizes pipes and other elements of the system, the efficiency and efficiency of the system will always be high, since the upper connection point of the coolant supply pipe is located at the beginning of the heating main.

Also, the efficiency of the system can be significantly increased by including a circulation pump in the circuit. A standard pump with a capacity of 65-110 watts consumes little electricity, and even with non-stop operation, it does not need additional maintenance or preventive maintenance. The presence of a circulation pump increases the speed of movement of the coolant, which means that the premises are warmed up. But the installation of heating according to a two-pipe scheme with an upper circuit makes the inclusion of a pump in the circuit unnecessary and unnecessary.