In the premises, the heating of which was made using the technology of the warm floor, the sensation is much more comfortable than with a traditional radiator system. When heating the floor, the temperature is distributed optimally: the warmer with all the legs, and at the head level is already cool. Ways of heating two: water and electric. Water is more expensive in the installation, but cheaper in operation, so it is more often done. A little to reduce costs when installing can be if you make a water warm floor with your own hands. The technology is not the simplest, but also does not require encyclopedic knowledge.

Device and principle of operation

For water heating of the warm floor, the pipe system is used for which the coolant circulates. Most often, the pipes are poured into the screed, but there are dry installation systems - wooden or polystyrene. In any case, there are a large number of pipes of a small cross section laid under flooring.

Where you can mount

because of large number Water heating pipes are made mainly in private houses. The fact is that the heating system of high-rise buildings is not designed for this method of heating. It is possible to make a warm floor from heating, but the likelihood is that or you will be too cold or from the neighbors from above or below, depending on the type of system washing. Sometimes the entire riser becomes cold: the hydraulic resistance of water floors is several times higher than the radiator heating system and it can block the movement of the coolant. For this reason, to achieve from management company Warm floor mounting permits are very difficult (installation without permission is an administrative offense).

Good news is that two systems began to do in new buildings: one for radiator heating, the second - for water heating floor. In such houses and permits, it is not required: the corresponding system was developed, taking into account the higher hydraulic resistance.

Principles of organization

To understand what you need to make a water warm floor with your own hands, you need to figure out what the system consists of and how it works.

Adjusting the temperature of the coolant

In order for the legs on the floor to be comfortable, the temperature of the coolant should not exceed 40-45 ° C. Then the floor heats up to comfortable values \u200b\u200b- about 28 ° C. Most of the heating equipment will not produce such a temperature: at least 60-65 ° C. Exception - condensing gas boilers. They are showing maximum efficiency It is at low temperatures. From their output to feed the heated coolant can be directly in the pipes of a warm floor.

When using a boiler of any other type, a substrate node is required. It adds a coolant from the return pipeline to hot water from the boiler. The composition of this Uza you see on the heat-mall connection scheme to the boiler.

The principle of work is next. The heated coolant comes from the boiler. It enters the thermostatic valve, which, if the threshold temperature is exceeded, opens the heating of water from the return pipeline. In the photo before the circulation pump there is a jumper. It establishes a two-way or three-way valve. Opening it and mix the cooled heat carrier.

The mixed flow through the circulation pump falls on the thermostat, which manages the operation of the thermostatic valve. When the specified temperature is reached, the feed supply is stopped, when exceeding it opens again. This is where the temperature of the heat carrier heat carrier is adjustable.

Distribution by contours

Next, the coolant falls on the distribution comb. If the water heated floor is made in one small room (bathroom, for example), in which only one loop of pipes is laid, this node may not be. If there are several loops, then between them it is necessary to somehow distribute the coolant, and then it is somehow assembled and sent to the return pipe. This task and performs a camshaft or, as elsewhere called, a heap collector. In fact, these are two pipes - on the feed and return to which the inputs and outputs of all heat-mall circuits are connected. This is the easiest option.

If the warm floor is made in several rooms, it is better to set a collector with the possibility of adjusting the temperature. First, in different rooms Required different temperatures: Someone prefers in the bedroom + 18 ° C, someone needs + 25 ° C. Secondly, most often, contours have different lengthAnd there can be different amounts of heat. Thirdly, there are indoors "internal" - in which one wall comes out, and there are angular - with two or even three outer walls. Naturally, the amount of heat in them should be different. Provide this comb with thermostats. The equipment is not cheap, the scheme is more complicated, but this installation allows you to maintain the specified room temperature.

Thermostators are different. Some control the air temperature in the room, the second is the temperature of the floor. Type choose yourself. Regardless of this, they control the servomotors installed on the feed comb. Servomotors depending on the command increase or reduce the flow cross section, adjusting the intensity of the coolant flow.

Theoretically (and practically happens) there may be situations when the feed on all contours is blocked. In this case, the circulation will stop, the boiler can boil and fail. That this does not happen, they necessarily make bypass, through which part of the coolant passes. With this construction of the security boiler system.

You can see one system options in the video.

Laying warm water floors

One of the key components of the system is pipes and the system of fixing them. There are two technologies:

Both systems are imperfect, but cheaper is laying pipes in the screed. Although it has a lot of minuses, it is she who is more popular for a reason for lower cost.

What system to choose

According to the cost of the dry system, they are expensive: their components (if you take ready-made, factory) are more. But they weigh much less and are put into operation faster. There are several reasons why you should use them.

First: big weight screed. Not all the foundations and overlappings of houses are able to carry out the load created by the water warm floor in the concrete screed. Above the surface of the pipes must be a layer of concrete at least 3 cm. If we consider that outside diameter The pipes are also about 3 cm, then the total thickness of the screed 6 cm. Weight turns out more than significant. And on top Often there is still a tile on the layer of glue. Well, if the foundation is calculated with the reserve - it will endure, and if not, problems will begin. If there is a suspicion that the overlap or foundation will not carry out loads, it is better to make a wooden or polystyrene system.

Second: Low maintainability of the system in the screed. Although when laying a heated floor circuits, it is recommended to lay only one-piece bays of pipes without compounds, periodically pipes are damaged. Or when repaired, got a drill, or burst due to marriage. The place of damage can be determined by the wet spot, but it is difficult to repair: you have to break the screed. At the same time, it is possible to damage the neighboring loops, because of which the damage zone becomes more. Even if you managed to do neatly, you have to do two seams, namely they are potential places of next damage.

Third: Commissioning of the warm floor in the screed is possible only after the concrete will drop a 100% strength resource. It takes at least 28 days. Prior to this period, it is impossible to turn on the warm floor.

Fourth: You have a wooden floor. By itself, trample on wooden floor - Not the best idea, but also a screed with an increased temperature. Wood will quickly collapse, the whole system will collapse.

Causes are serious. Therefore, in some cases, it is more appropriate to use dry technologies. Moreover, the wooden water warm floor is not so expensive. The most expensive component is metal plates, but they can also be made of thin sheet metal and better - aluminum. It is important to be bending, the dumps for pipes.

The variant of the polystyrene system of the warm floor without a screed is demonstrated in the video.

Warm water floor materials

Most often make water warm floor in the screed. About its structure and necessary materials and will be discussed. The diagram of warm water floor is presented in the photo below.

All work begins with alignment of the base: without insulation, heating costs will be too high, and you can only lay the insulation on a flat surface. Because the first thing is preparing the foundation - do black screed. Next, we describe the turn of work and the materials used in the process:

• On the perimeter of the room rolled up and damping tape. This is a heat strip insulating material, no more than 1 cm thick. It prevents heat loss on wall heating. The second task is to compensate for the temperature expansion that occurs during the heating of the materials. The tape can be special, and you can also put a thin foam (thickness of no more than 1 cm) or another insulation of the same thickness.
• A layer of heat insulating materials is placed on the black screed. For a warm floor device the best choice - polystyrene foam. Best is the extruded. Its density should be at least 35kg / m 2. It is quite dense to withstand the weight of the screed and operational load, has excellent characteristics and long term operates. His drawback is the roads. Other, cheaper materials (foam, mineral wool, ceramzit), have a lot of flaws. If you have the opportunity - use expanded polystyrene. The thickness of thermal insulation depends on many parameters - from the region, characteristics of the material of the foundation and insulation, the method of the organization of the draft floor. Therefore, it must be calculated in relation to each case.

• Further, we often put a reinforcing grid in a step of 5 cm. It also ties pipes with wire or plastic clamps. If expanded polystyrene was used, it is possible to do without reinforcement - it is possible to mount with special plastic brackets that drive into the material. For other insulation, the reinforcing grid is required.
• On top set lighthouses, after which they pour the screed. Its thickness is less than 3 cm above the pipe level.
• Further, the finishing floor covering is stacked. Any suitable for use in the heated floors.

These are all the basic layers that need to be put when you do a water warm floor with your own hands.

Pipes for a warm floor and laying scheme

The main element of the system is the pipe. Most often polymer - from stitched polyethylene or metal-plastic. They are well bent, have a long service life. The only obvious drawback is not too high thermal conductivity. This minus has no recently corrugated stainless steel pipes. They are better, it is not more expensive, but because of a small fame, it is rarely used.

The diameter of the pipes for the warm floor depends on the material, but usually it is 16-20 mm. They are stacked in several schemes. The most common - spiral and snake, there are several modifications that take into account some features of the premises.

Laying the snake is the most simple, but passing through the pipes the coolant gradually cools up and the end of the contour reaches the much colder, which was at first. Therefore, the zone where the coolant comes will be warm. This feature is used - the laying starts from the coldest zone - along the outer walls or under the window.

This lack is almost deprived of a double snake and a spiral, but they are more difficult in laying - it is necessary to draw a scheme on paper in order not to get confused when laying.

Screed

Can be used to fill the water warm floor ordinary cement-sandy solution Based on Portland cement. Portland cement brand should be high - M-400, and better M-500. - not lower than M-350.

But ordinary "wet" ties are typing their design strength for at least 28 days. All this time, turn on the warm floor is impossible: cracks will go, which can even break the pipes. Therefore, it is increasingly used by the so-called semiflue ties - with additives that increase the plasticity of the solution, significantly reducing the amount of water and time to "aging". They can be added independently or seek dry mixes with the corresponding properties. They are more expensive, but the carrots are less: according to the instructions add the required amount of water and stirred.

Water warm floor do it yourself actually, but it will take a decent period of time and considerable means.

Private house owners provide installation of water warm floor. It will be in the same room or immediately in the whole cottage depends on family budget and the desire of the owners. But his dignity is difficult to overestimate - during operation, you can forget about warm socks and colds in children and adults. If all the money is spent on construction, but the dreams of the warm field leave the owners, you need to drown the sleeves and start working. For laying, it will take some time, minimum skills in construction and useful information.

What is a warm floor in a private house?

Make a warm floor water with your own hands - It is to create an artificial heating system that provides air heating from below. In this case, the floor serves heating devicesupporting the specified temperature mode. It provides thermal comfort and meets all the requirements of the technological process.

When heating the floor heating in a private house, the following heating options are mainly considered:

• Electric floor;
• Electro-water floor;
• Classic water field and using pipes and boilers.

The last type of heating of residential premises is used in construction most often. Its main advantage - profitability when designing, in the process of use and with possible troubleshooting. Consider the main advantages of water floor:

1. Safety. Hot pipes isolated from man multiple layers building materials - The probability of getting a skin burn is excluded.
2. Saving. Electricity consumption is reduced by 25-30%. The costs of arrangement of warm water floors pay off during the year.
3. Convenience and comfort. Using the regulator, the owners can set the optimal temperature mode: at 20-30 cm from the floor - 20-22 ° C, at the level of 1.5 m - 18-28 ° C.
4. Durability. Right installed system heating is capable of functioning without repair and maintenance 25-40 years old.

The main disadvantage of water floor applies the possibility of waterproofing disorders With an independent installation. What other disadvantages have a heating system:

• Inaccessibility. If still there was a breakthrough of the pipes, then to eliminate the violation, you have to open the entire floor.
• Installation of additional equipment. It will takes the acquisition of radiators when the warm floor arrange is only one room.

Three ways to install warm water floors

Before proceeding to self-installing a warm floor, you need to choose a method that will optimally match the design of the house and the construction skills of its owner. There are three systems options: polystyrene, wooden, concrete.

When building a wooden system, you can save substantially and use materials that remained after the construction of the house: boards, MDF plates, plywood pieces.

Design steps:

1. On the wooden base The floor is laid wooden bars 15 cm long, leaving the distance corresponding to the diameter of pipes between them;
2. The next layer will be the thermal plates, which are fixed with screws. The grooves of the plates should fit tightly into the space between wooden bars;
3. A tight film of polyethylene is placed on top of the construction;
4. The final stage - Fastening sheets of plasterboard.

Choosing in the construction store the thermal distribution plates, it is worth paying attention to the presence of a latch. When it is used, the adjacent surfaces of all elements of the design will be the most closeV, and this will directly affect the volume of heat transfer.

The polystyrene system of more than all other is suitable for independent installation of warm water floors. Polystyrene thermal insulation plates are equipped with special latches for reliable clutch. Setting the folded plates on the wooden basis, it is obtained by a one-piece design with a smooth surface.

In the grooves, plates are placed pipes. Applications of fasteners will not need - the pipe is fixed with a slight press until a complete entry in the groove. It remains to be put on top of the plate from the metal and everything is ready for the installation of the flooring.

The concrete system is used most often due to its relative cheapness, availability of materials and reliability.

Prior to laying layers:

1. Screed from sand and cement;
2. Waterproofing material;
3. Thermal insulation material;
4. Pipes of the heating system;
5. Reinforcing mesh and (or) fastening of plastic;
6. Mixture of concrete with plasticizers;
7. Flooring.

This method is suitable for owners of houses that previously worked with concrete and have necessary equipment For its manufacture.

List of essential materials

Before making a water warm floor with your own hands, you need to responsibly approach the choice of components. First, purchasing materials, ask the seller to show certificates for products. Secondly, before visiting the store, make a list of necessary building materials, then you do not buy extra pipes or clamps. This is what will take when installing the heating system:

• Dampfer tape. This is foamed polyethylene to compensate for temperature expansion. Located between the edges of the screed and the wall. It has thermal insulating and noise insulation properties.
• Heat insulation materials. Now there is a huge selection of materials for thermal insulation in any price categories. When installing water floor, you can use sheet expanded polystyrene foam. Together with the damper ribbon, the polystyrene will provide the optimal return of heat pipes of the heating system.
• Waterproofing materials . A dense polyethylene film prevents unwanted leakage. Try to use a whole piece of material when laying. If the area is large, then the edge of the film must be made in scotch.
• Grid reinforcing finelye. The size of the mesh cells should be 150 square meters. mm, cross-section of a rod 4 mm. The material is used to give strength to the screed and fastening of pipes.
• Pipe. If the quality certificate guarantees integrity for 20 years or more, you can safely buy a purchase regardless of the material from which the products are made. For good heat transfer, pipes with a diameter of 2 cm are suitable.
• Fastening. The selection of fixtures will not be difficult - there are plastic or metal, any forms and sizes in construction stores.

Materials for water heat should be selected depending on the installation method.

Before visiting a construction store, check whether all tools are in stock. When conducting mounting work Do not do without a drill and screwdriver.

Design and calculation of the parameters of a warm floor

If you are not sure that you can independently design the design of the warm water floor or calculate the number of pipes in meters, you can resort to the help of specialists or make calculations using computer programs. But there should be no difficulties, here are some hints:

• It is impossible to do one contour of the floor more than 100 m, the excessive length will negatively affect its integrity.
• The length of the circuit components should not be varied by more than 10-12 meters. And it is better to use the circuit when installing the contour.
• The warmer in the winter in your place of residence, the more there should be a distance between the pipes. If in the coldest period of the thermometer does not fall below - 20 ° C, then optimal distance Between the pipes is 15 cm. Under conditions of harsh winter, the pipes should be positioned after 10 cm.

When conducting right settlements You must have the following parameters: with a distance between pipes in 15 cm, 6.5 m of pipes will be spent on one square meter, and at a step of 10 cm - 9.9 m.

Installation of water floor

How to make a warm floor of water: all materials and tools are at hand - you can start to install. Builders call the combination of layers of water floor design "Pie", here we need to collect it.

Preparation and insulation of the surface under water warm floor

How to install a warm floor of water: first of all, you need clean the surface from the construction trash and make a concrete screed using a reinforcing wall. The quality of the screed is checked with a level - if the surface turned out with flaws, it is aligned with a trowel. We form a cake Next:

• Thermal insulation layer;
• Waterproofing layer;
• Another layer of reinforcing grid.

All materials used regardless of the selected laying method must be tightly fitted along the edges to each other. If the slots were formed at the joints, it is possible to remove them with the help of the tape (when using the film) or the mounting foam.

Select and install collector

When selecting a collector, focus on the size of the room where the warm floor will be located, and the power of the unit. The collector must perform the following functions:

• Maintain the required pressure;
• Control air flow;
• Ensure water flow control;
• Provide the whole system reliability;
• Control heating - warm floors should not cool.

It is best to purchase a collector from brass or of stainless steel Equipped with a shut-off valve and temperature sensor. When installing, first connect the water supply pipe to the unit, and only then the pipes with its outflow. You can use special fittings or clamping ring with sleeve and nut.

Selection of heating boiler

When choosing a boiler, you need to focus on the following models:

• Electric boilers. The most convenient option when arranging a warm floor: Even if there is no electricity, the boiler will not stop working.
• Gas boilers . The cheapest model at cost and price of fuel. Failure - floors will be cold, if gas will end in the highway.
• Salt boilers. Do not suit the owners of houses that care about the status ambient. In addition, it will be necessary to constantly clean the filters.

Make a warm floor by water with your own hands in a private house, using boilers that work on firewood and coal. If there is a lot of such fuel in your area, it is inexpensive, you can purchase such an aggregate.

Installation of pipes

With the help of clamps (or aluminum wire) secure the pipes on the reinforcing grid. When mounting the water floor mounting, it is impossible to delay - under the pressure of hot water pipes are slightly expanding and can vibrate. Start mounting a water warm floor system water supply pipes. The contour segments are then attached between them, and the collector is connected to the latter.

​

Before making installation, you must calculate the number of outputs from the collector. It is so much that there should be contours on the surface of the screed.

Pouring tie.

How to put a water warm floor under the tie - before pouring a screed, check the system. To do this, it will be necessary to turn on the heating and submit water under pressure of 2.7 bar. If within a few hours the waterproofing is not broken, everything is done correctly.

Left make a cement-sand tie. Fill the emptiness concrete and align the surface using the construction level. Laying water floor is over.

1. Please note that only the owners of private houses are eligible to equip such a heating system. In many regions of our country, there is a ban on re-equipment in the apartments of water supply systems. Wrong water intake can lead to leakage: Neighbors apartment house Will remain in winter without heating. At best, you can get rid of the fine, at worst - pay overhaul damaged rooms.
2. When installing the water system, it is required to provide a final version of the floor covering: marble, granite, basalt have excellent thermal conductivity - in the house will always be comfortable. But the wooden floors and carpets poorly distribute heat from heating element. In addition, the tree will dwell, and synthetic carpets are able to allocate harmful substances into the surrounding space.
3. The quality of the installation of the warm floor will be higher if you align it the base. The total number of irregularities on the surface should vary within 5 mm.

Warm water floors in a private house are set to a relatively long time and during this time they managed to show their advantages and disadvantages in practice. Progress does not stand still, currently there are fundamentally new floor heating systems, but water still do not lose their attractions among developers. During the choice of a particular solution, it is necessary to carefully analyze the actual features of the structure, weigh their desires and opportunities.

The more factors are taken into account during the development of mounting schemes, the better they cope with their direct responsibilities, the higher the efficiency, less costs for the maintenance of the house in the heating period. In addition, the reliability and durability of the system is increasing, and this is very an important indicator. It is necessary to know that the planned or emergency repair of warm floors with water heat carrier requires a lot of time and financial resources, in difficult cases, leakage elimination may exceed the estimated cost of building new floors.

During independent planning Mounting schemes should be kept in mind several parameters.

1. The quality of the insulation of the structural elements of the premises. Here it is necessary to pay attention not only to the heat engineering characteristics of the bases and insulation of the floor, but also on the magnitude of thermal loss of walls, windows and ceilings. Depending on these values, a solution is made on the power of the contour, the step between the pipes, the temperature of the coolant at the inlet and outlet. At the same time, it should be calculated, whether the power of a warm floor for the main heating of the room or can be used only as an additional one. The decision is made for each climatic zone Taking into account the minimum temperatures in the winter period of time and for each room separately, depending on the indicators recommended by state sanitary organizations in them.

   

2. Geometry and size of premises. Each room has its own zones, the decision on the installation under them the heating system is accepted in place. It depends on the characteristics and plan for placing furniture, types of finishing flooring, etc. If for additional heating, the hinges are within 20-30 cm, then it decreases to 10-15 cm for the main one, and only one mounting can be used in the room Scheme or Combined two options.

   

3. The level of placement of doorways. If the house is based on the project, then in it all sizes are given with reference to the level of placement of the finishing floor covering, this is a zero point of reference. All that above the floor is indicated by the plus sign, and all that lower with the minus sign. There is no need to solve any problems independently, it is only required to accurately perform installation drawings, they are included in the project. The calculation has to be done if the work is carried out without the drawings - in these cases, before the start of installation, it is necessary to coordinate the height of the cake of the floor with existing doorways in interior partitions and facade walls.

   

Based preliminary calculations The power of the heating boiler is selected.

Each house has its own characteristics that have a direct impact on the choice of the scheme. But there are general recommendations, the execution of which increases the efficiency of use and minimizes negative consequences Possible accidents.

1. In all cases, install heating of the floor under heavy overall furniture is not recommended. This is one of the weighty flaws of all floor heating systems. The fact is that over time the furniture can be emitted or changing its location, the warm floors create big problems When performing such permutations.

   

2. It is considered inappropriate to do heating near the walls. In such zones, people are not abide, there is no need to lose in vain thermal energy. But these advice are very individual, experienced installers before making a decision are advised to customers. It should be remembered that performers can only give advice, the final decision is always taken by customers.

   

3. Division large rooms For several sectors. It is recommended for placing an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 30 m2 to make a minimum of two water heating circuit. This recommendation is explained simply - there are significant twists in very long pipelines, which create additional resistance to the movement of fluids flows. As a result, the load on the pumps increases, they work with critical loads. And any engine during long work at maximum loads sharply spends its resource and quickly fails.

   

4. It is not necessary to regulate the heating temperature of the floors due to changes in the distances between the pipes. In all mounting schemes, this parameter is recommended to do the same. If you do not comply with this recommendation, then it is very difficult to regulate the temperature of the floor in rooms with a single heating system control panel.

   

Important. Each plastic pipe has a minimum bending radius, during the selection of the mounting scheme, this value should be taken into account.

The bend radius is indicated in the manufacturer's instructions, experienced installers are advised to increase it if possible. The smaller the radius, the more swirls there is a fluid flow, the higher the overall resistance with all negative consequences.

Types of mounting schemes

The layout of pipes for the heating system should not be made up. Errors can cause the appearance of very unpleasant problems during the operation of the structure, their elimination is expensive and complex occupation. It is much more expedient to provide for the effects of decisions a few steps forward. Currently, professional installers of floor heating systems recommend using three schemes. Each has its own characteristics, strengths and weaknesses. The final decision must be taken only after careful analysis of all factors.

Table. Water floors

Type of circuit circuit	Brief description of the features of the arrangement and operational characteristics
	Feature - pipes are laid by a double spiral that copies the geometry of the floor of the room. The first turns are made with a twoaking step, the return reduces this size by twice and brings to the recommended values. Pluses of the mounting scheme - minimizes the consumption of materials and ensured uniform heating of the room. Minus - the complexity of installation, on the basis it is necessary to make preliminary marking.
	Most often applied in small rooms of rectangular shape. Allows you to focus individual heating zones. Disadvantages - a significant difference in the heating temperature at the inlet and outlet of the coolant.
	The most complex design is recommended to be used in large rooms that have unheated areas. It makes it possible to mount a warm floor with different heating temperatures of individual zones, reduces the percentage of inefficiently used pipes.

Important. The selection of the system connection method must take into account the type and technical characteristics of the mounting scheme.

Warm floor connection methods

Four circuits for connecting heating systems are used, each has its own requirements and capabilities. Due to the right decision of the issue must be achieved the following parameters Heating system.

1. The temperature of the coolant should not exceed + 55 ° C, in otherwise It is possible to block flooring, and the materials from the natural tree are cracking. In practice, heating is recommended to limit to + 35-45 ° C.

   

2. Even when connected to the general heating system, the mounting circuits should have a separate circulation pump. Only with it can be accurately withstanding the defined parameters of the functioning of heating systems.

   

3. The dimensions of the contour should provide a drop in the temperature at the inlet and the outlet of the coolant no more than 10 ° C. Otherwise, the unevenness of the heating of individual sections of the room will be noticeable. The surface temperature, taking into account the purpose of the room and the type of heating, should fluctuate in the range of + 26-31 ° C.

   

4. The speed of the fluid can not exceed 0.6 m / s. This is due to the fact that the high speeds of the coolant increase the risks of leakage formation due to additional loads on all connections.

   

Connecting a system directly from the heat generator

This can be both a gas or electric and solid fuel boiler, the main condition is the capacity of the equipment must at least 25-30% exceed the heating power at maximum loads. The hot heat carrier from the boiler enters the system distribution manifold and further to each separate circuit. The boiler has its own pump and manual or automatic control knot.

Important! For such a connection scheme, it is strongly recommended to install a special condensation boiler for cooling the return. The fact is that for all types of boilers, the low-temperature functioning is considered optimal - the capacity is less than the container, more thermal energy gives the fuel combustion products.

Another nuance. If you use a solid fuel boiler, then install buffer accumulative containers. They perform the function of thermal hydroaccumulators and level the water temperature at the outlet. IN solid fuel boilers Structurally, it is impossible to constantly keep the water temperature in optimal parameters for the heating system. Fuel combines with different intensity, respectively, water in the boiler increases, then reduces the temperature.

Connect to the general heating system

Pretty controversial option, in many cases requires a special permission of the management company, and they give them very reluctantly, and not only on subjective reasons. The fact is that during the design of the building connection additional consumers The thermal energy is not envisaged, all elements of the system, ranging from the diameters of the central main pipes and ending with the wiring of apartments, cannot provide optimal movement of water. As a result, the risks of full unbalancement of heating of an apartment building.

If you managed to get such a resolution, then individual system Heating floor can be connected using a three-way valve. Water in central heating batteries is heated to + 70-80 ° C, such a hot heat carrier cannot be submitted to the system. How to reduce the temperature? With the help of a three-way valve, a cold recess is mixed to hot water. Temperature and quantity is controlled automatically. After mixing, the coolant in its parameters is suitable for filling the floor heating system and everything works in the recommended mode.

Lack of this method - the presence of temperature fluctuations of heating, which has negative influence The comfort of stay in the premises.

From the mixing site

Such nodes are necessarily equipped with autonomous pumps, without them it is very difficult to adjust the temperature of the coolant. There are no fundamental differences in the functioning of the function described above, only a set of adjusting fittings differs. The device has special valves that adjust the amount of cooled water mixed. Adjustment is performed taking into account the temperature, due to the device, the parameters of the coolant at the output can be stabilized.

Depending on the model of the node, a bypass with a bypass valve can be included in it, ball valves or balancing valve at the input.

Connection for each individual loop

So-called thermal sets. Small boxes, inside which there are limiters on the water temperature of the carrier and air in the room. Connect to central heating batteries can provide heat small systems Square no more than 15 m2. Benefits - low cost, Easy connection and maintenance, the possibility of functioning from any battery. The lack of one, but very significant - the temperature of the coolant in the floor heating system is exactly the same as in the battery. It is recommended to install in loggias, corridors, bathrooms and technical premisesin which you do not need to maintain stable microclimate parameters.

In which option to stop, the owner of the house decides. If you do not have sufficient knowledge, it is recommended to consult with professionals.

Errors when connecting the mounting schemes of the warm floor

No correct calculation of the mounting scheme will not give a positive effect if technical errors are allowed during installation work.

Incorrect calculations of thermal losses

These are important source data, mandatoryly taken into account when installing any type of heating, and not just floors. The calculation is complex from the engineering point of view, not every ordinary installer can perform them. We must know not only formula, but also be able to use SNIP, special tables and scientific literature. It is very difficult to guess the value to the eye, as a result, it turns out that the heating system of floors works inefficient: indoors are very cold or vice versa, coefficient useful action Noticeably decreases. In addition, if the load on the elements of the system is critical, it quickly fails, and this entails significant financial losses. Hasha pipes must take into account the amount of heat loss, it affects the amount of additional heat supplied to the room. Newbies such work do not fulfill, you need to contact a graduate specialist.

Bad heat insulation floor

Inexperienced installers believe that heat and so rises up into the room, there is no need to waste time and effort on work on the heat insulation of the base. This is a very serious error, significantly reduced the efficiency of using water heating floors. Why? Approximately 85% of thermal energy from the hot body to the cold is transmitted during direct contact. This is the so-called thermal conductivity, and the greater the density of the bodies, the higher the meaning. And with air (convection) is transmitted only ≈ 10% of thermal energy. This means that while the air in the room is heated, a significant part of the heat will go to heating the slabs of the overlap.

Lack of dampers

A cement-sand screed is necessarily made on a water warm floor, it protects thin plastic pipes from deformation. Concrete has high thermal expansion coefficients, if you do not provide for dampers around the perimeter of the room, then the screed will be with great strengthen the walls.

Emergency leaks of the water heating system - the extremely unwanted consequence of the assembly marriage.

Large length contours, incorrectly selected schemes

The longer the winding pipeline, the greater the hydraulic resistance. The entire system serves one pump, water in each contour is supplied under the same pressure. With a large difference in resistance, the contours is very different and temperature of the floor in each room. And if the room is large in the area and the combined scheme is chosen for it, then it will be felt the difference in the heating of individual sections.

Output

Warm heating floors are currently deservedly considered an outdated design with a large number of shortcomings. If possible, mount more modern systemsThey do not have the problems described above and flaws.

Prices for warm floors Caleo

warm floors Caleo

Video - Warm floors WATER: Mounting schemes in a private house

You learned what mounting schemes are recommended to use for warm floors in a private house. From the correctness of the selected options, the comfort of stays in the premises largely depends, they change the actual efficiency. How do the materials of finishing coatings affect this indicator, are there any restrictions on their use? These and other issues are fully disclosed in the article on the pages.

Use the heated floor to create more comfortable conditions have become even during Ancient Greece. IN modern world With the development of technologies, everything is much easier. Warm customized floor in the apartment is applied in any climatic conditions. Depending on the decrease in the temperature outside the window, it is a full or additional heating system.

The cheapest and economically beneficial is considered water warm floor in the house. The coolant is water heated by the boiler, and when accommodation in the apartment - central heating.

Warm floor with water with their own hands has good and bad sides. Before making a warm floor in a private house, you need to take into account them all.

What are the advantages of water heating:

• Such a system provides comfortable thermal conditions. Heat rises from the bottom up. It warms the entire room. This is especially true in private houses with high ceilings.
• When the legs are warm, lowering the ambient temperature imperceptibly located in the room.
• Since the warm floor from heating is a low-temperature heater, it does not dry the air.
• The heater uses water temperature much lower than necessary radiators. The use of such a system for heating in a private house is well combined with condensation boilers or thermal pumps.
• It is possible to disable part of the contours from the system.
• Heated concrete long retains the temperature and in the room is supported by a stable thermal mode. It works well when using solid fuel boilers.
• All laying of water underwear is hidden in the floor and does not disturb the overall picture of the room.

However, there are also a number of shortcomings that should be paid attention to, arranging water warm floors in a private house:

• It requires high-quality execution of all stages of installation before pouring the warm floor. Correction of errors or malfunctions at the end of the work - the case is financially costly, and sometimes impossible.
• Warm water floor in the apartment can be made only with the permission of the relevant government bodies.
• Slow and slight adjustment of warm water floors. Using the heating boiler, you can customize the warm floor on a small range, in the apartment with central heating it is impossible to adjust at all.
• Not all sorts of coatings are combined with warm polo. They are not recommended to install bulky furniture or retain carpets.
• The thickness of the warm floor is about 10 cm. It must be considered when designing the room as a whole.
• The insulation of inter-storey floors increases the load on the beams.
• Installation circulating pumps and thermostators are required.
• The device of such floors is quite expensive.

Weighing everything and against, it is impossible to say that make warm floors, it will increase comfort for a small surcharge. Although many masters can make a water warm floor in the house with their own hands. Rank important rules, You can achieve positive results.

Mounting process

All installation of water warm floor in a private house consists of several main processes. Performing each correctly, craftsmen get a warm water floors in a private house, working securely up to 50 years.

All work consists of:

• design;
• insulation;
• laying pipes;
• crawling of finished floors.

Each part has its own pitfalls. You need to get acquainted with them.

Project creation

By installing water warm floor with your own hands, you should correctly calculate the boiler power. With a shortage of power, water will not be warm enough, which will affect the quality of heating. Power is usually taken more by 15-20% of the total power consumption.

Each water is performed by a solid pipe. To calculate length, you must first perform the drawing of all circuits on paper. The following pavement scheme is indicated and the place of the collector fastening.

The diameter of the pipe and the step of laying water underground depends on the surrounding conditions and is calculated when designing. It makes sense to order a project in specialized organizations. With incorrect calculations, warm water floors in a private house will work badly.

Warming of water heating

To warm the root house, not the land or ceilings in the next apartment, apply different insulation For a warm floor, which is placed on a prepared level basis. Drops in height cannot be higher than 5 mm. The system will warm up incorrectly and not long.

Between the base and insulation, the hydrobarier is necessarily located. He protects the floor from the penetration of moisture from the ground. The overlap of the polyethylene film is performed. If the pieces are sprinkled, then they are superimposed, and all the seams are squeezed with scotch.

Insulation for water warm floor is from different materials. Application must be reasonable to the place, ambient temperature and the type of base.

The following insulation are most popular:

• Polystyrene foam. It is used when insulating the first floors on the ground or cold basement. This insulation under the warm floor has a high density. Released in different thickness. The greater the thermal insulation, the thickness of the plates are used.

In the absence of plates of the desired thickness, you can put more subtle in two rows, saming them between themselves.

• Mineral wool. She enjoyed when creating water heating in wooden houses. It keeps very well warm and fills all the space. The disadvantage is in hygroscopicity, it is necessary to reliably protect it from moisture.

• Profile heat insulation - most modern insulation For warm water floors. It is with laminated coating and grooves or bobbers that help subsequent laying of pipes. The only minus of the thermal insulator is its price.

Thermal insulation for water heat is available in the form of plates. Their styling usually does not occupy a lot of strength or time. All seams or joints must be glued with a foil scotch for avoiding moisture and reducing heat loss.

On the perimeter of the walls, the entire cake of the warm floor is separated by a damper ribbon. It is laid along all walls, the remains are cut after the screed. The tape serves as a compensator of temperature stresses.

From above, the insulation is a waterproofing layer to protect it from the effects of moisture or aggressive medium (concrete, cement). It is also recommended to cover the insulation with a foil layer for better reflection and distribution of heat. In practice, it works only for wooden set floors. When pouring concrete is just an excessive waste of money. When using profile plates, all these actions are lowered.

Laying pipes

To mount water heating, copper, metal-plastic and polypropylene pipes diameter 15-20 mm. The diameter of the pipe depends on the size of the room and weather in this region.

Pipes with a diameter of more than 20 mm are not used. To adjust in them the right water pressure requires very powerful boilers and pumps. It is inappropriate from the point of view of energy expenses.

For installation, two schemes of laying water heating pipes are used:

• Snake scheme. This is when the pipe is uniform snake unfolded over the entire surface of the room. With such a layout, it turns out hot water, then it gradually cools, and the cooled returns to the reverse. It is recommended to use in sanitary facilities (bath, toilet), corridors and small rooms, where the length of the contour is small.
• Schema snail. For large premises It is recommended to lay the pipes with a spiral, starting with the middle. It turns out the alternation of pipes of different temperatures. Heat is distributed evenly. Self hot tube Place along outdoor Wall To compensate for outdoor cold.

The gasket of each contour is performed by a solid pipe. All bends are made smooth. The distance between the heap pipes is 7-20 cm. The wall interval is 5-7 cm.

For a better warming of water warm floor in a private house between the closed pipeline and the next twist, the pitch laying step should be 5-7 cm, then, how to adjust the laying of water warm floor pipes is calculated in the plan.

Pipes are attached with special guides. Still use the reinforced grid. It is located above the insulation, and already to it with the help of wire or plastic clamps fasten the pipes.

When fastening for rotation, at least 3 brackets are used

When heating and filling with water, the pipe is slightly expanding. Attaching them, it is necessary to take it into account, leaving a small gap.

When using profile plates, the pipes are simply placed in the grooves or between the buses. The length of the pipe is not recommended to exceed more than 100 m. Optimal is considered 60-80 m. If the room is large, you need to lay a lot of heating circuits.

Collector

One of the main elements is a collector. It connects the contour of the pipe to heating. All contours must have the same resistance. The collector is two nozzles to which the contour of the heating connecting to the reverse and supply of the boiler are connected.

The temperature of the water heating floor is within 35 ° C. To configure and smoothly change the temperature, the mixer and thermostar are connected to the collector.

The collector must be installed above the heating level for the possibility of air output from the system through the special air. Turning tap. It makes sense to equip it with two locking valves for the possibility of repairing or replacing parts without draining water.

Pipes join the collector with crimping. Before pouring the warm water floor, tested tightness. The system is filled with water or air, a pressure of 1.5 workers, and left for two days.

Pressure may slightly decrease due to a small stretching of pipes.

Execution of tie

After checking the tightness, the warm floor is started.

Screed for a warm floor can be different:

Concreting (wet method)

When performing, a solution of concrete or cement is used with the addition of a granite dropout.

Sand as part of a concrete screed over a water warm floor is not used because of its low thermal conductivity.

To increase the life of the fill of the warm floor, reinforced. For this, metallic or plastic fit reinforced grid. On the Internet there are many step-by-step instructions, how to fill the warm floor correctly. Plasticizer and polypropylene canvas add the screed. This significantly increases the service life.

When the screed under the warm water floor is performed, the pipes are under pressure.

The thickness of the screed for water underground depends on the subsequent coating and varies between 3 cm and 7cm. If several contours were performed, the fill of the water warm floor around each part is performed separately. Between them there are compensation seams from the damper tape. The flooded screed of the warm floor will dry during the month. For uniform drying and high-quality setting, it is necessary to water water sometimes.

Polystyrene system

With this system, the laying is obtained water warm floor without a screed. It is used when creating heating in wooden modular houses and for insulation inter overlap.

The pipeline is mounted on polystyrene or wooden plates with grooves without a concrete screed.

When the tree is used, the insulation under water underwater is used in the form of water under water mineral Watlaid between lags.

Putting the pipe into the groove, it is covered with aluminum plates from above, which are attached to the plates with special locks. When collecting a warm floor under the tile, you need to add pie plate DSP, moisture-resistant plywood or GVLP. When using laminate, it is placed on an aluminum profile.

More often used concreting screed for a warm floor. The flooded solution is better maintaining heat, with this installation, the warm floors in the house will serve over 50 years. When, due to circumstances, it is impossible, then a dry screed is used, although the heat transfer will be worse.

To cover the warm floors, the stone or ceramic tile. It easily warm and keeps warm well. Still used for laminate floor or linoleum. Such outdoor material must necessarily have a mark of the possibility of their use with warm floors.

Having attached to the effort and investing some means, you can warm your home for a long time. There are many sources of information, how to make a warm floor correctly. An optimistic attitude and skill is important. The warm floor will bring comfort to many generations living in the household house.

Comfort and comfort in the house in the cold period of the year depends on temperature mode premises. Poorly heated apartments, cold floors create a threat cold illness family members. One of the means supporting the stable temperature of the residential premises are warm floors. Not always and not everyone has enough money to call masters for their installation. It is important to learn how to make a warm floor of water with your own hands. Today we will tell you about it.

What is a warm water floor

Water warm floor whole system modern heatingreplacing radiators.

Warm floor schemes

Easy itself mounting scheme Styling is snake.

Pipes spent from the collector in the form of a loop covering the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe room. Each loop comes from one wall to another, replacing the previous one. This method allows you to completely warm up only part of the room. Hot water Enters only the side. Passing through the entire heating system, it loses heat. The cooled pipeline does not heat the part of the room remote from the coolant.

Water warm floor circuit Snake in a private house -Tudoye process. Temperature differences B. double snake decrease, but the installation remains time consuming.

The most famous way of laying pipes is considered a spiral, in a different snail. It evenly warms all the rooms in the house.

Spiral It covers the entire perimeter of the room, ranging from the edges gradually fits the center, and then from the center in the opposite direction. Step 10 mm allows you to avoid heat pits. Installation in this way is quite easy, one person can perform without helper.

Snail It is convenient because the bending of the pipes in it is insignificant. The spiral can be done in any part of the room, having encouraged difficult places. It can insulate the cold spaces of the room, at the outer walls, at the entrance to the veranda. The plus of this scheme will be the possibility of establishing any step between the pipes.

There is a combined way of laying pipes - combination of snake and spirals. Snake can be installed, for example, at the entrance, where much heat is not required, and snail-in the central part of the room to create thermal comfort

Installations of warm water floors

Stage 1 - Installing the technological node in the collector wardrobe.

2Tap. - Floor preparation.

The surface of the floor should be horizontal without irregularities. Excess level is allowed only by 5 mm. If the surface is uneven, then you need to make an additional concrete tie. We remove from the bottom of the garbage with a powerful vacuum cleaner, then close the grate and crack cement.

3 stages - laying the demospheas tape.

It is necessary in order to separate the heating slab from the walls, prevent the heat loss and to compensate for temperature deformations. Tape thickness 5-8 mm, height 15 mm. The ribbon needs to be laid around the perimeter so that after a screed and the finishing coating it oppose them. At the end construction work The edge of the ribbon protruding over the surface of the finishing laying is cut.

4 stage - we put the layer of thermal insulation that will warn the loss of heat with contours.

The material for waterproofing uses polystyrene foam or penplex. It also serves as the basis for laying pipes. They put mats from polystyrene foam on each other on each other, inserting into the grooves. If the coating is subjected to the bottom, then steam barrier is stacked under these plates. The heat insulation may be the usual polyethylene film. You can use multifolga. Then on top of the heat-insulating material should be applied to the reinforcement grid, to which contours are fixed with plastic homutics, steel wire, stapler and retainer. Beautiful fastening of pipes to reinforcement grid Is a pvc strap.

5 stage - Water warm floor for a private house with their own hands also implies pipes.

Pipes are put in a snake or snail. Segments between them (step) are laid out in accordance with the project documentation. From proper laying Will depend on the efficiency of heating. The contours must be no more than 60-90m. If the room is large, then several more contours should be laid. It is important that they are the same length, from a solid piece, otherwise sealing.

Cut the ends of the pipes and attach to the collectors. Euroconus fitting Tighten the wrench.

6 stage - Check the heating system for tightness.

To do this, pour the system with water under pressure. The pressure should exceed the usual several times, but not less than 0.6 MPa. This pressure should be kept for 30 minutes. The following hydraulic test is already 2 hours, and the pressure rises to 1 MPa.

7 stage - If the crimping has happened successfully, then you need to pour a concrete tie. It freezes about 28 days.

Warm floor screed

The screed is a cement-sand solution with the addition of plasticizer.

The modifier is liquid and dry.

Dry plasticizer is diluted with water 1: 2. The modifier contributes to the removal of excess fluid, makes a solution with plastic and uniform.

Screed in the warm field water protects pipes from external influence, prevents the depressurization of pipes. It has good heat transfer: getting heat from the pipes, transmits its air indoors.

Types of coating

Water warm floor is used mainly under the tile and porcelain stoneware.

These floor coverings are quickly heated and do not allocate harmful substances. They are durable, not exposed to strain, will serve for a long time. Wide designer solution Make a tile with a beautiful floor covering to your taste.

Other materials can be used: laminate, PVC tiles, linoleum, carpet.

It is only necessary to take into account the features of these materials and listen to the advice of masters use it as floor coatings of the heating system.

Tree at elevated temperature is breathed. Therefore, the contours of the contours are above 27 degrees do not need.

The thermal insulation linoleum will not pass heat. The thermal conductivity is greater than thinner linoleum. In addition, you need to consider that it can get small particles that will be felt barefoot. Therefore, it is desirable to retain it with professionals. If they themselves took the cover of the linoleum, then do carefully to decoration Materials Lost smoothly.

On top of the pipes lay the chipboard, phaneer or GVL.

Laminate, used as a flooring in a water heat field, has a high thermal conductivity. The thinner of his layer, the faster and the more he gives the heat. Such a floor heats up faster, creating comfortable conditions For living in the house.

Parquet is less reliable because it is exposed to high temperatures and pressure drops. This is a capricious material, so it needs careful care and sufficient humidity.

Warm floor

The price of a warm floor of water on average 1500-3000 per square meter. m. This price is made up from the value of all materials: pipes, fasteners, insulating material, boiler, pump, collector cabinet, floor mounting work.

Water electric heat is a system consisting of pipes 20 mm diameter. Inside them there is a heating cable. The antifreeze coolant is static and does not move, so the pump, the boiler, the collector is not needed.

Installed in the screed. Principle of operation: When power is turned on, the coolant is heated. When the antifreeze is heated, the pressure contributing to the rapid and uniform distribution of heat is increased.

So, we told you about the system warm water floor with your own hands, touched the electric floors a little. We hope that by reading the article, you have learned a lot of important and useful about this system and you can buy water heat and install it yourself.