Long burning appliances differ from conventional ones in that the fuel in them does not burn, but smolders. Most of these devices have two modes of operation - intensive and long burning.

Structures are kindled in an intensive combustion mode, and the room is heated in a long-term mode.

Features of wood-fired heating boilers

Wood-fired boilers, not much different from each other: dimensions of the combustion chamber and materials of manufacture.

Heating devices are made of steel or cast iron. Each boiler has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Cast iron heater works stably, heats up for a long time, but also cools down for a long time. Such devices work at least 20 years... The disadvantages include the fact that with irregular operation and abrupt changes in temperature, cast iron is destroyed.

Steel boiler will serve no more than 15 years. At the same time, steel is a more heat-resistant material, and therefore will not collapse with frequent temperature changes. Steel boilers are susceptible to corrosion, therefore they must be installed in a dry room.

Dignity

• environmental friendliness, because carbon monoxide released during fuel combustion is processed and used for the production of combustible gases;
• combustion regulation firewood with air supply;
• high efficiency;
• possibility of using different types solid fuel;
• heating of premises for any purpose;
• autonomous work.

disadvantages

• need to control fuel moisture;
• excretion a large amount of soot and ash;
• availability of additional space for storing fuel;
• uneven heating coolant;
• the presence of a chimney.

Device design

The design of a long-burning boiler is not too complicated. The heating device consists of:

• Closed cylindrical tank, where there is a hatch for laying firewood, a blower and an opening for a chimney.
• Air distributor located inside the tank. The distributor creates swirls of air currents and combustible gases.
• Heat exchanger integrated into the upper chamber. It reaches its maximum temperature.

To regulate the air supply and therefore the combustion intensity, the boiler is equipped with a regulator, which is closed as soon as the wood starts to burn intensively. The boiler is put into continuous burning mode.

Firewood smolders in the lower chamber... In this case, combustible gases rise upward and burn already in the upper chamber, heating the heat exchanger.

Photo 1. Diagram of the device of a long-burning heating boiler on wood. Arrows indicate parts of the structure.

Principle of operation

The principle of operation of a long-burning wood boiler is based on on the regulation of the air supply to the combustion chamber. Due to the limited amount of oxygen, the combustion and smoldering of the fuel slows down, which makes it possible to lay firewood less often.

Due to the fact that smoldering occurs in a large volume, carbon monoxide is formed, which has a large calorific value. Gas enters the combustion chamber through a refractory nozzle and ignites.

Such boilers not only save fuel, but also burn a large number of harmful compounds and only non-combustible smoke enters the chimney, which does not pollute the environment.

The fuel in the heating device starts burning from the upper layer, then smoldering gradually descends to the lower layers of the wood. This way slows down the combustion of fuel, while increasing the supply of heat.

Do-it-yourself wood-burning boiler for long burning with a water circuit

To create a long-burning boiler you will need:

• Steel tubes or barrel diameter not less 0.3 m and wall thickness 3-5 mm. Thin-walled containers will quickly burn out and the heating device will become unusable.
• Pipes with a diameter of 5 and 10 cm.
• Sheet steel thick 4 mm.
• Welding machine.
• Bulgarian.
• Hand tools.

A boiler body is formed from a pipe or barrel. The height of the appliance is determined depending on the size of the combustion chamber and the desired amount of firewood in one tab. Optimal height counts 1m.

Important! The boiler should not be made too high. When a large amount of fuel smolders, a lot of pyrolysis gases are released, which may cause malfunction of the device.

Conventionally, the entire installation can be divided into three zones:

• combustion;
• burning;
• downloads.

The last zone decreases as the fuel smolders. One of the main elements of the boiler is the distributor. It is made of steel sheet, in the middle of which there is a pipe for supplying air to the fuel chamber. As the wood smolders, the distributor gradually lowers.

For air supply, it is used pipe with a diameter of 5-6 cm. Wherein hole in the air distributor should not exceed 2 cm to avoid oxygen oversaturation. To adjust the draft, a movable damper is installed in the upper part of the pipe.

Photo 2. Homemade long-burning heating boiler made of a metal barrel.

A water heat exchanger tube is drawn inside the combustion chamber diameter 10 cm... In the tank itself, the water is heated by a coil, which is connected to the pipe.

Connection to the heating system

Long burning boiler connects to the heating system in two ways:

• The water is heated inside the combustion chamber by a coil to which a heat exchanger tube is connected.
• The water is heated in a remote tank through which the chimney pipe passes.

Second way more difficult in design, but much more efficient.

Chimney and reflector

The walls of a long-burning boiler will constantly heat up and radiate heat. If the room for the installation of the boiler is small, then around it reflectors are located, distributing the flow of thermal energy and directing it inward.

The chimney is made with a minimum number of elbows - 2 knees at an angle of 45 °.

Reference. Chimney make collapsible to make it easier to clean.

Installation

The boiler will constantly heat up, which can lead to a fire. To prevent this from happening, the device installed on a brick or concrete foundation.

If it is not possible to build a foundation, legs are welded to the bottom of the boiler.

In this case, the heating device can be installed on a thick steel sheet. The sheet must protrude beyond the boiler at least 20 cm on each side.

Useful video

Watch the video, which tells about the features of long-burning wood-burning boilers, their principles of operation.

Summing up

Creating a long-burning boiler with your own hands will save not only on the purchase of expensive equipment, but also during operation. You can use such a heating device in living quarters, garage, workshop, etc. The heating device will provide highly efficient heating at a minimum cost.

Attention! After making a wood-burning boiler for long-term burning with your own hands, it is necessary to connect correctly... V otherwise all your efforts to reduce costs will be in vain.

A properly functioning heater will save you money and time during operation. It will be necessary to lay firewood 2-3 times a day depending on the size of the fuel chamber. The smoke coming out of the chimney must not contain harmful compounds. If the device is improperly designed or connected, then you can become the owner of a very capricious device. Signs of malfunction wood-fired boiler long burning relate:

• The heater starts to "eat" firewood in large batches, and one download is enough for 2-3 hours.

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1. Why is a solid fuel boiler so good?
2. Main nodes solid fuel boiler
3. DIY tools and materials
4. We make and run a homemade boiler
5. Features of installing a TT boiler with your own hands

Introduction

For many years firewood, coal and peat were the only available fuel sources. This is why the use of homemade solid fuel stoves has a rich history. However, recently, stoves have been replaced by solid fuel boilers. Many craftsmen independently develop the design of such devices and make them at home with their own hands.

In this article, we will consider what a home-made solid fuel boiler is, what are the features of its design, what materials and tools are needed for it to be manufactured independently, as well as what are the nuances of installation and installation.

Why is a solid fuel boiler so good?

A solid fuel boiler is one of the most popular heating devices. They are used everywhere not only in Russia, but all over the world. There are several reasons for this popularity:

• solid fuels are cheaper than other fuels;
• firewood and coal are more affordable than gas or electricity;
• simplicity of boiler design;

The simplicity of the design allows you to assemble a solid fuel boiler with your own hands without any problems. Anyone who has a slightest degree in welding can cope with this task. It is enough to pick up necessary tools, prepare materials, disassemble diagrams and drawings and you can start working.

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The main components of a solid fuel boiler

If you are determined to assemble a boiler for your country house with your own hands, then first let's get acquainted with the diagram of its device. A classic hot water boiler is a very simple appliance. Structurally, it consists of the following main components and assemblies:

• firebox

  Structurally, it is a compartment in which fuel is burned.

• ash pan

  The section directly under the firebox in which ash accumulates.

• grate (or grate)

  Most often it is made of cast iron, such as the Bober DLO solid fuel heating boiler from the Protherm company, but there are also steel ones. Through the holes in the grate, the ash enters the ash pan, from where it is then manually removed.

• firebox and ash pan doors

  They are used to lock the respective chambers.

• chimney

  A pipe for removing smoke and gases arising from the combustion process.

• heat exchanger

  A device that transfers the energy of the burning fuel to a heat carrier, for example, water. Structurally, it is a container. In the upper and lower parts of the heat exchanger, there are nozzles for connection to the heating system. In the process of fuel combustion, the coolant heats up, while rising to the upper part of the tank, from where it enters the heating system through a branch pipe. Having passed a circle through the heating system, it returns to the heat exchanger through the lower branch pipe. Such a closed cycle provides heating of the room.

As you can see, the design of a solid fuel boiler is quite simple and even without special skills, it is quite possible to assemble it with your own hands. For this we need a drawing, as well as a set of tools and materials.

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DIY tools and materials

Before proceeding with the creation of a homemade solid fuel boiler, you need to prepare all the necessary materials and tools. In the process of work we need:

Materials (edit)

For the manufacture of household heating device solid fuel will require the following materials:

• steel sheets thickness from 5 mm

  The use of thick steel sheets prevents the boiler walls from burning out and ensures the strength and durability of the structure.

• metal corners of different sizes

  The corners are used to form stiffeners and connect steel sheets to each other.

• firebox and ash pan doors

  It is better to purchase cast iron doors for a homemade boiler in specialized stores.

• pipes of different diameters of round and rectangular cross-section

  Steel pipes will be needed in the manufacturing process of the heat exchanger.

• grate

  The grate as well as the doors for the firebox and ash pan is best purchased in the store.

Instruments

In order to make a solid fuel boiler yourself, you must have the following tools on hand:

• welding machine

  When making a boiler with your own hands, the lion's share of the whole process is taken by welding works... It is necessary to have experience in welding or entrust this task to professionals.

• Bulgarian

  The grinder is useful for cutting steel sheets, and preparing holes in different parts boiler.

• fixtures for measuring and marking

  In order to correctly cut the necessary blanks for the future solid fuel boiler, it is necessary to measure and mark them. To carry out this stage of work, you will need a tape measure, corners, a level and a crayon.

• tools for working with metal

  We will need: pliers, a hammer, grinding wheels different sizes, electric drill, etc.

Important! Working with metal and welding machine one must be extremely careful and observe safety precautions. All work must be carried out in gloves that protect against cuts, and when welding use a protective eye shield.

We make and run a homemade boiler

In order to start making a homemade solid fuel boiler with our own hands, we only lack its circuit. There are many design options. There is even a kind of domestic hot water heating boiler Kupper with hob... The figure below shows a drawing of a simple solid fuel heating device:

As you can see, everything is quite simple and you will be able to make such a boiler yourself. We use a gas cylinder as a base, which is ideal for this purpose. So that's all preparatory work carried out and you can proceed directly to the marking and cutting of parts, and then to the assembly of the boiler itself.

Markup

Mark with a marker directly on the bottom of the body of the propane cylinder rectangular hole for installing the ash pan door. Along the perimeter of the upper part of the case, draw a cut line for the top.

We make the boiler cover

Cut off the top of the balloon along the previously marked line. Along the cut line, we weld strips from sheet metal 3-5 mm thick so that a groove is formed into which the top cover fits snugly. We cut off the valve of the cylinder, and in its place we cut a hole with a diameter of 150 mm. The lid must be equipped with handles for easy installation and removal, as well as clamps for fastening to the main part of the boiler.

We make a chimney pipe

From the end of the cylinder, in its upper part, we cut out a hole for attaching the gas outlet pipe. Subsequently, a chimney will be attached to it.

Ash pan chamber preparation

Cut out a rectangular opening at the bottom of the cylinder. Then in this opening we will mount a door that tightly closes the ash pan.

We make a system for air supply

From a steel sheet, 5 mm thick, we cut out a round disc with a hole in the middle. The diameter of the disc should be slightly less than the diameter of the inside of the cylinder. We weld several guides from the corners to the surface of the disc.

We design a heat exchanger

There are quite a few different options heat exchanger design. What unites them is that they all represent a flow path. We will manufacture the heat exchanger according to the water jacket principle. Structurally, it will be a rectangular tank, inside which we will place our firebox from a propane cylinder. At the top and bottom of the heat exchanger, we will make pipes for connecting the supply and return lines.

Boiler assembly

We put together all the parts of the firebox and place it inside the tank. An opening must be made in the heat exchanger body to access the ash pan. The tank is brewed from above and you get a sealed boiler with a firebox in its center.

For more details on how to make a solid fuel boiler with your own hands, see the video:

The principle of operation of such a solid fuel boiler is quite simple. The heat exchanger tank is filled with water and connected to the heating system. The firebox is filled with firewood through the top cover. The tab from above is ignited and an air supply device is inserted into the boiler, and then the lid is closed. The wood burns from top to bottom, due to which the heating device operates on one tab for a long time. As the wood burns out, the air supply device drops lower and lower to the ash pan. After the firewood burns out, the boiler is cleared of ash through the lower door.

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Do-it-yourself boiler installation features

The boiler can also be installed independently. To use a solid fuel heating device in country house no approvals from utilities are required. If you have a model that works on the principle of pyrolysis, then such devices most often require a power supply for the implementation of forced draft, with the exception of the long-burning pyrolysis boiler "Geyser", which has a natural draft. When connecting and piping, the following points must be taken into account:

1. Because solid fuel boilers are heavy and must be installed on a special foundation. Under no circumstances should the boiler be mounted on a wooden floor.
2. When using the device, its body heats up significantly, so it is recommended to place it at a distance of 1.5m from the nearest walls. If you have a wooden or frame house, it is recommended to protect its walls with galvanized steel sheets and asbestos.
3. The boiler chimney must also be located at a distance of at least 25 cm from combustible ceilings.

When installing the boiler, the above measures should be taken into account. fire safety since the price wrong connection heating device can be very high.

Return to the table of contents

In conclusion, I would like to note that despite the external simplicity of the design and the seeming ease of manufacture, the independent creation of a solid fuel boiler is a rather laborious process. Before starting work, you should adequately assess your strengths and in some cases it will be easier and cheaper to buy a solid fuel boiler of industrial production.

Advantages and disadvantages wood heating housing
Types of wood-fired boilers
Features of the device of units on wood
Preparatory stage
Self-assembly of a wood-fired boiler
Boiler installation and commissioning
Video

Wood-fired boilers are still in demand in suburban households.

And even gasification of small settlements is not able to change this trend. If desired, you can mount a heating system with a homemade wood-fired heating boiler.

Pros and cons of wood heating of housing

The use of solid fuel units is a common way of arranging autonomous heating of private buildings, summer cottages, garages, as well as industrial facilities.

It is quite possible to design a wood boiler with your own hands if you understand the principles of the operation of this equipment, observe the manufacturing technology and at the same time take into account the fire safety requirements.

Wood-fired units, in comparison with boilers operating on other types of fuel, have the following advantages:

1. The wood used for heating is affordable and does not require high energy costs.
2. Firewood is environmentally friendly pure material, not allergic or other medical conditions.
3. The device is easy to use.
4. The room heats up very quickly - after starting the boiler, heat begins to flow into the room immediately.
5. Wood-fired equipment is non-volatile.
6. The devices can provide hot water supply at no additional cost.

   The boiler heats up a boiler with liquid, which acts as a water heating radiator.

There are fewer disadvantages of wood-burning units:

1. The metal housing is subject to corrosion.
2. The equipment requires regular cleaning from ash collected during fuel combustion.
3. One-time loading of fuel is enough for a short time.

Types of wood-fired boilers

Such units are available with automatic and manual fuel loading.

The second type of equipment operates on pellets. They are placed in a special bunker, then they are fed into the furnace. The boiler is capable of operating in automatic mode for a long period.

Electrical equipment is connected to the device, if desired, which minimizes the participation of people in the heating process.

The devices operate in parallel, while the electric boiler maintains a certain water temperature.

Exists Alternative option- the use of a heat accumulator. It assumes the operation of the heat supply system in automatic mode, in which during the day in special capacity accumulates heat, which is consumed at night.

There are three types of wood-burning units with manual loading:

1. Traditional, with a standard design with a combustion chamber at the bottom.

   Such boilers are characterized by the laboriousness of maintenance.

2. Pyrolysis... This equipment operates on the basis of the principle of separating firewood into gaseous and solid substances.

   Pyrolysis devices have a lot of advantages: a fairly high efficiency, a small amount of soot and ash. They work on wood with a moisture content of less than 20%.

3. Long burning... In such boilers, the upper part of the wood burns out, and the remaining fuel begins to smolder slowly. Similar devices differ high level Efficiency and the ability to regulate power consumption.

   The device requires one-time maintenance per day.

Features of the device of units on wood

A standard size or small wood-fired boiler is made of heat-resistant materials that are resistant to high temperatures.

Its main elements:

• two chambers - combustion and ash;
• chimney structure.

The furnace and ash compartments are separated by grates, they are covered with special doors and dampers.

Preparatory stage

Do-it-yourself drawings of a wood-fired boiler help to do this work. A simple device can be assembled with your own hands, without using complex installation equipment. The essence of the technology is to transform wood burning into a decay process.

The diagram of a wood-fired boiler shows that there is an air gap between the inner and outer casing. A stream of cold air enters from below. It is heated by the walls of the inner casing, then rises up through the hole in the outer casing.

Diy wood-fired boiler

The heated air heats the room.

Before making a homemade boiler, you need to prepare tools and materials, including:

1. Sheets of metal 4-5 millimeters thick, or a barrel with a volume of 200 liters, or a body from a used stove.
2. Thick-walled tubular products.
3. Metal fittings and corners.
4. Fasteners.
5. Welding equipment.
6. Electrodes.
7. Chisel and hammer.
8. Bulgarian.
9. Drill.

Self-assembly of a wood-fired boiler

To understand the process of how to make a wood-burning boiler, instructions for its assembly will help.

You should start with the manufacture of an element designed for air supply, for which you need:

1. Take a pipe with thick walls, the length of which is equal to the height of the combustion chamber, weld a bolt to it.
2. Cut a circle from a sheet of metal with a diameter slightly larger than the cross-section of the pipe.
3. Drill a bolt hole in it.
4. Connect the pipe and bolt together, and then tighten the nut. In this case, the air duct should be freely covered with a sheet of metal so that it is possible to change the size of the clearance and thereby adjust the intensity of fuel combustion.

1. Using a grinder, make vertical cuts 1 cm wide in the air pipe, through which air will penetrate into the combustion chamber.
2. Cut out a circle from a sheet of metal that has a slightly smaller diameter than the same parameter for the firebox.
3. Create a hole inside the circle for mounting the air duct.
4. Insert the air pipe into it, having previously stepped back from its edge 20-30 centimeters, and then welded.

Then you need to make the body of a homemade wood-fired boiler:

• when using an old gas cylinder, you need to cut off the top of it;
• if sheets of metal are selected, they must be twisted in the form of a cylinder, fastened and welded on the bottom.

The chimney is performed as follows: a hole is made in the side of the cylinder and a pipe with a minimum diameter of 10 centimeters is welded to it.

Then, the air supply pipe must be inserted into the body of the unit, for which a hole must be made in the bottom of the furnace. It is necessary that the blower protrudes beyond the unit. The air supply pipe must be located below the location of the chimney.

At the next stage, when a wood-burning boiler is made with your own hands for heating a house, you need to make a heat-dissipating disk. To do this, a pancake with a diameter slightly smaller than the body is cut from a sheet of metal 10 millimeters thick. Using steel wire or reinforcement, a handle is made and attached to the disc.

To fix the convection casing, a cylinder with a section larger than the firebox should be made of steel.

Then it is necessary to connect the boiler and the casing. The rest of the barrel, a gas cylinder with a homemade handle, is used as a lid.

Boiler installation and commissioning

To ensure a sufficient degree of air circulation, a home-made wood-fired heating boiler must be installed 20-30 centimeters above the floor level on a fireproof foundation, steel legs welded to the base of the unit.

The connection of the device to the heat supply system is carried out in two stages:

1. The supply and return pipes are connected to the body using branch pipes.
2. The flue pipe is cut into the water tank.

Before connecting a standard or mini wood-fired boiler, they erect around it brick screen which increases heating efficiency and provides protection against touching a hot metal surface at a distance of at least 30 centimeters.

The sequence of putting the unit into operation:

1. The cover and the heat dissipating disc are removed from the boiler.
2. The air damper on the air duct opens.
3. Firewood is placed in the combustion chamber no higher than the chimney level, on top of which small chips must be poured.
4. Before kindling, the wood is watered with a small amount of liquid intended for ignition.
5. The boiler is covered with a disc and closed with a lid.

When the wood fires up, the flap is closed.

Long-burning wood-fired boilers - types and principle of operation

1.The principle of top burning
2. Gas generating pyrolysis boilers
3. Pellet equipment
4. Combined boilers

An excellent alternative to heating devices that require a person's presence and constant monitoring are long-burning wood-burning boilers.

Many modern models such devices can operate autonomously for up to several days without changing the fuel.

To extend the burning period of one fuel tab, two methods are used:

• increase the parameters of the furnace and the container where firewood is stored;
• slow down the combustion of fuel.

Thanks to the latter innovative technologies, it became possible to create an economical wood-fired boiler, which is capable of working from one bookmark of firewood for up to 10 days.

In the production of long-burning heaters, two methods are used to control the combustion of fuel:

• top burning principle;
• pyrolysis process.

Both of these methods increase the efficiency and efficiency of heating equipment, as well as the burning time of one fuel insert.

How modern wood-fired boilers look like can be seen in the photo.

Top burning principle

A wood-burning boiler for long burning is a modern equipment that allows you to save on fuel due to an increase in the duration of its smoldering. The combustion chamber is a hollow, vertically located cylinder in which the burner is located. The principle of operation of such devices is that only the upper layer of the fuel is exposed to combustion.

Gradually the fire goes down. Of course, a homemade wood-fired boiler is unlikely to work from one fuel load for several days.

As a result of the use of modern devices:

• reduced fuel consumption;
• there is no need to constantly monitor the operation of the equipment;
• heat transfer increases;
• you can heat rooms for any purpose.

The water circuit is not located, as in standard models, on top, but around the combustion chamber.

As a result, the fuel, gradually burning out, continues to heat the coolant and heat the premises.

Long-burning boilers also have disadvantages. It:

• high cost of equipment;
• additional fuel loading is not possible until the previous filling in the firebox has completely burned out;
• the efficiency of heating the premises depends on the temperature outside.

  If it is cold outside the house, the fuel burns faster. In a frozen room, the boiler will also consume more firewood. Therefore, it is necessary to install the equipment in a room with high-quality thermal insulation.

The best raw material for boilers is wood. They are distinguished by an affordable price, thanks to which you can save a lot on heating. In some models of boilers there is a special chamber where the firewood, which will be used at the next laying, is dried.

Thus, even if the raw material is initially damp, by the time of combustion it will be dry enough so that the heating efficiency does not decrease and the long-burning boilers on wood work properly. Boilers for a wood-fired bath will be an excellent choice.

Gas generating pyrolysis boilers

When burned, wood gives off a lot of carbon dioxide, which, under certain conditions, becomes a good fuel. In the course of research, it turned out that during combustion, any solid substance forms such a gas.

But it is the wood that makes it stand out to the maximum. Pyrolysis is the process of extracting and storing gas during wood burning. Wood-fired boilers of this type are called gas-generating or pyrolysis boilers (in more detail: "How to make pyrolysis boilers with your own hands").

Wood-fired gas fired boilers use this gas, thereby increasing the operating time and generating additional heat.

The duration of combustion of raw materials increases due to the almost complete absence of oxygen.

403 Forbidden

As a result, the raw material does not burn out in the firebox, but smolders. The gas passes into a special chamber, after which it is enriched with oxygen and burned with a special burner.

A wood-fired gas generator boiler has the following advantages:

• ease of maintenance;
• long-term autonomous operation of equipment;
• the ability to control the combustion temperature;
• the consumption of firewood in a solid fuel boiler is significantly reduced, but this does not affect heat transfer and performance.

Since the gas burns out almost completely and minimally clogs the chimney, maintenance of heating equipment and cleaning of vents and furnaces is rarely required.

But a wood-fired pyrolysis boiler also has some disadvantages:

1. High price.

   This is due to the fact that special conditions are required for pyrolysis, namely: increasing the temperature in the chamber to 200-800 degrees, creating an oxygen deficiency. It is because of the high cost gas-fired boilers are not very common (read: "What is the principle of the pyrolysis boiler: let's figure it out").

2. Large mass. The design of the equipment consists of two chambers: combustion and loading.

   The first burns gas, and the second burns wood. Pyrolysis appliances are heavy and large. For this reason, such boilers for wood-fired baths are rarely used - they take up too much space.

3. Dependence electrical energy... Equipment has to be adjusted to control combustion and regulate temperature.

   The wood-fired hot water boiler has sensitive automation, due to which it turns off during power surges and ceases to function in the absence of electricity. Read also: "Which wood heating boiler to choose - types, advantages, characteristics of wood heating boilers."

How to make a long-burning boiler with your own hands, see the video:

Pellet equipment

Wood fired boilers are used just as often as pellet equipment.

They have almost the same efficiency, so when choosing, you need to focus on the technical characteristics of each model. Boilers that use wood as fuel are easy to operate, but they cannot function as long in an autonomous mode as pellet boilers. The main disadvantage of a pellet heating boiler is its dependence on the screw system. Most often, consumers are unhappy with this particular factor. If the fuel does not flow (and this is most often due to clogging of the screw), then the pellet boiler stops working (see also: "Pellet boiler consumption - theory and practice").

Thus, each type of heating device has its own disadvantages, and the choice depends on a certain situation and the wishes of the buyer.

Wood-fired sauna boilers are an excellent choice: they make it possible to heat the room well without requiring a lot of fuel.

Combined boilers

Solid fuel equipment is of two types:

• only wood is used;
• other types of raw materials can also be used as fuel.

Combined heating equipment is most often used if it is not very convenient to heat a room with one type of fuel throughout the winter.

Combined heating boilers can be converted and further work with wood chips, pellets, liquid fuel.

A high-quality TT long-burning boiler is modern equipment that allows you to save on traditional heating.

As a raw material, wood is usually used, which has a low cost. And since boilers also work for several days without changing the fuel, it is clear why they are becoming so popular.

Despite the large number of different models of heating boilers using electricity or natural gas as fuel - wood-fired boilers for heating a private house continue to enjoy unchanged popularity.

This is mainly due to the availability and cheapness of wood as a fuel.

The efficiency (efficiency) of modern wood-fired heating boilers made according to the latest technologies reaches 85-90%.

There are models that allow you to burn not only logs, but also peat or coal. As well as pellets and waste from the processing of wood materials.

At correct installation using a wood-burning boiler for water heating in a country house is no more difficult and no more dangerous than an ordinary stove. A conditional disadvantage of a wood-fired hot water boiler can be called the laboriousness of the heating process.

Heating equipment requires constant attention for regular fuel loading.

But you can neutralize this minus by purchasing a combined boiler for your private house (firewood + gas, firewood + electricity, firewood + diesel), long burning or on pellets. Therefore, you should buy firewood with delivery in advance.

Internal organization

In heating equipment stores, you can see a considerable number of various models of wood-fired heating boilers, but there are few differences between them. In any case, it has:

• fuel combustion chamber;
• heat exchanger with water as a heat carrier;
• ash pan;
• and chimney.

The heat exchanger for the removal of heated and supply of cooled water in the radiators is equipped with branch pipes.

The material of manufacture for the heat exchanger is steel or cast iron.

The first option is cheaper and has better heat transfer characteristics, but less durable (10-15 years) of the second and, moreover, is more susceptible to corrosive processes.

Wood burning boilers for home: price, reviews, useful recommendations

Cast iron is durable (up to 30 years), but with sudden temperature changes when the house is cooled, it can easily be damaged.

Products of the latest generation are equipped with:

• fans for additional air supply;
• temperature sensors, which, when the parameters fall below the programmed ones, give a signal to the fan to increase the draft, thereby increasing the temperature in the furnace;
• pressure sensors - boiler, to prevent breakdowns and water, to monitor indicators in the heat exchanger and heating system.

Structurally, the simplest wood-burning heater is similar to an ordinary stove-stove with a water jacket inside - firewood, burning in the firebox, provides heating of water, which then enters the heating system to heat the rooms.

The efficiency of such a device is not great, but a lot of firewood is consumed.

More modern, long-burning boilers are structurally more complex - due to which their efficiency increases.

Pyrolysis, they are also long or slow burning boilers

V this option logs are loaded into the large firebox from above.

Where they do not burn with a tightly controlled, limited air supply, but simply smolder with the release of combustible gases. Which, getting into the secondary combustion chamber, with a normal flow of oxygen, burning at higher temperature parameters, give out the bulk of the heat.

In addition to exclusively heating the coolant for the heating system, there are models with additional heat exchangers.

Heated water in which can be used to arrange a "warm floor" or by connecting through a boiler to heat water for domestic consumption (DHW - hot water supply).

Any wood-fired boiler for water heating is not recommended to "fill" with poorly dried or coniferous logs. The former will emit excess steam during combustion, and the latter will emit tar and soot - all this will require more frequent cleaning of the boiler and chimney.

Which wood-burning boiler to choose?

The data sheet prescribes its power in kilowatts (kW) - this is the main parameter that any buyer should look at.

A power of 1 kW will be enough for 10 square meters living space in a high-quality insulated house. But of course, a lot depends on the place of residence and the quality of the house insulation.

Heating a house with a wood-burning boiler in severe frosts - it is best to have a small power reserve - 25-30%.

The modern model must have an emergency cooling system - a wood-fired heating boiler with a water circuit, to prevent damage internal structures in case of overheating or boiling of the coolant in the heat exchanger.

The safest option is with a separate emergency circuit. If it will be necessary to emergency cooling the equipment by quickly replacing the water in the heat exchanger, then you need to make sure that such a boiler is ready to withstand a thermal shock.

Protection from burns.

All the most heated external parts of the product (firebox and ash pan handles, protection casing) must be provided with high-quality thermal insulation in order to avoid burns if accidentally touched.

Installation site and subsequent maintenance

When heating a house with a wood-fired boiler, you should worry about arranging good exhaust ventilation.

If the selected boiler with a capacity of more than 50-55 kW, then it should be installed in a separate boiler room. The floor under the equipment must be solid and not burning (tiled, concrete or porcelain stoneware). The surrounding walls must also be clad with materials that will not ignite from excessively heated walls or from an accidental spark.

There are many options for materials for arranging a chimney today. But in any case, to ensure stable traction, boilers of 16 kW with a chimney diameter of 20 cm will need a 6-meter straight vertical section, and for 32 kW - about 10 meters.

Most of the sellers are also ready to provide services for warranty and post-warranty support of the equipment sold.

It is only necessary to clarify the conditions for certain models. Often, the cost of maintaining a cheap wood-fired heating boiler will be more expensive than its more expensive counterpart.

We make our own water heating system with wood

Simplest thermal water with a tree with your own hands that it is simple enough, it is suitable for small house and for a private house of more impressive dimensions. It is easy to get the material easily as this device is not difficult to install.

The simplest version of water heating

We will now show you how to make system heating with wood by hand: the first thing you need to know is creating an existing water circuit from a stove, and in a simple way, a water boiler that is heated by burning wood.

It's easier if the design is built from scratch. But even in the presence of a pre-cooked oven, you can completely warm up by simply disassembling part of the brick oven.

How the water cycle is made:

It is made from old radiators that are easy to find.

It should be disassembled, cleaned and rinsed. You can wash with hydrochloric acid. When the leftovers are cleared, they must be collected. When installing, use asbestos seals instead of old cardboard gaskets. Assemble it so that the outlet hose is on top and that the inlet hose is at the bottom of the structure.

The assembled circuit must be installed in the chimney in the immediate vicinity of the stove. The hot gases will heat the water and be suitable for heating the home.

The entire system is connected to conventional radiators. We must not forget to install a small expansion tank.

Check for leaks before starting the system. Special attention should be given to the contour assembled by their cast iron parts.

If there are no old iron batteries, it doesn't matter. You can make a good circuit out of regular pipes too.

Only the metal should be thick enough.

Each oven can be connected to a water circuit. Is it usually a stove or a fireplace? Sometimes they make a cauldron out of thick metal wall and put it in the chimney, but right above the stove. It heats up faster.

A more complete water heating system on wood

This is a two-piece pyrolysis boiler.

Wood boiler - independent heating of your home

In the lower part, burnt wood burns, and in the upper part, the gas that occurs during combustion. Since in this design, gases do not immediately enter the chimney, the efficiency is higher and the wood consumes less of this wood.

It is connected with thick walls along which water circulates, heating from the boiler.

It should be noted that for the normal operation of such a boiler, only a dry fireplace is needed.

If a pyrolysis boiler is installed in the farm, the supply should be well dried fuel.

There are systems that are used to heat not water, but hot air. Whoever passes through the circuit is fed into the living quarters. The cooled air, after the law of physical convection falls, enters a special air supply and returns to the boiler.

Where can I get the necessary material?

Old iron castings can be found in the demolition of old houses.

You can visit collection points for scrap metal. At such points, you can find not only radiators, but also decomposed boilers that can be used.

Advantages of do-it-yourself hot water heating systems for wood:

The advantages of this type of heating are obvious, since it is enough to completely heat water on a tree with your own hands fuel is simply available and expendable materials inexpensive.

You only need welding skills, study and understand the programs carefully and follow the instructions.

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Long burning wood boiler: selection rules

1.Features of wood-fired boilers
2. Characteristics of wood-fired boilers
3. The principle of operation of wood-burning boilers for long burning
4. Choosing a boiler for long burning

The cost of heating is increasing all the time, so it is not surprising that many owners of private houses are trying to find a more economical option.

One of the most popular heating devices is a long-burning wood-burning boiler. To heat rooms with it, you only need wood, and since this resource is inexpensive, you can save a lot on heating.

The gas-wood boiler is very simple and convenient to use.

The only major drawback is the need to refuel it with new fuel every few hours.

But new long-burning wood-burning boilers for heating a house have a special design, thanks to which one portion of firewood lasts for 12-14 hours (read also: "Heating without gas and firewood - we choose an economical alternative").

Such devices can be located in a building, in a boiler room or in a separate annex. The operation of the heater must be monitored; therefore, the room must not be heated in the absence of a person who can monitor the boiler.

Features of wood-fired boilers

Long-burning wood-fired boilers differ in design, material from which they are made, and parameters of the combustion chamber.

For the manufacture of a heat exchanger for these devices, steel or cast iron is most often used. Each of these materials has advantages and disadvantages. For example, a cast-iron heat exchanger works stably and cools down for a long time, but with regular sharp changes in temperature, it can begin to collapse.

Economical wood-fired boiler

Steel heat exchangers are more resistant to temperature extremes, but they are subject to corrosion and last only 10-15 years.

Operational features of wood-fired boilers:

• heating of the coolant is uneven;
• carbon monoxide released during the operation of the device does not enter the chimney, but is a raw material for the production of combustible gas, which ensures environmental safety;
• the combustion process of fuel lends itself to regulation by means of air supply;
• during burning wood material a large amount of ash and soot is formed;
• for the boiler to work, there must be a chimney in the room;
• it is necessary to monitor the dryness of the wood, since if it is wet, its energy qualities deteriorate;
• it is necessary to locate the boiler with a long burning and fuel away from various surfaces and devices, therefore, there should be enough free space in the room.

Long burning wood burning boilers have the following advantages:

• high efficiency, the ability to regulate the temperature of the water supply;
• you can heat various rooms and buildings;
• the possibility of using and combining different types fuel (read also: " Wood stoves long burning: we do it together ");
• there is no need to connect to communications, since the heater works autonomously;
• low cost of fuel (wood).

Characteristics of wood-fired boilers

Solid fuel wood heating boilers are single-circuit and double-circuit.

The second type of boilers has a special operating principle: one circuit serves for heating, and the second provides it with hot water supply.

Different models of devices have different technical characteristics, but the average indicators are as follows:

• power of about 100 kW;
• at the entrance to the boiler, the temperature of the coolant is at least 50 degrees;
• when leaving the boiler, the water temperature is 80 degrees;
• working pressure - 1 atmosphere;
• the weight of the boiler is maximum 400 kilograms;
• wood, peat, coal can be used as fuel (read: "Modern long-burning coal-fired boilers for heating");
• the maximum length of firewood is 40 centimeters;
• The efficiency is at least 89%, this indicator varies depending on the type and moisture content of the fuel;
• the duration of work as a result of one load of firewood is approximately 12 hours.

Wood-fired boilers are distinguished by an increased level of safety, since they are adequately protected from overheating.

They can be installed in any premises, including those where it is not possible to use a gas or electric heater. In addition, these devices do not harm the environment and allow you to save on heating your home.

The principle of operation of wood-burning boilers for long burning

The operation of the device begins with smoldering fuel (wood, peat, coal) in the firebox.

Since the oxygen supply is minimal, the smoldering time is significantly increased, due to which the fuel is sufficient for about 12 hours. One fill is enough for 80% longer than in a conventional boiler, which allows economical use of wood. In addition, this makes it possible to reduce the time required to monitor the operation of the device.

A wood-burning boiler is suitable for a summer cottage, a private house, industrial premises- heating will be of high quality, and at the same time a lot of money will not be required for fuel. See also: "How a long burning boiler works - the principle of operation of a solid fuel boiler, types, advantages."

Since smoldering takes place for a long time, a gas with a high calorific value is formed in the silo.

It enters the combustion chamber through a refractory nozzle and ignites when exposed to oxygen. During the operation of the boiler, a lot of heavy and hazardous compounds, including soot. Thus, toxic substances do not enter the chimney and do not pollute the environment, but burn, giving off heat. Only non-flammable, non-toxic smoke enters the chimney.

In the boiler, the fuel is processed according to the principle of upper combustion, in other words, the upper layer starts to burn out first.

The flame gradually descends downward, thereby slowing down the smoldering process, but increasing the generation of heat. The duration of operation after one load of fuel varies depending on the boiler model.

In the case of maintaining a constant temperature, most devices can work for 1-2 days. But there are also models that can function without adding fuel for up to 3 days.

The wood-burning boiler connection diagram is shown in the photo. See also: "We connect the TT long-burning boiler with our own hands."

Types and characteristics of long-burning boilers, detailed video:

Choosing a long burning boiler

When choosing any heating device, many factors must be taken into account.

First of all, this concerns power, so it is necessary to calculate in advance what indicator the boiler should have in order to efficiently heat a room of a specific area.

The efficiency of the device is also of great importance.

Then you need to decide on the material from which the boiler should be made. Most often, steel and cast iron appliances are chosen. Weight, heating principle and device power depend on the material. See also: "How a wood-burning boiler for heating a private house is arranged - the principle of operation, advantages and disadvantages, installation."

Before purchasing an appliance, you need to make sure that there is enough free space in order to locate it and store fuel supplies. The installation of a wood-fired boiler differs depending on the design and the manufacturing plant. After choosing the device, it is worth carefully examining it in order to identify them immediately if there are defects, and not during operation. See also: "What are wood-fired heating boilers - features, advantages."

In order for the boiler to serve for a long time and work effectively, it is necessary to follow all the recommendations for operation. In addition, only dry fuel should be used, since moisture not only reduces the amount of heat generated, but also reduces the operating life of the heater.

Every house should be cozy and comfortable, but what cosiness is it without warmth? For this, a heating system is equipped in houses, which looks like a complex wiring of pipes and a boiler.

It is in the boiler that the coolant is located, which heats up and with the help of pumping equipment passes through the pipes through the radiators, giving off part of the heat, and cooled back to the boiler. And the action is repeated again.

Nowadays, companies that produce equipment for heating systems offer a wide range of options for heating devices. From expensive models to affordable for the common man.

But low price usually does not imply quality and durability. In this regard, some consumers are interested in the question: how to make a heating boiler with their own hands?

We will try to help you good advice and recommendations with the provision of photos different forms boilers.

Varieties

First, it is worth deciding on a boiler model that will suit your home. It depends on the type of fuel you intend to use.

Varieties of models are divided into:

Gas

These are the most complex models in design and are very similar to each other. To install a gas boiler, you must obtain a permit from the gas service, which can easily resist its installation, referring to the fact that you need to pressure the boiler in their laboratory.

But having an act of inspection of the laboratory, you will be given permission.

Electrical

The easiest to make with your own hands. To do this, it is enough to take the tank and equip it with a heating element, two nozzles that are connected to the supply and return circuits. There is no need for a chimney and combustion chamber.

But there are still two negative points: electricity is expensive and when the voltage drops, the power of the boiler and the temperature of the coolant decrease.

Solid fuel

Most popular and optimal view boilers in independent design for country houses. And firewood is the cheapest fuel.

Liquid fuel

This option is very time consuming. It will require the construction of a separate warehouse near the house to store fuel resources in accordance with fire safety regulations.

From it to the boiler room, you need to lay a pipeline with mandatory insulation. Install a specific burner in the boiler, which requires a difficult adjustment.

Construction of a solid fuel boiler on our own

To make your own boiler in a private house, you need to have the skills and knowledge of a welder.

To get started, you need to arm yourself with the following tools: a welding unit, an autogenous machine, a grinder, measuring instrument in the form of a tape measure, chalk or marking agent, a hammer.

And purchase the necessary materials: pipes dia. 425, 100 and 25 mm, metal 4 mm, squeegee for connection dia. 25 mm - 2 pcs., Medium awnings, corners made of steel 25 mm, fittings dia. 8 mm.

Note!

Design sketches are also indispensable. The necessary boiler drawings can be found on certain sites on the World Wide Web or in technical publications, but most importantly with suitable dimensions.

Preparation for the construction of the building

The first step is to prepare the necessary details. A box with a height of 100-120 cm is made from a pipe larger diameter... We cut it according to the indicated dimensions and grind the edges with a grinder.

Then you need to cut through square windows for the firebox (20x10 cm) and a blower 20x3 cm in size, placing one above the other, but the firebox is on top.

From the blower to the bottom of the body should be 5 or 7 cm, up to the firebox - 5 cm. The edges should also be processed. Use the cut-off part of the pipe as a firebox door, cleaning the edges.

Now you need to cut holes for installing pipes dia. 25 mm: one for the feed, the other for the return, opposite each other. The return flow is done on the side 0.15 m above the firebox. The hole for the heat supply is cut at a level of 0.05 m from the top of the box, and the bends are welded.

Note!

The next step is to cut out three circles of metal: two to dia. 425 mm and one dia. 412 mm. A circle with a smaller diameter will be located inside the body. A hole with a diameter of slightly more than 10 cm is made in the center of all circles.

The chimney part is made from a pipe dia. 10 cm long, 120-130 mm. And as legs, a pipe dia. 25 mm in the amount of 4 pieces of 5 cm. A sieve is made from the reinforcement for the ash collector diam. 412 mm.

Boiler construction assembly

To a circle dia. 412 mm, the chimney is attached by welding. After that, in the inner part of the body, upwards 30-35 cm from the hole of the furnace, stops from the reinforcement are welded for a while. A circle with a chimney is installed on top of them.

The next moment is very important - this is the welding of the circle with the body. The seam must be made double-sided and of high quality, since it connects the firebox and the water tank.

With reverse inside the chimney is fitted with a reinforcing grille. Stops are made from the corners, which need to be welded between the firebox and the blower, and place a grate on them.

Note!

At the end, by welding, attach a circle to dia. 425 mm to the bottom of the boiler, weld on the legs and hinges for installing the firebox door.

Boiler performance check

When your creation is completely ready, you need to get tested. Close one squeegee and pour water into the other. If the welds do not allow water to pass through, then the welding work was done well.

Do not be afraid that a leak will appear during operation. Connect the boiler to the heating structure of the country house by connecting the squeegees with the coolant pipes. The chimney must be vertically upward. It must be insulated within the attic.

So the time has come for the first furnace. To do this, use not too much wood to heat the boiler itself and the chimney. With a jump in temperature, condensation may appear, which can become tar and narrow the diameter, which will entail a decrease in thrust.

During the heating, it is necessary to adjust the gap in the blower, ensuring the required size for the passage of air.

The top of the bookmark is usually located 20 cm from the inner circle for optimal burning of wood and coal. And smoke and fumes will come out through the chimney.

Operating principle

We think you yourself have already understood that the boiler is the same wood-burning stove. The energy from the combustion of wood heats the coolant above the combustion chamber itself.

The heating medium is heated from the inner circle and the chimney passing through the water reservoir. The body heats up and accumulates cooling when the boiler is turned off.

The hot coolant moves up and through the upper compartment moves into the circuit heating system... And it returns, cooled, through the branch pipe from the bottom to the boiler.

The installation of a wood-fired boiler can be made of a cubic shape of 4 mm metal, but this is a more laborious process, especially the separate assembly of the firebox.

A combustion chamber is placed in the housing, and the coolant can circulate between the walls. This option is effective, but difficult to construct due to the large number of welds.

Now, if necessary, you can build a boiler for your country house yourself!

Diy boiler photo

After the purchase country house people are increasingly wondering how to install a wood burning boiler. In this case, it is often not about heating, but about heating water for domestic needs. Agree, it is hardly advisable to buy expensive equipment for this, it will be cheaper to build a wood-burning boiler with your own hands.

How does it work

The wood-burning boiler is a modern, somewhat improved analogue of the ancient and well-known to everyone wood-burning stove. Therefore, the principle of operation of this boiler is extremely simple.

Firewood is placed in the combustion chamber, burns there and transfers the generated heat to the heat exchanger installed in the device. The latter is connected to pipes that transport hot water to the general heating network... When the fuel burns, not only the coolant heats up. Both the chimney and the boiler itself also participate in heat exchange, but only in the room where they are installed.

A chimney is installed to remove the smoke that appears during fuel combustion. Soot also settles in the chimney - another product of wood combustion. If there is too much of it, then the traction will deteriorate significantly.

Important! For timely cleaning of the chimney, special holes are left in it, which are closed by flaps. Cleaning is done with long brushes.

It is worth noting that today, along with the fuel, special substances are often loaded that help clean the chimney during combustion.

About modern wood boilers

Today's heat generators of this type are nearly ideal. After all, technologies are developing and heating equipment, respectively, has undergone significant changes. These are the main types of wood burning boilers:

• pellet:
• pyrolysis;
• open fireplaces.

Separately, it is worth talking about pyrolysis devices, which, during operation, burn not only wood, but also the gas generated during the combustion process.

Pellet boilers use waste from the woodworking industry, compressed into special pellets. If we talk about fireplaces, then they are more likely to carry an aesthetic load.

Where are used

Wood-fired boilers are used mainly in settlements located far from gas mains. It may seem that in such cases it is possible to heat the house with electricity, but in reality this energy resource is expensive and unstable.

Also, wood-fired boilers are popular with summer residents who live on plots only on weekends. Home saunas and baths are also not complete without such boilers.

Important! Due to their low power, such heat generators are impractical to use for heating industrial facilities, but it is quite enough to create comfortable conditions in a small private house.

Advantages and disadvantages

Wood-fired boilers, like any others, have their own strengths and weak sides... The benefits include:

• autonomy from electricity - the owner may not be afraid of power outages or voltage surges;
• ease of installation and operation;
• durability;
• environmental friendliness, because wood is a clean product that, when burned, does not emit any harmful and even more toxic substances; although carbon dioxide can be poisoned if fire safety rules are not followed;
• low cost, which can be further reduced if you make your own equipment;
• availability of raw materials - for people living near forests, wood is free fuel.

It is also worth noting that along with firewood in boilers of this type, organic household waste can be burned (only solid, of course).

But such equipment also has disadvantages, including:

Obviously, all the disadvantages described are very significant, but among them there is nothing about the preparation of firewood. You need to find firewood, bring it to the site, chop it, find a storage place and constantly bring it to the boiler, because one portion is usually enough for two to three hours. Of course, firewood can be bought if desired, but this is again an additional cost.

Instructions for making a wood-fired boiler

An ordinary wood-burning water heater is quite easy to make, even without the use of sophisticated equipment. In this case, the main task is to transform fuel combustion into smoldering, which makes it possible to increase the frequency of refueling and, as a result, to reduce fuel consumption.

For the blank, it is advisable to use a metal 200-liter barrel with thick walls or a small (1 m long) piece of pipe with a diameter of 70 cm. It is not recommended to use stainless steel elements, since the thermal conductivity of this material is rather low: more wood will be required for heating.

A metal circle of the corresponding diameter with a minimum thickness of 5 cm is used as the bottom. For the supports, 3-cm pieces of reinforcement with a diameter of 12-14 cm are taken.A blank for the grate is also required - a thick steel circle with longitudinal slots necessary for supplying air to the combustion chamber and ash fallout. You will also need a third circle 1 cm thick, which will serve as a boiler lid.

So, for the construction of a wood-burning boiler, you need to prepare the following materials:

Now you can start directly with the manufacturing process.

Procedure

The manufacturing technology of a wood-burning boiler, as mentioned earlier, is extremely simple.

Stage one. Foundation

A solid foundation must be laid under the wood-burning boiler. For this, exclusively fireclay bricks are used.

Stage two. Support

Then reinforcement rods are welded inside the tank. The rods must be placed in a horizontal position parallel to each other so that three levels are formed.

1. Level 1 is the bottom of the heater.
2. Level 2 is located above the blower door.
3. Level 3 should be located no closer than 20 cm from the structure cover.

Stage three. Box

One of the most important elements of any solid fuel boiler is a box. This box is divided into two parts (horizontally) - the first will serve as a soot collector, and the second will be loaded with firewood. To mount the box, a hole is made in the device case (namely, on the side).

Important! The essence of installing this box is as follows: it can be used to heat the boiler from a nearby room, which is especially convenient for a bath. In this case, the width of the box must be at least the same as the thickness of the wall through which it will pass.

Stage four. Blown

Next, you need to equip the blower. It is desirable to make it in the form of a pull-out drawer - then you will not need to install a door. Moreover, with such a box it will be easier to clean the boiler from accumulated ash and soot.

Stage five. Internal arrangement

The bottom of the structure with the grate is welded to the lower part of the device body. The grate must be installed at the same level as the top wall of the box. Then a chimney hole of the corresponding diameter is made in the stove cover. The lid itself is also welded to the body.

Stage six. Water heating tank

The hot water tank is fixed to the wall at a height of approximately 35 cm from the lid of the wood-fired boiler. The water in the container will be heated from the chimney passing through it.

If the heating device is installed in the house, but at the same time hot water supply is required to other objects on the site (both residential and commercial), then you can stretch a pipeline to them.

Important! This pipeline should be covered with insulating material to avoid heat loss.

Stage seven. Protective shield

To prevent different kinds the tragic consequences of a home-made boiler must be protected with a special protective screen. For the construction of such a screen, several carefully rounded wooden planks, which are nailed to the bars in a horizontal position. There is another option - to build a one-meter-high fence of bricks laid on the edge.

Such a screen is necessary to protect the hot housing of the device from possible touches. Moreover, it is a good design solution that can be used for purely aesthetic purposes.

The amount of accumulated soot depends on the fuel and the operating conditions. Thus, conifers produce more soot. The use of raw firewood, as well as poor-quality thermal insulation, leads to the formation of condensation. Ideally, you need to drown exclusively with dry aspen logs.

Video - Making a wood boiler

Homemade solid fuel boilers are inexpensive heat sources where gas mains are still lacking. Burning wood in their fireboxes, they emit a large amount of heat energy, which is spent on heating living quarters. But they require constant attention of users, which is associated with the rapid combustion of fuel. Let's see how do-it-yourself long-burning boilers on wood are assembled with a load for 24 hours, which do not require frequent fuel loading.

In this review, we'll look at:

• The main features of wood-fired boilers;
• Principles of implementing long-term burning;
• Varieties of long-burning boilers running on wood;
• Self-assembly instructions.

After reading this review, you will be able to decide which boiler you can assemble with your own hands.

Wood heating - pros and cons

Homemade wood-burning boilers are actively used to heat living quarters - these are small country houses and large private households located in places far from gas mains. They use wood or coal as fuel. Coal-fired units are distinguished by high heat generation, but it is far from always possible to get this fuel. Therefore, people prefer wood-burning models.

Let's look at the main advantages of homemade wood-fired boilers:

• You do not need permission for installation and operation - we have the right to independently dispose of this equipment;
• Cheapness to operate - in comparison with electric heating, heating with wood is cheaper. And if you find a source of free logs, then you will only have to spend money on assembling a heating boiler;
• Independence from power grids - this refers to the simplest units, which do not include electrical components;
• The possibility of implementing long-term combustion - it will reduce the number of approaches for filling all new portions of fuel;
• Cheapness to assemble - a home-made wood-fired boiler for a private house will cost less than its factory counterpart.

There are also some disadvantages:

Only constant cleaning of the boiler and its systematic scheduled repair will be able to ensure a stable and effective work the unit throughout its operation.

• Homemade wood-burning boilers for heating a house may not reach the maximum efficiency - handicraft assembly errors affect;
• Solid fuel boilers for coal and wood require regular cleaning - that is, we can get rid of the need for frequent fuel loading, but it is impossible to cope with the cleaning problem. Therefore, we will have to regularly clean the equipment from soot and ash;
• The complexity of self-installation - homemade boilers for long burning on wood, with a water circuit, may seem difficult to manufacture. And the less experience with tools, the more difficult the task will seem.

In addition, homemade long-burning boilers do not differ in normal external data, although it all depends on the skill of the assembler.

In addition to soot and coal, condensation can form in boilers for long burning - it is formed as a result of the use of raw firewood.

Ways to implement long-term burning

The main problem that plagues users of wood-fired boilers is the lack of long-term burning. We have to regularly throw new portions of firewood into their furnaces. And if during the day it is still possible to somehow come to terms with this, then at night the problem is exacerbated - if you do not pay due attention to the equipment, the fuel will go out. Within an hour after the decay, the temperature in the rooms will begin to drop.

This problem can be solved in a rather interesting way - built into a wood-fired boiler electric heater(Heating element). We will not get long burning here, but the heating element will be able to maintain a certain temperature in the circuit, providing users with heat. True, this approach is fraught with high energy consumption - in a month it can "burn" up to several thousand rubles, depending on the area of ​​home ownership and the capacity of the heating element itself.

Solid fuel boilers for long burning, running on wood and coal, completely solve the problem with frequent loading of fuel. Some of them can burn for up to several days, providing consumers with warmth. Long-term burning is realized in several ways:

• An increase in the volume of the combustion chamber several times;
• Using the pyrolysis combustion scheme;
• By partially automating the fuel supply.

Let's see what the application of certain techniques will give us.

Combustion chamber enlargement

By correctly calculating the size of the combustion chamber and the door for supplying firewood, you will not only increase the efficiency of the boiler, but also make your life much easier during its operation.

The easiest way to realize long-term combustion in a wood-fired boiler is to increase the volume of its combustion chamber. Suppose we need to heat a 100 sq. m. For this we need 2.3 firewood per hour (the average calorific value of wood is about 4.3 kWh / kg. Therefore, in order to achieve long-term burning for 12 hours, we need a combustion chamber that can hold 28 kg of firewood. wood density of 1.73 kg / dm³, the approximate volume of the chamber will be 16.18 liters.

Since we are interested in loading for 24 hours, the volume of the combustion chamber will be 32.26 liters. But you need to take into account that firewood is far from water. They do not occupy the entire space entirely, so we can safely multiply the resulting value by two - in total, we get about 65 liters. It is also necessary to leave a margin for normal combustion, so that there is where the flame rages, although here everything depends on the boiler design.

When calculating the size of the combustion chamber, be guided by the length of the logs - this will help create a firebox that is easy to load.

It becomes obvious that in order to realize ultra-long combustion, it is necessary to create a very large combustion chamber. And in order to further increase the efficiency and duration of combustion of one portion of fuel, you should use certain types of wood - we recommend making a choice in favor of birch and oak. Despite the fact that their calorific value is less than that of the same pine, these types of wood are denser. And they burn at a higher temperature (almost +900 degrees).

Pyrolysis combustion

Long-burning pyrolysis boilers can increase the efficiency of burning wood. Here's how they work:

• The fuel burns in the main combustion chamber with a minimum amount of oxygen;
• The pyrolysis products released as a result of such combustion enter the afterburner;
• In the combustion chamber, pyrolysis gases are burned with the release of a large amount of heat.

A powerful fan and a control unit will free you from the need to constantly regulate the combustion process, and besides, they will allow the boiler to work with much greater efficiency.

The main advantage of pyrolysis is the possibility of long-term combustion by adjusting the intensity of the pyrolysis reaction. For this, a blower fan is installed in the system. When it turns on, a high-temperature flame is formed in the afterburner, and the coolant begins to warm up. As soon as the automation registers the achievement of the set temperature, the blower fan will stop - the slow-burning boiler will stop working, minimizing fuel costs.

The implementation of the pyrolysis combustion scheme in wood-fired boilers is rather complicated, but it allows you to achieve long-term combustion and automatic temperature control in the circuit. If you want to do without automation, then the intensity will have to be adjusted manually, using slide valves and a blower.

Fuel supply automation

A similar principle for implementing long-term combustion is implemented in boilers that do not run on wood, but on pellets. Fuel is supplied to them by means of a screw and burned in a specially designed burner. By connecting a giant bunker, you can stay away from the equipment for several days. If you want a boiler with a long burning up to 7 days, you should turn your attention to pellets.

At home, we can implement the following scheme - purchase a burner with automatic pellet feed by connecting a volumetric hopper to it. But our task is to create a long-burning boiler on wood. Therefore, we will consider two schemes for the partial automation of firewood supply - lower and upper combustion.

The bottom combustion boiler ensures long-term combustion of the fuel. The flame forms at the very bottom of the masonry, breaking out into a separate chamber. As it burns, the wood falls down, automatically feeding into the burning zone. This is how mine-type units work. But in the boilers of the upper combustion, the flame burns on the surface of the wood masonry - such a scheme is implemented in the Polish boiler houses of the Stropuv installation and in the self-assembled boiler-stoves Bubafonya.

The main types of homemade boilers

If you are going to make a long-burning boiler with your own hands, then the information from our review will definitely come in handy. In the following sections, we will tell you how to make a heating unit of one design or another yourself, we will give several of the easiest schemes, we will publish information about the most common long-burning boilers. Let's pay attention to the last question for now.

It's time to consider the most relevant options for long-burning boilers, which we can assemble with our own hands at home. They will all eat wood. As for coal, it is more difficult to get it, and it also leads to high temperature loads on heating units. In the following sections, we will give drawings of solid fuel boilers for long burning and give explanatory information.

We can make the simplest mine boiler with our own hands. It is implemented according to the bottom combustion scheme. The basis of the unit is a spacious loading chamber, which is often called a mine. With its vertical design, it can accommodate a large amount of firewood. As they burn, they fall down, and the combustion products are sent through the grate to the ash pan.

If we look at the diagram of a shaft furnace (boiler), we will find that our flame is not raging in the shaft at all, but in the adjacent chamber, from where the heat obtained is fed into the fire-tube heat exchanger. And the rest of the heat energy is directed to the chimney. Burning here is long and is determined by the volume of the mine - having loaded a large amount of firewood here, you can safely go to bed.

Pyrolysis boiler

Let's see how the pyrolysis boiler works and how to make this unit with your own hands. The easiest way to explain the principle of operation of this unit is on the example of a potbelly stove. Here we see a volumetric combustion chamber that implements long-term combustion. The resulting combustion products are sent to the afterburner, into which secondary air is supplied. As a result, a large amount of heat is generated. All that remains for us is to equip the stove with a fire-tube heat exchanger.

There are dozens of drawings for long-burning boilers on wood, built on the pyrolysis principle of operation. They differ in the location of the combustion and afterburning chambers, the presence and absence of blowing fans and automation, as well as methods of adjusting the intensity of the combustion process of wood fuel. But in general, their principle of operation is the same.

Stoves-boilers Bubafonya

Bubafonya is a stove, and its modification is a water-heating wood-burning boiler with air supply from above, through a pressure piston. We have already written about such stoves more than once in our reviews, now it's time to talk about units with a heating circuit. To implement the contour, we can use three schemes:

• Install the heat exchanger on chimney- the simplest option;
• Build a continuous water jacket around the boiler body;
• Weld the body of the unit with pipes through which the coolant will circulate.

Which scheme to choose is up to you. By the way, the Bubafonya boilers, due to the spacious chambers, will help to realize long-term combustion up to 24 hours and even more.

Long-burning boilers Bubafonya operate on wood, they have an upper combustion scheme.

Boilers-furnaces Buleryan

Initially, Buleryans were (and are) convection-type ovens. They are equipped with powerful convectors that allow you to warm up the room in just 20-25 minutes big size... Originally appearing in Canada, these ovens have reached Russia, which also boasts a harsh climate (indeed for some regions). Craftsmen turned the stoves into boilers, having worked a little on the design of the convectors - now it is not air that circulates through them, but a coolant.

True, Buleryan boilers cannot boast of long burning, since they do not differ in the largest combustion chambers. Some of them have the property of burning up to 10-12 hours, some - a little longer. But you still can't count on 24 hours. But they are distinguished by high efficiency and the ability to transfer heat to heating systems as quickly as possible.

Brief instructions for the manufacture of boilers

If you want to make a solid fuel boiler for long burning with your own hands, then the drawings will become the starting point for you - choose the option that you can do and proceed to action. In this section, we will look at several drawings and give brief assembly instructions.

Self-assembly of a mine boiler

So, before you is the simplest drawing of a mine-type wood-fired boiler for long burning. If you have experience in parsing drawing diagrams, you can easily assemble this heating unit. By the way, it is assembled not only from metal, but also from bricks - in order to ensure the resistance of the unit to high temperatures, you will need fireclay bricks. Structurally, a long-burning mine boiler consists of the following parts:

• Fuel storage chambers - firewood is loaded here. The loading door is located in the upper part;
• Grate - separates the loading chamber from the ash pan. It is on the grate that the hearth of the flame is located;
• A chamber with a fire-tube heat exchanger - a flame bursts out here, transferring heat to the heating system;
• Chimney - combustion products are removed through it.

There are dozens of drawings of long-burning mine boilers, but we chose this one.

Remember that by creating an impressive loading chamber, you will ensure long-term burning of the wood in your boiler.

We collect the pyrolysis boiler

The assembly of a long-burning pyrolysis boiler begins with the selection of a suitable drawing. The thing is that the variety of schemes is even greater here. Some of the blueprints are replicas of successful factory designs, and some are artisanal. It is best to take a circuit with a water jacket as a basis. In this case, the combustion and afterburner chambers are located inside the unit itself, washed by water from almost all sides. This arrangement ensures maximum heat extraction and user safety.

A long-burning pyrolysis boiler is equipped with a large combustion chamber in which firewood is smoldering. The evolved pyrolysis products are sent upward to the afterburner (in the picture above). The resulting smoke and solid particles are sent to the chimney. There is no traditional fire-tube heat exchanger here, but there are schemes where both heat exchangers and jackets are present.

One of the most effective pyrolysis boiler schemes, of those that are available in the manufacture of their own.

Separate schemes provide for the creation of a preparation circuit hot water- in this case, the equipment will turn out to be complex, but more functional. Detailed instructions on the assembly of the pyrolysis boiler you will find in our reviews.

We collect the boiler Bubafonya

The long-burning boiler Bubafonya is the simplest heating unit. It is simpler than its pyrolysis counterparts, due to which it is in certain demand. Bubafonya can be collected from any suitable container - for example, from an old gas cylinder or a barrel of a suitable volume. Also, steel sheets are adapted for this, assembling more reliable and durable units.

As a basis, you can take a diagram with a heat exchanger put on the chimney. But it is best to make a water jacket or scald the body with pipes (in this case, the body should be thick enough, up to 4-5 mm) - such a scheme will improve the selection of thermal energy. For a small house or summer cottage, Bubafonya will be the best option, but you need to remember that the boiler itself must be installed in non-residential premises... The thing is that its kindling is carried out open way and the smoke will go indoors.

Structurally, a long-burning boiler based on the Bubafonya furnace consists of the following units:

• Body - it is also a combustion chamber, it also forms a loading chamber;
• Pressing piston - it provides air supply and presses down the wood a little;
• Chimney - removes combustion products.

Almost the entire internal volume is clogged with wood. For example, if you create a combustion chamber with a volume of 200 liters, then the logs will be enough for 2-3 days of work, and not just for 24 hours.

You can find detailed instructions for assembling Bubafoni with drawings in the reviews published on our website.

Buleryan boiler

The basis of a long-burning boiler is an impressive combustion chamber formed by an intricate interweaving of welded curved metal pipes... These pipes were originally convectors of the furnaces of the same name, but in our case they will play the role of a powerful water heat exchanger. The heat transfer here is really very good, since the pipes are in direct contact with the flame and burning wood.

To assemble Buleryan, it is necessary to prepare sheet metal and pipes with a diameter of at least 60 mm. They are bent with a pipe bender, after which they are welded together, forming the basis of the future long-burning boiler. The next stage is sealing the combustion chamber, installing the doors and installing the chimney. Special attention is paid to convection pipes - they are welded from the bottom and from the top together, forming a large water heat exchanger.

The finished structure is installed on a non-combustible base and connected to the chimney brought out to the roof. Please note that for the correct operation of these long-burning boilers, chimneys with a height of at least 5 meters are required. It is also advisable to organize a condensate collector - a lot of it is formed here.

A boiler assembled according to this scheme will delight you with ease of ignition and the fastest possible heating of the entire heating system.

You will find step-by-step instructions for assembling a Buleryan long-burning furnace in our reviews. You just have to modify the convector supply system to work with a coolant.

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