Insulation of the outer walls of a panel house. Wall insulation in a panel house: advantages and disadvantages

The need for energy saving makes the insulation of walls in panel house, which was built several decades ago.

External work on the upper floors cannot be done independently, and inner surfaces apartments are always available to improve the comfort of living in low winter temperatures.

Insulation of windows and doors will not solve the problem in the presence of a significant cold surface of the outer walls.

Warming methods

Correct insulation will bring the dew point out of the wall of the house

Of 2 existing ways, as in a panel house (outside or inside), the location of the thermal insulation on inside saves money, but has accompanying circumstances:

the dew point shifts to the inner edge of the wall, which negatively affects the durability of the materials of the supporting structures;
the internal volume of the room is reduced due to the thickness of the insulation and the covering covering it;
so that such a wall can be used when hanging interior items, the cladding must be durable (plywood, chipboard, GVP);
every kind is warm insulating material has its own installation technology (frame device, special equipment for applying a liquid mass, the use of installed fasteners, adhesives, sealants), the need for vapor barrier;
preparatory and installation work excludes the room from the living space during the renovation.

You can minimize the magnitude of these factors by using a ventilated structure with condensate drainage, choosing an insulation material with a high thermal resistance and, accordingly, reducing the thickness of the structure, but they must be taken into account and calculated when planning (designing) the insulation layer.

Materials (edit)

Light cladding can be covered with plaster on top

According to their technical specifications work on the construction of a heat-saving coating in a panel house from the inside is carried out from the following common materials:

mineral wool;
extruded;
polyurethane foam;
foil (reflective) insulation;
insulation paint.

At device light the insulating wall cladding without lining from above with durable sheets of insulation slabs (polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, stone basalt wool) is simply hidden with a layer of plaster:

Polyfoam tolerates moisture well

An important criterion the choice is the incombustibility of the material and environmental safety, since it is installed indoors.

You can compare the indicators possessed by this or that thermal insulation according to the table:

Attention should be paid to fluctuations in humidity in the room - on the one hand, in excess, it can negatively affect the characteristics of the insulation (mineral wool), on the other, the delay in condensation contributes to the appearance and development of fungus and other microorganisms (foam).

Roll materials

Minvata fireproof material

It belongs to the popular options for insulation, because it has a number of undeniable advantages:

Easily cut into pieces of the desired size.
Follows the shape of the surface (tight fit).
It is vapor-permeable enough not to be additionally used in membrane construction.
Does not burn, unlike polymers, it does not form toxic smoke when heated.
Resistant to the effects of microorganisms.

Available in rolls, stitching mats and slabs. Of all types of this material, stone basalt wool is preferable.

Foil materials reflect heat waves inside the room

Foamed polyethylene foam is used to reflect infrared radiation and create a barrier to water vapor. To surfaces hidden under the finishing cladding made of sheet coverings, heat rays practically do not penetrate, therefore it makes little sense to install reflective insulation in the walls.

Can be used as protection of mineral wool from a damp wall, additional noise insulation, vibration damping.

Natural cork is used for high-quality internal insulation small thickness on panel walls... This is the most environmentally friendly heat insulator. The performance characteristics include high strength, low thermal conductivity, light weight, durability, elasticity. For more information on which insulation is better, see this video:

Manufacturing is carried out both in rolls and in the form of individual slabs, which look good on the wall without further finishing. The cork is resistant to biological effects.

Foam boards

Glue the joints of the slabs with a sealant.

Wall insulation technology panel house from the inside with even rigid plates of foamed polymer, careful preparation of the plane for installation is included. Not eliminated deflections of the wall will create voids in which condensate will accumulate.

Plates are laid out with an interval on a layer of glue, the use of anchor umbrellas in this case is not recommended (through passages for cold). Each joint is closed with a sealant. Another way of fastening is to lay it between the T-shaped profile fixed to the ceiling and to the floor.

The thickness of the material will depend on climatic zone... In the calculation, you can use the following initial data:

Extruded polystyrene foam has a higher density and a lower degree of flammability.

Liquid formulations

The application of a layer of foamed polyurethane requires special equipment and installation of the frame. The work is carried out by specialists with practical experience. The strength of the solidified foam is low and it is covered with a protective lining (gypsum board, plywood). For more details, see this video:

The achievement of modern science - special paints - belongs to liquid types of insulation. They are expensive and require careful adherence to the application technology (thickness and sequence of layers, direction of movement of the brush). If the instructions are violated, the thermal resistance of such a coating decreases sharply.

A few years after the construction of a panel house, the residents have a question: how to properly insulate it? Over time the ability concrete slabs keep warm air and to prevent the penetration of cold is significantly reduced. Heat loss begins not only through windows, but also through walls. V winter period this situation begins not only to bring some discomfort to the existence of the family, but also to greatly annoy. There is only one way out of this situation - insulation of the walls of a panel house.

Insulate the facade of a panel house

If you insulate the room from the outside, you can avoid heat loss through the wall, which will also serve as an obstacle to the destruction of the structure. In addition, the use of various finishing materials will give the house a new, more modern look... External insulation has other advantages:

residents can continue to live in the house during construction work;
the temperature inside the building rises due to the use of thermal insulation material;
the dimensions of the room remain the same;
the structure of the room becomes stronger, the service life increases;
thermal insulation plays a role soundproof material, reducing the likelihood of noise penetration into the room.

Insulation of a panel house from the outside is very effective, because it allows you to reduce heat loss and save on payment for the heat carrier. In some cases, the savings are as high as half of the usual cost.

Required materials and tools

Keeping warm without the use of additional electrical appliances can be very effective. For a properly organized process, there are different kinds insulating materials. The most popular are:

mineral wool;
drywall;
Styrofoam;
plaster.

The materials used in the work must certainly be of high quality. V otherwise obtaining a positive effect will be a big question. Some of the materials presented on the modern construction market, specially designed for outdoor use.

How to insulate walls

There are two technologies with the help of which the walls are insulated:

Wet facade.
Ventilated facade.

For insulation using the materials described above, the first method is used. To organize a ventilated facade, a system is used to create metal frame, on which the dressing material is subsequently attached.

The way by which the finishing materials are strengthened in case the "wet" method of protecting the facades is chosen is quite simple. The wall being processed is necessarily processed with mastic, and then left to dry.

The surface, dried out after processing the joints, is ready for further work... She will have to be covered with a primer, which can be done using both a roller and a special spray.

Heat-insulating material is to be fixed on a pre-prepared wall. This can be done with glue, fasteners (nails, dowels). A combination of mounting methods is possible.

Floor

High-quality insulation of a panel house begins with protecting the floor. Especially this question relevant for citizens living on the ground floors. In most cases, they have to resort to such events.

To reduce heat loss through the floor, the builders provided for the construction of a log on the floor of the apartment located on the 1st floor. multi-storey building... Into cells that are organized by the intersection of elements wooden structure, lay insulating materials. It can be either foam or mineral wool, as well as more exotic material options: expanded clay or sawdust. (You can read more about the types and grades of expanded clay).

Modern construction and Decoration Materials presented in such a variety that every owner of the premises will find their own version of floor insulation. In addition, new materials are constantly appearing, but they have managed to perfectly recommend themselves. This can be said about such types of insulation as polyurethane foam or penoizol. The use of even a thin 30 mm layer of these materials will significantly reduce heat loss.

You can learn how to insulate the floor in a room with your own hands quickly and efficiently by watching the video.

Seams

A large amount of useful heat energy is lost in a panel house through the joints. This problem can also be easily solved by processing them. Cementing the distance between the plates with mortar allows you to fill the existing voids in the seams and contributes to the insulation of the entire structure as a whole.

The choice of mixtures that can be used to fill the seams in a panel house involves both their own preparation and purchase ready-made. Either way, these formulations can be filled with foam beads to delay the flow of heat and air particles to trap heat trying to penetrate outside.

If the distance between the seams is large, then it can be filled with a soft insulating fiber. The well-known mineral wool acts as it. Its key characteristics are as follows:

high compression ratio;
the possibility of use in work when negative temperatures air;
ease of use, which consists in ease of installation and the absence of a list of tools, without which work would be impossible.

Fiber mineral wool volatile, they can also release formaldehyde components. These facts lead to a decrease in the frequency of use. of this material in insulation panel seams... It turns out to be more practical in such a situation stone wool, which is safe for the health of residents and has fibers that do not break.

Styrofoam

Modern insulation, which is used very often. It is quite economical, easy to use and easy to install. Self-conduct installation works perhaps even for an inexperienced person, and working on high floors requires the involvement of industrial climbers.

After the plates from the outside have been processed, insulation can be attached to them. If foam is used in the role of this material, then remember the recommended material thickness. It should not be less than 50 mm. On the inside of each sheet, glue should be applied, which is specially designed for such work.

The lining of the insulation should not be accompanied by the formation of cracks, because the work will not make sense: precious heat will go through them. This can be avoided only with the proper organization of installation work and use, in addition to glue, and other types of fasteners.

Mineral wool

Many manufacturers work with this type of insulation, such as mineral wool. It is quite effective, but there are certain nuances when working with this material. So, cotton wool should not get wet, otherwise it thermal insulation properties will be lost. To avoid the accumulation of moisture in the insulation layers, before starting the installation, the material is protected with a gasket of vapor barrier materials.

The membrane may not be used if such a method of insulation as a ventilated facade is chosen. In this case, moisture will be removed due to the air gap.

Drywall

The issues of warming the premises must be taken seriously. In certain climatic conditions, wall insulation with mineral wool is considered quite justified. In this case, you cannot do without drywall sheets.

In this way, you can insulate not only facade surfaces, but also living quarters: balconies, loggias, walls inside technical rooms... At the same time, be careful with the amount of mineral wool used. Its excess will not only not make the apartment warmer, but will also contribute to excessive cooling.

Preparatory work

The transformation of an apartment into a room that meets all the requirements of thermal insulation is possible. For this, it is necessary to competently organize insulation measures. An important role is played and preparatory phase... It requires:

process the joints between the plates;
carefully seal the gaps;
clean all cracks from construction debris;
to seal all parts of the building that will come into contact with the insulation;
insulation of large cracks with mineral or stone wool.

If the cracks were additionally insulated, a layer of mastic must be placed on top.

How to insulate a panel house. Step-by-step instruction

Instructions for insulating a panel house contains the following steps:

choice of material and its quantity, depending on climatic conditions and goals;
purchase of materials and construction tools;
drying the walls with a heat gun;
deletion possible finishing from the walls to be insulated;
applying an antiseptic composition to surfaces that will soon be closed;
applying a primer; (how to apply a primer correctly, read the article Priming walls - surface preparation)
sealing of seams, if necessary - additional insulation;
installation of insulation (using glue, drywall sheets and a metal frame);
usage metal mesh for additional reinforcement;
finishing insulation, if necessary.

The start of work should fall on the lower part of the wall, because this is where the starting bar is set. The glue is best applied with a spatula..

Experts with extensive experience in installation work advise:

to insulate the mill of a panel house in summer time of the year;
with external insulation, it will be useful to insulate in the inner parts of the wall;
the best option would be to use seamless technologies, as this will save additional heat;
some modern technologies very convenient, for example, the use of foamed polyurethane for insulation, which can even be applied by spraying;
do not forget about using a vapor barrier;
the selected material should not be afraid of moisture.

Compliance with the rules for installing heat-insulating materials will not only make the room warmer and more comfortable, but also significantly extend the life of the walls, because an additional layer of coating protects them from destruction.

Living in a panel house is not always comfortable, since in winter the facade can freeze through, moisture can accumulate on it, and mold can form. This leads to peeling of the wallpaper and an uncomfortable microclimate in the room - the temperature in the room is below a comfortable level. This is due to the properties of the walls of the panel structure, which are not characterized by resistance to change temperature regime and high humidity... To solve this problem, you will have to insulate the walls, and this must be done outside.

Photo of the insulated facade of a panel house

Warming options

Insulation of a panel house from the outside allows you to stop the outflow of heat through the concrete. An additional layer of thermal insulation will protect against the destructive effects of external factors. On the market today you can find many that can be used for insulation inside or outside.

Insulation inside

For a panel house, insulation from the inside will only make the situation worse. This is due to the movement of the dew point, which will move closer to the inner side of the wall. In practice, this means that moisture will accumulate in the walls with even greater force - both the wall and the insulation will get wet, therefore, the life of the facade will be significantly reduced. To avoid such a situation, and at the same time to reduce the useful area of the apartment and destroy the design, it is worth giving preference to the insulation of a panel house.

Insulation outside

The difficulty lies in the fact that the insulation of a panel house with big amount floors is only possible with climbing equipment. It is clear that it is almost impossible to get money to pay specialists and buy building materials from public utilities. Moreover, an attempt to insulate a house at the expense of residents also does not always meet with understanding among all project participants. Therefore, you can follow the path of least resistance and insulate a separate apartment.

The main advantages of outdoor insulation:

There is no need to break interior decoration premises;
The internal usable area of the apartment is preserved;
The supporting structure of the "panel" is being strengthened, that is, the building is being strengthened, which has a positive effect on the service life;
Insulation is an additional sound insulator;
The indoor temperature rises at the same heating costs, since the walls are protected from freezing - heat loss through the panel box is reduced.

How to choose insulation

When choosing insulation for outdoor use, the following factors should be considered:

The climate of the region in which the panel house is located
Wind rose and rainfall
Available budget
Local features such as the design of the building's façade.

To calculate the estimate and create a project, you must contact the management company or the HOA, while a team of industrial climbers will be directly involved in the insulation.

Thermal conductivity diagram for building insulation

Types of insulation for panel houses

The following materials can be used for thermal insulation of a panel house:

· mineral wool

Is one of the most popular heaters for outdoor work. This is due to the good performance characteristics, in particular, low thermal conductivity. At the same time, mineral wool is hygroscopic, so it is important to isolate it from moisture. Otherwise, the thermal insulation properties are leveled. For this purpose, it is necessary to lay a vapor-permeable membrane under the layer of insulation - it will protect the mineral wool from moisture. It is also possible to arrange an air gap in a ventilated facade - in this case, a membrane is not needed.

Extruded polystyrene foam and foam

And extruded polystyrene foam or, as it is also called, penoplex also have low thermal conductivity, so they can well be used as insulation for a panel house. Moreover, if you choose from these materials, then foam is most often used as a heat insulator.

This material attracts with its lightness, moreover, such plates are easily attached to the wall. In addition to thermal insulation, they provide additional insulation from sounds from the street. At the same time, when choosing a material, it is important to note the marking - the foam must be G1, which means “does not support self-combustion. If the foam is flammable, it cannot be used. It is worth considering that the marking does not always correspond to the real state of affairs. Therefore, when purchasing heat-insulating material, it is necessary to request a certificate for the product - it must comply with GOST 30244-94.

External insulation

Carrying out works on insulation of the facade of a multi-storey building

Insulation of the facade of a panel house is carried out in the following stages:

Preparatory stage

Preparation of the facade surface is necessary - the end walls of the panel house are leveled, the plates are cleaned of plaque. It is also important to close up voids, cracks, and the joints of the panels are sealed. If necessary, it is worth laying a seal between the joints, while a special mastic is used to seal the cracks. The unevenness of the surface of the walls is allowed within two centimeters - such a deviation can not be repaired. When all materials are dry, the wall is impregnated with a multipurpose primer applied with a spray gun or roller.

Insulation installation

Since in the overwhelming majority of cases for thermal insulation panel houses it is foam that is used, it is worth considering the installation technology of this insulation. You can fix the foam using the following methods: put the plates on glue, fix or connect these two options, this is the most reliable choice. The direction of pasting is from bottom to top. In this case, pasting begins with the installation of the starting strip.

After that, we begin to apply glue to the surface of the panel house - the technologies used directly depend on the quality of the walls. If they are even, you can apply the glue with a comb. If, as is often the case, the walls are uneven, then the glue is simply poured onto the surface. It is important to carefully fill the seams with glue. All this allows you to get rid of voids under the heat insulator. There is no need to apply glue to the foam.

Installation of foam on the wall

The option when the glue is applied to the foam, and not to the house, is not suitable in this case, since the voids under the insulation will become natural cold bridges, which will reduce the effectiveness of the entire event as a whole.

Apply the foam to the glue layer and press it well. After gluing all the plates, you must leave them alone for a few days. During this period, the glue solution will dry out and shrink, after which it will be possible to perform the next stage of work. As for fixing the plates with dowels, you can choose plastic mushrooms. This is due to the lightness and low strength of the foam - such fasteners will save the facade from unnecessary heat loss.

It is worth paying attention to the gaps - they need to be filled polyurethane foam by cutting off the excess after the material has solidified.

As for the dowel caps, they must be covered with an adhesive mixture. All irregularities left after the glue dries can be removed with ordinary sandpaper.

Preparation for reinforcement

The fragility of the foam is a serious drawback, therefore, the insulation needs reinforcement - it is enough to glue a thin mesh. Such protection should prevent the destruction of the foam due to atmospheric phenomena and other adverse factors.

Preparation for reinforcement is as follows: first, the corners are pasted over, after which you can proceed to pasting the walls themselves. To simplify the process, meshes with ready-made corners are used, which minimizes the time required. If there are no such nets, then you will have to make corners from a regular mesh. It is enough to cut off a long strip 30 centimeters wide and bend it at an angle - such a structure is pressed against the corner of the house greased with glue. In general, cutting the mesh into fragments greatly simplifies the installation itself, which allows you to consistently close the sections smeared with glue with fragments. In this case, the mesh should be overlapped at the junction.

After gluing the mesh, it is necessary to wait for the glue to dry, after which it will remain to clean the excess solution with a plastic trowel and remove the irregularities.

Insulation scheme for the facade of a panel house

Finishing

Front finishing an equalizing layer is applied to the entire treated facade. After that, you need to apply a primer and a layer of plaster. The final stage is, preferably in a color that will not stand out strongly against the background of the main color of a multi-storey panel house.

Quite a lot of apartment owners who are located in a panel house have to deal with the fact that living in such real estate is simply impossible and very difficult, due to the fact that there is always a strong cold in the premises. winter time... This is due to the fact that the walls of a panel house are usually very poorly insulated, as a result of which a draft and cold penetrates through them, as well as through windows and other surfaces in the apartment, and it is impossible to cope with them even with the help of high-quality and reliable heating included at full capacity. As a result, living in such an apartment will not be very comfortable and pleasant, as well as safe, since you can easily get a cold. That is why, in order to increase the comfort of living, each owner of an apartment in a panel house should take care of a full and effective insulation your apartment, which should be not only internal, but also external. Only in this case it is possible to achieve the best and optimal result of all the planned work. Also, if there is no opportunity or money to insulate both outside and inside, then in this case the most optimal solution will carry out work related to external insulation as it is considered to be the most effective. Features of warming a panel house Initially, you should determine what material will be used for these purposes. It must meet certain requirements, which include safety for people, as well as high thermal insulation parameters, since in this case, the insulation will act as a really correct solution for full and comprehensive insulation. Most often, popular and affordable mineral wool is used for this purpose, and it is also allowed to use foam for this, which meets all the requirements, and is also a material with which it is very simple and easy to work. It is best to choose external insulation, because in this case, not only the premises themselves will be reliably protected from the penetration of cold, but the walls themselves will also be well protected from the cold, which is considered the most effective and correct solution. Internal insulation will create an insulating layer that will protect the premises from the cold that already penetrates the walls of the house.

How to insulate the walls of a panel house from the outside?

These works can be done completely different methods with specific differences. To do this, you can make a curtain facade, which is considered the most optimal solution. In this case, a special frame of slats or profiles is formed around the entire perimeter of the wall, and slabs are laid in its cavity thermal insulation materials that must be mounted with a small joint. Further, the resulting structure is sheathed with any suitable decorative materials that will not stand out too much against the background of the overall decoration of the house. With this construction, you can really get perfect result work, but it will require an investment of quite a large number money, as well as the work itself has certain difficulties. Therefore, it is often simply impossible to cope with all the work with your own hands, especially if the apartment is at a rather high altitude, as a result of which you will have to constantly use special equipment for work. Another method of external insulation is the creation of a heat-insulating layer on the walls of the house, which is then covered with a layer of plaster. This method is considered quite effective and efficient, as well as simpler and faster, and at the same time, you can handle all the work quite easily with your own hands. However, you should first evaluate the wall for any defects or all kinds of obstacles to applying a plaster layer to the walls. The fact is that often it is simply impossible to carry out the intended work due to the presence of significant obstacles to this. In this case, you will have to deal with the creation curtain facade... However, if there are no barriers to applying plaster, then you can proceed with insulation using this method. To do this, initially waterproofing materials begin to be fixed on the outer walls of the building, and it is advisable to choose special unique membranes for this, which will not only protect the walls from moisture penetration from the outside, but will additionally allow steam and moisture to pass from the walls. After that, you can proceed to fixing the layer of foam or mineral wool, however, in the latter case, it is advisable to additionally wrap each plate waterproofing materials... The fact is that this insulation does not at all have any resistance to moisture, which can even cause damage to the material or the fact that it will no longer cope with its main tasks. Fastening can be carried out using special and reliable polyurethane glue or using dowels, and experts say that better result work can only be achieved by a combination of these fastening methods. However, it is allowed to do this only for foam, which has a fairly high density. Once thermal insulation layer will be fully formed on the walls of the house, you can start creating a decorative layer, for which it is used decorative plaster designed for outdoor use. It is also possible to carry out siding installation using suitable fasteners. The specific choice depends entirely on what goals are supposed to be achieved with the help of insulation, since it is often important not only to insulate the walls of the house, but even to decorate them, as well as to give them an updated and interesting appearance.

Features of internal insulation

The walls of a panel house can be insulated not only from the outside, but also from the inside, and at the same time it is desirable to carry out these works only in conjunction with external insulation. Also internal work are the only solution if it is simply impossible to implement them from the outside. Insulation inside the house is a fairly simple work, since for this, a frame of profiles is created around the entire perimeter of the walls, into which insulation is placed, and after that it is sheathed with sheets of drywall, on which the last stage work, any suitable finishing materials are applied. Such work is considered quick and simple, but as a result, it will be necessary to reduce the area of \ u200b \ u200bthe premises, and insulation will not be the most effective.Thus, the insulation of the walls of a panel house is considered quite simple and quick work, which you can easily handle with your own hands, but at the same time you can do it yourself choose which insulation method will be used.

Is the material useful? Yes0 / No0

People living in panel houses are often faced with the accumulation of moisture in the walls and freezing of the facade in winter, the formation of mold, peeling wallpaper and other unpleasant phenomena, not to mention a decrease in the level of heat in living quarters.

And this is not surprising, because, unlike brick buildings, panel houses are less resistant to high humidity and temperature extremes.

To cope with this problem, the insulation of the walls of the panel house, made from the outside, helps. Why should it be done outside? Let's try to figure it out.

Insulation is designed to prevent heat leakage through the walls, and at the same time to protect the facade from premature destruction.

The modern market offers many various materials designed for external and internal insulation. Since only professionals can insulate the facade of a panel house from the outside, residents may have a desire to decorate the room with insulation from the inside. However, it is best not to do this.

In this case, the dew point will move inward, which will lead to an even greater accumulation of moisture in the walls.

As a result, not only they will get wet, but also the insulation, which will significantly reduce the life of the facade. Therefore, it is more advisable to insulate the walls from the outside. It won't cut useful area apartments and will not disturb the interior decoration.

At the same time, it is not so easy to insulate multi-storey building outside. Only industrial climbers can do this.

And it is very difficult to make public utilities pay for their labor and purchase of building materials. And not all tenants of the house agree to chip in and hire a construction team. Fortunately, today it is quite possible to carry out external insulation of a separate apartment.

If you do not have building and climbing skills, in no case try to insulate the house outside on your own! However, if you live on the first floor of a panel house, then it is quite possible to do this with your own hands, using the stairs.

Types of heaters

To insulate the walls of the house from the outside, the most different materials, however, the following can be distinguished as the most popular over the years:

stone or glass wool; foam; extruded polystyrene foam.

The main property that these heaters have in common is their low thermal conductivity. Most often, foam is used as a heat-insulating material.

Insulation installation technology

Preparing the walls

Preparation is carried out immediately before the walls are insulated work surface... All irregularities are smoothed out and sealed with a primer. Special attention require seams and facade finishing.

All peeling paint should be cleaned as well as peeling finishes.

To check its quality, it is enough to move your hand along the wall. If the palm is clean, no primer is needed. If there are any problems, it is better to play it safe.

Insulation installation

For the insulation of a panel house, foam is more often used, therefore, we will consider the technology of its fastening.

If you live on the ground floor and decide to carry out the insulation yourself, then for work you will need a large and small spatula to apply glue to the wall.

It should be noted that there are three methods of fixing it: on glue, on dowels, or on both together. It is most effective to use glue and dowels together.

The walls are pasted from bottom to top. A starter bar is nailed into the lower part of the facade. If the walls are uneven, then the glue can be “thrown” on, on flat surfaces it can be applied with a comb.

Fill the seams meticulously.

It makes no sense to apply glue to the insulation sheet. So that no depressions remain under the foam, fill all the depressions and irregularities of the walls with an adhesive solution. Otherwise, the voids will create additional "cold bridges" through which heat will leave the apartment.

When the surface has been glue-coated, you can attach a sheet of styrofoam and press it well against the wall. Before the next stage of work, it is better to wait a few days so that the glue solution is completely dry and the insulation shrinks, and then continue working.

To fasten the insulation, dowels are used - fasteners consisting of a circle, a plastic sleeve and a galvanized nail, which is hammered into the sleeve. Since styrofoam is lightweight, plastic nails can also be used. They will save the facade from unnecessary heat loss.

To reliably insulate the building, holes are drilled around the perimeter and in the center of the foam glued to the wall. The depth of the hole must be two centimeters greater than the length of the dowel, otherwise the fastener will stick out from the outside. To ensure reliable insulation, the Styrofoam sheets should fit snugly against the wall and against each other.

Watch out for clearances.

In some cases, it is useful to fill them with polyurethane foam, the excess of which is cut off after drying, and the seams are rubbed and corrected. At the final stage, the dowel caps and seams are puttyed with an adhesive mixture. Small defects that have arisen after the mixture has dried are removed with emery and a plastic float.

Pasting walls with mesh

Since foam is a brittle material, its reinforcement is required, which is done by gluing a thin mesh. For installation outside the building, a special mesh is used that can withstand all atmospheric phenomena and retain its properties under the influence of adverse external factors.

At the first stage, the corners are pasted over with a mesh, and only then - the main surface of the walls finished with insulation.

Special nets with corners will help to facilitate the task - they will help you insulate the house without additional hassle. Otherwise, long strips of thirty centimeters wide are cut from the mesh and bent at an angle. Then, using a spatula, the corner of the house is covered with glue on all sides, on top of which a mesh is placed and smoothed away from the corner.

To make the work easier, the mesh can be cut into meter by meter pieces and then attached in small sections.

The mesh is glued with an overlap. After the glue is completely dry, the walls are treated with plastic floats, excess dried mortar and irregularities are cleaned up. After making sure that the mixture is completely dry, an equalizing layer is applied to the walls of the panel house and proceeds to the final finishing.

This is all you need to know about finishing a panel house.

Installation of insulation from the outside allows you to reliably protect apartments from the cold. Today many construction firms offer insulation services multi-storey buildings... But if you live on the ground floor and have the necessary skills and tools, then you can try to make the insulation yourself.

The walls of a panel house eventually need additional insulation.

Unlike brick buildings, with a temperature difference, they can freeze through, accumulate moisture, which leads to the destruction of the external facade of the house, the occurrence of cracks, mold and other unpleasant changes. Residents may notice that the apartments are cold despite the presence of heating. To eliminate the consequences of such changes, and to keep the level of heat inside the premises as much as possible, it is recommended to insulate the panel house from the outside.

The advantages of outdoor insulation

External insulation of the house will not only avoid heat leaks through the walls, but also protect the facade from further destruction. Using different options decorative design in exterior decoration the house will look new. In addition, wall insulation from the outside has the following advantages:

renovation works

indoor spaces

External wall insulation is most effective for panel houses - it is possible to save up to 50% of heat.

Insulation types

The choice of which material is better to insulate the walls from the outside is influenced by:

the location of the panel house in a certain climatic region, the amount of precipitation, the strength and speed of the wind, the allocated budget for the insulation of the panel house, and other individual factors.

The estimate and project for the work is usually Management Company or HOA. A team of industrial climbers directly carries out the process of insulation outside.

For panel houses, two types of insulation are mainly used:

Mineral wool

For outdoor work, it is convenient to work with mineral wool slabs, which are produced by various manufacturers.

She has good indicators in terms of basic characteristics, including thermal conductivity. However, care must be taken to ensure that the mineral wool does not get wet, otherwise it will lose its thermal insulation properties. To do this, a vapor-permeable membrane is laid under the layer of insulation, which will protect it from vapors.

When finishing with a ventilated facade, condensation from the walls of the house will be removed due to the air gap and the membrane can be omitted.

Styrofoam

Differs in lightness, simplicity when laying slabs on the wall. Also has good parameters for heat and sound insulation.

For outdoor work, it is important to use a material that does not support spontaneous combustion. Manufacturers mark it with the G1 marking, however, the results of many tests confirm that the foam is flammable, and such a name does not meet the requirements of GOST 30244-94. When buying insulation, be sure to ask the seller for product certificates.

Insulation of a panel house from the outside is limited by the thickness of the insulating material. The maximum value of the thickness of the foam plastic for the walls is calculated according to special formulas, taking into account the average temperatures in a certain climatic region and the purpose of the building (residential, public, industrial).

Stages of the facade insulation process

Depending on the chosen method of insulation, installation will vary. There are two main technologies:

Wet FacadeVentilated Facade

The process of “wet” insulation is described below.

Wall surface preparation

It is necessary to carefully prepare the surface of the facade of the house in order to insulate it efficiently.

Each wall is leveled, cleaned of various plaque, voids and cracks are sealed, especially paying attention to the joints of the panels. If necessary, they put a sealant in them, coat the cracks with special mastics. Wall surface irregularities are allowed within 1 - 2 cm, but no more. After cleaning and processing the joints, the walls are left to dry. Then they are coated with a universal primer using a roller or spray.

Insulation installation

Fastening of heat-insulating material to walls is possible in three ways:

for glue, for fasteners (dowels, plastic nails), combining glue with fasteners.

The video shows in detail the method of fixing the foam with a dowel for thermal insulation. For example, the foam is fixed in a combined way from the first floor to the top. At the bottom, a starting bar is installed, from which insulation is glued. In this case, the glue is applied to the walls carefully with a spatula, filling the existing irregularities.

Then the foam sheets are pressed tightly to the treated surface. The evenness of the rows of insulation is checked by the level. Before setting adhesive base it is possible to correct minor errors.

Now you need to wait 2 - 3 days so that the glue is completely dry, and the insulation is well fixed on the walls. Further, the foam is additionally fixed with dowels - 4 - 5 pieces per sheet. Holes for fasteners are made with a puncher.

The second and subsequent rows of foam sheets are stacked in a checkerboard pattern so that the joints of adjacent layers do not coincide.

All seams between the insulation and the cracks from the fasteners are filled with special foam designed specifically for the installation of foam, in order to minimize the likelihood of heat leaks. Such foam is produced in cylinders and it is better to apply it with a special gun. Cut off the excess, the remains of the foam after drying.

Anchoring the mesh

Polyfoam is a rather fragile material, therefore, to give strength and rigidity to the insulation elements, it is reinforced. For this, a special stable mesh is installed on the outside of the foam sheets. It is convenient to cut it into separate pieces of the same size and overlap in small pieces.

A layer of special is applied evenly on the insulated surfaces. adhesive solution for facade works and the mesh is pressed into it. Then another adhesive layer is applied for leveling. After installing the mesh on the whole house, wait for the glue to dry to process the surfaces sandpaper from mortar smudges and unevenness in the process of fastening. The execution of the reinforcement provides mechanical stability for the final decorative coating panel house.

Finishing

After insulation, external facades are usually decorated with decorative plaster. For the best adhesion of materials, the general layer of thermal insulation is primed again. apartment buildings often use the technology of hinged ventilated facades. The thermal insulation layer has already been completed - it remains to mount the outer cladding with a ventilation gap.

Today it is proposed wide choose materials for exterior decoration in the curtain wall system:

metal products (corrugated board, siding, facade cassettes), aluminum composite panels, slabs made of porcelain stoneware, natural or artificial stone.

Each of them can be selected according to the external structure, colors and other characteristics. design ideas and solutions.To fix the ventilated facade, you will need an additional frame device.

The process of insulating panel houses can be carried out during their reconstruction or overhaul... If your choice fell on the "wet" facade technology, it is advisable to plan work in the summer or at temperatures above 5 ° C. When using ventilated facades, installation can be done all year round.

Quite a lot of apartment owners who are located in a panel house have to deal with the fact that it is simply impossible and very difficult to live in such real estate, due to the fact that there is always a strong cold in the premises in winter. This is due to the fact that the walls of a panel house are usually very poorly insulated, as a result of which a draft and cold penetrates through them, as well as through windows and other surfaces in the apartment, and it is impossible to cope with them even with the help of high-quality and reliable heating included at full capacity. As a result, living in such an apartment will not be very comfortable and pleasant, as well as safe, since you can easily get a cold. That is why, in order to increase the comfort of living, each apartment owner in a panel house must take care of the full and effective insulation of his apartment, which should be not only internal, but also external. Only in this case it is possible to achieve the best and optimal result of all the planned work. Also, if there is no opportunity or money to insulate both outside and inside, then in this case the most optimal solution would be to carry out work related to external insulation, since it is considered the most effective.

Features of warming a panel house

Initially, you should determine what material will be used for these purposes. It must meet certain requirements, which include safety for people, as well as high thermal insulation parameters, since in this case, the insulation will act as a really correct solution for full and comprehensive insulation. Most often, popular and affordable mineral wool is used for this purpose, and it is also allowed to use foam for this, which meets all the requirements, and is also a material with which it is very simple and easy to work.

It is best to choose external insulation, because in this case, not only the premises themselves will be reliably protected from the penetration of cold, but the walls themselves will be well protected from the cold, which is considered the most effective and correct solution.

Internal insulation will ensure the creation of an insulating layer that will protect the premises from the cold that already penetrates the walls of the house.

How to insulate the walls of a panel house from the outside?

These works can be performed by completely different methods with specific differences. To do this, you can make a curtain facade, which is considered the most optimal solution. In this case, a special frame is formed along the entire perimeter of the wall from slats or profiles, and plate heat-insulating materials are laid in its cavity, which must be mounted with a small joint. Further, the resulting structure is sheathed with any suitable decorative materials that will not stand out too much against the background of the general decoration of the house. With the help of such a design, you can get a really ideal work result, however, it will require an investment of a fairly large amount of money, and the work itself has certain difficulties. Therefore, it is often simply impossible to cope with all the work with your own hands, especially if the apartment is at a rather high altitude, as a result of which you will have to constantly use special equipment for work.

Another method of external insulation is to create an insulating layer on the walls of the house, which is then covered with a layer of plaster. This method is considered quite effective and efficient, as well as simpler and faster, and at the same time, you can handle all the work quite easily with your own hands. However, you should first evaluate the wall for any defects or all kinds of obstacles to applying a plaster layer to the walls. The fact is that often it is simply impossible to carry out the intended work due to the presence of significant obstacles to this. In this case, you will have to deal with the creation of a curtain facade. However, if there are no barriers to applying plaster, then you can proceed with insulation using this method. To do this, initially waterproofing materials begin to be fixed on the outer walls of the building, and it is advisable to choose special unique membranes for this, which will not only protect the walls from moisture penetration from the outside, but will additionally allow steam and moisture to pass from the walls. After that, you can start fixing the layer of foam or mineral wool, but in the latter case, it is advisable to additionally wrap each plate with waterproofing materials. The fact is that this insulation does not at all have any resistance to moisture, which can even cause damage to the material or the fact that it will no longer cope with its main tasks. Fastening can be carried out using special and reliable polyurethane glue or using dowels, and experts say that the best work result can be achieved only with a combination of these fastening methods. However, it is allowed to do this only for foam, which has a fairly high density. As soon as the thermal insulation layer is fully formed on the walls of the house, you can start creating a decorative layer, for which decorative plaster is used for outdoor use. It is also possible to carry out siding installation using suitable fasteners. The specific choice depends entirely on what goals are supposed to be achieved with the help of insulation, since it is often important not only to insulate the walls of the house, but even to decorate them, as well as to give them an updated and interesting appearance.

Features of internal insulation

The walls of a panel house can be insulated not only from the outside, but also from the inside, and at the same time it is desirable to carry out these works only in conjunction with external insulation. Also, internal work is the only solution if it is simply impossible to carry out them outside. Warming inside the house is a fairly simple job, since for this, a frame of profiles is created around the entire perimeter of the walls, into which insulation is laid, and after that it is sheathed with sheets of drywall, on which any suitable finishing materials are applied at the last stage of work. Such work is considered quick and simple, but as a result, it will be necessary to reduce the area of \ u200b \ u200bthe premises, and also insulation will not be the most effective.

Thus, the insulation of the walls of a panel house is considered quite simple and quick work, which you can easily handle with your own hands, and at the same time you can independently choose which method of insulation will be used.