Homemade hydraulic press for making hay bales. Homemade hay presses

The baler is widely used in all soil and climatic zones... The demanded tillage equipment today is the baler.

On small farms, this essential assistant is in demand when preparing bedding material and roughage. Baled hay stores better and takes up less volume.

How the baler works

Such trailed equipment for a walk-behind tractor is used on small farm fields, in large agricultural enterprises. The technical processing of the crop cut by the mower is performed by the baler. It collects freshly cut green grass, forms swaths with cut dry stalks of cereals with a residual moisture content of up to 26%. The hay baler then sends the mass to the packer's receiving device. The unit neatly places dry plants in a compact briquette and unloads the compressed bales.

Advantages of using hay machines:

the use of a baler significantly reduces the drying time, loss of hay;
labor costs are reduced by 3-4 times;
in the future, the quality of hay during storage and transportation is significantly increased;
you can independently adjust the attachment.

Pick-up varieties

There are 2 main types of agricultural implements for harvesting high quality hay. How to choose the right model for the farm?

Round baler

Today, this type of machinery for harvesting dried plant stems is most common. The spring tines of the machine pick up the grass mass laid in the windrows. The baler then tightly rolls each portion of hay into cylinder-shaped bales. The spring fingers of the baler feed the swath into the pressing mechanism. New portions of dry herb are continuously loaded. The density of the bale increases as the weight of the hay increases. The efficiency of the mini tractor baler has been proven in practice.

In the hay binder, the dry grass mass rotates in the bale chamber. The baler beeps when a perfectly flat bale of the required density is formed.

The tensioner turns on when the required bale size is reached, followed by twine wrapping. The packed hay is pushed out by a special mechanism.

Using a baler for a mini tractor, you can harvest up to 20 tons of straw in 20 summer days... There is no need to monitor the operation of the equipment continuously. The mini-tractor continues to move, and a tightly tied, tightly formed bale remains on the field. The hay pick-up for the walk-behind tractor must have a roll-type design.

In all areas of flat land use, the Russian model PPR-120 Pelikan is widely used. The semitrailer machine is operated and serviced by a mechanic. The hay baler forms a straw bale weighing up to 270 kg, 1.2 m long. The bale chamber is protected from damage and foreign objects.

The fast double wrapping mechanism works smoothly. The unit has a working speed of 9 km / h. Efficiency of unloading the bale is ensured by a special slide with powerful springs. Domestic model PPR-50 weighs 350 kg and forms rolls weighing up to 20 kg. The unit successfully works with equipment with a capacity of 10-80 liters. with. and has a low cost.

For a small farm, you can purchase a baler for walk-behind tractors. The equipment forms bales of cut grass with high quality. The package, the size of which exceeds the norm, is thrown out onto the field using a special device. How can you make a hay press with your own hands? For farmers, this can be a profitable solution.

Farm owners are always happy to purchase a manoeuvrable mini round baler. Such a unit works great on large areas. Transporting a bale of hay is not large sizes quite within the power of one person.

The mini round baler is small in size and at an affordable price. Modern farming cannot function without the use of a mini-tractor. About 50 varieties of pick-ups can be used by the owner of agricultural machinery not big size... On small lands and areas, farmers prefer to use a baler for a mini tractor.

The RXYK 0870 hay baler is compatible with a mini-tractor with a power of 30 HP or more. with. This unit forms up to 100 bales of hay within an hour. For mini-tractor with power from 20 HP The RXYK 0850 pick-up is perfect, which creates up to 120 grass cylinders within an hour. The rolls are 50 × 70 cm in size.

The device is easy to maintain, repair and use. Large cylindrical herbal bags take up a lot of space, since they have a large volume. When transporting rolled hay, special equipment is needed, since significant problems arise.

Bale pick-ups

Such units produce rectangular hay briquettes that have different sizes... The grassed grass in the rolls is captured by the unit's spring tines and fed into a special baling compartment. The dimensions of the briquette are regulated by technology. The knitting machine operates at the preset grass pressure parameters. Quality bales are tightly packed and tied with twine. Then the block is thrown onto the field.

The PPL-F-1.6 "Kyrgyzstan" pick-up is still in demand, since it has a low cost. Its payback does not exceed 2-3 months. However, its performance is not high enough. In 7 working hours, it forms 875 bales. There is an acute problem with the availability of parts and repairs. The Tukan 1600 semi-trailed bale unit is distinguished by the durability of the drive mechanism, long work Without stops. Bales weighing 10 -50 kg are formed. The Belarusian baler PT-165 has gained popularity. The machine forms bales with an adjustable density. The length of the briquette tied with synthetic twine is 1.2 m. In Russia, it is unprofitable to use imported large-pack balers.

This type of mechanism has many advantages. The popularity of this equipment among agricultural producers is growing noticeably. Small-sized bales weighing up to 20 kg are formed. It is not difficult to transport hay in small briquettes. A manual or mechanized method of unloading bales is used.

Cons and pros should be mentioned of this type... Labor productivity increases significantly. The density of the bale is regulated. The drive is reliably protected from damage, since solid foreign objects, accidentally caught inside the mechanism, are removed through the pulley. The square baler pays for its high cost only on large areas, provided there is enough high harvest... Such units require constant careful maintenance.

Homemade hay making machines

To save money, many people try to build a baler with their own hands. A homemade hay baler will be cheaper, but not every farmer will be able to get a good result, since it is technically difficult to do this.

Some home craftsmen create a simple baler with their own hands, using lumber, a running beam. A large box of boards is created independently. A horizontal method of loading hay is used. A screw or rack jack is used as a press. On door hinges the locking mechanism is held.

Straw bales can be pressed and knitted with this device. A homemade hay baler in the form of a large box, a hydraulic press, and a baling chamber can often be seen on the farm. Standard polypropylene twine ties the block. It is important to make a high-quality bale of hay so that the blocks do not fall apart during transportation.

Criterias of choice

How to choose a baler? The performance of such equipment during operation is assessed according to the following criteria:

Profitability. Reasonable savings resources. Power consumption.
Unit performance, dynamism. The device should work without interruption. Ease of use.
Active energetic functionality. Compaction density, capture width, bale weight parameters, throughput.
Durability, reliability of the model. Long-term performance.
The size of the cultivated area is an important indicator of the choice of equipment.
The cost of the car matters, but it is not the most important criterion.

Conclusion

To mechanize haymaking, you can use a homemade hay press or purchase the necessary equipment with a margin of safety and durability.

It is necessary to take with full responsibility the choice of the required model of a baler for a walk-behind tractor for your farm. When choosing a unit, you should carefully study the manufacturer's recommendations. Balers of square and round types are most often used in the domestic agriculture... Their use allows you to get more profit by reducing waste when performing field work.

Choose for yourself the model that is needed on the farm. Your business can be profitable.

A baler is a type of agricultural machinery that is used to pick up and compress hay that remains on the field after harvest. Subsequently, it is used as animal feed. For this purpose, they buy ready-made factory products or make a hay press on their own.

The main separation of such devices lies in the principle of their operation. According to this parameter, they are divided into roll, as well as bale. In turn, the latter is also divided into automatic and semi-automatic. Farmers often create homemade hay presses on their own. The principle of operation of such devices is as follows:

first, the pick-up collects dry raw materials from the ground;
then it goes to the press, where they are compressed and densely filled in the baler;
at the end, the raw material goes to the packer.

Such bales or briquettes, based on the methods used, are tied and then unloaded.

Hay presses are indispensable in agriculture

Round baler

It is this type of unit that is considered the most popular today. The principle of their operation is that the spring rods of the device capture hay or straw from the ground, which is then fed into the unit. Further, the raw material is twisted, as well as pressed. The result is a mass that resembles a cylinder, which is why the units got their name. The automatic operation starts after reaching the required size of the roll. To begin with, it is packed with a net, and then it is unloaded by pushing it out of the press chamber.

By performing all these steps in automatic mode, this baling method shows high rates efficiency. When this unit is connected to a walk-behind tractor, it is possible to prepare about 20 tons of hay within 20 days.

The main advantage of this technique over large, full-sized products is considered to be the creation of rolls that are small in weight and in size, which makes it possible to optimize the loading and subsequent transportation of raw materials to places of storage and use. In addition, the cost of this process is significantly less.

Bale aggregates

Through the use of this technique, hay briquettes are created that have a rectangular shape. Their principle of operation is as follows: first, the raw material enters the pressing section. How it gets there is determined by the type of device. So, there is a manual press, as well as an automatic one.

Manual

In this case, the materials enter the baling chamber by manual feeding. Therefore, there is no need to connect to a walk-behind tractor or mini-transport. All stages of the formation of briquettes are carried out manually.

Auto

Such units are equipped with a built-in motor. Due to this, bales are relatively small in size, and the shape they have makes it easier to transport them, as well as to make optimal use of the storage space.

In both cases, pressing is carried out by the translational movements of the press, compressing the hay in the chamber up to required density... Upon reaching it, a bundle of the finished bale takes place with a twine and its subsequent unloading onto the field. These types of equipment are often used, but in order to achieve profitability, they must be used for processing medium or large areas.

Bale press

In order to make a do-it-yourself hay baler, it is important to pre-prepare everything necessary materials as well as tools and study drawings. Such units consist of a drum, a pressing belt, special movable rollers, and knitting devices.

Usage homemade models allows you to collect small rolls, convenient for loading and transportation.

Materials (edit)

To independently assemble a hay press, you will need to prepare:

A running element equipped with a rigid base where the press box will be installed.
The skeleton required for mounting all nodes on it.
Pick-up equipped with a special conveyor belt.
Camera-casing, having a cylindrical shape, press, as well as a gearbox.

The more power the used walk-behind tractor has, the higher the chance of achieving the desired speed with which the drums will rotate. The performance level of the homemade device depends on this.

Design features

By its design, such a mechanism is a large box made of wood or steel. It must be rigidly attached to a frame made of metal profiles... When the box does not have a lid, a folding door is made, resembling a wicket in its appearance.

Wicket device

In the process of processing the box with slats, it is important not to forget about creating a door. To make it the most simple method the fastening of a classic swing gate is considered. For its installation, fastening door hinges. In order for it to be tightly held during the pressing process, it is important to additionally strengthen it by installing metal rails. In this case, they are fixed in such a way that it is possible to install a latch between them, which extends for a certain distance beyond the side edges of the door. Outside, a lever is made that allows you to change its position, thereby fixing or opening the gate.

Homemade hand press

Main part

The body of the device itself is made of wood or metal. So, to the back of the box, you need to attach a beam that is about 2 times the height of the box. After that, two more beams are mounted parallel to it at a distance that allows a beam to be installed between them. It must be able to rotate 180 degrees around the axis. Further, at the other end of this beam, the sole of the future press itself is installed, which should be able to perform similar half-turns.

The shape, as well as the area of the future sole, is determined by the dimensions of the structure itself. In order for the piston to be able to move freely inside the box, a clearance of about 0.7 cm is left on the sides. After that, a special reel is installed on the back of the box, on which a thick fishing line or twine is wound. On the opposite side, where the door is located, several narrow holes are made, which are required to tie the finished briquettes.

Assembly

The process of installing all the elements of a homemade press among themselves is as follows:

First, the undercarriage is assembled, which is a base consisting of several pneumatic wheels.
Next, the front head is installed, and after the pick-up together with the transport belt.
Now the press is mounted, as well as the box in the form of a solid and independent tool... In addition, rollers are installed at the bottom of the box. After that, the plate is fixed on the spring, which is located on top of the box. It is used to press down on the hay before it rolls into a roll.
Further, the drive is mounted, for which the propeller shaft is connected to the gearbox.
Finally, the large gears are mounted on the pick-up. And here it is important to understand that the larger their diameter, the greater the picking speed will be.

Mowers, rakes, baler for a walk-behind tractor - these are devices that greatly increase the functionality of the unit, allowing it to perform a wide range of agricultural work. Harvesting hay and cleaning lawns are the main areas of work where you cannot do without a mower and other equipment on the site.

We list all the attachments for the walk-behind tractor, which are designed to facilitate the work of storing feed for livestock and caring for lawns:

Mowers.
Trimmers.
Rake.
Balers.
Tedders.

We offer you a more complete acquaintance with the varieties of each category of attachments.

Mowers for walk-behind tractors

More and more often you can see how the owners of summer cottages and small farms carry out haymaking with a walk-behind tractor. There are several varieties of this equipment, which differ not only in appearance, but also in the principle of operation.

On the market you can find and pick up the following modifications:

rotary mowers;
frontal;

Frontal models fall into two categories:

segment;
flail.

Rotary mower with walk-behind tractor

By choosing attachments for yourself, it is worth considering the following features:

How the grass will be laid:

into rolls - this option will allow you to quickly form a stack without the involvement of additional equipment (rake);
in the mowing - the grass covers the lawn in an even layer, additional equipment will be required for its collection and laying;
mulching - the grass is crushed, becoming a natural fertilizer for plants (shrubs, trees, etc.).

Bevel height:

5 cm;
up to 20 cm.

Grip width- depends on the specific model.

Aggregation method with motorized device:

in front of the walk-behind tractor - the most demanded option;
behind - these are flail lawn mowers, used more and more for lawn cultivation;
on the side (semi-mounted) - the support wheel takes over the bulk of the mower's weight, such models are more relevant for mini-tractors.
The power of the mowing unit. The higher it is, the more functional the attachment is - with its help it will be possible to mow not only grass, but also shrubs, growth of young trees up to 3.5 cm in diameter.
The frequencies of rotation of the working bodies of the mower.

Rotary mower

The rotary attachment to the walk-behind tractor can be attached in all three ways (back, front, side), depending on the location of the cutting bodies for a particular mower model.

The attachment is used in conjunction with an adapter that turns the walk-behind tractor into a mini-tractor. The working body is raised with a lever and lowered by it. Work is carried out with the rake down.

Installation of this canopy is possible, as in the front of the walk-behind tractor (there is a special swivel mechanism) and in the back of it. The rake is made of durable steel, protected by a special anti-corrosion coating, has long term service.

If desired, the owners garden equipment can make a rake for a walk-behind tractor with their own hands, for this there are many descriptions, detailed drawings and videos on the Internet.

Rake "Sun"

The tedder rake for the "Sun" walk-behind tractor consists of a tubular frame, on which from two to four independently rotating discs can be mounted. These tedders are ideal for areas with uneven terrain.
The discs are equipped with high quality bearings and are fixed to the frame with special holders. The processing width can reach more than 2 m. This equipment is attached to the rear of the walk-behind tractor and is suitable for both domestic units and Chinese equipment. If desired, the "Sun" rake can be aggregated with a small tractor.

A short video will tell you how these tedders for a walk-behind tractor work:

Belt rake

The belt rake also belongs to the tedder category. They can be purchased in stores, or made with your own hands from scrap materials. How to make a rake on a walk-behind tractor with his own hand will tell and show a video:

This equipment allows you to quickly form a haystack, grabbing and transferring cut grass, hay and even dried forage crops.

The tedders, whether "Sun" or of the belt type, are much more efficient than their transverse counterparts, their design is more complex, and the requirements for operation are increased. In addition, it is important to use them for throwing hay from one side (dried) to the other, for faster drying.

Balers

This device allows the owner of the land plot not only to carefully select the mown hay or grass, freeing up the soil for further processing, but also to compactly pack them and prepare them for further transportation. A baler for a walk-behind tractor can be of two types:

Tyukovy.
Rolled.

Basically, due to the more compact size and simpler design, in private households they prefer to use roll-up sheds. Bales are more common on farms.

Round baler

A round baler for a walk-behind tractor forms bales of hay or straw.

Round baler

The material is captured by the pick-up and enters the drum compartment, where it is rolled into a roll under the influence of the grate.
A sound signal will notify the walk-behind tractor operator that the roll has reached the required size and density.
The roll is tied with twine, after which the rear wall of the drum opens and ready product rolls out.
The outer part of the roll is denser than the inner part, which provides excellent air circulation. In addition, the rolls have the same weight and dimensions.

At a price, a roll hay baler is more affordable than a bale one; if you wish, you can purchase a mini baler for a walk-behind tractor, which will allow owners summer cottages and private estates to improve the procedure for the procurement of feed for livestock.

How all this happens will help you understand the video:

Square baler

The baler for a bale-type walk-behind tractor works according to a different principle. The hay enters the bale chamber in the same way with the help of the auger, then the chamber is filled to the stop and the knitting mechanism starts - two threads tie a rectangular bale, after which it is pushed out. The bale-type units have the ability to adjust the density and height of the finished bale, in addition, rectangular blocks of hay or straw are more convenient to store and transport.

We offer you to watch a video review of the work of the square baler:

Another useful canopy powered by a walk-behind tractor is a do-it-yourself straw chopper. It will help you grind the feed just before serving it to your pets. The walk-behind tractor drives the cutting knives.

How it happens - we suggest watching the video:

Publication date: 23-12-2013, 23:08

Those people who keep a lot of cattle or like to periodically order a corporate paintball in St. Petersburg or, for example, rabbits quite often produce their own hay for the winter period.

As a rule, hay, or to be more precise, dried grass is stored in bags or simply in stacks, which by itself is not very competent, since a lot of space is taken away, and besides, the grass in stacks and bags can rot or become moldy. Therefore, it is better to prepare a homemade bale former before starting the harvesting period.

In order to make such an installation, you will need four bars, four slats, a pair of thin and wide boards and two plywood sheets.

First you need to assemble the frame, namely two identical rectangles using bars and slats for this. After you need to fill with front side these rectangles are pre-sized plywood sheets.

Next, you need to saw the same boards, in such an amount that they can cover both sides, but it is important not to forget that there should be some distance between the boards, in the region of 2-3 mm. By the way, these gaps will provide an opportunity for long-term formation of a haystack, with a gradual laying of grass.

Simply put, through the cracks, the grass mass will be well ventilated and will not rot. In general, you need to nail the outermost boards first, and only then fill the steel ones, starting from the middle.

As a result, you should get a box without a bottom and a lid. But the lid is still needed, because the hay needs to be pressed, it can be made from several thick boards.

The process of forming a stack using this design is extremely simple. First you need to take two long ropes and place them parallel or cross in the box, so that their ends hang out of the box.

Then you need to fill the box with dry grass. Then insert the lid and tamp it even tighter. Then tie the ropes and pull the bale out of the box by pulling them. And at the end, it remains to tie the ropes on top of the bale and take it to the storage location.

Hayfields are often located at a considerable distance from livestock farms.

In this case, the work with loose hay becomes more complicated, the transport for its delivery is used irrationally. In such situation the best way harvesting hay is pressing it into bales and rolls and delivering them to storage under sheds and in hay storage facilities closer to the place of consumption.

Harvesting of pressed hay has several options for technological operations. Before the pressing process, the mowing and drying techniques are similar to those used for making loose hay. The grasses are mowed into swaths by mowers with simultaneous or subsequent crimping, to accelerate drying in swaths, they are agitated 1 ... 2 times, then at a moisture content of 35 ... 45% they are raked into rolls, which are also turned over 1 ... 2 times. Grass is dried in rolls to a moisture content of 20 ... 22%.

It is very important to get hay that is uniform in moisture. This is the first fundamental difference between the compressed hay harvesting technology.

Hay is picked up from the rolls and immediately pressed into bales by balers PS-1.8, PPL-F-1.6M and PKT-F-2 with twine tying the bales. Pick-ups PS-1.8 and PPL-F-1.6M form bales weighing 24 ... 36 kg, and pick-up PKT-F-2 - weighing up to 500 kg. Dry hay is pressed to a density of 200 kg / m 3, hay with substandard moisture content - up to 100 ... 130 kg / m 3, it needs to be dried to a moisture content of 17% by active ventilation.

The bales are loaded onto vehicles and transported to the place of storage for storage. Stacking of bales in stacks, hay bales and hay containers is carried out with conveyors TT-4, TPU-7, loaders PF-0.5, PG-0.2, etc.

When stacking bales in a stack (stack) in an open area, it is necessary to exclude the contact of the bottom bales with the soil in order to avoid their damage. To do this, arrange wooden flooring, litter of brushwood up to 30 cm thick or straw - 70 cm.Skirda is usually formed with a length of 20 m and a width of 5.5 m.

The first eight rows of bales are laid strictly vertically, the ninth row is cornice, from the ninth row a gradual completion begins, that is, the narrowing of each subsequent row by 30 ... 35 cm. The top is covered with straw with a layer of 70 ... 90 cm, tarpaulin or plastic wrap so that moisture does not get inside the stack. Under sheds, in hay sheds, in the attic hayloft, bales are stacked tightly with maximum use of the volume of the room.

Sometimes it is necessary to press unfinished hay with a moisture content of 20 ... 25% (up to 30%). In this case, a subsequent technological operation is imperative - the drying of the bales by active ventilation. The same devices are used as for drying loose hay. In order to successfully dry the hay to the normal moisture content, it is necessary to reduce the compaction density to 100 ... 135 kg / m 3. The rule applies here: the higher the moisture content of the hay, the lower the compaction density.

Considering performance ventilation unit the first lower layer of bales is laid with a thickness of 2 ... 2.5 m, dried to a moisture content of 17%. Then the second layer up to 1.5 m thick is loaded and ventilated, this layer of hay is also dried to normal, then loaded upper layer bales up to 1.5 m thick and bring it to a conditioned humidity. At this, the ventilation is stopped, however, the condition of the stored hay is periodically monitored. If necessary, additional ventilation is carried out and self-heating foci are eliminated.

Reception of active ventilation and additional drying of hay in bales requires special attention and clarity in the performance of all operations. If there is insufficient control over the drying process of the bales, if they are not dried to the standard moisture content, the feed may deteriorate.

The round baler PRP-1.6 has found wide application, which compresses hay into large-sized cylindrical rolls weighing up to 500 kg and a density of 120 ... 200 kg / m 3. When harvesting pressed hay with this unit, a set of machines and equipment is required to work with such rolls - loaders-stackers PKU-0.8, PF-0.5, as well as a machine for crushing rolls before feeding cattle IRT-F-80.

In addition to the PRP-1.6 baler, other round balers are used: PPL-1.6M, PR-F-750 (bale weight 450 ... 750 kg); PF-350, PR-1.2L, PR-200, PR-400 (bale weight 150 ... 200 kg).

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In contact with

classmates

The baler is widely used in all soil and climatic zones. The demanded tillage equipment today is the baler.

On small farms, this essential assistant is in demand when preparing bedding material and roughage. Baled hay stores better and takes up less volume.

Advantages of using hay machines:

the use of a baler significantly reduces the drying time, loss of hay;
labor costs are reduced by 3-4 times;
in the future, the quality of hay during storage and transportation is significantly increased;
you can independently adjust the attachment.

There are 2 main types of agricultural implements for harvesting high quality hay. How to choose the right model for the farm?

Round baler

In the hay binder, the dry grass mass rotates in the bale chamber. The baler beeps when a perfectly flat bale of the required density is formed.

The tensioner turns on when the required bale size is reached, followed by twine wrapping. The packed hay is pushed out by a special mechanism.

Using a baler for a mini tractor, you can harvest up to 20 tons of straw in 20 summer days. There is no need to monitor the operation of the equipment continuously. The mini-tractor continues to move, and a tightly tied, tightly formed bale remains on the field. The hay pick-up for the walk-behind tractor must have a roll-type design.

Farm owners are always happy to purchase a manoeuvrable mini round baler. Such a unit works great on large areas. Transporting a small roll of hay is within the power of one person.

The mini round baler is small in size and at an affordable price. Modern farming cannot function without the use of a mini-tractor. About 50 types of pick-ups can be used by the owner of small agricultural machinery. On small lands and areas, farmers prefer to use a baler for a mini tractor.

Bale pick-ups

These machines produce rectangular hay briquettes of various sizes. The grassed grass in the rolls is captured by the unit's spring tines and fed into a special baling compartment. The dimensions of the briquette are regulated by technology. The knitting machine operates at the preset grass pressure parameters. Quality bales are tightly packed and tied with twine. Then the block is thrown onto the field.

There is an acute problem with the availability of parts and repairs. The semi-trailed bale unit Tukan 1600 is distinguished by the durability of the drive mechanism, long-term operation without stopping. Bales weighing 10 -50 kg are formed. The Belarusian baler PT-165 has gained popularity. The machine forms bales with an adjustable density. The length of the briquette tied with synthetic twine is 1.2 m. In Russia, it is unprofitable to use imported large-pack balers.

It is necessary to mention the pluses and minuses of this type. Labor productivity increases significantly. The density of the bale is regulated.

The drive is reliably protected from damage, since solid foreign objects, accidentally caught inside the mechanism, are removed through the pulley. The square baler pays for its high cost only on large areas, subject to a sufficiently high yield. Such units require constant careful maintenance.

Homemade hay making machines

How to choose a baler? The performance of such equipment during operation is assessed according to the following criteria:

Profitability. Reasonable economy of resources. Power consumption.
Unit performance, dynamism. The device should work without interruption. Ease of use.
Active energetic functionality. Compaction density, capture width, bale weight parameters, throughput.
Durability, reliability of the model. Long-term performance.
The size of the cultivated area is an important indicator of the choice of equipment.
The cost of the car matters, but it is not the most important criterion.

To mechanize haymaking, you can use a homemade hay press or purchase the necessary equipment with a margin of safety and durability.

It is necessary to take with full responsibility the choice of the required model of a baler for a walk-behind tractor for your farm.

When choosing a unit, you should carefully study the manufacturer's recommendations. Bale and round balers are most often used in domestic agriculture. Their use allows you to get more profit by reducing waste when performing field work.

Choose for yourself the model that is needed on the farm. Your business can be profitable.

Materials: http://1sadteh.ru/naves/press-podborshhik.html

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Any car enthusiast, and even a garage master, is familiar with the situation when it is necessary to press out any part from the shell, be it a bearing or a silent block. Someone needs to stack cardboard more compactly, and maybe even make fuel briquettes. But necessary tool or the equipment may not always be at hand. Let's try to figure out how difficult it is to make a press with our own hands and whether it is possible. And if possible, what material will be required and what is the algorithm for such work. To begin with, let's clarify what a press is and what it is intended for.

Factory made hydraulic press

What is the purpose and function of the press in everyday life and its types

Such devices have a very wide range of applications. This can be not only squeezing out various parts, but also a device for a walk-behind tractor that collects hay and places it in even rolls. Perhaps the manufacture of some durable concrete products is required, or maybe a lot of sawdust has accumulated, from which good fuel can be obtained.

Consider the main work that a press can perform in Everyday life... This equipment can be divided into several types. The device of some types is similar, while others have fundamental design differences.

Press for extruding parts from any base or shell

Such equipment will come in handy in a garage environment. It is not profitable for an ordinary motorist to acquire it, because the cost is quite high, and he rarely performs work. But to make a press in the garage with your own hands at minimum costs is quite acceptable.

You can use a similar press for silent blocks or bearings, i.e. for those parts, installation and dismantling of which is not amenable handmade... After spending a little time, you can design and assemble a device, the cost of which in a store can exceed 50,000 rubles.

A device for compacting various materials to the state of dense briquettes

Such a device will help to use old newspapers, which will make good fuel for the furnace. The waste paper press will help you save on the purchase of coal or firewood. In addition, the need to dispose of unnecessary correspondence disappears, which many have accumulated great amount.

A sawdust press can also be made using approximately the same principle. An excellent fuel that will be obtained when using it has proven itself well not only in stove heating but also even on vacation. Long burning, high heat and lack of smoke - these advantages and helped to gain popularity made with the help of the press fuel briquettes... A kebab, barbecue or a hot fire with minimal flame - what else do you need for a good rest?

There is another option to compress coal chips instead of sawdust. In this case, it will be a fuel that burns for a very long time and generates a huge amount of heat. And there is usually a lot of such a crumb in the coal sheds of houses that they heat. So why not use it too?

Press for recycling plastic and cardboard

Surely many have seen carton boxes that are tightly squeezed into a tight pile. This is also the work of the press. After all, it is much more convenient to export such material when it is compactly packed. A cardboard press is one of the easiest to make with your own hands. Other solid materials can be disposed of in much the same way. For example, using the press plastic bottles turn into neat layers, easy to transport.

Still, pressing plants bring the greatest help in agriculture.

Harvesting Helper

To collect the straw remaining in the field, after harvesting, or forage hay, it is optimal to use a homemade baler. Moreover, it will not only make work easier. Neat dense rolls will roll from the straw, which is convenient for both transportation and storage.

In the drawings of the hay press with your own hands, it is imperative to indicate the dimensions - this will help in the end to assemble everything correctly. Although there are options for very simple units, but more on that below.

Well, first, before proceeding with self-made such a unit, it is important to understand the structures of its various types, understand their differences and decide on the necessary material.

What is the basic design of the press and its different types

Many may say that there is no point in wasting time on design and assembly and it is much easier to buy a hydraulic press or its mechanical version, but this is fundamentally wrong. Of course, if it is used, for example, in a car service, etc., perhaps the unit will pay for itself after some time. But for home use and performing one-time works, the acquisition will be a very irrational spending of funds.

For a complete understanding of the essence of the work, consider design features some types of similar units. And you should start with the possibility of making a vacuum press with your own hands.

The main thing that should be said about this device is that it practically does not find use in everyday life. The fact is that a thermal vacuum press is used most often for the manufacture of doors and window frames as well as various furniture facades. It is with his help that the parts are covered with film (NDF). In fact, it is a great laminating machine.

Note! Such a press is very difficult to manufacture. Some craftsmen say that on self-production they spent more money on such a device than would have been spent on the purchase. It is because of the great complexity and small area of application that we will not dwell on such a press in detail. It will be much more interesting to consider a baler capable of compacting and collecting hay or straw into bales.

Hay baler design features

A similar simplest installation is assembled from boards and is very useful in the household, because The compressed straw during storage takes up much less space and neat "briquettes" will be conveniently stored at the same time.

A similar mechanical press is wooden box, measuring 80 X 80 cm and 3 m in length. On one end there is a hatch with a lock, and on the other there is a wooden platform with a long lever, by means of which the hay is pressed. In order to more fully understand the principle of operation and the device of such an installation, you can watch a short video below.

Surely, after watching it, it became clear that such a press does not even require preliminary drawings. As for the press for the walk-behind tractor, there are no fundamental differences between them, with the only difference that the second option does not have a lever. Pressing is carried out using the same pressure platform, but through a cable drive, i.e. the second option is just a more mechanized version of the first.

Video: with homemade bale press

The compact press for everyday small jobs

For home use, a desktop hand press has proven itself very well. Of course, it can also be made in a hydraulic version, but we will consider more complex units a little later. Therefore, now let's try to understand what is the principle of operation of a mechanical table press.

Such an installation is a frame welded from shaped iron and reinforced with stiffening ribs. A manual jack is usually attached from above in such a way that when the handle is rotated, it moves towards the lower platform. The rig itself is bolted to the workbench.

Thus, it turns out that by placing a part in the lower part of the steel frame, for example by placing a tube under it, you can easily squeeze out the middle part by rotating the jack handle. This is how the car silent blocks or bearings, etc. are squeezed out, or vice versa, are pressed into place. similar details in their seats. The main thing is to ensure that there is no distortion under pressure.

You can make a similar bench press or floor, if necessary, large. But at the same time, do not forget that in this case you will need a more powerful jack, or the installation of a gearbox to increase the pressure force.

A compaction press or how to assemble a roller-based device

Sometimes it is necessary to roll the wire or make a plate thinner. This is where a roller press comes in handy. The principle of its operation is easy to understand for those who remember the old hand-spinning washing machines. Excess moisture from the linen was removed in them by passing the thing between two rollers. Rotating the handle caused them to rotate in opposite directions.

This is exactly how a mechanical roller press works, with the only difference that it is possible to adjust the distance between the shafts, and there is also a gearbox that reduces the rotation speed, increasing the power - after all, metal is much tougher than fabric. Such mechanisms can be made both with a manual, mechanical drive, and with an electric one. In this case, instead of a handle through a chain drive, it is necessary to connect asynchronous motor... The gearbox with this connection will be slightly different. In addition, it is better to connect the motor through a frequency converter. This ensures a smoother start-up, energy savings and durability of the motor.

Manufacturing of reinforced concrete products - what is needed for this?

Someone may ask - what does it have to do with it? concrete products when it comes to the press. It turns out that the connection is direct. It is for the strengthening of products such as cinder block, etc. a vibropress is used. A mixture of cement, sand, etc. is placed inside such a device, where the mold is located, after which it is pressed by a press and vibration is turned on. As a result, excess air is removed, and the product acquires the necessary strength.

Making such a vibrating press with your own hands is quite possible, although it will require a lot of time, effort and knowledge. Usually, when it comes to paving slabs or something similar, DIYers prefer to make an ordinary vibrating table. In fact, there will not be much difference if the solution in the molds is not subjected to pressure, but simply loses unnecessary, excess air in the process of vibration.

Hydraulics as the most common form of pressurization

The most interesting and common type of such units is an electrically driven hydraulic press. The principle of operation of such a device is as simple as it is complex - and it really is. The low viscosity engine oil flows through a pump driven by an electric motor and into the cylinder. It creates high pressure which pushes the piston.

Of course, the drive can also be mechanical, without the involvement of an electric motor and an oil pump. This is what will be the most common type of press, which is made by hand. For work in the garage, such a device, at times, becomes simply irreplaceable. And, besides, following some tips, even a beginner master who has basic skills in working with welding machine or making bolted connections.

What is the structure of a hydraulic press and how to make it

A hydraulic press is generally irreplaceable in rural areas. And it was invented back in 1975. The principle of its operation is to use communicating cylinders with pistons. different diameters... Moreover, the less pressing, i.e. the hydraulic pump and the more receiving - the hydraulic cylinder, the stronger the pressure will be created with less effort. In fact, this can be compared to the movement of a car in a low gear.

The most common form of hydraulic press, as already mentioned, is the rectangular frame. And the main task in its manufacture is accurate calculations. The first step is, of course, to draw up a diagram of the future press, because without it, it will be difficult to deal with all the connections. The quality and speed of assembly of the unit depends on how detailed it will be.

All structural elements must be made of steel, at least 15 mm thick. This is done so that the frame does not lead during work, because the effort will be significant. The main thing to think about is the design itself. It should be remembered that hydraulic jacks are designed specifically to work in a vertical position and cannot be laid on their side, as well as installed with the stem down.

Ideally, you should get the following construction. The rectangular frame extending upwards is fixed to the bed. Inside the frame, vertically along the edges, there are 2 guides along which the horizontal bar goes up and down. On it, on top, a hydraulic jack is fixed, and the cross beam itself is suspended from the top of the frame by springs that provide a reverse spin crossbeam when loosening the jack.

The hydraulic press produced in this way will press down when the jack is "inflated" and rise up when it is loosened by the springs. A large nut can be welded to the bottom of the beam, where various tips necessary for this or that work will be screwed in the future.

If you have a separate hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic pump at hand, then you can make a more convenient unit. Indeed, in this case, it becomes possible to install a pedal, and during the work, both hands remain free, which is sometimes extremely necessary.

In general, how to make a hydraulic press is everyone's business. And the answer to this question is limited only by the imagination and wishes of the master. A bit of ingenuity and now an exclusive device is ready that meets all the requirements for convenience.

The Importance of Drawing a DIY Hydraulic Press

The main task in such work is accuracy and attentiveness. And if the dimensions, for example, of the vertical struts do not match, the unit may push a little to the side, which in some cases can be critical. And for that, drawing up drawings of a manual hydraulic press with your own hands is very important. Moreover, all sizes on them must be spelled out and calculated to the millimeter. And during manufacturing, deviation from the drawing is unacceptable.

The press, the hydraulic drawing of which is drawn up correctly and will function perfectly. For conventional garage installations perfect size there will be a supporting frame 50 cm wide and up to 1 m high.

DIY hydraulic press - how long will such work take and which connections are better

It is best to assemble a frame for a hydraulic press with your own hands for welding joints. In this case, the seams must be of high quality. Of course, if a jack for 3 tons is installed, super-efforts will not be applied to the frame, but it is still better to play it safe.

But what will happen if the weak seams do not hold up and the structure "leads"? Let's look at something like this with an example. It is necessary to replace the failed motor bearing. It is pressed into a duralumin cover, and therefore it is necessary to work with a homemade hydraulic press to remove it. And if, during its extrusion, the frame of the structure leads, the force on the bearing arrives unevenly in a circle. As a result, the duralumin engine cover breaks. Have arrived. Now, in addition to the bearing, it is necessary to purchase a cover for an induction motor (well, or a generator, the meaning does not change from this).

That is why, before making a press with your own hands, you should think about the connections. If you are not confident in your ability to make high-quality welds, then it is better either to turn to a professional, or to stay at bolted connections... But even with this type of installation, you need to be careful. It is not worth spending 2-3 small-diameter bolts on one connection, this will not make it stronger. The best thing for a garage hydraulic press is a single but thick bolt connection.

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