Heating system in a private house from a stove. How to make stove heating in a private house with air or water circuits
Despite the presence of central or autonomous water heating, many owners of summer cottages and private houses cannot imagine their home without a real stove. Indeed, the stove is capable of creating coziness in any setting, and besides, having such an assistant, you do not need to worry that, for whatever reason, it suddenly turns out that there is nothing to cook dinner with or to heat the water.
Heating stoves can be made of metal (most often cast iron) or built of bricks. Which one should you choose? - it will depend on several criteria: the area of the room in which it will be installed, financial capabilities and personal preferences of the owner of the house.
Brick heating stoves
The most popular for the house have always been and remain traditional and brick fireplaces. This fact is not surprising, since such stoves combine the most important functions, without which it is difficult for a person to do without even in suburban conditions - heating a house and maintaining a comfortable microclimate in it for a long time, cooking food, heating water, drying clothes, preparing for the winter.
Brick ovens are undoubtedly "classics" That is why, despite the appearance of more modern heating devices, many still prefer brick structures... Their variety is great - a very large number of designs are known that differ among themselves not only in size, but also in functionality. This variety allows you to choose the model that is most suitable for a specific area and interior of the house and meets the needs of the owners.
To understand the nuances brick ovens, it makes sense to consider a few of the most popular options. However, whichever variety is chosen, it must in any case heat the house with high quality, and one of the most important design conditions for performing this function is the size of the furnace chamber. Having decided on this parameter, it will be possible to choose the stove itself, since any of them is designed with a certain calculation.
The required size of the combustion chamber must be in accordance with the heated area. In addition, the minimum section of the chimney directly depends on the size of the firebox. As a starting point when choosing, you can use the following table:
| Premises area in sq. m | Portal volume in cubic meters dm (liters) | Firebox in mm | Chimney flow area in mm (minimum) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Width furnace holes | Height furnace holes | Width back walls furnaces | Depth fuel cameras | Height necks | |||
| 12 | 42 | 500 | 450 | 300 | 300 | 120 | 140 × 140 |
| 16 | 50 | 600 | 500-520 | 400 | 320 | 120 | 140 × 270 |
| 22 | 60 | 700 | 560-580 | 450 | 350 | 120 | 140 × 270 |
| 30 | 80 | 800 | 600-650 | 500 | 370-380 | 130 | 270 × 270 |
| 35 | 100 | 900 | 700 | 600 | 400-420 | 130 | 270 × 270 |
| 40 | 120 | 1000 | 750 | 700 | 450 | 140 | 270 × 270 |
Home ovens can be divided according to their functionality:
- Just heating stoves - for example, "Dutch".
- - these are stoves with a stove and an oven, for example, "Swede", Russian stove and others.
- Fireplace stoves - their functionality is clear from the name itself.
- Heating stoves for special purposes stand somewhat apart - these are sauna heaters, stoves for heating greenhouses, garages, and other outbuildings.
Hollandka heating stoves
"Hollandka" is a heating stove designed exclusively for heating rooms. This design can be quite compact and is perfect for either a small building, or as a second, additional stove in the house. It can be placed between two rooms, it will not only heat them effectively, but also serve as a wall.
Heating stove "Dutch" The "Dutchwoman" came to Russia from Western Europe at the beginning of the 18th century and reliably took root in Russian huts. Since that time, already Russian stove-makers have significantly reconstructed the original model, since at first it did not have valves, and the heat went directly into the pipe. Intricate channels have appeared in the internal structure of the furnace, which help to keep heat for a long time. In addition, in some of the modernized "Dutch women" tanks for water heating, drying chambers appeared.
The scheme of the traditional Dutch woman looks like this:
Typical Dutch scheme How to properly fold this compact and easy-to-use, you can find out by following the link to the corresponding publication of our portal. There you can also find recommendations on the construction of the foundation for it, detailed instructions for laying with a diagram-ordering and other useful information.
"Swede"
"Shvedka" is a more rational design, since in it, with compact dimensions comparable to the "Dutch", such elements as a plate and drying chamber, and sometimes even an oven.
Very functional Swedish oven The scheme of a traditional stove - "Swedish" is as follows:
The internal structure of the "Swede" Interesting historical facts- the original version of the "Swede", as its name implies, was developed in Sweden by order of the government in connection with the need to save firewood, which was sorely lacking in winter period... Its authors were the engineer Karl Johan Kronsted and General Fabian - they presented their project in 1767. The stove took root and became widespread not only in Sweden, but also in a number of other northern countries, one of which was Russia, in which the "Swede" began to gain popularity at the end of the 19th century. Before the appearance of this model in Sweden, most often fireplace-type stoves were built, giving off little heat and requiring a large amount of fuel.
The "Swedish" design is perfect for a small and large house. During the time that has passed since the appearance of the first such stove, various variations have appeared, from which you can choose the optimal one for the existing conditions of a country house.
You can find out on your own by following this link to a special page of the portal dedicated to this particular topic.
Kitchen stove-stove
Kitchen brick stove can be safely called the most economical in construction and compact in size option of all existing heating facilities. However, such a stove-stove is designed only for heating the kitchen itself and cooking. Of course, it can be used to divide one large country room into two zones, organizing a kitchen in one of them, and something like a bedroom in the other. In this case, the resting room will be warmed up from the back of the oven for 10 ÷ 12 hours.
In addition, the advantages of this design include its relative lightness compared to other buildings, which means that such a stove does not require a massive and too deep foundation. The structure occupies a very small area - a little more than interior partition with a table installed next to it.
There are also more massive models of stove-stoves, which can be chosen if there is enough space for them in the house.
The scheme of stove-stoves is quite simple and may well be performed on their own... However, in order for the main work to be successful, the masters recommend that you first lay the entire structure dry. This operation is necessary in order to get at least minimal practice and "fill" your hand, as well as to understand the structure of each of the rows. In addition, it becomes possible to accurately adjust the bricks for subsequent masonry.
"Ordering" the kitchen oven It is produced in accordance with the developed and already tested order schemes. If this particular variant of the stove is chosen, then you can find a large number of "orders" for structures of rectangular and square shapes, with a chamber around the stove and without it, with an oven and with a hot water tank.
It is impossible not to say about the design features of the kitchen stove with a stove bench arranged at the back or on the side. This option is perfect for country house, since, one might say, one sleeping place will always be ready. Even if there is no need to warm up, since the nights are warm, the couch can be used as a bed - you just have to put a mattress and a pillow on it.
If there is enough space in the house, and there is a desire to build such a structure, then the design of this stove will be not much harder than the usual plates. Naturally, more material will be required for work, and more time will be spent on laying, but you can save on buying a bed and at the same time always have a place to dry wet clothes and shoes, fruits, vegetables and berries.
The layout of the laying of such a furnace can be clearly seen in the figure presented.
Refractory brick prices
Refractory brick
Video: Super-Compact Heating Cooking Oven
Russian stove
A real Russian stove is a rather massive structure that requires a large area for installation and a large amount of fuel for good heating. Previously, the stove occupied about half of the area of the hut, since it was the main element in the house - it not only fed the whole family, but also healed, and also gave a cozy overnight stay. Towers were built around it, on which sleeping places were arranged.
Today, you can rarely find a real Russian stove in private houses, since it takes up a lot of space, requires a massive foundation, a large amount of masonry material, and today hardly anyone will sleep on a stove or bed. But nevertheless, some owners of mansions to maintain the interior style choose this particular version of the heating stove, since it becomes not only a functional building, but also decorative element interior.
The Russian stove looks good in the "rustic" style of the interior If you dreamed about it, and only the instructions for its construction are missing, then we recommend readers to follow the link. In the article that opens, you can find not only detailed manual, but also a list of everything necessary for the masonry process, as well as 3D ordering.
Fireplace stoves
The dream of many homeowners is to have a fireplace in a private home. However, at the same time, they need to clearly understand that in “ pure form" he ineffective and is only suitable for heating one small room. Usually romantic natures miss fireplaces, dreaming of spending cold evenings by an open fire, the occasion of crackling dry fragrant firewood. But, for example, this is not enough for a country house, since the fireplace will not give an opportunity to cook food or bake bread, and the heat from it disappears very quickly.
For this case, a design was developed that combines a heating stove with hob and an oven, and a fireplace, which can be used separately.
This design can be both compact and massive enough. In some models, the fireplace insert is located on the side, in others - on the side opposite to the stove. The fireplace stove can be installed in such a way that its side with the stove and oven would go out into side kitchen area and the fireplace is in side recreation areas.
The schemes of this structure are not too complicated, but it will be necessary to purchase a lot of additional metal elements.
To find out in more detail how the process goes, you need to refer to the article on our portal dedicated to this particular topic.
Varieties of brick ovens at the installation site
In addition to classifying brick ovens in terms of functionality, size and massiveness, they can be divided according to the shape of the base and their location in the house. This is also an important criterion for choosing a particular model.
Furnaces in the form of their base can be:
- simply rectangular or rectangular with a protrusion in the form of a hob;
- square;
- round;
- triangular (trapezoidal), for location in the corner;
- T-shaped.
- Rectangular stoves can be installed near a wall, act as a wall, or stand in the middle of a room that needs to be divided into two different zones.
Rectangular oven dividing the room into two zones In addition, the rectangular oven may have a hob-like protrusion.
Any of the above types of ovens can be rectangular. The structure can be massive or compact. The choice of the right option depends on the area of the premises and the capabilities of the owners.
- Square ovens can also be installed anywhere in the room. They are quite compact, although they can be quite multifunctional, and not only cope with space heating, but also have a water tank and a hob.
- The round stove has rarely been found in private homes lately, although it used to be quite popular. This structure was often installed at the junction of three small rooms, and it not only heated the adjacent rooms, but also added individuality to the interior.
Round ovens are also often called "Dutch" because they have internal structure identical to the original design. Such a structure has an elegant appearance and does not take up much space, but it has little functionality and does not keep warm for a long time. Therefore, if the house only has stove heating, then the round "Dutch" is installed more often as a second oven in order to heat up the premises faster.
- Corner stove can be called the most compact of them all. Made with high quality, it will heat the room just as well as stoves of a different shape. However, usually a corner oven has only one function - heating... Of course, you can dry your shoes or clothes near it, but you cannot cook food or warm water.
Convenience of a corner oven - in its compactness If the goal is to build in one of the rooms, then it is best to replace it with a corner stove, which will look like a fireplace portal, but will give much more heat.
- The T-shaped stove does not have many functions, but it is capable of heating three rooms of the house at once, since there are special channels in its rear walls through which hot air passes during the firebox.
This type of stove is, as it were, part of the wall, therefore, despite its massiveness, it does not occupy a large area. A compact oven or even a single-burner hob can be built into the design. A good option for a choice if you cannot do without stove heating in three rooms of the house, but you need to save as much space as possible.
Cast iron heating stoves
Modern cast iron stoves are often no less popular than brick ones, since in some of their qualities they even surpass massive buildings. These advantages include more low cost, compactness, elegant appearance, the ability to do without a massive foundation, easy and quick installation.
Cast iron stoves have many advantages over brick If there is not enough space for a brick stove in the house, then it is worth opting for a cast iron stove, especially since this metal has qualities that are ideal for heating appliances.
Its advantages include the following qualities:
- Cast iron heats up quickly as it has very good thermal conductivity. Thanks to this, the room is extremely short term filled with warmth. Metal cn is especially resistant to high temperatures, while it does not deform, does not give T cracks and, having heated up, due to its massiveness and heat capacity, cools for a long time, giving off heat to the room.
- Provided that the house is well insulated, the cast-iron unit will operate with efficiency reaching 80-85%. This circumstance allows you to save fuel, which means there will be no unnecessary expenses. If you buy a high-quality cast-iron stove and properly install the chimney, then fuel costs will be much reduced.
- Due to the material's resistance to high temperatures, such stoves will last a very long time, without creating significant problems for the owner of the house during operation. The minimum warranty period of active service established by manufacturers for such heating devices is at least 10 years.
- Cast iron stoves are often equipped with heat-resistant glass doors with a built-in self-cleaning effect. They can be located both in the center of the front panel of the oven, and with an offset to one side and even to the side walls.
- In addition, if you choose a stove lined with a ceramic coating, then the duration of effective heat transfer will be even higher, that is, the heat in the room will remain longer.
- Any of the cast iron stoves is perfect for installation in a house of any size, as it takes up very little space.
They are produced in four varieties: heating, heating and cooking, fireplace stoves and sauna stoves.
Heating cast iron stoves
Heating cast-iron stoves work only to provide the house with heat. Thanks to the transparent fire-resistant glass door, you can watch the play of tongues of flame, sitting in a cozy armchair on quiet evenings.
Pig-iron heating "potbelly stove" Unlike brick stoves, cast iron stoves take up very little space, and will look great in a small room of a residential building or summer cottage.
The stove is easy to install and does not require special strengthening of the bases on which it will be installed. Many models are equipped with a niche for storing firewood, which allows you to always have dry fuel on hand.
Heating and cooking cast iron stoves
Heating and cooking ovens have in their design one or two burners, and sometimes also an oven, which allow you to cook food, heat water and bake bread or pies. These functions are simply necessary in a summer cottage - they allow you to save on electricity, and if it is absent at all or is supplied with frequent interruptions, then the oven becomes simple irreplaceable assistant.
A heating and cooking stove is also more efficient when heating a room, since heat comes not only from the body, but also from the stove and oven. Even a kettle heated on the stove will also be a kind of heat source for some time.
Cast iron fireplace stoves
Cast iron fireplace stoves equipped with glass doors that can be opened if desired to admire the open fire. And you can keep it closed, then the device will more fully perform the functions of a stove and effectively heat the room. The fireplace stove differs from the usual heating stove in the larger size of the furnace hole.
Some fireplace stoves have a built-in oven, which is very useful for long stays in the country. If the oven has such a function, then it is enough to take the necessary baking products with you in the countryside, and you can enjoy your own fragrant bread or pies at least every day. with berries with own dacha. An oven will not hurt in urban conditions, since it has long been noticed that food cooked in a wood-fired oven is much more aromatic and tastier than in an electric or gas oven.
Cast iron fireplace stoves are manufactured in different forms... They can be not only rectangular and square, but also round or trapezoidal - angular. Therefore, you can always choose the right option, depending on the size of the room and the planned installation site.
Sauna stoves
For heating the baths, special ones are made, in which a place is provided for laying stones. When the furnace is heated, they can be heated, as they say, "red hot", giving dry heat to the steam room. And if you wish, it is enough to splash some cold water or herbal decoction on them - and the room will be filled with fragrant healing steam.
In more modern models special built-in heaters steam generators, which are able to fill the room with steam in 12 ÷ 15 minutes after the furnace is flooded. Special dispensers can also stand to ensure constant and uniform vaporization.
Several examples of produced cast iron stoves
At the end of the article - a small top-review of popular cast iron heating stoves.
Stove-fireplace "Normandy"
The heating stove of the Russian company "Meta" has a neat and aesthetic appearance. The weight of this device is 170 kg, so it can be easily installed on a second two-story floor private house. The height of the furnace is 736, the width is 756, the depth of the furnace is 445 mm, and the pipe diameter is only 150 mm. The furnace power is 12 kW, thanks to which it is able to heat rooms with a volume of up to 240 m³, almost without "stealing" the usable area.
Stove-fireplace "Normandy" The stove has a classic black color, which allows it to fit into any interior - it will look organically with furniture of any shades. The panel on the top of the oven allows you to prepare lunch, heat water or brew coffee.
« Ambra "
This fireplace stove from the renowned Polish company Eurokom has a retro design, which gives it a special appeal. The stove is produced in black or bronze, so it will easily match any color scheme of the interior. The characteristics of the oven are as follows:
- height 730, depth 400, width 520 mm;
- weight - only 75 kg;
- thermal power is 9 kW;
- heated volume - 140 ÷ 150 m³;
- efficiency - 70%;
- chimney diameter - 1 50 mm.
Stove-fireplace "Ambra" - one of the leaders in popularity For hob a cover is provided with a through openwork pattern. It not only decorates the appliance, but also serves as a protective wall screen from food splashes and food on the panel.
The glass of the furnace has an additional fence in the form of a lattice, which also serves as a decorative decoration for it. There is a glass blowing function, a long-term fuel burning mode is provided - from one load - up to 10 hours.
Thanks to its outstanding performance and compactness, the oven has become a top seller in recent years.
Stove-fireplace "Bavaria - Prismatic" with a stove
This popular model of the Russian company "Ekokamin" is a full-fledged kitchen stove, even resembling an electric or gas stove... She has comfortable height so you don't have to bend over to prepare food.
Extremely comfortable and very functional fireplace stove "Bavaria - Prismatic" The oven has a niche for firewood, which allows them to dry if they are placed in it in advance.
The appliance is also equipped with a protective screen for the cooking oven, has a glass door that goes over the side walls, which gives a wider, panoramic view of the fire. In addition, the glass walls are equipped with a special blower, which keeps the glass from carbon deposits, leaving it always clean.
The oven quickly heats up the room, while at the same time making it possible to fully cook food. Its side walls are finished ceramic panels, which contribute to long-term heat retention.
The fireplace stove has the following characteristics:
- height 945, depth 550, width 710 mm;
- chimney diameter - 200 mm;
- efficiency - 80-85%;
- the stove is capable of heating a room of 260 ÷ 275 m³ due to its high thermal power - 14 kW.
The stove does not take up much space, so it is perfect even for small kitchen... At the same time, logs up to 500 mm long are placed in it, and the long-term burning mode allows you to load 1 time in 5 ÷ 7 hours.
Video: stove a fireplace for a house and a summer residence Sofia in tiles
Prices for fireplaces and stoves
Fireplaces and stoves
Thinking about additional or main heating for a house, it is necessary to calculate all the pros and cons of this or that device. You need to evaluate everything - both dimensions, and thermal power, and the cost of materials or finished product, and the complexity of installation or construction. The final decision is for the homeowners.
There are now many modern alternatives to stove heating. Regardless, many homeowners are considering having a good old stove. Let's see what advantages this option for heating a private house has and, of course, we will study all the disadvantages, which are also many.
We wrote in detail about how you can heat a house without gas, considered different options... In light of this large selection it would seem that stoves should become a thing of the past. But this is not at all the case, and the services of stove-makers are still in demand. What is the reason for this? Perhaps with the advantages that stove heating gives? Let's consider them in detail.
Advantages of stove heating:
Traditions, childhood memories, special atmosphere. In childhood, many of us stayed with our grandparents, whose main place in the house was occupied by the stove. Remember how interesting it was to melt it with your own hands, what a pleasure it was to watch the tongues of flame pounced on the next log? There is something so special in a live fire, in the ability to light the stove, to do such a pleasant and useful business. A real stove still evokes nostalgia, it is an opportunity to return to the roots and make your home truly cozy.
Autonomy. Private home owners are still dependent on external energy supplies. A gas pipeline accident can be a disaster in the winter, as can a power outage due to a blizzard. But stove heating depends solely on your prudence - stocked up with firewood, purchased coal - that's it, your house will be warm, despite any force majeure circumstances.
Stove heating allows you to create a very comfortable microclimate for all the inhabitants of the house. Convectors dry the air, like radiators, but the radiant heat from the stove allows you to create comfortable living conditions. The heat from the oven fights damp very well, prevents the appearance of mold, in such a house there will be no place for a musty smell.
Firewood in a number of regions turns out to be much more economical option than paying for gas or electricity. If the forest is nearby, you can save a lot by preparing firewood for heating the house yourself.
The stove is able to keep warm and serve as an additional source of ventilation. All this allows you to smooth out temperature drops in the house and once again not open the window for ventilation.
Food cooked in a real oven, on a live fire, will be especially tasty. Some housewives specially learn to cook in the oven in order to please the family with homemade dishes with a unique taste.
The stove heating also has disadvantages, and quite serious ones:
- Relaxing with the stove will not work. The ritual of kindling is invariably carried out every day in the cold season, it has to be cleaned, wood is brought in, and the state of the chimney is monitored. There is a lot of trouble, all work is carried out manually, no automation in this area has yet been invented. Therefore, if you want a real oven, be prepared for additional, time-consuming and daily activities. In addition, if you leave for a while in winter, it will be uncomfortable to return to a cold house.
- A live fire is always a fire hazard. Incorrectly made chimney, errors in the operation of the stove - all these are the risks of fire. You have to be very careful.
- The construction of the furnace itself is already an expense. Needed separate foundation, if you have a massive structure in the form of a Russian stove or Kuznetsov stove. And the services of a stove-maker cost a lot, and not everyone is able to build a stove on their own.
- Installing a stove requires careful calculations. For example, experts do not recommend putting a stove in the bedroom - it is too dangerous. In addition, the location should be calculated so that the stove heats the maximum number of rooms. In old one-story houses with 4 rooms, the stove was placed just in the middle so that all the rooms would be warmed up at once.
- Prepare firewood and coal for the stove in advance, they need right place storage. Additional chores again.
We state: today, it is not necessary and inexpedient to use a stove as the only source of heat. In the absence of gas, you can always install a liquid or solid fuel boiler, provide heating at home from electric boiler... However, the stove will become an additional source of heat, provide a special atmosphere at home, and will be a source of pride for the owners.
Wood stoves for heating a private house have always been the most popular, since this type of fuel is currently the most affordable in many regions of the country. Plus, many homeowners simply have no idea country life without logs burning in the furnace with their crackling and forest aroma. In addition, firewood is the most environmentally friendly natural fuel material, which is also not the last thing when choosing a heating device.
Another, already often forced reason for the popularity of wood-fired heating devices is the lack of gas supply, and summer cottages sometimes there are power outages. Other types of fuel, for example, coal and diesel fuel, are quite troublesome to acquire and store.
A wide variety of cast iron stoves are on sale today, which are quite compact in size and often original. design decoration... If you wish, you can find the simplest, most affordable model, or opt for more expensive, made in a certain style.
In addition to cast iron stoves, in country houses often installed "in the old fashioned way" brick. Despite the presence of other, more modern heating devices and types of fuel, from traditional ovens many owners of private houses are in no hurry to refuse.
Criteria for choosing a heater
When choosing a cast iron or brick stove for a particular house, it is important to pay attention not only to its external design, but also to its main technical and operational characteristics.
- The size of the device is the first thing that pays attention to, since if the area of the house is small, not every stove is suitable for it precisely for this parameter.
- Before choosing a specific model, you must definitely determine a specific place in the house for it. This is necessary in order to select the location of the pipe. If a cast iron version of the stove is purchased, then the outlet can be located on the top or rear panel of the device. attic floor and the roof structure, should not bump into a beam or rafter leg.
- The third thing you need sharpen attention- this is the heat output of the heater, that is, what kind of heated area the stove is designed for.
- Availability is essential additional elements in the design of the oven, such as a hob, a water heater and an oven.
- The size and material of manufacture of the fuel door also sometimes play an important role, since thanks to these elements, a modern stove may well become a fireplace.
Stoves with cast-iron doors are produced, which, when heated in the same way as the walls, give off heat to the room. Another option would be a wide glass door that doesn't even need to be opened to enjoy the sight of a burning flame. Especially such models will be useful in suburban country houses where the power supply is often cut off. In the evening, an oven with a glass door will not only heat the house, but also to some extent illuminate one of the rooms.
Steel and cast iron stoves
If earlier metal potbelly stoves were mainly made independently from scrap materials, today in specialized stores cast-iron stove can be found for every taste - these can be the simplest devices, long-burning units, and even with a built-in water circuit. What each of the options is - you need to figure it out in more detail with specific examples.
Furnace with a simple firebox structure
Steel furnace "Gnome"
The most affordable option for a country house is the rather popular Gnome stove-stove, which can be heated with wood or briquettes. Such a heating device is capable of heating a house with a room volume of up to 85 ÷ 95 m³.
One of the simplest metal stoves - "gnome"
Several modifications of this device are made. Some of them have removable burners, others have a solid panel. The furnace itself consists of two chambers - a furnace and a blower one, and on some models of the "Gnome" steel doors are installed, and on others - glass doors, and the ash pan is made in the form of a drawer.
Sample drawings of the "gnome"
The walls of the heater, as well as the grate, are made of high quality steel. The outside of the casing is coated with a heat-resistant paint that protects the metal from corrosion. The compact size of the oven allows it to be used in even small spaces.
An important point is that it is not necessary to build a foundation under such a stove-stove - even a wooden floor can easily withstand it, if, for fire safety purposes, a 5 mm sheet of metal is laid on it or an asbestos sheet is laid.
The stove is designed for vertical connection to the chimney.
The table lists some specifications"Gnome":
| Description of characteristics | The values |
|---|---|
| Thermal power | 5 kW |
| Hob | Without burners |
| Chimney diameter | 110 mm |
| Construction height | 656 mm |
| Width | 304 mm |
| Furnace depth | 475 mm |
| Appliance weight | 30 Kg |
The disadvantage of stoves with a simple structure of the firebox is that the heated air immediately goes into the chimney, became be, the steel case does not retain heat for a long time and cools down quickly enough. Therefore, in order to keep the room warm, you will have to heat it almost constantly, especially if the house is poorly insulated and the winter temperature is low outside. By purchasing this stove, you will not be able to save on fuel.
Prices for popular stoves
stove stove gnome
Best of all, the "Gnome" with a simple structure of the firebox is suitable for a country house used from spring to autumn, since its capacity is quite enough to cook food, warm water, and on cold nights - warm the house.
Cast iron stove
A more practical option for a stove with a simple structure of the firebox is a cast-iron construction.
The main advantage lies precisely in the material of manufacture. Cast iron quickly warms up and keeps heat for a very long time, giving it to the premises. With a very small size, this unit is capable of heating a room of 90 ÷ 120 m³.
The furnace body is equipped with ribbed side walls, which increases the area of the heated surface, and hence the overall heat transfer. The weight of a cast-iron device is much greater than that made of steel - two, or even two and a half times, so a rigid, reliable and heat-resistant base must be prepared for its installation.
The parameters of such a stove are presented in table:
| Description of characteristics | The values |
|---|---|
| Thermal power | 6.5 kW |
| Hob | with one burner |
| Chimney diameter | 110 mm |
| Construction height | 560 mm |
| Width | 352 mm |
| Furnace depth | 540 mm |
| Appliance weight | 75 kg |
Furnaces with hot water heating circuit
This metal stove is more versatile than the first option, since it has a water circuit with which you can heat several rooms of a fairly large area. But for this have to Pull pipes to the appropriate areas of the room and install radiators.
The heating system is connected to the furnace water circuit and is filled with a coolant. When the stove is fired, water circulates in the circuit, passing through the radiators, heats them, and they, in turn, give off heat to the premises. Sometimes, with a long circuit length, special ones are built into the system, which gives the coolant the necessary pressure. Such a circulation system is called forced, and it is more efficient, as it heats up the premises much faster.
For some furnace models, an external pump is not necessary, since they have built-in automation that helps maintain the desired temperature in the circuit. When heating the coolant to set temperature, the automation stops the circulation, and when it cools down, it starts again its movement through the heat exchanger built into the furnace.
Prices for popular water circuit ovens
Furnaces with a water circuit
The firebox in this stove, as a rule, has a design designed for long-term burning - this allows you to make a large laying of firewood and not come to the device for a long enough time. since not only the firewood itself will burn, but also the combustion products that rise to the upper section of the fuel chamber. Thanks to this system, the combustion of solid fuel is not intense, so one bookmark is enough for a long time, so that the house is completely heated.
The Pechora-Aqua stove-fireplace, made in Belarus, has a built-in water circuit and a long-burning design.
The furnace of the device is made of heat-resistant steel with a thickness of 4 mm. In addition, the fuel chamber is lined from the inside with chamotte plates, which protect the metal from burning out, which increases the service life of the device. All connections of individual elements into one structure are sealed with a heat-resistant cord, which prevents heat leakage through the joints.
Scheme and dimensions of the stove - fireplace "Pechora-Aqua"
Heat-resistant glass is installed on the furnace firebox, which can withstand temperatures of 650 ÷ 700 degrees, but the handle installed in the door does not heat up to a level that can cause skin burns.
In these devices, as well as in models with a water circuit, staged combustion of fuel is carried out, so the rooms will be heated much longer than when installing a stove with a simple firebox design.
The first release of heat occurs directly during the combustion of the firewood laid in the stove. A special mode of dosed oxygen supply only causes wood to smolder with the release of pyrolysis gases from it. These gases include hot hydrocarbon components that are burned out in the second chamber - this is where the most intense release of useful heat occurs.
Long burning oven prices
long burning ovens
The special design of the device, a well-thought-out system of air supply, passage and afterburning of hot combustion products, allow one firewood to heat the room for nine - twelve hours.
Long burning fireplace stove "Volga"
As an example, you can consider the domestic Volga fireplace stove, which has a large combustion chamber and a retractable ash pan. The stove is equipped with a glass door and transparent windows permanently installed around it, which expands the view of the flame burning inside the stove.
Dimensions and layout of the Volga fireplace stove
In the lower part of the oven there is a niche for drying and storing firewood, and in the upper part there is a panel for heating coffee or tea.
With its compact size, it has quite high technical indicators:
| Description of characteristics | The values |
|---|---|
| Thermal power | 9 kWt |
| Hob | absent |
| Chimney diameter | 150 mm |
| Construction height | 1022 mm |
| Width | 550 mm |
| Furnace depth | 490 mm |
| Appliance weight | 155 kg |
| Efficiency | Up to 85% |
Heating and cooking metal stove
Talking about metal wood stoves, one cannot fail to mention heating and cooking models, since they fully provide a private house with heat and the possibility of cooking. These devices are available with or without a water circuit.
Visually evaluating this option, one can understand that the stove is quite compact and aesthetic, thanks to the design and color scheme developed for it. It will perfectly fit into the interior of the kitchen, bring a special style of comfort and home warmth into it.
The stove is multifunctional, therefore, it will solve many problems of a private house. Since it is equipped with an oven, it becomes possible to bake a cake or bread, prepare stews. The cooker will perfectly replace the gas or electric one - it will never fail if there is a good supply of firewood. will work autonomously, regardless of whether there is electricity, or it was turned off for some reason.
As an example of a heating and cooking option, you can consider the "La Nordica" oven, shown in the photo.
This heater has a built-in water circuit in its design, so it can easily heat not only one room, but the whole house. In addition, the furnace is equipped with a pyrolysis afterburner chamber, which will allow using one firewood for 8-12 hours. The installation of fireclay plates on the walls of the furnace also contributes to the preservation of heat inside the case - they, when heated, will also give off thermal energy into the heat exchanger. which means it is good to heat a house with a volume of up to 440 m³.
Provided in the design and a niche for drying firewood. Having put one batch of fuel in the firebox, the niche can be immediately filled with firewood brought in from the street woodpile. While the fuel burning in the stove will heat the house for half a day, the next batch will dry and be prepared for the next laying.
The technical characteristics of this heating and cooking oven are in the table:
| Description of characteristics | The values |
|---|---|
| Heating capacity of the furnace | 15.5 ÷ 19.4 kW |
| Water heating power | 9 ÷ 11 kW |
| Heating power | 6.5 ÷ 8.5 kW |
| Hob | Equipped with one hotplate |
| Chimney diameter | 150 mm |
| Construction height | 852 mm |
| Width | 1017 mm |
| Furnace depth | 662 mm |
| Appliance weight | 155 kg |
| Efficiency | Up to 79 ÷ 80% |
| Heat exchanger volume | 14 liters |
| Operating temperature of the coolant entering the circuit. | 70 ÷ 75 degrees |
| Furnace size | 265 x 285 x 400 mm |
| Oven size | 330 × 300 × 410 mm |
| Door size | 220 × 265 mm |
Furnace body finished ceramic slabs, but there are models with a finish from natural stone... The device itself is made of high quality steel, and the frames and heat exchanger plates are made of cast iron.
The design of this furnace provides for the regulation of primary and secondary air.
Video - Installation of the Bavaria fireplace stove
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Brick ovens
Brick kilns have not lost their popularity for centuries. Recently, a large number of various models have appeared, which are designed for heating rooms of various areas. For example, several options will be considered.
Oven "Baby"
This stove model is perfect for a private country house. Its author, V. Atamas, completed the laying of this "baby" in just one day. Despite its small dimensions, the stove will not only be able to heat the room, but also make it possible to cook lunch or warm water, since it is equipped with a single-burner hob. Its important advantage is that it, without taking up a large space, gives off enough heat into the room, which allows the house to warm up in a short time.
Small in size, the "baby" has good functionality
An important point in the process of erecting the "baby" is that after the completion of the masonry, one brick is removed from its back wall from the lowest row. Through the resulting gap, the solution and moisture that have fallen to the bottom of the furnace are removed from the inside of the structure, and after that the brick is set in place.
Folded "baby"
Having built a stove, they lay in front of its firebox a metal sheet, which should be found on the bricks of the building up to the blower door - for this, the sheet will need to be bent. On all other sides, the stove is sheathed with a skirting board. All these measures are done so that when the solution dries and the pressure of the entire body on its lower layer, sand does not spill out of it.
After that, a test fire is carried out with straw or paper. Further, the oven must be well dried by opening all the latches and doors - this process takes 7–8 days.
It is recommended to whitewash the stove immediately, since the whitewash will become an indicator of smoke, which can seep through the seams if they are not made of very high quality. Black stripes will appear on the white surface, extending upward from the seam. If such manifestations have formed, then the seam in this place will need to be cleaned and carefully repaired again.
Complete plastering and decorative trim carried out after the operation of the furnace for two to three months.
Baby cuts
The chimney of the "baby" can be connected to an already built root pipe, if the house already has another stove. In its absence, the pipe will have to be completely laid out of bricks and led through the attic floor and the roof. Another option could be the built-in metal pipe that can be passed through a roof or wall.
Characteristics of the "baby" oven:
| Description of characteristics | The values |
|---|---|
| Heat output | 1210 Wt |
| Hob | single-burner |
| Chimney passage size | 100 × 100 mm |
| Height of structure to pipe | 725 mm |
| Width | 505 mm |
| Furnace depth | 737 mm |
| Furnace weight | 360 ÷ 370 kg |
| Efficiency | up to 70 ÷ 75% |
To build a "baby" you need to prepare the following materials:
| Item name | Dimensions in mm | Quantity in pcs. |
|---|---|---|
| Red brick | - | 62 |
| Fireclay brick SHA-8 | - | 37 |
| Cast iron furnace door | 210 × 250 | 1 |
| Cast iron blower door | 140 × 140 | 1 |
| 350 × 200 | 1 | |
| 410 × 340 | 1 | |
| Chimney damper | 130 × 250 | 1 |
| 500 × 700 | 1 |
Some craftsmen modernize the "baby" by adding additional useful elements to the design, for example, a hot water tank or an oven.
"Baby", supplemented by a water tank
Oven "Krokha"
Another option for a compact stove for a private residential building is the "crumb" stove, which can be a good help not only in a country house summer period but also in winter.
Oven "crumb" - great option for confined spaces
Unfortunately, not only damp and cold weather can be found in the country in spring and autumn, but in summer it is not uncommon. It is then that the stove becomes an indispensable assistant, which will not allow dampness to penetrate into the premises of the house, create comfortable conditions in order to wait out the rainy period.
The oven "crumb" is often called "simpleton", since it does not have complex design, and it is quite possible to try to build it, even in the absence of experience in the role of a bricklayer. It will not take up much space, but it will be very useful.
The designer of this oven is A. Sushkov, who decided to combine compactness and functionality in it. Therefore, the "crumb" is suitable not only for a summer residence, but also for a house used for housing all year round, as an additional heating device. Of course, one such stove cannot heat a large area, but two small rooms it will heat easily, as it is designed for 19 ÷ 20 sq. m. area of the house.
"Kroha" has the following technical characteristics:
| Description of characteristics | The values |
|---|---|
| Heat output with a disposable firebox | 1760 Wt |
| With a three-time firebox | 2940 Wt |
| Hob | single-burner |
| Chimney passage size | 100 × 100 mm |
| Height of structure to pipe | 2030 mm |
| Width and length at base | 640 × 770 mm or 3 × 2.5 bricks |
| Furnace depth | 746 mm |
| Furnace weight | 1260 ÷ 1280 kg |
| Efficiency | Up to 70 ÷ 75% |
When the stove is fired, its lower section warms up well, and the upper part, the "cap", slows down the cooling of the stove. In addition, the design has a "summer" course, which facilitates kindling and allows you to operate the oven for cooking without heating the premises.
The stove is designed in three versions, but the third, improved one, is used most often.
The basic scheme of the improved "crumbs"
In this version of the oven, the hob and combustion chamber are located on one side of the structure - at the end. The firebox is lined with fireclay fire-resistant bricks, which guarantees durability operation of the furnace without repair. In addition, this version of the bed allows you to use peat, briquettes as fuel, in addition to firewood, and even add coal.
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The lower row under the slab is made protruding by 30 mm. It is laid out along the entire perimeter of the structure - it seems to divide the furnace into two parts - fuel and air-gas. In the upper part there are channels through which heated air circulates.
This version of the "crumbs" is equipped with a door with fire-resistant glass, which allows you to use the stove as a fireplace - this is especially convenient if the house has a small area, and it is impossible to install a massive structure of a full-fledged fireplace stove in it.
For laying the "crumb" oven, you need to prepare the following elements and materials:
| Item name | Dimensions in mm | Quantity in pcs. |
|---|---|---|
| - | 352 | |
| - including curly (rounded) | - | 124 |
| Fireclay brick SHA-8 | - | 21 |
| Glass furnace door in cast iron frame (DP-308-1S) | 210 × 250 | 1 |
| Cast iron blower door | 140 × 140 | 1 |
| Cast iron grate | 350 × 250 | 1 |
| Single burner cast iron plate | 410 × 340 | 1 |
| Chimney damper | 130 × 250 | 1 |
| Metal sheet for flooring in front of the firebox | 500 × 700 | 1 |
| Steel corner | 40 × 40 × 5 × 520 | 4 |
The design and arrangement of another, completely miniature heating stove- in the presented video:
Video: small-sized heating brick stove
Stove "Shvedka"
"Swede" can be called the most beloved option for installation, since it is equipped not only with a hob, but also with an oven. Having such a design, the necessary supply of fuel for it and the necessary products, you can spend the winter, as they say, without even leaving the house - the oven will feed and heat.
Swedish ovens are distinguished by increased versatility
The presented Swedish stove is designed to heat a house area of 45 m². Its main characteristics are in the table:
| Description of characteristics | The values |
|---|---|
| Heat output with a two-time firebox | 4600 Wt |
| Hob | Two-burner or without burners |
| Chimney passage size | 100 × 250 mm |
| Height of structure to pipe | 2017 mm |
| Width and length at base | 1280 × 890 mm or 3.5 × 5 bricks |
| Furnace depth | 500 mm |
| Furnace weight | 2900 ÷ 2920 kg |
| Efficiency | up to 70 ÷ 75% |
Lining fireclay bricks is carried out around the oven and fuel chamber, but it is not connected to the main walls of the stove. "Dry" seams are arranged for the possibility of expansion of materials at temperature extremes. The opening of the cooking chamber can be made in the form of an arch or have a rectangular shape - this will depend on the desire of the master, since this element does not play a big role in the efficiency of the heater. The arched design of the chamber is more complex, and for its removal you will need a special wooden template and 17 bricks, which are given a special shape.
The scheme of the oven - "Swedish"
To build this version of the "Swedish" you need to prepare:
| Item name | Dimensions in mm | Quantity in pcs. |
|---|---|---|
| Red brick (no chimney) | - | 755 |
| Fireclay brick SHA-8 | - | 63 |
| Cast iron furnace door or equipped with fire-resistant glass DTG-3 "Kami" | 210 × 250 | 1 |
| Cast iron blower door | 140 × 250 | 1 |
| Cast iron cleaning door | 140 × 140 | 5 |
| Cast iron grate | 252 × 250 | 1 |
| Cast iron stove without burners or with two burners | 410 × 710 | 1 |
| Oven | 310 × 262 × 500 | 1 |
| Chimney valves: | ||
| - "summer mode" | 130 × 250 | 1 |
| - cooking chamber | 130 × 130 | 1 |
| - stove chimney | 130 × 250 | 1 |
| Metal sheet for flooring in front of the firebox | 500 × 700 | 1 |
| Steel corner | 40 × 40 × 4 × 880 | 2 |
In any case, if preference is given to a brick heating structure, then you should clearly follow the recommendations for its laying, as well as strictly follow the "order" scheme, which will need to be found specifically for the selected furnace model.
Stove heating has been used for centuries to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature. But even in such a traditional method of heat supply, new modern technologies... Most often, furnaces are used in those places where the possibility of connecting to a gas pipeline is excluded. Although, even in the presence of gas, this type of heating can be used as a backup or additional option.
How to make stove heating correctly so that it functions with maximum heat transfer?
An ordinary brick stove implies the presence of a firebox, an ash pan, a chimney system. It is thanks to the last element that the room heats up, since the gases pass through complex channels and give up their heat to the brick.
However, if the area of your house is too large, then this heating system will not be very effective. Therefore, today, heat exchangers are often installed inside the furnace, which heat water, air or generate steam. Thanks to such a system, the efficiency of the heating structure is significantly increased, which contributes to an increase in the heating area in the building with the same amount of fuel used.
Types of heat supply using a brick oven
After realizing the effectiveness of stove heating, you can work on the right choice method of heating the building. For this purpose, are used standard schemes heat supply from the stove with the difference that the boiler will replace the traditional brick construction.
Important! Before choosing the type of heat supply, you need to decide on the area that you are going to heat. This is the main selection criterion.
The fact is that using this criterion, one can easily calculate the maximum cooling rate of the coolant when it passes through the transport highway. Considering this factor, we can confidently speak about the choice of the type of room heating using a stove. Therefore, most often they use:
- water;
- air;
- steam heating.
And now in more detail.
Water heating method
The main element for such heating is the heat exchanger.
Its function: transfer of heat to the water in the system, which is formed as a result of the combustion of fuel: wood, coal, briquettes, etc. Usually it is made by hand, since it does not exist. uniform standard furnace chambers. For this purpose, heat-resistant steel (thickness ≥ 2 mm) is used.
Behind the design, such water ovens are different. The main thing is to ensure the maximum contact of the combustion zone of fuel materials with the heat exchanger. One of the most effective is the U-shape of the heat exchanger.
Considering specific heat, other physical characteristics the most popular option is steel construction. Before welding, it is necessary to complete the drawing of the heat exchanger, taking into account the following conditions:
- the dimensions of the fuel chamber must be identical to the internal dimensions of the device;
- if the line is open, then for its installation use pipes with a diameter of 40 mm, and if closed, then 32 mm;
- the heat exchanger must be installed during the construction of the furnace. If you want to use the old stove structure, you still have to disassemble it so that you can access the combustion chamber.
Advice! To ensure an even distribution of heat over all radiators, as well as in order to exclude possible overheating of the coolant, it is best to install circulation pump.
In order that the wiring of the batteries does not provide much trouble, it is best to place the stove with the presence of a water circuit against the wall. In addition, an indispensable element of such a heating system is expansion tank.
If the heating circuit, tank, and other elements are welded at a high technical level, the circuit is always filled with water, and the circulation pump works flawlessly, then the water heating system will not only be very efficient, but also completely safe.
Air
If chimney ducts with the maximum allowable area are made in the stove, then this option will provide high-quality heating of the room. It should be noted right away that only a small room can be heated in this way.
Alternatively, install a heat exchanger similar to a fireplace heat supply. This requires a sealed structure, in which the air will be heated in a natural circulation way, and the air itself will be supplied by special transport channels.
Although, in practice, the creation of this type of heating is not entirely simple. This is due to the fact that a significant part of the top is intended for the chimney. And allow air to come into contact with carbon monoxide no way. Plus, efficient air heating is possible with a large chamber. In addition, the disadvantages of the design include:
- a ban on the use of an old stove;
- the dimensions of the underwater channels, which must be at least 100 mm in diameter, which causes some difficulties in their installation in the furnace;
- the need to install fans on the ducts: so that such heating is highly efficient.
Therefore, this type of heating is rarely practiced.
Possible air duct layouts
Steam
To create steam heating from the stove, you need to stock up on special equipment, since the water must be heated above 100⁰С.
Usually, a factory steam boiler is used for such purposes, the temperature in which is controlled by a whole group of devices.
Hot steam generated in the heat exchanger is fed into the pipeline air pump... Water flows automatically, depending on the drop in its pressure.
The main problem in implementing such a project is the presence of a very powerful combustion chamber. In addition, when creating a structure for steam heating, it is necessary to ensure that all equipment is located next to the heat exchanger, which is not so easy. Plus, it excludes the possibility of using a mechanism with which it was possible to regulate the supply of coolant to the system.
Considering all the pros and cons, we can conclude that the best option for heating with a stove is water heating which remains the easiest to install, maintain, and the most efficient in terms of heat dissipation.
Pros and cons of stove heating
Stove heating is different:
- reliability;
- financial availability;
- economy, which is expressed in the possibility of relatively cheap purchase of solid fuels;
- ease of operation and maintenance. That is, even if small problems arise, you can solve them yourself, without involving specialists.
In addition, stove heating can be installed in a house located in any area, since such heating device does not require special communications.
Although heating is also characterized by some negative points:
- long heating time of the furnace, heat carrier, and, at the same time, the room;
- low efficiency of brick construction;
- the building occupies a large area;
- during the functioning of the structure, it is necessary to keep an eye on it all the time, since it is necessary to add fuel to the furnace.
Advice! In order to increase the efficiency, it is recommended that the ducts are long, which will allow the heat to stay inside the furnace for a longer time, and the chimney itself should be high.
Cast iron stove with a water circuit
There are also cast iron stoves equipped with a water circuit. As a rule, such structures are prefabricated and produced in different capacities. They are intended for heating buildings with different areas. There are units capable of heating 2 and even 3-storey buildings.
Today, combined cast iron structures are produced. This means that they are electrically heated, which switches on automatically when the right moment when the temperature of coal, wood or other fuel decreases. Thanks to this combined function, the stove always keeps the heating system within the required temperature range.
The cast iron design can also be 2-contour. This means that in addition to heat, the device provides for heating water, which is very convenient.
Compliance with fire regulations
Combustible structures must be reliably protected from stoves and chimneys. The presence of fire-prevention indentations and divisions helps in this.
The retreat provides fire structure, which is able to protect the combustible surface from incandescent stoves, chimneys.
That is, this is nothing more than a set of necessary measures, as well as a set of distances, the maintenance of which ensures the protection of the combustible elements of the room.
Cutting is understood as a fire-fighting structure, due to which non-combustible spaces are formed, which appear in cases of intersection of the combustible elements of the room. For example, when a chimney passes through a ceiling or wall, it must be insulated in this way in order to protect the combustible part of the structure from possible ignition.
- use non-combustible materials;
- adhere to the standards for the required distances from the stove to the combustible structures of the house;
- reliably insulate the stove surface from closely spaced walls, interfloor floors, etc.;
- apply shielding. This means that it is necessary to use fireproof partitions and screens to protect parts of the house from intense infrared radiation;
Important! The screen will help if other protection methods are used in parallel in the form of ventilated gaps, distances, heat dissipation.
- use the heat dissipation method. The essence of the method: it is necessary to install a vertical steel plate inside the groove, which will help to "take" some of the heat onto itself and, thus, reduce its internal temperature. There are times when, after the end of the furnace, ignition occurs, for example, of a wooden structure, since all the heat accumulated inside the alteration, and there was no steel plate;
- provide the structure with ventilated gaps, which will help to reduce the temperature indicators.
Stove heating is still relevant today. If you can build a stove, it means that the house will be warm, regardless of the weather outside. You just have to stock up on fuel. And that's all. Even those owners who use gas for heating do not part with a brick or cast iron structure. After all, a stove, especially on wood, radiates not only heat, but also creates a special atmosphere and coziness in the whole house, which we sometimes lack so much.
Stove heating of a private house is still popular in many regions of the country. Previously, several ovens were installed in different rooms for better heating. But in this case, a large amount of solid fuel is consumed. Currently developed many modern designs ovens with different kinds heating. It remains only to choose an option that is acceptable for yourself.
Create cozy atmosphere in your home using stove heating
System selection for heating
A small, well-insulated house, in which there are 1-2 rooms, can be heated with one heating and cooking stove made of bricks. For a larger building, you should decide what kind of heating system to choose so that one stove heats the whole house. For this, steam, water or air circuits can be used. In a one-story building, the system can be connected to a brick stove. For a two- or three-story house, the best option is a boiler stove made of cast iron.
Heating a house without gas:
You should decide on the type of fuel. It can be wood, coal, peat, gas, diesel fuel, electricity. It depends on this choice what kind of stove to buy or make it yourself.
Brick oven
The stove is not only a home heating device, but also an element of decor V small house you can install one stove, which requires firewood or coal. Modern stove heating of a private house provides for many types of heating structures. You should choose one so that it is intended not only for heating the room, but also for cooking. Before installing the oven, you need to find a suitable place to use it as efficiently as possible:
- The firebox should be directed towards the corridor or kitchen, and the heated surfaces - towards the rooms. When designing a stove, you should know that 1 m² of its area heats up to 30 m² of the room.
- You can not put furniture near the stove or install partitions, do not build a stove in the corner of the room. Its large wall should go out into the living quarters, then it will be constantly warm in them.
- The design of the stove should be chosen according to its purpose. They are only for heating the room or also for cooking. In this case, one should take into account hob and oven
It should be borne in mind that a large oven cools down much longer. If you heat it well in the evening, then the heat will remain until the morning.
Heating stove:
Furnace construction
The stove structure is erected during the construction of the house, but the foundation is built separately from the general foundation. You can install a stove in an already built house, but then you will need to raise part of the floor and make holes in the ceiling and roof to install the chimney.
Detailed laying of the stove:
The size and depth of the foundation depends on the type of furnace structure. It is erected immediately after the general foundation of the house is made. Under a brick oven, it should be monolithic reinforced concrete, 10-15 cm more than its parameters on each side. It is required to observe the size of the depth - from 0.5 m to 1 m.If the soil is loose, or close to groundwater, it is necessary not to deepen the foundation, but to increase its area.
A well-fired red brick should be used to build the kiln. When tapped, it gives off a metallic sound. If dropped, if it splits, then into large pieces. It is easy to work with it, as it lends itself to the correct break. Areas of the furnace in contact with fire are laid out with refractory bricks (firebox and part of the chimney).
The mortar for the brickwork of the stove is kneaded from clay and sand. You will need about 2 buckets of clay for 1.5 buckets of sand. Brick consumption - 100 pieces. For the strength of the masonry, Portland cement is added to the solution (0.5 liters per bucket).
Detailed laying of the stove:
Heating the room
A well-thought-out design of a stove in a private house predetermines effective heating of the room. Burns in the combustion chamber with air supply solid fuel(usually firewood or coal). Natural draft contributes to the movement of flue gases through the channels to the outgoing vertical ducts, from where they go outside. During this time, they warm up brick walls stoves, and the heat from the hot stone spreads throughout all rooms.
For good heating, 1-2 furnaces a day are enough. At the same time, do not forget to put the valves in a certain position in time and select ash from the blower. Sufficient heat capacity of the stove, good insulation of the house allow you to heat it once a day - this is a fairly common option.
A well-thought-out design of a stove in a private house determines the quality of room heating. Positive and negative characteristics
There are many good things about stove heating, but there are also negative points. Considering the feasibility of such heating, you need to weigh the pros and cons. Positive points:
- The cost of building and maintaining the furnace is several times less than that of furnaces with loop heating systems.
- The heating process does not depend on gas, water, electricity, and firewood is always available to the public and has a reasonable price.
- Since there is no heat transfer fluid, there is no danger of pipe defrosting. Therefore, this type of heating is perfect for summer cottages with non-permanent residence.
- Existence various designs: with a function for cooking, with an oven, drying, fireplace.
Although the stove heating is autonomous, it requires care and attention from the owners. It is necessary to observe safety when heating the room. There are also such disadvantages:
- It takes up a lot of space in the central part of the house (about 2 m²).
- After the furnace structure has completely cooled down, it takes time for it to warm up and spread heat throughout the house.
- Inability to automate processes.
- The need to prepare firewood in advance.
Adjust temperature regime it is possible by increasing the number of fireboxes. For example, instead of one long morning, make two short ones - in the morning and in the evening.
Heating water circuit
A brick stove can heat more area if, during its construction, a heat exchange structure is installed near the firebox. In it, the water heats up and begins to circulate in the heating system, which branches out throughout the house. It is advisable to install a water pump that accelerates the movement of water in the system.
Fireplace with water heating circuit:
The pipes of the heat exchanger are led out from the furnace, a heating system is connected to them, into which water is poured. In this case, water is a heat carrier. Usually, plastic pipes are used to connect to the circuit.
Also, a membrane or expansion tank is built into the heating system. When heated, the water expands, and its excess goes into the tank, while stretching the membrane inside it. The water cools down, the pressure in the system drops, and the water returns back to the circuit pipes.
Air system
Air stove heating at home can also be made on the basis of a brick stove. The air is heated to the required temperature in the boiler or heat exchanger and supplied to the room. Passing through the air ducts or entering the room directly, hot air evenly heats the home. To transfer a larger volume of air, the chamber should be installed above the firebox. Air circulation is provided by fans or due to different densities of hot and cold air. With help forced circulation it is possible to regulate the temperature regime in the rooms.
Air heating:
Steam circuit
Steam can also be used as a heating medium. Many water heating is called steam, confusing one with the other, although there are differences between them. When using steam, the heat transfer is higher, the room warms up much faster. In this case, the pipes are not filled with water, and their diameter is smaller than with water heating, which indicates cost savings. The system starts up faster, even if it has not been running for a long time.
There is also a negative side - this is a short service life. Steam heating is also difficult to regulate; rooms are heated unevenly.
Another unpleasant moment, when pipes and radiators are filled with steam, an unpleasant noise occurs in the system. In addition, the pipes heat up so much that you can get burned by touching them. Therefore, this heating method is recommended for use in utility rooms, garages, warehouses.
Stove heating of a two-story house:
Steel with a simple structure of the firebox
The "Gnome" stove-stove is popular, made of steel, heated with wood or briquettes. Such heating structure is able to warm up the house up to 95 m³. There are several models of this oven: available with removable burners, others have a solid panel built in.
The furnace has two chambers: a furnace and a blower. Doors on the "Gnome" are installed glass or steel. Suitable for collecting ash drawer... The walls and grate are made of high quality steel. Heat-resistant paint is used to cover the body, which protects the metal from corrosion. Due to its compact size, it can be used in small spaces.
Steel oven for home:
Under such a stove-stove, you can not build a foundation, but install it directly on the floor, after placing a sheet of metal (5 mm) in order to fire safety or an asbestos sheet. Its device corresponds vertical connection to the chimney.
The disadvantage of a potbelly stove is that hot air immediately goes into the pipe, therefore, its steel body does not heat up for a long time and cools down quickly. Therefore, to maintain the heat in the room, you will have to heat almost constantly, especially if the house is not sufficiently insulated, and it is winter outside.
The "Gnome" stove-stove is the best option for a country house, when you need to cook food, heat the water, heat the house on cold nights.
Svmaya reliable and economical heating system:
Cast iron with water circuit
Cast iron stoves for heating a private house with a water circuit have different capacities, they are used for heating both small and large areas. Some of them are capable of heating even two- and three-story houses. The heating circuit device system is the same as that of brick ovens. They are made of cast iron.
Some are electrically heated. If the temperature in the firebox drops, the heating is automatically switched on. This function allows you to maintain the required temperature regime in the heating system. There are boiler stoves designed for a two-circuit heating system, that is, in addition to heating the room, they also heat water for consumption.
In our time, there are still many non-gasified streets and villages, so stove heating is still relevant and irreplaceable. The main thing is to have firewood in stock and keep the fire in the stove.
Finnish heating method: