In private houses, residents often install sewage systems with their own hands so that they can live there as comfortably as in a city apartment. However, the townspeople do not even think about how it is located. But to the owners country houses, cottages and summer cottages have to study all the information on the arrangement of life support systems in the house.

To answer the question of how to sew a sewer in a private house, the homeowner turns to the Internet space. In this article we will try to answer him this question.

Tools and materials

For the device of the internal system, pipes of 60-70 millimeters in diameter will be needed, in which all parsing points will be connected to the riser. In addition to pipes, the following items are purchased: various bends, plugs, tees, revisions, adapters, elbows, sealants and fasteners.

The principle of operation of a septic tank of the Biotank type

A sewer riser usually has a larger diameter than other pipes, 100-150 millimeters.

Also useful: a set of wrenches, a hacksaw, measuring instruments and a level.

The riser absorbs all waste from the kitchen, toilet and bath, taking them to a septic tank or other sump.

Tees are used to branch off the main pipe, and adapters are used to connect pipes of different diameters. By means of plugs, openings in pipes that are not used can be closed.

Sewerage types

Sewerage wiring in a private house is divided into internal and external work.

The first include the installation of a fan pipe and a riser, wiring in the bathroom, in the kitchen and other similar rooms.

First of all, in this matter are internal circuit... They think about this even at the planning stage of building a house. If it was decided to create it yourself, then you will need several sheets of graph paper, a ruler and a sharp pencil. Wherein:

• make a plan of the house;
• decide where the riser and plumbing fixtures will be located;
• displays pipes to the riser and fittings on all floors;
• determine the dimensions of the riser and fan pipe;
• calculate the outer part;
• make up its scheme in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN and SNiP.

It is better if the rooms with sewerage are located as close to each other as possible. This will make it easier to equip it. The system can be very diverse and in all houses it has its own.

It should be borne in mind that pipes with a diameter of one hundred to one hundred and ten millimeters should be used. For drains from the kitchen and bathroom, PP and PVC pipes with a diameter of fifty millimeters are used. All turns are made with plastic elbows at an angle of 45 degrees, so that blockage in the pipes is minimized. Pipes made from the above materials are more durable, cheaper and more reliable than cast iron pipes. In addition, the installation of such pipes is much easier.

First, the location of the riser is determined, then further wiring is considered.

The entire part outside the house belongs to the external sewage system. It is also made in different ways, depending on whether people will live there permanently, how much, the number of plumbing fixtures used, the depth of groundwater, the total area, the type of soil and climate.

The sewerage system is installed more than five meters from the house if the drain option is selected, or more than twenty meters with the drainage system. A distance of twenty to fifty meters is maintained to the water intake.

The pipes at the septic tank are insulated so that they do not freeze in winter. Their diameter should be from ten to eleven centimeters and have a slope of up to five millimeters. The drain well is located below the level of the house. Sewers are:

• accumulative - sealed containers for wastewater;
• treatment plants - from deep purification septic tanks.

Let us first consider in more detail the structure of the sewer system inside and its installation, and then the external one: a cesspool and a container, as well as different types septic tanks.

Sewerage device inside the house

During installation, it must be remembered that the drains in the sewer are a liquid mass, consisting of waste and water, and it flows downward sloping. On a horizontal surface, drains will not move. Therefore, all devices must be above the main outlet and drain.

sewerage installation during the construction phase

In this case, plastic pipes are used. When planning to remove them into the wall, you can install one-piece. The plastic will not overgrow inside, corrosion will not appear on it and it will serve for a long time.

Sewerage installation

Installation starts from the farthest point of the main exit. In this case, it is necessary to monitor the slope of the main pipe. It must be mounted so that it fits exactly with the central outlet, and the pipe maintains its outlet angle. Differences in height must not be allowed in it, as this will lead to blockages. You should also provide for the installation of special plugs so that when you open them, you can clear the pipeline from the blockage.

Often the central pipe is concreted. This decision depends on the owner, but before that you need to double-check the installation several times. For reinsurance, you can additionally seal the pipe joints with fiberglass or epoxy glue.

The following rules must be followed before laying sewer pipes in a private house:

• plastic pipes of one hundred and ten millimeters in diameter are used on the main risers;
• all of them are installed with a slight slope towards the septic tank or the exit from the house;
  vertical pipes are installed at an angle of ninety degrees, horizontal bends and tees - at forty-five degrees, and sockets should be directed against the stream;
• when installing the main riser, ventilation must be carried out so as not to be disturbed by an unpleasant odor;
• first they make the riser itself, and then the wiring, all strictly according to a previously prepared scheme;
• the exit of the pipe from the house should be at a depth of half a meter, in otherwise, the pipe must be insulated;
• consider the option in case of need for revision, for example, in case of blockage.

Cesspool or pressurized container

If it is impossible to connect to the central drainage system, you have to build drain hole or, better yet, a septic tank. A hole is being dug five meters from the house and two meters from the fence. The distance to the well should be at least thirty meters.

plastic septic tank at the stage of arrangement and connection

In addition, the sewerage system should not be carried out next to the water supply. The required distance between them is three meters.

This option is the most budgetary, but the unpleasant moment is the smell coming from there. Cleaning the structure won't be fun either.

The material can be reinforced concrete, concrete or brick. It is also important to conduct high-quality sealing so that feces cannot get into the ground.

The bottom is poured with concrete or bitumen. The overlap can be made of wood, but the cover must also be additionally sealed with bitumen.

The drain pipe should be close to the pit to a depth of up to a meter. As it is filled, it is cleaned with a sewage machine.

Instead of a cesspool, you can use an airtight container. Buy or make it yourself. But in this case, you will often need to call the machine for cleaning.

Single and double chamber septic tank

A single-chamber septic tank is somewhat reminiscent of a cesspool. This is a well, at the bottom of which there is rubble, at least thirty centimeters in thickness, and on top there is a layer of coarse sand. Wastewater flows into the well, and then, cleared by 50%, into the soil. But the problem is not being fundamentally solved.

Therefore, with permanent residence in the house of people, a single-chamber septic tank cannot be dispensed with. This option will do also in the case of low groundwater levels. Crushed stone and sand are changed every four to six months.

A two-chamber septic tank is a combination of overflow settling wells and filter wells.

Such a system is very common and consists of one well with a bottom, and the other without a bottom, but with powders. The effluent first falls into one well, where feces and heavy waste fall to the bottom, and fats, on the contrary, float. At the middle level, where clarified water is formed, an overflow pipe is drawn into the second well, which is at a slight slope so that water can easily enter there. Then it cleans up even better, seeping through the rubble and leaving.

As dirt accumulates in the first well, a sewer truck is called for cleaning.

Installation of this option is also possible in the case when groundwater is constantly one meter below the bottom of the location of the second well. In this case, the powder can be changed once every five years.

Septic tank with filtration field

If the owner country house is going to purchase a more serious treatment, then it starts with a septic tank with a filtration field. Its capacity is divided into two, three or more sections, which are connected to each other by overflow pipes.

organization of a septic tank with the outlet of purified water to a nearby reservoir

In the first of them, the effluents settle, in the second, there are anaerobic bacteria that decompose organic matter. Then, through the filters, the water enters the land area, where the soil is cleaned. Thus, the water is purified by eighty percent. The equipment is best installed on sandy or super-sandy ground. In other cases, you will have to specially create an artificial field of rubble and sand. At the end, the water is collected in pipes and discharged into ditches. On the ground in this place, you can plant only a flower bed, but not a vegetable garden or garden.

The system should be installed only if groundwater is found below two and a half meters.

Septic tank with biofilter

Installation of this system is possible even if groundwater is located high. The septic tank consists of a container divided into three to four sections. In the first chamber, the water is settled, then it is decomposed with the help of anaerobic bacteria. In the third, it is separated, and then - in a chamber with a constant flow of air, it is once again decomposed by bacteria. To do this, a pipe is installed in it, which rises fifty centimeters above the ground. Microorganisms are added to the filter, the pipe of which connects the third and fourth sections. This is the filtering field. Only unlike the previous version, it is concentrated and located in a small area inside the septic tank. Cleaning in this case reaches ninety-five percent.

Such water can be safely used for technical needs.

The septic tank is very good for a home where people live permanently. The necessary microorganisms are simply added by draining them into the toilet. However, if you leave your home for a while, the bacteria will die. And again they will be able to actively function only after half a month of continuous stay.

Forced air septic tank

Such a system is an accelerated and natural cleaning carried out by an artificial method. This septic tank will require electricity to run the air pump.

It consists of three interconnected departments. Water from the sewer enters the first section and settles. In the second - in the clarified version, it is mixed with the help of an aeration tank, consisting of plants and microorganisms. Further, in the third settling tank, the deepest cleaning takes place, and the sludge is pumped back into the second chamber.

The system is expensive and requires electricity and permanent living.

General rules

The septic tank should be at a distance of at least five meters from the house, from twenty to fifty meters to the water source and from ten meters to the vegetable garden.

septic tank and drainage system

The house is located eight meters from the filtering wells, twenty-five from the filtering fields, fifty from the aeration plants and three hundred from the drain stations.

The pipes that go to the septic tank are insulated so that they do not freeze in winter. For this purpose, they are wrapped with thermal insulation material and inserted into asbestos-cement pipes. External wiring is performed with pipes with a diameter of up to one hundred and ten millimeters, with a slope of two degrees. Often it is done at five to seven degrees for a reserve. But you need to be especially careful with this, since an excessively large slope can lead to blockages, and a smaller one - to stagnation of drains.

It is best to lay pipes without turns or corners. On internal wiring enough fifty millimeters in diameter. If there is more than one floor and if there are bathtubs at the top, the riser should be two hundred millimeters in diameter.

When deciding to install the sewer on your own, it is imperative to study SanPin and SNiP. In order not to spoil relations with neighbors, initially you need to focus on finding their water sources and structures.

In no case should you start installation if a sewage project has not been drawn up and calculated. Everything is done exactly here. It is best to entrust this work to specialists who will create a working project, taking into account every detail of the structure, its location, operation and climatic conditions.

At high level underground water drainage can be installed in the form of a sealed container for the accumulation of waste, an aeration station or a septic tank with a biofilter.

It is not difficult to carry out the sewage system in a private house yourself. It is necessary to dilute the pipes for collecting drains from various sources, connect them in a manifold and lead through the base or under it to the septic tank. You can also do outdoor work with your own hands. But sometimes it is better to resort to the help of an escalator.

Any private house without a connection to a central water supply and sewerage system does not provide an opportunity to enjoy such benefits of civilization as a bath, shower, sink in the kitchen, Washer and much more.

Sewerage in a private house can be equipped in different ways. This will be discussed in this article.

Owners of private houses without a sewage system are forced to lay it on their own. If the system was originally incorporated into the project, then there will be no problems.

V finished house turning on the circuit is much more difficult.

The easiest option is if the sink and shower are in the house, and the toilet is located nearby. In this case, you only need to bring the pipes to the drain pit.

When the toilet is located inside, the technology should be followed. Even a slight violation of it can lead to contamination of the site and water. Septic tanks are required in this version.

Utility rooms are to be made nearby (bathroom, toilet, kitchen). It will greatly facilitate the organization of the sewerage system.

How to choose a sewerage scheme

To create a diagram, you will need to answer a few questions.

1. Permanent or temporary residence?
2. At what level is the groundwater?
3. The number of people living in the house?
4. The amount of water consumed?
5. Climate?
6. Land area?
7. Features of the soil?
8. SNiP (building codes and regulations)?

Sewerage systems are divided into two types:

• accumulative;
• cleansing.

A cesspool is rarely used in construction. It is used for houses with temporary residence, where there is no high water consumption.

Groundwater should run no higher than a meter from the bottom of the pit. Otherwise, pollution is assured.

The accumulation system is used in private houses with a high level of groundwater. Due to the tightness of the structure, there is no risk of contamination of the site and water.

Disadvantages of this system. Calling the sewers and you will have to allocate a place for the equipment to enter the site.

Types of sewerage in a private house. Features of septic tanks

Single chamber septic tanks functionality similar to cesspool.

This option is well suited where the groundwater does not run high.

If the house is permanently resident and a lot of water is used, it is not recommended to install a single-chamber septic tank.

In order for the two-chamber septic tank to function efficiently, the natural filter (crushed stone and sand) should be changed every 5 years.

In houses with permanent residence, septic tanks with biological filters are considered the best sewerage system. They use microorganisms that facilitate the recycling of waste products. Usually these organisms are simply poured into the toilet.

The type of this sewage system requires connection to the electrical network.

Biological and soil cleaning is carried out septic tanks with filtration field... Such a sewerage system can be installed only if the groundwater is deeper than three meters.

Installation will take up a lot of space. The nearest water source is at least 30 meters away.

Systems with forced air supply (aerotanks) offer significant advantages and fully justify the costs.

After installation, it is necessary to be connected to the mains and constantly monitored by a person.

How to make a sewer with your own hands

Construction must take place according to an approved project. The project must have a scheme of internal and external sewerage wiring.

The internal sewerage system consists of risers, a highway and a plumbing connection area (bath, sink, toilet, shower).

This system ends at the foundation level in the form of an outlet.

Arrangement of an external sewage system with your own hands, implies a diagram of a site with an external pipeline, storage or purification equipment.

After the approval of the project, you should proceed to the acquisition of the necessary equipment and select a sewer collector.

When building, rely on SNiP - this will help to avoid mistakes and correctly carry out the sewerage system in a private house.

Seat selection

An important issue in the construction of a sewage system is the choice of a place for a septic tank. Its location depends on:

Soil with big amount sand is loose, moisture easily permeable, there is a high probability of contamination of groundwater.

When installing septic tanks, it is necessary to comply with the norms.

1. Distance from home from 5 meters
2. Distance from the water source from 30 meters
3. Distance from green spaces from 3 meters.

It is necessary to leave the entrance for the sewage equipment.

Internal sewerage

In the diagram internal sewerage it is necessary to select all points of the system.

If 90-degree turns are unavoidable, build it from two 45-degree angles.

Preparing for installation

Installation of external sewerage

The sump should be cleaned every 2-3 years.

How to lay pipes correctly

A line is laid from the sewer pipe that comes out of the foundation to the septic tank. The installation of the pipeline is done at a mandatory slope, which will ensure the gravity of the liquid. The angle standard is 2 degrees.

The wider the pipe diameter, the smaller the angle of inclination.

The depth of the sewer installation in a private house is determined by the indicator of soil freezing. On average, it is 1 meter. In colder regions, the depth should be increased to 1.5m. Before installation, the bottom of the trench is filled with sand and compacted well. This will help to protect the line from destruction when the soil is displaced.

The ideal option is a direct pipeline from the house to the collector. For outdoor sewerage, pipes made of cast iron or plastic with a diameter of 110 mm are suitable.

The joints must be sealed. The trench with the pipeline is covered with sand, and then with soil.

Sewerage without pumping

This system usually consists of three sections. Two of which are completely sealed (first and second sections). In the first section, heavy waste is deposited. In the second, light particles settle. In the third, the water is completely purified and enters the drainage well.

Such a system needs to be pumped out, but much less frequently than a conventional septic tank. Cleaning is carried out with a special pump for sewage.

When the sludge reaches the overflow point, cleaning is required.

To optimally choose the volume of a septic tank without pumping out, the formula is applied:

200l multiplied by the number of people, add 20% to the result.

A sewage system made in a private house with your own hands is, of course, the pride of the owner. Although it is quite possible to order a turnkey project, and then the installation will be performed correctly by high-level specialists. Indeed, in addition to sewerage, a water supply system is required, which is not an easy task to lay.

• 1 Why do you need sewerage for a private house
  • 1.1 Factors affecting the choice of the type of sewage in a private house
• 2 Types
  • 2.1 Water supply
  • 2.2 Choosing a location for the sewer system

Why do you need a sewage system for a private house

Few of those who live in an apartment have a question about the need for a sewage system or a water supply system. Their installation was carried out a long time ago; this is a natural thing for an apartment.

But not every private house can boast of having the same water supply and sewerage system as in multi-storey city apartments. Therefore, the laying of sewers in a private house is often done independently.

Why is it needed? It's simple. Sewerage and water supply system gives comfort, coziness, provides a person with the benefits of civilization.

If you put these systems into a private house construction project, then there should be no problems. It is much more difficult if the sewerage and water supply scheme is installed in an already built house.

The project of the future sewerage system can be carried out according to two schemes:

• Inside the building there is a shower and a sink, and the toilet is outside. Such a project is quite simple, since it dispenses with the complex laying of the pipeline and treatment facilities. The sewage pipe is removed from the house, a simple waste treatment system is created on the site, that is, a sewer pit;
• Sink, shower and toilet inside. Here, the wastewater treatment system is required more complicated so as not to pollute with waste. own plot and water near him. You will definitely need a septic tank.

Factors affecting the choice of the type of sewage in a private house

Pay attention to several important factors that will allow you to correctly select a sewer system for a private house, use a suitable project to create water supply and drainage:

• The house is used for temporary or permanent residence;
• The number of people regularly living in the house;
• Daily indicator of water consumption, taking into account all consumers (taps, shower, toilet, washing machine, dishwasher, etc.);
• Groundwater level;
• The size of the site, which determines the available space for the cleaning system;
• Soil type, its structure;
• Climatic features;
• SNIP requirements.

Views

In general, all sewerage systems can be divided into just two types:

• Accumulative;
• Wastewater treatment systems.

But it would be correct to consider a more detailed classification, since the difference between the same type of sewage and water supply systems can be significant.

1. Cesspools without a bottom. Such a sewerage system for a private house is relevant only if it is used for 5-6 days a month, without consuming a large amount of water. The groundwater level should be about a meter below the pit, otherwise water pollution cannot be avoided. An unpopular option today.
2. Accumulative sealed containers. An option to solve the problem of high groundwater levels. The soil is protected from contamination. But there is a drawback - you will often have to call the pumping machine. And for this, the place is calculated correctly so that the car can easily drive up and pump out the waste.
3. Single-chamber septic tanks. The simplest soil cleaning option, which is not much different from a cesspool. If people permanently live in the house and actively use water, it is not recommended to choose such a project. This is a temporary residence system where the water table is low.
4. Two-chamber septic tanks. Such a project is allowed for implementation only if the depth of the groundwater allows, even during a flood, to be 1 meter lower than the bottom of the second tank. Approximately every 5 years, the crushed stone and sand used for installation must be changed.
5. Septic tank equipped with a filtration field. This system includes biological and soil treatment at the same time. The container is divided into two sections. It is allowed to install such a sewage system when groundwater is at a level of 2.5-3 meters at least. It requires a fairly large free area, it is located at least 30 meters from the nearest water sources and neighboring buildings.
6. Septic tanks with biofilters. Almost best circuit for private houses with permanent residents. Special microorganisms are added by simply pouring them into the toilet. There are no particular restrictions, but an electrical connection is required.
7. Forced air systems. The so-called aerotanks, which are expensive, but in many ways justify the investment. They have no installation restrictions, but they require permanent residence of people and a source of electricity. The minimum price of the system is about 4 thousand dollars.

Water supply

In many ways, one or another sewage project can be implemented based on the water supply system. If there are problems with it, it will be difficult to create an efficient drainage system.

Many people prefer to use concrete rings to create wells, wells. The installation of concrete rings is carried out by specialists using the appropriate equipment and technology.

First, develop a water supply project, which will allow you to decide what kind of sewage system will be on your site.

The laying of concrete rings, the depth of which depends on the occurrence of groundwater, is trusted on a turnkey basis. Turnkey work is the most profitable and rational. It is unlikely that it will be possible to organize the well independently.

In some situations, it is possible to avoid the use of concrete rings - a centralized water supply system is connected to a private house. This is not uncommon today. But it is important to note that your own well has its own advantages:

• This is your individual source of water;
• Ordering a turnkey project for drilling a well and laying concrete rings is not as expensive as it seems at first glance;
• The quality of water from the well is much higher than that supplied through the polluted pipes of the centralized system;
• The task of concrete rings is not only to shape and maintain the shape of the well, but also to keep the water clean;
• It is not difficult to connect a pump to a well. Through it, water will flow into your home, ensure the operation of the entire water supply and sewerage system.

Choosing a place for the sewer system

We figured out that organizing a turnkey well and installing concrete rings is a profitable solution for a private house and creating a water supply.

Since sewerage and water supply are two inextricably linked systems, it is extremely important to choose the right place for the location of the first one.

By choosing a suitable site, you will ensure the sewage system is more efficient and safe work... You need to focus not only on SNIP, but also some other nuances:

1. The slope of the land. The drain will drain faster and not create blockages if you make a slope. It is also reasonable to use the unevenness of the site itself for this.
2. Despite the types of systems, each sewage scheme provides for periodic pumping of waste. Some require ongoing measures to recover the effluent. Therefore, consider the possibility for a convenient access of the flusher so that he does not harm the site, but at the same time calmly drives up to the hatch.
3. Locate the system away from residential buildings, buildings, fences and water supply systems. The protection of the concrete rings will definitely not be enough to prevent waste seeping through the soil.

Who knows, you may be able to do without rings, organize a simple sewage system and spend a minimum of effort and money. Some projects are necessarily completed on a turnkey basis, since it is simply impossible to implement it with your own hands.

If you are going to call the masters, make sure that they are professionals in their field. Complex sewer equipment needs experienced hands during installation and also requires users to adhere to certain rules exploitation. Only in this way the sewerage and water supply system will work for a long time and efficiently.

Ensuring comfort and quality life in country house is an important point for any owner of such a building. One of the factors that make it possible to ensure a comfortable life is the convenience of the outflow of used water and waste products. Correctly calculated at the design stage and subsequently correctly built sewerage in a private house will be a pledge long-term operation, which will not cause any problems. You can create such a design with your own hands if you approach the issue with the utmost responsibility.

Primary requirements

In order to avoid any problems in the process of creating a sewer in own home, it is best to follow as much as possible in this process all the requirements and standards that are painted in regulatory documents- SNiP. In this case, everything will definitely function flawlessly for a long period of time.

In any building where a water supply is laid and there is a water intake, a system must be installed that will remove the waste masses. Drainage mechanisms should be established at the sites as well. In general, such a network will be able not only to ensure a comfortable life, but also not harm the environment, and will also significantly increase the time of using the building.

Typically, the sewerage system consists of the following systems:

• stormwater that drains water;
• outdoor;
• internal.

They must be laid in such a way that the various construction sanitary requirements for the sewage system in your own home are met.

These requirements include:

• ensuring normal cleansing;
• no risk of flooding the building;
• ensuring the required volume Wastewater;
• tight accumulation and transportation of waste water.

If we talk about the requirements for internal systems of this type, then they should consist of the following elements:

• the riser to which all pipes are attached;
• dilution of pipes, which pumps waste water in the direction of the riser;
• plumbing fixtures for drainage.

According to the norms, in the mechanism, part of which is located in the building, there must be enough space for free transportation of liquid from the places where the drain is carried out to the pipes that carry out the output outside the building. When laying sewers inside a building, pipes made of cast iron or some kind of polymers are used. At the outlet, the size of such a pipe should be 11 centimeters. Naturally, this mechanism must also have ventilation. Usually it is passed through the riser. Above each element, an exhaust place is made that overlooks the roof.

If we talk about the project of external systems, then its creation is carried out taking into account the requirements prescribed in SNiP No. 2.04.03-85.

According to this regulatory document, the following points should be taken into account:

• wells should be installed in the mechanism for maintenance and cleaning;
• for the purification of effluents, a plant using biological methods is needed;
• if we are talking about a gravity network, then they use polymer, ceramic or asbestos-cement pipes;
• pipes that are located outside the boundaries of the building should be about fifteen centimeters in diameter and laid at the level of ten to twelve centimeters;
• if the building has few floors, then several houses can be combined into a single network;
• if it is impossible to arrange a gravity system, then it is better to make a choice in favor of a pressure sewage system.

One more important point- design selection. This is really important when designing an autonomous sewer network.

There can be three options for septic tanks that are used:

• aerotanks;
• storage septic tank;
• treatment plant.

Now let's say a little more about them. Aeration tanks are the latest solutions using several cleaning techniques. After using such a septic tank, the liquid is purified to almost 100 percent. Water can be easily taken out into the ground, pond and used for irrigation. A septic tank of a storage category is an improved version of a cesspool, in which cleaning is not carried out, but only drains are collected. When the septic tank is filled to a certain level, it becomes necessary to clean it. This is usually done using special sewage equipment.

If we talk about the differences from the cesspool, then no filtration into the ground is carried out in this case. This means that no harm is done to the environment. But still, this type of septic tank is used in last years extremely infrequently due to the high cost of services for special sewage equipment. This type can be used only if you live in the house relatively infrequently.

Treatment septic tanks are used not only for accumulation, but also for the purification of sewage. As a rule, at first, the effluents settle in them, after which decomposition occurs at the biological level with the help of special bacteria - anaerobic and aerobic, which are specially added to the ground for this purpose.

Their use allows water to be purified by about 65 percent, after which it goes into the ground, where it is further purified.

For this reason, the best types of soil for this category of septic tanks will be sandy and sandy loam. If the earth is clay, then it is better to use another septic tank, although this option is not prohibited in this case. It is just that then the installation of a septic tank will be too expensive, since special styling will still be necessary to create filtration fields.

Views

In your own home, sewerage can be of several types and is classified according to various criteria.

Usually these criteria can be three:

• the location of the sewage system;
• the purposes for the realization of which it will be used;
• the difference in the type of effluent that will be collected.

If we take the first two criteria, then the system under consideration is the following.

• Outdoor. It is a complex for receiving effluents from buildings and other facilities and transporting them to special treatment facilities or to a place of discharge into the water intake of a centralized sewerage system. Typically, this includes pipelines, as well as rotary and revision type wells.
• Internal. Such a sewage system collects wastewater inside the house thanks to special water intake devices and pipeline systems, after which it transports them along the highway to a special external sewage complex.
• Cleaning and waste water. Before the wastewater is discharged into the ground or pond, it must be cleaned thanks to a special four-stage system, which consists of several levels (physical-chemical, disinfection, mechanical, biological).

If we take the criterion of the collected drains, then the sewerage is the following.

• Domestic. It can also be called household or household fecal. Usually it is designated K1. This type of sewerage includes the whole complex of devices that are supplied to various plumbing fixtures. This includes trays, ladders, siphons, funnels, as well as a network of various pipelines that consist of pipes different sizes, fastening mechanism and fittings.
• Industrial or manufacturing. Usually in the diagrams, its designation goes under the abbreviation K3. This type of sewerage is intended to drain water that is used in some technological process... This type of sewage system is not used in their own homes, but it cannot be ignored.
• Storm or rain. This type is usually designated as K2. Such a system is a whole set of drainpipes, gutters, sand traps, storm water inlets, funnels, and so on. Usually, most of such a mechanism is laid in the open, but pipelines under the foundation can also be used to transport rainwater somewhere outside the site.

It should also be noted that the sewage system in a private house can be of two types:

• autonomous;
• centralized.

The selected type will depend on where exactly the waste water will be discharged - into its own septic tank or into the central mainline through a collector-type well. If the local sewage system runs close to the house and the connection to it is cheap, then it will be more profitable to connect to it due to the fact that the cost of using in this case will still be lower.

Besides, treatment systems may be different in nature.

These are the following types:

• septic tank:
• dry closet;
• bio-purification using a special unit;
• cesspool.

The septic tank has already been mentioned, and therefore let's say about other types. The dry closet will be suitable solution only for a cottage where the owners rarely live. And he does not solve the issue of drains from the shower and kitchen. Purification using a special station is advantageous with high productivity and a good degree of wastewater treatment. But the costs for this option will be considerable due to the need for energy consumption and the high cost of equipment. The cesspool option was not so long ago the most common. But recently, the amount of drains has increased significantly, and few cesspools can cope with it. In addition, the risk of land pollution has increased significantly for this reason.

Preparatory work

Each of the above solutions for treatment facilities requires a clear understanding of the device and the purposes for which it will be used. For this reason, before starting work on the creation of a sewage system, it is necessary to carry out the necessary training so that the system can really work efficiently after it is built and put into operation.

What do you need to consider?

Before starting to create a sewage system, you should calculate everything to the smallest detail. And the first factor that will be extremely important is the choice of a place for the installation of the system.

Its placement will be influenced by such factors.

• How close the groundwater is.
• The relief features of the territory where the sewerage will be located. Here we are talking about the fact that the movement of water is usually carried out by gravity, which means that the slope of the soil will be extremely important.
• The physical structure of the soil.
• The presence or absence of sources of drinking water.
• How much in winter period the soil freezes.

Sandy soil is usually loose, which is why liquid can easily pass through it, which means there is a possibility of contamination with household waste. Using the example of the simplest solution - a septic tank made of concrete rings or tires, we will consider what needs to be taken into account. First, you need to calculate its volume. We will proceed from the fact that one family member who lives in a house takes two hundred liters of water, which must be settled for three days.

That is, for a family of four members, a septic tank with a volume of slightly less than 2.5 thousand liters will be needed.

In addition to the factors mentioned above, it should be said that the distance to the nearest residential building should be no more than five meters. It should be the same up to the next site. If there is a highway nearby, then the distance should be twenty meters. And if there is a reservoir or water intake point nearby, then the distance should be at least fifty meters. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that if an elevated level of groundwater is observed at the site, then the structure must be supplemented with a pump or pump for transporting groundwater to the filter well.

Another factor to consider is the choice of pipe materials.... It is on this factor that the time of using the entire mechanism will depend. When it comes to sewerage internal type, then pipes made of polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride with a cross section of 11 centimeters are usually used here, and for breeding - with a diameter of 4-5 centimeters. Their cost will be lower than metal pipes, and their service life will be long.

Connections should usually be made with rubber cuffs, which are sealed with a special silicone-based substance. If we are talking about installing the outer part, then other orange pipes are used. They are executed in such colors to make them easier to find in the ground. They are made of extra strong plastic and also have a diameter of 11 centimeters.

Design

As it became clear, any work of an assembly and construction nature cannot be carried out without the preliminary creation of design documentation. And the installation of the sewerage system will be no exception. A sewerage scheme is being formed from the general layout of the so-called wet elements. The wiring can be configured as you like, depending on the wishes of the customer.

Should list important aspects that cannot be ignored:

• the drainage from the room where the toilet is located should be carried out exclusively using pipes with a cross section of 10-12 centimeters with a length of at least 1 meter;
• under the drains from the shower and kitchen, you can use polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene pipes of five centimeters in size;
• if the building has two or more floors and there is more than one toilet, then they should be placed exclusively on top of each other (for a one-story house this rule does not work and you can place it anywhere);
• wiring bends should be made by combining two plastic elbows, the bend of which has an angle of forty-five degrees, which should minimize the risk of clogging the sewer;

• the toilet should be connected directly to the sewer pipe at a minimum distance from the pipe;
• other plumbing fixtures should be connected to the sewer network above the connection point of the toilet, in order to exclude the possibility of feces getting into the drain line;
• the sewer riser must be brought out to the roof and a fan exhaust must be installed on it in order to ensure the inside of the sewer ventilation;
• the greatest distance for connecting plumbing devices to the riser should not be higher than three meters, and the toilet bowl should not be higher than a meter.

In addition, other expert advice should be given:

• when creating a project for an internal sewage system, you must first draw up a construction scheme on a scale, before that having carried out all measurements using a tape measure;
• now it is necessary to determine the place of installation of the risers;
• conventionally, on all floors, we mark the location of plumbing fixtures;
• depicting the location of the pipes on the graph;
• we determine the dimensions of the riser and the fan pipe based on the number of devices;
• we find the exit point of the sewer from the building;
• we sum up the length of all pipes and count the fittings;
• now we draw a conclusion and draw up a sewerage scheme.

Mounting

So, now let's move on to the direct installation of the sewage system in our own house and find out how to correctly carry it out. The laying of the sewerage after the project has been made and calculated should start with the installation of a septic tank. To do this, you need to dig a pit somewhere three meters deep. It is necessary to calculate in advance the volume of the septic tank, taking into account the number of people living in the apartment. You can make a pit yourself, but to speed up the process, it will not be superfluous to attract special equipment. A sand cushion is made at the bottom of the pit. Its thickness should be at least fifteen centimeters.

Now, from boards or chipboard, we create a formwork structure, which must be immediately reinforced with a special reinforcing belt. You can make such a belt from rods made of metal. For more confidence, you can use steel wire to tie up such rods. Now we make a couple of holes in the formwork and install pipe scraps in them. These sections will become the entry points for the system line and the overflow pipe that connects the septic tank sections.

The entire formwork should now be concreted. A vibrating tool is used to evenly distribute the solution. Note that this structure must be monolithic, which is why it is usually filled in once. It should also be cited as an example, and then, if the installation of a two-chamber septic tank is required. First, the bottom of the first compartment is formed by pouring concrete. As a result, we get a sealed structure, where the waste will settle. It is in this part that large solid fractions of waste will settle down below. But in the second part, a slightly purified liquid will accumulate.

Due to the presence of a pipe that connects both compartments, it will go into the adjacent chamber.

There is no need to make the bottom in the second compartment due to the fact that the section is made on the basis of monolithic walls. You can also use concrete rings for this, which will simply be stacked one on top of the other. At the bottom we make a thick layer of sedimentary rocks. It will filter the drains. You can use gravel, pebbles or crushed stone. We install an overflow pipe between the parts. It is located somewhere in the upper third of the wells. Note that usually summer residents use a two-section septic tank when carrying out the sewerage installation process. Although, if desired, there may be more compartments, which will provide cleaning of a higher quality.

It is also easy to make an overlap for a septic tank yourself. This requires concrete and formwork. Or you can take a reinforced concrete slab. In this part, it is imperative to make a special inspection hatch. It will allow you to control the hood, as well as the filling of the sections. After all this, when the installation is complete, it is required to fill the pit with sand or earth. It is necessary to clean the sump about once every two to three years.

The next step will be the laying of the highway. It will be carried out from the septic tank to the area where the sewer pipe comes out of the foundation. Note that the pipeline must go as if with a slope so that the waste water can flow down. It is important that the larger the size of the pipes used, the smaller the inclined angle will be necessary for the high-quality operation of the line. But the average is about two degrees.

Note that the sewer should be laid lower than the level of freezing of the ground. Usually we are talking about an indicator of one meter, but sometimes an indicator of 70 centimeters will be enough. Although if the region is cold, then the level should be increased to one and a half meters. Before laying pipes at the bottom of the trench, create a dense sand pillow, tamping it well. This will allow for reliable pipe fixation and prevent the pipeline from collapsing when the soil is displaced of a seasonal nature.

If we talk about the most correct scheme, then for a summer residence, the best solution would be to lay a straight line from the building to the collector. If necessary, you can make a turn and install a well for inspection in this place. You can use cast iron or plastic pipes intended for the external type of sewage. At the joints, everything should be done as tightly as possible. When everything is ready, the trench is covered with sand, and only then the soil is put on it.

To connect the inside to the outside, corrugated pipes are used. This makes it possible to ensure reliability during ground movements.

To lay pipes in a building, we will need:

• sharper knife;
• saw for working with plastic;
• sets of installation seals made of rubber.

First, we need to prepare the fittings.

These are the following elements:

• transition couplings, which can provide a transition between pipes of different sizes;
• three- or four-hole connection fittings that allow pipe branching;
• transition bends required to form transitions between pipes with the same size;
• bends that form corners, they can be 45 or 90 degrees.

Generally sewer installation in your own home it will not be difficult if everything is calculated correctly. First, the installation of vertical risers is carried out in the required amount. Usually they are installed from the basement to the roof, so that this entire structure can be successfully combined with the ventilation shaft. The place for installation is usually selected closer to the toilet bowls, which should be located no further than a meter from the riser. If the toilets are located, say, one under the other, and the house is small, then one riser for such a building will be quite enough.

Note that the farthest plumbing fixture should not be more than five meters from the riser.

Now the supply pipes are connected to the riser. First, the toilet pipes are connected, which should be lower than all the others. After that, the lateral branches are connected. Sometimes a large number of plumbing fixtures can be connected to the supply. It should be said that the thickness of the supply pipe should be taken with the calculation of the total capacity. The last step there will be a connection of the devices in question using siphons. Then everything will depend on the selected category of waste disposal, the properties of the land, as well as how the groundwater behaves. Therefore, for each case, everything will be individual.

It will also not be superfluous to give an example of creating a suburban sewerage mechanism without pumping out. Summer residents are increasingly looking at such systems, and therefore it will not be superfluous to explain how to make them. Note that such systems are represented by two or three-chamber septic tanks, which will be simultaneously active. If the mechanism has two reservoirs, the sump will occupy three quarters of the structure, and for three-chambered ones - one second. In the first part, the settling of heavy substances is carried out. As it fills, the liquid also enters another compartment, where the light parts are separated. In the third part, the water is completely cleaned of dirt and enters the well for drainage or filtration field. It is important here that both containers are airtight.

This type of system requires pumping out, but not as clean as when using a simple septic tank. This is done using a drainage or fecal sewer pump, the cost of which will depend on various factors. Such equipment will be used to remove sediment that accumulates in the sump. It should be noted that the frequency of this procedure will be influenced by both the composition of the waste water and the size of the reservoir. The structure will need to be cleaned when the sludge height reaches the overflow level. Then it will need to be pumped out.

For six months, the tank usually accumulates somewhere between 70-80 liters of sediment.

Standards for the location of sewer outlets for various plumbing fixtures

Any sewage system can be designed in such a way that all plumbing devices that are connected to it have a minimum number of various intermediate elements, which will only complicate the mechanism of the mechanism and significantly reduce its reliability. An ideal solution can be called when the siphon, coming after the plumbing fixture, is immediately connected with a smooth pipe with a previously installed sewer socket. For implementation, it will not be superfluous to know exactly where the plumbing equipment will be located even before the creation of the project. And it will be even better to know which plumbing fixture will be installed in a given place.

At the same time, for different categories of plumbing equipment, there are features that make it possible to simplify the sewer connection. It and the placement of different plumbing fixtures will be seriously influenced by factors such as the level of the clean floor. Indeed, in relation to this parameter, the height of the equipment and sewer sockets and the location of the water sockets are being set. This parameter should be known in advance, which is why the installation of sewage pipelines can be carried out even before the moment the floor screed is poured and the finishing type is applied.

Now let's say a little more about the plumbing standards related to the system for certain devices.

• The height of the connection of the siphon to the sink outlet for the washbasin should be at the level of 53-55 centimeters from the level of the finished floor. Its center should be right in the center of the washbasin. To create a connection, you can use sewer pipes with a diameter of 4-5 centimeters.
• The center of the socket should be at the level of 22-24 centimeters, if we are talking about a wall-hung toilet.
• In the case of a sink, this figure is 30-45 centimeters right in the center of the sink.
• If a garbage grinder is built into the sink, then the bell center should be at a height of 30-40 centimeters, but shifted to either side.
• For an attached type toilet, this figure will be somewhere between 18-19 centimeters.
• For washing and dishwashers the connection of the drain hoses will be at a height of 60-70 centimeters.
• For bathtubs, as well as shower cabins with a pallet, it is necessary that the socket center of the sewer pipe with a diameter of 5 centimeters is at a distance of no more than 6 centimeters from the level of the clean floor. If this is not possible, then installation should be carried out on a stand. Although there are a number of bathtub models, the connection of which is carried out at the level of 8-10, or even 13 centimeters.

These recommendations work almost always, since manufacturers of such goods try to comply with generally accepted norms, which, by the way, are not legally spelled out anywhere. But in reality it can be anything, so the actual availability of equipment that will be installed in a predetermined location will be a big plus.

Possible problems and solutions

It should be said that quite often, even without violations during installation, problems appear in the operation of the sewage system in your own home.

The most common troubles are as follows.

• The sewer smells bad. To eliminate the appearance of unpleasant odors, toilets and sinks are connected to the mechanism using u-shaped siphons, where there is always a little water. This type of barrier prevents unpleasant odors from passing through.

• Blockage. It often happens that the system clogs up, even if the installation was carried out according to all the necessary rules. For this reason, risers on all floors should be equipped with special tees so that there is no need to disassemble the system before removing the plug.
• Freezing of the sewer. This is another common problem. The reason is that many simply lay the sewer system above the freezing point of the soil. It should be said that this problem should not be ignored due to the fact that sooner or later the pipe may simply burst and then it will need to be replaced and repaired.
• Inconsistency of various elements with each other. To avoid such a situation, the installation should begin with the installation of the outlet-assembly that connects the riser to the pipe, which is suitable for the septic tank. The outlet is a metal sleeve with pipe cuttings. Its diameter should be more size riser pipes. Usually we are talking about a figure of 13-15 centimeters. And the sleeve should crawl out of the foundation by 12-16 centimeters.

To prevent the above and other problems from appearing, you should be guided during the installation of such a system by the following principles:

• if the pipes have different diameters, then they must be joined using special adapters;
• using oblique tees, you can connect risers and pipe bends;
• the toilet should be located as close as possible to the main riser;
• the installation of an external sewage system should be carried out exclusively in the warm season;
• as you approach the riser, the pipe size should become larger, not smaller;
• where the pipes of the kitchen and bathroom intersect, a collector should be placed.

In order for the sewer mechanism in your own home to always work efficiently and efficiently, and also function well, experts recommend observing several simple rules... The first thing to do is to flush the external and internal pipelines with a large amount of hot water... The second tip is that in plumbing fixtures, especially in the bathroom and in the kitchen, it is required to use dust collectors to prevent hair, dirt, and various insoluble substances from entering the drain.

Another important recommendation of specialists is to pump out various sedimentary masses from the septic tank at the right time, otherwise they may cause breakdown of the entire system. Another tip from the experts is to avoid letting fat waste into the drain. Especially when it comes to animal fats, which settle on the pipe walls and can cause clogging of the pipe.

Experts recommend, when purchasing components and pipes, to check whether a rubber lining is present in the bell, since many people constantly lose it. Under no circumstances should a drain pipe be connected to the ventilation unit. According to experts, when inserting PVC pipes into a ditch, it is necessary to carefully monitor the joints as much as possible due to the fact that the connecting places are extremely fragile and unstable.

It is also recommended to install an emergency outlet for cleaning the sewage system. It is usually mounted as close as possible to the pipe entry section into the building in an accessible place. In addition, if there is a usual set of water consumption points in the building, then it is completely unnecessary to install a fan pipe, you can limit yourself to a vacuum-type valve.

In general, as you can see, the creation of a sewage system in a private house is a process that requires serious calculations and great attention from the owner of the house. Moreover, the creation of such a system involves thinking through the water supply system at home. In addition, a lot will depend on what type of sewage system will be created. A pressure sewage system will have its own characteristics, and an external or internal one will have its own. In any case, for the competent implementation of such an undertaking, it is important to think through everything to the smallest detail and consult with specialists.

The information from this article is useful not only for doing all the work on your own. With its help, you can find out what a modern sewerage system is for a private house, how to properly shop for component parts and design routes. This knowledge will help to competently control the actions construction crew, to prevent errors, to make adjustments to the project documentation.

Read in the article:

Basic definitions

It is immediately necessary to clarify the purpose of the project. We will leave the issues of storm (5) and drainage (4) sewerage outside the scope of the article. The effluent in these systems is not too dirty, so there are no significant problems with their disposal.

It is more difficult to resolve issues with household waste. They are discussed below. The figure shows the internal (1) and external (2) parts of an autonomous sewage system for a private house. In this example, a septic tank (3) with a drainage field is shown, but other solutions are also used in practice. To choose the best option, you should familiarize yourself with them in more detail.

1. must remove domestic waste water with sufficient capacity.
2. The absence of unnecessary difficulties in the process of their disposal will come in handy.
3. The absence of blockages and complex routine procedures will simplify operation.
4. The durability of the system components will increase the overhaul intervals.

For your information! For a correct assessment, consider in a complex all important factors... Supplement the purchase price of individual components with data on the service life, maintenance, other compulsory expenses in the process of use.

Principle of operation, sewerage device in a private house

V household systems use a gravity drain system. The drains move by gravity, so a sufficient slope is needed on all horizontal sections of the sewage system in a private house.

Sinks, showers, and other plumbing fixtures are connected through (5, 8). These simple devices create a hydraulic seal that prevents unpleasant odors from entering the drain. The fan pipe (7) is needed not only for. It prevents the discharge in the upper part of the riser during the salvo discharge of wastewater, blocking the working opening.

If the outside of the system is properly equipped, the fluid will be purified to a safe level.

Where to locate the sewage system on the site

For your information! When choosing a suitable place for placing a cesspool, it is carried 15 m or more from the foundation of a private house. The distance can be reduced to three meters if you install a modern biological treatment plant.

Related article:

From our materials you will learn the device, the principle of operation, the requirements for the location, the secrets of independent equipment of treatment facilities for a private house, as well as the advice and recommendations of specialists.

The distance to the well is increased (30-50 m). On a relief site, a lowland is chosen for the installation of a septic tank, away from living quarters. In order to avoid problems, the distance to the borders of the neighboring area should be more than three meters.

Functional sewerage for a private house: how to make the right calculation

When building housing autonomous system sewerage systems are designed together with architectural components and other engineering structures. For accurate calculations, specialized specialists take data on the discharge of individual points (plumbing, other equipment). They calculate the percentage of filling of the working channel, the speed of movement of the liquid, the slope and the diameter of the pipes in different sections.

The following information will help you draw the correct conclusions yourself:

1. At the stage of preparing the general construction project, install the connection points for devices and equipment as close as possible to the riser.
2. In multi-storey buildings, bathrooms are installed one above the other.
3. To prevent blockages, the turns of the track are made with angles of less than 90 °. An exception is the vertical sections of the sewerage system of a private house.
4. Special couplings are used for a smooth transition between different diameters.
5. At turns and long sections, an element with a removable side cover ("revision") is installed to simplify inspection and remove blockages.

To lay a sewage system in a private house with your own hands, you can use the following typical sizes:

Expert opinion

Design Engineer VK (water supply and sewerage) LLC ASP North-West

Ask a specialist

"The distance to the riser should not be increased by more than 5 m. The specialized experts recommend installing the toilet bowl no further than 1.5-2 m. If these rules are violated, the height difference for gravity drainage will significantly increase."

As the distance to the vertical section of the drain pipe increases, it may not be enough to compensate for the vacuum. To solve the problem, in the right places sewerage systems for a private house are installed with special valves. They let the air out of the room, but prevent the penetration of odors from the drainage system without a hydraulic seal.

The current building regulations set maximum drop heights. For a horizontal section of the sewage system for a private house with a length of 100 cm, it should not exceed 15 cm. Otherwise, the flow of liquid moves too quickly, does not have time to wash off the pollution.

This table shows the optimal values ​​for different diameters drain systems while maintaining the normalized tilt angles:

The choice of components for the drainage system in a private house

To ensure good compatibility of all components of the track, it is recommended to use products from the same manufacturer. As a rule, specialized companies offer a varied catalog sewer pipes PVC. It is not difficult to clarify the sizes and prices of current offers using the Internet. Such products have significant advantages over their counterparts:

1. Reasonable cost implies low costs even when equipping large properties.
2. Lightweight for easy transport and handling. Plastic sewage systems for summer cottages do not create unnecessary stress. Therefore, no strengthening is required. power frame buildings.
3. The standard connection system (with socket and integrated O-ring) speeds up installation work.
4. Such pipes are not subject to the destructive effects of corrosion, aggressive components of detergents.

Polyvinyl chloride is used most often when creating a sewage system for a private house. Durable pipes are made of this material, which in a multilayer design can be installed at a depth of 8 meters (SN8 modifications). They maintain their integrity over a wide temperature range (-10 ° C to + 65 ° C).

Polyethylene pipelines are more flexible, designed for low temperatures, but they can be damaged by UV radiation. They are only intended for transporting cold water. Polypropylene pipes cost 2-3 times more than PVC pipes. They are able to withstand short-term movement of liquid heated to + 95 ° C. But such properties are unlikely to be needed at a great distance from plumbing fixtures.

Free-flow gravity sewerage for a private house is not exposed to strong loads from the inside. But even in this case, to preserve the integrity of the structure, PVC pipes should be chosen. gray with a wall thickness of at least 1.8 mm. For outdoor work, more durable products are purchased. To facilitate identification, they are specially dyed orange.

When designing an external sewerage route for a private house, you can use the following verification data. They determine the permissible wall thickness for pipes with a diameter of 200 m:

For your information! The connection between the home and the outside of the sewerage system of a private house can be done using corrugations in order to exclude a violation of the integrity of the system during ground movements. The elements corresponding in diameter (two-layer) with smooth inner walls are selected.

In sandwich structures, ribs increase rigidity. Inner part made smooth for the smooth passage of drains.

Installation work without errors: pipe connection, correct slope and other nuances

How to properly make a sewage system in a private house (connect individual parts into a single system) is described in the following description:

• After applying the markings to the dimensions from the plan, the pipe is cut at an angle of 90 °. To accurately perform this operation, use such a device (1). Use a hacksaw with a blade for metal, or a special tool.
• With a file (2), a chamfer is removed from the end part at an angle of 15 °, small defects are removed at the cut. Remove burrs with a knife.
• To simplify the connection, a small area (3) is covered with a special grease ( soapy water). Do not apply silicone sealant... It blocks the mobility of the connection, which must be preserved in this node.
• A rubber ring (4) is inserted into the recess. As a rule, these products are supplied assembled with a sealing element.
• In the next step, insert one part into the other until it stops. The mark (5) of the corresponding position is marked with the visible marker color.
• Next, the parts of the structure (6) are pushed apart by about 1 cm.

This technology ensures reliable fastening and tightness of the connection. The created gap will prevent deformations of the route during thermal expansion of plastic pipes during the operation of the sewage system for a private house.

The working drawing can be created manually, without the obligatory observance of the scale and exact drawings of individual products. But when drawing up a package of design documentation for the sewage system of a private house, it is imperative to take into account the following facts:

1. A sufficient slope is observed in all sections, the permissible maximum distance to the riser.
2. The track is laid without right angles, without obstructing the drain.
3. Do not forget about installing revisions in difficult places and on long sections.

A similar figure can be used as a basis for preparing a list of necessary sewerage accessories for a private house.

Related article:

V this material we will take a closer look at how its devices are mounted, we will also study it, and along the way we will find out the cost of such work when performed by specialists.

If sewage pipes of a private house are installed in concrete screed provided reliable protection from external influences, but repair is difficult. The track can be mounted for wall panels, inside frame structure floor. In these cases, access is easier, but the noise level increases. To create comfort and at the same time maintain the integrity of the walls, the risers are fixed through damping gaskets. In some situations, it is necessary to install special insulation to block the sounds of the drain. The corresponding layers are made of polyurethane foam, other moisture-resistant materials.

The official instructions indicate the features of the use of their products. The following figures show examples with explanations from the manufacturer:

The outer part of the autonomous sewerage system for summer cottages

For year-round living, you need a continuously functioning sewerage system for a country house. The owner himself will decide what to choose for insulating individual areas. But this structure must be strong enough, resistant to moisture.

An attentive person will notice that the picture shows the exit from the house, located above the ground. However, many houses do with a basement (basement). In such buildings, it is easy to make the track below the level of soil freezing for a specific region.

But do not rush to draw conclusions. It is necessary to take into account the gradual slope and range of placement of treatment facilities for a private house. It is possible that you will have to install them too deep. Additional protection against groundwater penetration will be required. The cost of supplying fluid to the drainage field will increase.

After determining the depth, check the passage of the route through the site. Protect from reinforced concrete slabs, or other designs. The pipes are laid on a bed of sand, free of stones and other large fractions. Individual parts of the structure are assembled according to the manufacturer's instructions. Required plots sewers for a private house are insulated.

As well as inside buildings, sharp turns are not used here, which impede the movement of drains. On long sections of the sewage system for a private house, revision wells are installed. Nodes of connection with such elements and septic tanks are made movable. This will eliminate damage due to soil displacement during use.

Cesspool: low cost and big problems

How to choose an autonomous sewage system in a private house will become clear after studying all the options. You should start with traditional designs, well proven over centuries of operation.

The authenticity of the origin of the last photograph is questionable. However, such structures were actually used many centuries ago. Today they continue to fulfill their functional purpose.

However, the use of such sewage projects in a private house contradicts the norms of modern legislation. Oddly enough, but it is much easier to fulfill the requirements of SanPin with the help of a classic "dream house", located at a sufficient distance from the main building and other objects. Its depth is limited to 3 meters. This parameter is adjusted taking into account the real groundwater level. Structures without a bottom are allowed to be used with a total amount of drains not exceeding 1 cubic meter. in 24 hours.

The permissible minimum distance to the well is determined by the geological characteristics of the site:

• clay - 20 m;
• loam - 30 m;
• sand - 50 m

For your information! When carefully studying the issue, it is necessary to take into account the distances to the corresponding objects in neighboring areas.

If you want to fulfill the SanPin standards without extra costs, use this drawing of a stand-alone structure (pit toilet) as a basis

Closed tank: a simple solution, features of operation

Important details are highlighted in the figure:

• Manhole (1) for inspection and removal of accumulated wastewater.
• High neck (2), which allows the installation of the main part below the level of soil freezing.
• Large ribs (3), reinforcing the rigidity of the structure.
• Explosive gas discharge pipe (4). According to the current building codes, its height above the earth's surface is made less than 60 cm. The hole should be 10 cm or more in diameter.

The volume of the sewage tank for a private house is selected taking into account real needs. The main disadvantage is the rather frequent calls of the sewer truck. The depth is not made more than 2.5-3 m, so as not to complicate the removal of household waste using the typical length of the hoses and the power of the pumping equipment.

It is not difficult to figure out how to make a sewage system in a private house (storage tank) from bricks, reinforced concrete rings.

Metal tanks are rarely used due to their low resistance to corrosion processes.

Septic tanks: an overview of technical solutions with professional recommendations

It will be easier to decide how to properly make a sewage system in a private house after a detailed acquaintance with the basics of technology. Through the transport system, the effluent enters the first container. Here, large heavy fractions settle to the bottom, and biological decomposition begins.

The partially purified liquid enters the second tank through a special pipe. Similar processes take place here, but with a noticeably smaller amount of mechanical impurities.

At the third stage, the smallest impurities are trapped by a layer of granular backfill. The last container has no bottom. The liquid penetrates into the soil and is additionally purified in a natural way. At correct setting all components of the system prevent environmental pollution.

For your information! A clear advantage of the technology is the reduction of calls to the services of sewers.

The number of processing stages determines the degree of sewage cleaning for a private house. Therefore, for full reproduction, it is recommended to use at least two containers.

A closed third tank is installed here. After it, the liquid is removed to a special aeration field. This part is formed from drainage (perforated) pipes. They are laid in rows with an interval of 40-60 cm on a crushed stone bed. Ventilation shafts are installed at all ends. Such structures provide effective treatment without the use of additional biological and technical means.

In this version of the sewage system for a private house, you will need an appropriate free area on the land plot to accommodate the drainage field. With a high level of groundwater, it has to be raised on artificial embankments. Here you will have to install additional pump equipment and control automation. The exact costs can be calculated taking into account the terrain, the number of users, and other features.

To simplify the sewerage project for a private house, they purchase ready-made sets of equipment. Manufacturers offer ready-made solutions in a wide range, designed for different conditions and needs.

How to prevent pollution with an artificial cleaning station

Automated sewage treatment plants for a private house. The price of such kits is the highest in the corresponding category of equipment. However, the significant upfront investment is offset by several benefits:

• relatively small size;
• high-quality wastewater treatment;
• minimal hassle during operation.

In this model, the separation of dirt is improved by means of a powerful aeration unit. Active air saturation of the sewage treatment system for a private house accelerates not only biological, but also chemical reactions... Dissolved salts, iron and other impurities are converted to a solid precipitate. A well-purified liquid enters the outlet.

When contacting specialists, the sewage system of a private house will be calculated professionally. The specialized company will carry out delivery, installation and commissioning work, and will issue official warranty obligations... Comparing costs for self-fulfillment similar actions, it is necessary to take into account the cost of auxiliary procedures, the purchase of tools and consumables.

The information provided will simplify the formulation of requirements for an individual project. They will help you implement it without mistakes and unnecessary costs. Clarify the parameters of the sewerage system for a private house using the comments to the article. Chat with experienced craftsmen, express your own opinion about the products of different manufacturers. On this specialized information platform, valuable knowledge can be obtained completely free of charge.

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