A gable roof is used for various wooden houses... You can even assemble the structure with your own hands, since it is simple, in contrast to the four-slope or attic. The main Construction Materials for installation, these are boards and beams from a bar or log. After reading the article to the end, readers will know what are the main elements of the frame. gable roof, and how to assemble it with your own hands and calculate the cross-section and length of the beams. About.

Rafter system a gable roof for the construction of a house from a bar consists of: rafter legs, mauerlat, filly, ridge, struts, racks and lathing. In order to assemble with your own hands, you need to represent the structure completely. We'll talk more about each element below.

Mauerlat

Mauerlat is the main load-bearing part of the frame structure gable roof... It consists of a bar located around the entire perimeter of the house, on load-bearing walls. For the construction of a house from glued laminated timber or other type of lumber, it is fastened using a binding and metal brackets.

Through the Mauerlat, the load from the entire rafter system is transferred to the load-bearing walls of the house. Mauerlat size for wooden house suitable for 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm. Conifers are used for this node. Before laying, the timber is treated with an antiseptic and waterproofed with a bitumen tape.

Rafter leg

The main contour is assembled from the rafter legs future roof... For the roof frame of a wooden house, a material with a section of 50x150 or 100x150 mm is used. The rafter legs are laid in the shape of a triangle. The entire system is supported on the rafter legs, and it depends on the quality of the material whether the roof can withstand wind and snow loads.

The weight of the entire roof structure is transmitted through the legs to the Mauerlat. Rafter legs are mounted with a step of 60-120 cm, depending on the severity and fastening of the future roof. The heavier it is, the more often the step of mounting the legs of the rafter system.

Ridge

The ridge is the connecting beam of the two rafter parts of the ramp in the upper part. It is mounted strictly horizontally at the junction of the legs.

For a wooden gable roof, a beam with a section of 100x100 mm is used as a ridge. It is pretreated with an antiseptic.

Filly

A filly is an element that acts as a roof overhang. This part is attached to the rafter leg if its length is not enough to form an overhang of at least 200 mm. If the rafter leg is enough, then you can not mount the filly.

For installation, boards of a smaller size and section are used than the legs. The filly makes the installation of the frame easier, since the leg beams are no longer needed in long lengths. If the roof is assembled with your own hands, then experts recommend choosing just this option.

Sill

This is a beam that is placed horizontally on the internal load-bearing walls of a log house. The main load from the racks of the rafter system falls on the bed, and he transfers it to the bearing wall.

The installation uses material with a cross section of 100x100-150x150 mm.

Racks

The drains are mounted vertically from the ridge to the inner load-bearing wall. For their manufacture, a material with a section of 100x100-150x150 mm is used after calculations. In the rafter system, they play the role of redistributing the load from the ridge to the load-bearing wall.

Puffs

The puffs connected to the legs of the frame are in the shape of a triangle. it fastener in system. It is thanks to the puffs that the legs do not scatter in different directions under the pressure of the structure and the roof.

Braces

The braces are made up of pieces of planks mounted at an angle. With the help of struts, the load from the rafter legs is redistributed to the load-bearing walls. In connection with the braces, the struts form the trusses. The truss consists of several struts and one tie. Use trusses to transfer the load if the spans are too long.

Lathing

Roof lathing device

They make a crate from boards or not thick bars. In the rafter system, the lathing is attached perpendicular to the legs to them. With the help of the lathing, the load from the roofing structure (roof, insulation, vapor barrier -) is evenly distributed over all rafter legs. Another function of the lathing is to connect the rafter legs together into a single system. Even a non-edged board is suitable as a crate. But first you need to peel off the bark from it.

If the roof is rolled, for example, bituminous, then instead of boards, sheets of plywood are used as sheathing. So the substrate under the roof acquires a hard and even surface, on which it is easy to roll out the same roofing material.

All of the listed parts of the frame of the gable structure are dried and treated with antiseptic impregnations before installation, you can do it yourself. V otherwise the rafter system will quickly rot.

What is the rafter system for a gable roof

The gable roof rafter contract for the construction of a house from profiled timber can be sent or suspended.

Hanging structure

This system has a structure resting on the side load-bearing walls of the log house. But at the same time, the rafters interact negatively with the walls, bursting them. To avoid this, in the frame of the gable roof, the legs are pulled together with special puffs. The cuffs and legs form a triangular mount that has stiff ribs and the structure does not deform over time.

V roof structure the role of puffs can be played by floor beams. So the structure can be used as an attic. For greater strength, a tightening of at least 50 cm from the roof ridge is also installed on top of the rafter.

It is necessary to make such a structure if the span between the load-bearing walls of the log house is not more than 10 cm.If this span is larger and there is a load-bearing wall between it, which divides it in half, then the hanging system can be mounted

Nesting constructions

The slanting rafter system is installed on a log house with any span. Its peculiarity is in the support beam, which is located in the middle in the span of the walls. It is advisable to use such a structure when the distance between the load-bearing walls is more than 10 m.

If there is a supporting column between the main load-bearing walls, then the attic version of the layered rafters can be used. In this case, the rafters will be attached to the column, and additional rafters are made between the columns. But doing it without certain skills is difficult.

How to calculate roof rafters

Before you start making a roof frame with your own hands, you need to calculate the length and thickness of the beams.

Calculation of the section of beams

The cross-section of the rafter beams is directly related to their length and fastening pitch. To determine the ratio of these indicators, there are special calculators with which it is not difficult to calculate and GOST.

Calculation of the ratio of the length and section of beams in the form of a table:

Length rafter beam, m	Section of the material used, mm		Rafter leg step, m
	Beam or board	Log
1-3	80x100, 90x100, 90x160	100, 150, 160	1 – 1,35
3-4	80x160, 80x180, 90x180	160, 180	1,40 – 1,70
From 4-5	80x200, 100x200	200	1,40 – 1,75
From 5-5.8	100x200	200	1,10 – 1,40
From 5.9-6.5	120x220	240	1,10 – 1,40

Judging by the numbers, if the length of the rafters is large, then the distance between them decreases, and the section increases. If you take rafters of a smaller section and do not make the necessary calculation, then over the years the roof will sag.

Saw off the beams-legs after the calculation is made, you need the same length and mount each pair on this straight line.

Subtleties of installing a gable roof

The main stages of building a roof frame with your own hands consist of:

1. Mauerlat mount
2. Installation of rafter legs
3. Ridge installation
4. Ligament of legs
5. Lathing

How professionals do roof installation can be seen in the provided video:

In the video, you can see the finished frame from a bar and its description, each node is clearly visible. Readers will find the Mauerlat, rafter legs, their mountings, etc. on the video.

Mauerlat mount

V wooden houses it is possible not to mount an additional Mauerlat. Its role will be played by the upper log or timber. But if the roof structure should be higher, then you need to bind the timber.

The laying of the timber begins with its insulation; for this, the walls are covered from above with a double layer of roofing material. The timber is processed and laid. In the corners, they connect it with their own hands using metal brackets and half-section cuttings.

Mauerlat is placed strictly parallel to the opposite wall so that the rafter legs are subsequently the same.

More details on how to attach the rafters to the Mauerlat can be seen in the video below:

The video clearly shows how the fastening of legs - beams to a bar from professionals should look like.

Installation of rafter legs

For the exact location of the rafter legs, a pencil and meter mark are made on the Mauerlat. But before that, it is necessary to draw up a diagram or a calculation of their location.

The preparation of the rafter legs begins with a cut from the bottom side, a cut is made 1/3 wide. Their leg will rest on the Mauerlat. The option of their fastening depends on what material the rafters will be.

The slope of the future roof will depend on the angle at which the beams are fixed. You need to make it not very flat and steep. It is better to make a calculation before that according to the indicators of the region. If there are large wind loads on the territory of residence, then the angle cannot be more than 20 ° С. At high precipitation rates, the slope is made at 35-40 ° С. So snow and precipitation will not accumulate, and the roof will self-clean.

In the upper part, the rafter legs are connected to the ridge using iron brackets into a single structure.

A bunch of rafter legs at the hanging structure

Beams - legs are assembled together even before their installation. The connecting elements can be bolts or nuts with iron plates. After the end of the collection of triangular fasteners with rafter legs, they begin to install from the two extreme ones. Then two subsequent ones are installed. You need to fix the frame with temporary jibs. At the end of the installation, they are removed.

After complete installation filly are attached to them. The size of the overhang of the future roof will depend on their length. For a wooden house, this distance is taken as maximum in order to prevent water from entering the walls.

Installation of rafters at a layered structure

With this installation, the rafters begin to be mounted from the bed, on which two supports are installed. A ridge bar is mounted on top of the supports. Jibs give additional rigidity to the structure.

Rafter legs are attached to the ridge beam. If at the same time take the length of the rafter legs a little more and file them circular saw after twisting, the work will be more productive.

Installation of the lathing

After the installation of the rafter legs is completed, they begin to fasten the crate. At the same time, spotting begins from the ridge, where first two massive wide boards are mounted.

It is necessary to mount the lathing along the entire length of the gable roof with a step under a certain roof.

When the rafter system is fully assembled, the overhang and gables of the roof are sewn up. After that, the roofing material is laid and the structure is insulated. We talked about how to properly insulate the roof HERE.

As you can see from the article, it is not difficult to do the work with your own hands, but by imagining what the structure of a gable roof looks like, you can easily make a plan and calculation for your log house. And the material that will be used for installation, it is advisable to choose the best and highest quality.

The gable rafter system is chosen by many owners of residential buildings. This is due to its high practicality and ease of creation. If you carefully study the device of the gable roof rafter system, then the process of its formation can be done by hand. The resulting structure is highly reliable and durable, and also guarantees excellent protection of the structure from cold and precipitation.

The main elements of the system

The design of the gable roof rafter system is considered uncomplicated. It consists of a variety of elements made from wooden elements with different lengths, configurations and cross-sections. The main nodes include:

• Mauerlat. It is represented by a bar with a cross-section in the shape of a square. Coniferous wood is usually used to create it. Its dimensions vary from 10 to 15 cm. It fits along all the load-bearing walls of the building. It is fixed to them using anchors or special rods. If you make and attach it correctly, then it will evenly distribute the loads from the rafter legs along all the walls of the structure.
• Rafter legs. They are created from a bar with a cross-section of 15x10 or 15x5 cm. When they are correctly connected, a roof contour is formed in the shape of a triangle. It must be strong and reliable to withstand severe rain and wind loads. The rafter legs must be fastened at a distance of about 1 m from each other.
• Sill. Created from a square piece of wood with a cross-section equal to. It is laid horizontally on the load-bearing wall inside the building. Due to it, the load coming from the roof racks is evenly distributed.
• Tightening. This element applies when a hanging structure is selected. It is installed on top of the resulting triangle of rafter legs, which ensures its stability.
• Racks. To create them, a square bar is used. They are arranged in an upright position. They bear the load from the ridge, after which it is transferred to the load-bearing wall inside the building.
  
• Braces. The installation of these elements is necessary in order to obtain a special transfer element located between the rafter legs and various bearing parts. Due to their reliable connection with a tightening, the creation of a strong structure is guaranteed.
• Lathing. Collected from bars or planks. Installed perpendicular to the rafter legs. It transfers the weight from the roof to the rafters' legs. It is advisable to use to create this element edged boards... If you plan to create a roof covering made of soft roofing materials, for example, bituminous shingles, then the lathing must certainly be continuous.
• Skate. It is represented by the top-most element of the entire roof. Due to him, her two slopes are connected. Its assembly is carried out by connecting the legs of the rafters at the top of the roof. Necessarily located in a horizontal position.
• Eaves. It protrudes from each wall of the building by about 40 cm. Its installation is due to the need to protect the walls from water flows as a result of precipitation.
• Filly. Provides the ability to create a roof overhang. They are used exclusively in a situation where short rafter legs are used, therefore they are lengthened by fillets.

Important! The step between the legs of the rafters is chosen in accordance with the severity of the roof, since the more weighty it is, the less this gap should be.

Thus, the device of the gable roof rafter system is considered quite simple, so making this structure with your own hands is not difficult.

Types of structures

The rules and features of the installation of this structure depend on the selected variety.

Types of gable roof truss system:




All options have their own characteristics, therefore, their characteristics are preliminarily assessed. If you plan to do-it-yourself installation of a gable roof rafter system, then a simple symmetrical structure is chosen.

Important! The basis for obtaining perfect result are competent calculations, and if they are incorrect, then the roof will not be reliable and durable, and it will also be dangerous to live in such a house.

How to choose a material to create a system?

When choosing a material, the following rules are taken into account:

• rafters are created exclusively from quality wood that does not have any rotten areas, damage, knots or other deficiencies;
• edged boards are purchased to form the lathing;
• all wood should be well treated with antiseptics and fire retardants.

Important! The presence of knots is allowed, but their length cannot be more than 1/3 of the thickness of the timber used.

Calculation rules

To make the gable roof rafter system reliable and of high quality, a lot of attention is paid to competent calculations. They should affect all elements of the future design:

• Load calculation. Any system is affected by two types of load. Constants will regularly affect the structure, and this includes weight from roofing roofs, battens, thermal insulation material, waterproofing, additions and finishing materials used for the attic. Typically, this load is 40 kg / m. sq. Variable loads can have different strengths, as they include wind, snow exposure and precipitation intensity. To calculate the load, the wind load of a particular region is multiplied by a special correction factor.
• Determination of the angle of inclination. A roof with two slopes can have different angles slope, and it is determined by the used roofing material. If a soft roof is being installed, then a slope is chosen for it in the range from 5 to 20 degrees, or the metal tile varies from 20 to 45 degrees.
• Calculation of snow load. In winter, the roof can accumulate a large number of snow. To avoid any structural problems, the frame must withstand these loads. The calculation requires the weight of the snow to be multiplied by the correction factor.
• Definition . The spacing between these elements is usually chosen in the range from 60 to 100 cm, and the final choice depends on the roof and the weight of the roof.
• Definition . For this, it is recommended to use the standard Pythagorean theorem.
• Determination of the cross-section of the rafters. This parameter is influenced by several important factors: roof loads, type of materials used, length of rafter legs, as well as the pitch between them.

Important! When calculating the loads, the possibility of a storm or tornado is additionally taken into account, since if the house is located in a region where such loads can appear, then a margin of safety is made for the roof, read more:.


Types of rafters

Before the direct work on creating a gable roof with your own hands, you should make a special plan, which will contain a drawing and layout of the entire structure. This takes into account which rafters will be used, since the types can be used:

• ... Suitable for small buildings. Their installation consists in fixing the leg to the load-bearing wall of the structure, as well as to the ridge girder. A feature of the use of these elements is that a bursting force acts on the rafter legs, and puffs are used to reduce this effect. They can be made of wood or metal.
• Forced. Suitable for roofs of any shape and size. The deck structure is used in conjunction with racks and a bed. The bed is laid parallel to the fixed Mauerlat, so a certain part of the load is transferred to it. This allows the legs of the rafters to be leaned together, which are additionally supported by the stand.
• Combined. They are used when using unusual gable roof configurations.

After determining the main design parameters, the calculation begins the right amount material. Then you can proceed to the direct creation of the rafter system.


Installation of the structure

The do-it-yourself gable roof rafter system is created only after the preliminary formation of drawings and plans. The scheme of future contraction must be clear and correctly calculated. For this, it is recommended to use special computer programs.

Important! If you have money, you can contact specialized construction companies for the correct calculation.

Installation of the gable roof truss system is divided into successive stages:

• To the walls of the building. Its installation is carried out along their entire length. If the house is made of logs, then the Mauerlat acts as its upper crown. If aerated concrete or brick is chosen for the structure, then it is mounted on top load-bearing wall along its entire length. It is required to splicate the Mauerlat, for which the bars are sawn at right angles and bolted together. It can be mounted with an offset to the side of the wall or in its center. Laying is done on a waterproofing layer, for which roofing material is usually used.
  
• Creation of roof trusses. To do this, it is allowed to start installing beams on the roof or form a structure on the ground, after which it rises to the roof. The second option is often chosen, since it is difficult to perform work on the roof of the house. But to raise the structure made, you will have to use special equipment. Before connecting the legs of the rafters, the correctness of their size and location is checked.
  
• ... The formed pairs rise to the roof, after which they are stacked on the Mauerlat. For the correct performance of the work, special cuts are made from the bottom of the legs. The process begins with the ends of the roof, located opposite to each other. Temporary fasteners are used to obtain the ideal result when installing the elements. A rope is stretched between the fixed pairs, making the installation of subsequent elements simplified. All rafter legs are mounted, and the correct step between them is checked. Next, a special ridge support is installed. Everything additional elements used in the rafter system are fixed by cutting and staples. It is allowed to lengthen the rafter legs if necessary.
  
• Skate installation. It is created with the help of a competent connection on top of all rafter legs. To form it, use different methods, and it is allowed to use a support bar for this, or you can work without it. If a bar is used, then it is allowed to put a skate on it or use the cutting method.
  
• The rafter system is considered to be made, but in order for it to be strong and reliable, it is necessary to overhaul all the elements, therefore, all temporary fasteners are eliminated, in place of which high-quality products are used to fix all parts of the system.
• Installation of the lathing. This design intended for easy movement on the roof, and also serves as the basis for laying the roof. Its type and parameters depend on the selected roof. Solid sheathing is created if a soft roof is selected. has a distance between the boards within 35 cm.For or slate, this parameter is 44 cm.
  

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When building private households, projects of houses with a gable roof are considered the most popular, they can be seen in the photo. The design of such roofs is simpler in comparison with hipped roofs (they are also called hip roofs). To create a gable roof frame, use wooden beams and boards, the low weight of which allows you to build a rafter system with your own hands.

Elements of gable roofs

The gable roof design includes the following elements:

• rafters ... They consist of inclined struts and vertical struts;
• rafter leg ... For its manufacture, boards with a cross section of 100x150 or 50x150 millimeters are needed. With the help of rafter legs, a triangular contour of a gable roof is formed. The loads resulting from weather conditions and the weight of the roofing are transferred by the rafter legs to the Mauerlat, and that to the load-bearing walls of the structure. When a gable roof of a house is being installed, the step of installing the rafter legs should be at least 60 centimeters, and a maximum of 120 centimeters. The heavier the roof covering, the more often they should be installed;
• struts ... Such an element from a trim board is mounted at a certain angle and thereby transfers the load load-bearing elements down from the rafter legs. The rafters, several struts and the tightening are all integral parts of the rafter truss, which withstands loads and transfers them in the presence of wide spans to the walls;
• racks ... They are vertical rafter elements that transfer the load from the roof ridge to the load-bearing internal walls of buildings. They are made from a bar with a section of 150x150 or 100x100 millimeters;
  

  
  

• mauerlat ... This is what they call wooden bar, which is installed and fixed on the load-bearing walls on threaded rods or on anchors embedded in the surface. it is necessary to transfer loads from the rafter legs to the load-bearing walls. As a material of manufacture, they use a bar made of coniferous sawn timber and having a square section measuring 150x150 or 100x100 millimeters. Mauerlat beams on opposite walls should be parallel so that the dimensions of the rafter legs are of the same length;
• skate ... This horizontal element is necessary to connect the slopes in their upper part. It is formed by connecting the rafter legs at the highest point when a gable roof is being installed;
• filly ... They are used if the length of the rafter legs is not enough to create an overhang on the roof. are a part of a board that has a smaller cross-section than the boards that were used in the manufacture of rafter legs. The installation of a gable roof can be greatly facilitated if you use this element, since then legs are made of shorter length for the rafter structure;
• sill ... It is a horizontally fixed bar with a section of 150x150 or 100x100 millimeters. It is located on an internal load-bearing wall and its function is to distribute the loads from the roof posts after;
• tightening. This is one of the elements of a hanging rafter structure, which, with rafter legs, forms geometric shape- a triangle - and thus helps them stay in place, and not disperse to the sides;
• eaves ... It is necessary to protect the walls from getting wet as a result of rainfall; its outer edge should protrude at least 40 centimeters;
  

  
  

• lathing ... The device of a gable roof involves the installation of roofing material; for its installation, you need to make a crate. To do this, the bars or slats are attached to the rafter legs perpendicular to their direction. Due to the presence of the lathing, the load from natural phenomena and the own weight of the roof is evenly distributed on the rafter legs. Also, the lathing, which can be solid or sparse, holds the legs of the rafters together. For soft roof, for example, from bituminous tiles, this element is made from sheets of moisture-resistant plywood.

The roof of the house is created using sawn softwood, and so that they do not become unusable during operation due to decay, before building a gable roof, they are first treated with antiseptic compounds.

Roof systems: their types and differences

Rafter systems are of two types: hanging and layered.

Hanging rafters, together with floor beams, are used as puffs to build an attic when a gable roof of a house is being built with their own hands (read: ""). In addition to the lower tightening, the upper tightening is also required at a distance of at least 50 centimeters from the ridge. Hanging truss systems are created when the distance between the two outer walls is no more than 10 meters, and there is no internal load-bearing wall dividing into two halves inner space building.

Inclined rafters are installed when there is a support beam that transfers the weight of the roof from the ridge to the load-bearing wall located in the middle between the outer walls of the house. If instead of a load-bearing inner wall there are columns, different types rafters alternate. Layered rafters will rest on the columns, and they will be mounted between the columns.

Installation of gable roof rafters, detailed video:

Features of creating a gable roof

For competent construction, drawings of a gable roof and design documentation are used, which indicate all its dimensions (in more detail: "").

When the walls of the house are built of logs or beams, the upper beam performs the function of the Mauerlat. But, if the walls of the building are made of bricks, for attaching the Mauerlat to the supporting base before the gable or hipped roof, metal at least 10 mm threaded rods are mounted in the masonry and bolts with washers are used. When performing, an interval of 1-1.5 meters is observed between adjacent fasteners. To avoid wetting the walls, waterproofing is laid from two layers of roofing material.

The types of gable roofs are varied, but in any case, the slope angle of the slopes on them should be 15-20 degrees in areas with strong winds, and where there is a large amount of precipitation, 35-40 degrees, then snow and water will quickly roll off the roof surface. These nuances must be taken into account even before.

When using layered rafters, first of all, a bed is installed, and supports are mounted on it, on which a ridge bar is placed. Jibs are used to secure the structure. Then the rafter legs are mounted on the ridge beam, while their length should be slightly more than necessary, so that after twisting two rafters together, the protruding ends can be cut off. The use of this technology allows you to significantly speed up the work on the construction of a gable roof.

After the installation of the rafter system is completed, the gables and overhang are sewn up and the installation of the roof covering is started. To purchase material, you need to know how to calculate the area of ​​a gable roof and thus not be mistaken with its quantity. To do this, the area of ​​each of the two slopes is determined by multiplying its length (height) by the width (length of the ridge). Note that it is very important to initially calculate correctly.

The gable roof has been popular for many years thanks to its simple, reliable and presentable design. Depending on the slope of the slopes, it is used in regions with different rainfall. The gable roof rafter system ensures natural precipitation.

1. Symmetrical - both slopes are of the same length and mounted at the same angle. Such a roof is an isosceles triangle with an obtuse or acute angle.
2. A sloping roof is created to accommodate an attic room, its rafter system implies a complex, two-level structure.
3. The different angles of the slopes are original design, highlighting the unusual architecture of the house.

Slope value

The angle of inclination is chosen after analyzing several indicators: the type of roofing, the amount of precipitation, and the wind load. For regions with heavy rainfall, a small slope angle is recommended, but not less than 5 degrees. Snow masses do not linger on steep surfaces. Gentle roofs with obtuse slope angles are suitable for windy climates.

The gable roof rafter system must comply with accepted safety standards and be built in accordance with standards.

Rafter systems

The load-bearing elements and rafters take on the load from external forces and redistribute it to the walls of the building. The strength of the entire roof depends on their reliability. When constructing a structure, two rafter systems are used:

• Hanging - rafter legs have two points of support on the walls of the building. They are subjected to compression and bending stress. With a span of more than 8 meters, the installation of a headstock with struts is required. To reduce the impact of the rafters on the walls of the building, they are tightened together.
• Sliding - these bars are supported on inner wall or special design.

If it is impossible to use one of the systems in pure form, resort to a hybrid design that allows you to alternate hanging and layered rafters.

The device of the gable roof rafter system allows you to carry out calculations yourself, based on knowledge of geometry. To calculate the area of ​​the structure, you need to set the length of the ramp. Quantity necessary material depends on the angle of inclination. Sharp corner allows you to save money, but at the same time minimizes the attic space.

We calculate the height of the ridge, the length of the rafters and the area of ​​the roof using geometric formulas. For clarity, fit scheme at home. Example - take the slope of the slope at 45 degrees, the width of the house (the base of the isosceles triangle) - 6 m, length - 10 m.

First, we divide the triangle in half by the height lowered from top corner... It turns out two right triangle, and one of the legs is the desired roof height. The height divides an isosceles triangle in half, which means that one leg is 3 m.The second is calculated by the formula:

3 × tg 45 0 = 3 m.

Knowing the legs, according to the Pythagorean theorem, we calculate the hypotenuse, which is a rafter:

3 2 + 3 2 = X 2.

The length of the rafter will equal square root out of 18, approximately 4, 25

The number of rafters is calculated by dividing the total length by a step (0.6 m):

10: 0.6 = 16.6 - this value needs to be doubled.

We calculate the area by multiplying the length of the ramp and the house and by multiplying the value by 2:

4.25 × 10 × 2 = 85 m 2.

The supporting base for the roof is the Mauerlat - a durable timber with a section of 150 × 150 mm made of processed conifers wood. Its fastening is carried out on anchors walled up in the upper row of the masonry. They should rise 2–3 cm above the timber to provide space for tightening the nut. A layer of roofing material is laid under the Mauerlat to protect it from moisture. A transverse beam is laid between the walls, fastening the Mauerlat and protecting it from longitudinal loads. To support the ridge, a special bar is laid along the slope - a bed, with a section equal to the Mauerlat. With a large building width, it is necessary to install purlins.

The cross-section of the rafters is determined by the pitch and length of the rafter element, usually boards of 50 × 150 mm. Roof trusses are easier to assemble on the ground and ready to serve on the roof. For the template, two boards are taken, equal in length to the rafters, and connected with a nail. The free ends are laid on the supports, the resulting angle is fixed with a crossbar. The places and shape of the cuts are marked using a second template made of plywood. The bars are fastened at the desired angle with bolts, cuts are made on them, and after the truss they are raised up for installation.

The first to install the rafters on the gables. They are attached to the Mauerlat using corners or brackets. The first farms are set strictly according to the level. A cord is stretched between them, which is a reference point for installing the rest of the elements.

To give sufficient rigidity to the entire structure, struts and crossbars are attached to the rafter leg. Ridge run bolted to each truss. This connecting element must be made of a sturdy bar.

With a significant width of the building, it is necessary to install purlins, this is a horizontal bar measuring 50 × 150 mm, supporting the rafters. For its installation, vertical racks are installed, resting on the bench. These elements will form the basis of the frame for the attic space.

To avoid water flowing onto the walls, it is necessary to provide an overhang; for this, the rafters are made hanging by 30 cm or additional "filly" boards are attached.

A crate is stuffed onto the finished rafters, the required step is selected for each roofing material, and a continuous flooring is made for bituminous tiles. Roof insulation is an important part of construction. You can reduce heat loss to a minimum by correctly laying the insulation. For this, basalt wool is taken, the width of the material is equal to the step between the rafters, which allows you to quickly and reliably perform insulation. Provide reliable protection the roof from moisture will help laying waterproofing.

The symmetrical gable roof model is the easiest to build and the most reliable option in operation. The load in the rafter system is evenly distributed, which allows you to extend the service life of the structure. Visual videos lessons will help you master the intricacies of work.

Video

This video explains how to build a gable roof truss system:

In this video, you can see the rafter system using one gable roof as an example:

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Step-by-step installation gable roof - DIYer's guide

Professionals consider the gable system to be the simplest and most affordable, this is partly true, but for home master self-assembly roofs of any configuration can be a problem. Therefore, further we will analyze all the stages of construction step by step. gable structure, starting with professional terminology and ending with arrangement roofing cake.

Basic concepts and subtleties

Before you go to the store for material and try to do something with your own hands, it will be useful to figure out what exactly you want, because there are several types of gable systems. And in order to compose an elementary project, you need to know the basic principles and terminology.

What and how is it called

• Mauerlat- this is a bar that serves as a support for the rafter legs and is mounted along the perimeter of the outer load-bearing wall. The minimum section of such a bar is 100x100 mm. It can be monolithic or type-setting, that is, it consists of 2 bars of a smaller section;
• Rafter leg- this is an inclined beam with the lower side resting on the Mauerlat, and the upper connection of such beams forms a ridge, in a gable system there are 2 of them. Minimum thickness rafter leg 50 mm. The width of the beams can be from 150 mm and more;
• Farm- the connection of two rafter legs (triangle), called a truss. The number of trusses depends on the length of the structure, the minimum pitch of the trusses is 600 mm, the maximum is 1200 mm. The choice of step depends on the weight of the roofing cake, as well as on what the snow and wind load is in the area;
• Ridge- the upper line of the connection of the rafter legs and two planes of the roof, it is also called the ridge run;
• Filly- overhangs from the edge of the rafter leg to the outer load-bearing wall. On front side the overhang is filled with a frontal board, which often serves as a support for the installation of roof drainage gutters;

• Racks- vertical supports, which take on a significant part of the weight of the rafter structure. V small houses the rack is placed only in the center, and supports the skate. With significant roof sizes, as well as in houses with a residential attic, intermediate racks are mounted;
• Braces- small beams, which are mounted at an angle and provide additional stability for roof trusses;
• Tightening- a horizontal beam, pulling together 2 adjacent rafter legs. It can also be called a fight or a crossbar;
• Sill- this is to some extent an analogue of the Mauerlat, only here the beam is mounted on top of an internal load-bearing wall or several internal walls;

• Lathing- boards stuffed on top, perpendicular to the rafters. The lathing can be solid and with gaps, it all depends on the weight and device of the roofing cake;
• Run- an analogue of a ridge bar, but ordinary purlins are mounted along the entire plane of the roof, they strengthen the trusses and serve additional support rafter legs.

Types of gable structures

Illustrations	Explanations
	Symmetrical system. The symmetrical rafter system is considered the most reliable and easiest to install. The loads are evenly distributed here, so the thickness of the roofing cake does not play a big role.
	Asymmetric system. Asymmetry is good not only for its original appearance, it is easier to equip a living space under such a roof. But, at the same time, much more calculations will be required, because the loads on the base and the roofing cake differ greatly.
	Broken roof. Formally, there are already more than 2 slopes in such a roof, but the installation procedure for broken and classic structures is similar. Therefore, they are united in one direction.

What is the difference between layered and hanging systems

If the distance between the outer walls does not exceed 10 m, and there is no major wall inside the house, then hanging rafters are installed. They lean on the Mauerlat and pull together at the bottom ceiling beams, plus in some cases additional lateral tightenings are mounted.

Installation of layered rafters can be carried out only if there are capital walls inside the house. In this case, the dimensions of the structure do not have of great importance... The lift system is much more practical and durable, because a significant part of total load takes over the pier.

A few words about calculations

When calculating any roof, 3 main components are taken into account - these are constant, variable and special loads.

1. Permanent loads include, first of all, the weight of the roofing and the rafter system itself. In unheated attics, this weight often does not exceed 30 kg per 1 m², and if you equip a full-fledged roofing pie with insulation, then here the weight can reach up to 50 kg;

1. The variables include snow and wind loads. To calculate, you need a wind rose and an average rainfall for the region. Here SNiP 2.01.07-85 will help you, according to which in Russia the snow load ranges from 80 to 320 kg / m². Both snow and wind loads are multiplied by a coefficient depending on the angle of inclination of the roof, and this coefficient is constant;

If your gable roof has an angle of inclination equal to or greater than 60º, then snow load you can not take into account, the snow does not stay on such a roof. But the wind pressure is much higher here.

1. Special loads include natural disasters, such as earthquakes and hurricanes. Fortunately, there are not many such places in our country, so they are rarely taken into account in the calculations. Below in the video in this article is given detailed instructions according to the calculation of the roof.

Stages of installation of a gable roof

The entire installation can be divided into a Mauerlat mount, then the rafters, racks and struts are laid, and everything ends with the arrangement of the roofing pie.

How the Mauerlat is mounted

Mounting the Mauerlat, first of all, depends on what material your house is built from. So if the house is brick or made of cinder block, then a couple of layers of roofing material are rolled out over the wall and the Mauerlat bar is screwed on top with anchor bolts or any other studs.

With houses made of aerated concrete (foam or aerated concrete), everything is a little more complicated. Neither the anchor bolt nor the stud in such a block will hold, therefore, a reinforced concrete belt is poured around the entire perimeter of the wall, into which iron studs are initially embedded under the Mauerlat mount.

In wooden houses, the rafter system is mounted without a Mauerlat at all, more precisely, the upper beam plays the role of the Mauerlat.

Rafter legs in wooden houses are connected to the upper beam (Mauerlat) on a sliding principle, that is, not rigidly. This installation allows the rafters to move when the house shrinks.

We mount a simple truss system

Illustrations	Recommendations
	Mauerlat. In this case, the installation of the Mauerlat was performed on a built-in threaded pin, the pin is locked from above through the washer. Plus, for strength, they drove an anchor bolt.
	Extreme farms. To keep the outer trusses in the desired position, they were bolted in the center and additionally secured with struts and struts. These racks are needed only during the installation of the rafter system, then they are dismantled.
	Connection of rafters with Mauerlat. Stage 1. Vertical racks are installed first on the Mauerlat. They are cut from the same timber as the rafter legs. The extreme racks are fixed with two corners, 8 self-tapping screws in each, and the middle ones are fixed in the same way, only with 1 corner.
	Stage 2. On the reverse side of the rafter leg, exactly the same rack with a corner is installed. The rafter leg itself is connected to the racks with long self-tapping screws and through pins with a diameter of 12 mm.
	Stage 3. On the extreme farms, in addition to mounting on the Mauerlat, intermediate racks are also installed (they are not subsequently removed).
	Stage 4. A triangle is rigidly attached between the two racks holding the rafter legs on the Mauerlat.
	Ridge run. Stage 1. The ridge bar must run exactly under the connection of all trusses. To fix this beam on the outer farms, 2 puffs were installed, and the beam itself was screwed to the puffs with corners. Bars of this section are usually 6 m long, therefore, if necessary, they are increased. To make the connection strong, we attached the same bars on both sides and pulled all 4 with 12 mm pins.
	Stage 2. For reliability, the connections of the rafter legs were tightened with metal overlays on 6 studs 12 mm, 3 studs in each beam. If there are not enough pads with pins for each truss, then pull off at least the extreme ones, and fix the rest on both sides with plates for self-tapping screws.
	Puffs on extreme farms. On the extreme trusses, the puffs are installed inward, between the rafter legs and are fixed on both sides with metal plates.
	Tightening on intermediate trusses. Two puffs are placed on the intermediate trusses, they are applied on both sides and pulled together with two studs (12 mm) and four self-tapping screws.
	Reference point. In order to set the intermediate trusses in one plane, immediately after the installation of the extreme trusses, a cord is pulled between them and the rest of the trusses are mounted along it.
	Rafter cut. In order for the rafter legs to lean more firmly on the Mauerlat, triangular cutouts are made in them. But such cuts are made only in block houses, in wooden houses there are no cutouts, there the rafters should slide.
	Filly. From the edge of the rafter leg to the wall, there should be at least 30 - 40 cm. In this case, 50 cm was made. A 10 cm tolerance was left for insulation and siding of the walls.
	Rafter system - the result. We got a lightweight hanging-type rafter system. We did not put the central pillars, so the attic can be made living. Puffs on medium farms are paired, and on extreme ones, single. A single ridge bar runs at the top of the trusses. Since the system is hanging, the rafter legs are double reinforced.

There is one more important point: in wooden houses, in addition to the sliding attachment of the rafter legs to the Mauerlat, it is advisable to make the ridge connection also movable. The easiest way is to fasten metal plates on both sides of the rafter leg and “sew” these plates with a central pin, as in the photo below.

How a roofing pie works

Roofing pie scheme for everyone pitched roofs is similar, but the editing technology and the sequence of actions may be slightly different. If there are enough funds for a quick arrangement, then the pie is mounted from the bottom up and the entire roof is made in a maximum of a week. But if the house is being built gradually, then they act differently.

With limited financial resources, you can first equip the roof under cold attic, and then (when money and time will appear) insulate everything with your own hands.

To begin with, a vapor barrier is mounted on top of the rafter system. The rolls are rolled out perpendicular to the rafters and cover each other from bottom to top. As the roll is rolled out, the membrane is nailed to the rafters with counter battens (50x50 mm), and on top of these bars the main batten is stuffed.

After the first roll is unrolled and secured, the next roll is rolled on top of it with an overlap of 150 mm. After that, it is also fixed with a counter lattice, on which the lathing is stuffed. It is not worth measuring the overlap of the next roll, there is a line on it for this.

The pitch of the roof lathing can be different, for example, the slats are stuffed with a gap of about half a meter under the metal tile, and if you have ceramic roof tiles, then there you need to focus on the size of the plates.

It is also easy to insulate the roof from the inside. Slabs mineral wool simply inserted from below between the rafters. Further, the insulation is hemmed with another membrane, on which you can already sew fine finishing attic.

If you prefer soft bituminous shingles, then the diagram below shows step-by-step instruction her arrangement.

Output

A gable roof is a good choice for a beginner home craftsman. I tried to highlight the main stages and subtleties of its arrangement. If you still have questions, write in the comments, I will try to help.

October 9, 2017

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