The cold climate, the constant rise in the price of energy resources (retail prices for consumers are growing despite the fall in world prices) and the economic crisis are forcing us to reconsider our attitude to the problem of thermal insulation of buildings. Heating houses built in the old fashioned way is a waste today. The updated building codes prescribe new, energy-saving standards in the field of thermal insulation of the external fences of buildings. Modern heat-insulating materials, including thermal panels for the facade, help to improve the heat-saving characteristics of buildings.

What is a facade thermal panel

Thermally insulated facade sandwich panels are known to many; they can be seen on the walls of hypermarkets, shopping pavilions and industrial buildings built from metal structures. Panel where thermal insulation material is placed between metal sheets, hung on a supporting steel frame. A sandwich panel, in fact, is a sufficiently thermally insulated outer wall that does not require finishing either inside or outside.

Unlike sandwich panels, facade thermal panels are not the main wall material. Neither strength characteristics nor thermal insulation properties are sufficient for them to independently fulfill the role of an external fence. Facade thermal panels serve exclusively for additional external insulation of the walls of buildings under construction or existing buildings.

Thermal panels for exterior decoration of the house - two-layer. A weather-resistant and durable finishing (protective-decorative) layer is applied to the plates of rigid heat-insulating material. For each of the layers, different materials can be used, which differ markedly in their characteristics and properties.

Facing the facade with thermal panels is a quick and effective way to improve the thermal insulation of the building and give the house a solid appearance

Materials for thermal insulation layer

The heat-insulating layer performs heat-insulating functions and at the same time serves as the structural basis of the facade thermal panel. It must be rigid and strong enough to support the weight. finishing material and not be crushed by accidental impacts. The main materials used as a thermal insulation base for double panels are as follows:

The foundation facade panel- insulation, on which a protective and decorative layer is applied

Polymer heaters

• Styrofoam is the cheapest, but the least durable of the considered materials for external insulation. Waterproof, vapor tight. Combustible, under the influence of high temperature emits suffocating gases. For thermal panels, dense foam plastic of a grade not lower than PSB-S-25 should be used, for panels with a relatively heavy clinker cladding, a maximum density grade of PSB-S-50 should be used.

• Extruded polystyrene foam (EPS) has a denser and more uniform structure and has greater strength than conventional foam. Also vapor-waterproof, slightly less combustible.

• Polyurethane foam - the most expensive of polymeric heaters, has the best strength characteristics, high service life. Vapor-waterproof, does not burn, but melts. A good base for clinker cladding.

Mineral heaters

• Rigid mineral wool boards differ from polymer thermal insulation in that they are non-combustible and vapor-permeable. They are not damaged by rodents. The material has mechanical viscosity, it is more difficult to leave a dent on it. At the same time, mineral wool has much better adhesion to cement mortars than polymers.
  Consequently, the coating on it will hold more reliably, and the thermal panels, being glued to the wall on the cement composition, will not fall off ahead of schedule. For the production of double facade panels, rather expensive rigid mineral wool boards with a density of at least 175 kg/m3 are used.

• Foam glass is a heavy, but extremely durable, vapor-tight and water-absorbing insulation. It is used infrequently, only where there is a risk of damage to the panels. Withstands shock, does not form dents.

All of the above heaters have approximately similar thermal insulation properties. There is a difference, but it is small - the denser the material, the "colder" it is. The thickness of the heat-insulating layer can be different, the most common sizes are 30, 50 and 80 mm.

Materials for the finishing layer

The materials of the finishing (protective and decorative) layer for facade thermal panels should be relatively light, weather-resistant, durable, and have good adhesion to adhesives. The industry offers double panels with many types of finishes, we will consider only the most common and relatively affordable:

Facade plaster from stone chips

Facade plaster from stone chips is made from small (1-4 mm) pebbles, fastened with a transparent polymer composition. The heat-insulating layer must first be coated with a primer, the surface of the mineral wool boards must be leveled. An additional layer of soil reinforced with fiberglass is applied to insufficiently rigid insulation.

Stone chip plaster can have many shades and textures, depending on the color and size of the pebbles that make up the mixture. Finishing the house with thermal panels made of stone chips is very durable, reminiscent of lining with natural fine-grained granite. The panels are rectangular in shape, neatly fitted joints do not require filling.

Panels finished with facade plaster resemble stone slabs

Clinker tiles

The clinker tile has a thickness of 6-10 mm, is made of clay completely baked (not baked, namely baked) at a high (1200 ºC) temperature. The facade of the house finished with clinker thermal panels is indistinguishable from masonry made of high-quality full-sized ceramic bricks.

House finished with double clinker wall panels, looks very solid, and its facade will not require repair for many decades

The clinker is glued to the heat-insulating base with a special adhesive, the seams between the individual tiles can be filled during the manufacture of the thermal panel or after its installation. After the panels are installed, the joints between them are filled with a special grout. Especially for the insulation of external corners, L-shaped corner panels are produced, lined with special corner tiles. High-quality clinker tiles - the material is extremely strong, durable and aesthetically attractive. But dear.

Thermal panels with clinker cladding are available in various options. In addition to ordinary panels, manufacturers offer different kinds corner and window, it greatly facilitates Finishing work and improve their quality. The problem is only cutting the panels along the length if it was not possible to place them on the wall in multiples of whole tiles.

In high-quality thermal panels with clinker cladding, the insulation is not just a rectangular sheet-panel. It has a figured selection, a kind of lock that facilitates installation and increases the thermal insulation properties of the panel.

During installation, the panels are inserted into the groove one another, this excludes their vertical displacement and eliminates cold bridges.

The photo shows how, during installation, the master inserts the lock of the next clinker panel into the groove of the adjacent

Concrete-polymer facade tiles

Concrete-polymer facade tiles It is made of glass-reinforced quartz sand and white cement with the addition of dyes. Polymer additives improve the properties of concrete, giving it greater strength and durability.

Tiles can have different sizes and colors, imitate natural brick or stone. It comes pre-painted. Concrete tiles are not as strong, durable and beautiful as clinker, but they are much cheaper. Manufacturers offer a wide range of shapes and colors. For thermal panels, thin tiles with a thickness of 6-10 mm are used.

Manufacturers offer facade insulated panels lined with concrete-polymer tiles of a wide variety of textures and colors.

Concrete-polymer monolithic finishing layer

The concrete-polymer monolithic finishing layer is cast in the form of a single element over the entire area of ​​the thermal panel. The insulation is fixed during the casting process. The composition of raw materials is the same as for concrete tiles: quartz sand, cement, polymer additives. The finishing layer with a thickness of 8-14 mm can be given any, the most whimsical texture, it is determined by the form for casting.

concrete surface can be painted in production or after installation. The dimensions of thermal panels with a monolithic coating are limited in order to avoid cracks. As a rule, double panels with a cast finishing layer are made on foam insulation they are the cheapest.

Insulated panels with a monolithic concrete-polymer finishing layer are heavier than other types of facade insulated panels. Fastening to glue is recommended to be duplicated by fixing with dowels. Many manufacturers immediately cast holes for them, this can be seen in the photo

Types of facade thermal panels

The type of a specific thermal panel forms a combination of one or another type of thermal insulation base with the selected type of finish. For example, a thermal panel on a heat-insulating base made of XPS and a protective and decorative layer of clinker tiles. Or a panel where a sheet of hard mineral wool, finished with facade plaster from stone chips, is responsible for heat saving.

Almost any type of thermal insulation base can be combined with any type of finish. We will not list all possible options, there are too many of them. There are also double panels made using other less common materials.

Features of the use of facade thermal panels

In the review of facade thermal panels, we cannot do without a story about the features of the use of thermal panels. This is something that unscrupulous sellers of building materials often keep silent about, whose goal is to sell their goods at any cost. The fact is that if used incorrectly, wall thermal panels for the exterior of a house can not only not improve the thermal insulation of the building, but also damage it: worsen the internal microclimate and significantly reduce the service life of wall materials. To understand what we are talking about, we will have to touch on some basics of building physics and heat engineering.

Water absorption of building materials and exposure to moisture

Water vapor contained in the air is capable of penetrating building materials to varying degrees and, under certain conditions, accumulating in them. The more in building material open pores, the more moisture can penetrate and retain. For instance, gas silicate blocks able to absorb up to 60% of water from its volume. Of the wall materials, wood, aerated concrete, and cellular concrete have significant water absorption - up to 40%. Low (20%) - in expanded clay concrete. Relatively low for ceramic bricks - 15%.

Characteristics of various wall materials. If you look at the line "water absorption", we will see that wood and aerated concrete blocks can absorb the most water.

As long as the wall material has normal humidity, it retains the characteristics declared by the manufacturer. When waterlogged, the heat-saving properties of wall materials fall, and under certain conditions their service life is reduced. Most of all from excess moisture wood suffers, less concrete.

Heaters are also characterized by varying degrees of water absorption. Mineral wool absorbs moisture very strongly, polystyrene foam weakly, XPS and polyurethane foam practically do not absorb water. When wet, the heat-saving properties of the insulation drop noticeably.

Weather-resistant protective and decorative materials for outdoor decoration are designed for constant exposure to precipitation and have low water absorption.

Vapor permeability of building materials

An equally important characteristic of a heat-insulating material is vapor permeability, the ability to pass or retain water vapor in the presence of a difference in its pressure on different sides of the material. The more vapor permeable the material, the faster it dries if it is moistened.

The wall of the building, insulated from the outside with thermal panels, is a multilayer structure. Each of the layers has its own water absorption and vapor permeability. Absorbs and releases moisture differently. Let's imagine how moisture is absorbed and released in a single and multilayer wall structures:

Steam movement in a single layer wall

For most of the year, the humidity in the house where people constantly live is noticeably higher indoors than outdoors. We breathe, cook, wash and bathe, wash dishes and do laundry. All these processes are accompanied by the release of water vapor. Part of the moisture will be removed by the ventilation system. The other part will be absorbed by the walls if there is no vapor barrier inside the premises.

In a single-layer (built from one material) outer wall, steam constantly moves from the inside to the outside. Penetrating from the premises into the thickness of brick or block masonry, into wood or other wall material, moisture freely passes through the wall and out into the street, where the air is drier. Due to the fact that the wall has a homogeneous structure, moisture does not linger in it and the humidity of the material is constantly at an acceptable level.

Throughout the year, in the absence of an internal vapor barrier in the wall, water vapor moves from the inside of the premises to the outside

Steam movement in a multilayer wall

In a multilayer wall, the timeliness of the release of steam penetrating into the structure depends on the vapor permeability of each of the layers. The correct construction of a multi-layer wall is one in which the degree of vapor permeability of the layers increases from the inside to the outside. In this case, nothing prevents the free exit of steam, the wall always remains dry.

It is a different matter if everything happens the other way around: the vapor permeability of the outer layers (in this case, the insulation or the finish of the double panel) is lower than that of the main wall. Moisture will not be removed in a timely manner, because outside, on the side where the air is drier, it will encounter an obstacle. The wall material will be damp. As a result, the microclimate in the premises will worsen, the heat-saving properties of the main wall will decrease.

To ensure that the moisture content of a multi-layer wall always remains at an acceptable level, the vapor permeability of the individual layers of the structure must be equal or increase from the inside out. If you do the opposite, the wall will become damp

But these are not all the troubles that can await us with improper external insulation. Let's talk about the notorious "dew point".

Dew point and service life of wall materials

The dew point, as applied to an exterior wall, is the point where water vapor condenses and passes into liquid state, falls like dew. The definition is not entirely correct (in fact, the dew point is a temperature value), but in our case it will simplify the understanding of the problem. The location of the dew point is not only a zone of moisture condensation, but also the place of its greatest accumulation.

The location of the "dew point" in the wall depends on the humidity and air pressure, the temperature outside and inside the building, and other indicators. It can move within certain limits depending on weather conditions and the heating mode in the house. In climatic conditions Central Russia moisture condensation in the wall material occurs at temperatures from 0 ºC to +8 ºC.

In winter, when the outside temperature drops, the wall cools and the “dew point” shifts inside the house. And the water vapor that has already condensed in the wall, when the temperature reaches 0 ºC, freezes. The ice that the water has turned into expands. In a single-layer or properly constructed multi-layer wall, the moisture content is minimal, the ice crystals, if they form at all, are too small to cause harm. But in an improperly erected multilayer structure, where the vapor permeability of the outer layers (thermal panels) is lower than the inner ones (the main wall), the crystals are too large, fill the pores and gradually break the wall material. A damp wall, severe frosts, temperature fluctuations - as a result, the structure of the wall material is slowly but inexorably destroyed.

If the “dew point” location falls on a damp wall, it will collapse. Gas silicate, cellular concrete, aerated concrete will suffer greatly. After a few years, the thermal insulation may begin to fall off along with pieces of the walls. Walls wooden house will be destroyed not only from ice, mushroom rot will cause even more harm. Silicate and poorly fired ceramic bricks will last longer. The process of destruction of expanded clay concrete, high-quality bricks will take place very slowly. Concrete is almost unaffected.

If the outer wall is not insulated (left) or not sufficiently insulated, the location of the dew point and ice formation is on the main wall

How to "remove" the dew point from the wall

We can shift the location of the dew point from the wall, potentially subject to destruction, to the insulation. There will be no serious damage to the mineral wool from condensing moisture and frozen ice, provided that the protective and decorative layer is vapor-permeable enough. Of course, shifting the location of the dew point to the insulation will not completely eliminate the problems associated with the increased humidity of the wall. But at least they won't be so catastrophic.

In order to "lead" the dew point into the insulation, it must have sufficient thickness. Which one is determined thermotechnical calculation, which takes into account the climatic data of the area, the characteristics of the insulation (thermal panel), the existing wall.

As an example, let's take a building, the outer walls of which are built of effective ceramic bricks 51 cm thick. mineral wool boards with a density of 175 kg / m3 should be at least 74 mm so that the dew point is guaranteed to “leave” into the insulation. Accordingly, in this case, it would be appropriate to use a double panel with an insulation thickness of 80 mm.

How to make a thermotechnical calculation of the "dew point" in a multilayer wall is a topic for a separate discussion. The easiest way is to seek advice from experts. Another nuance: if the calculation is made incorrectly and the location of the dew point falls on the glue with which the thermal panels are glued, they will not last long, they will fall off in a couple of years.

If the thickness of the outer insulation layer is sufficient to shift the location of the dew point into the insulation, ice will never form in the main wall.

Vapor permeability of facade thermal panels

In a two-layer facade thermal panel, the total vapor permeability is determined by the material whose vapor permeability is lower. A little about the vapor permeability of the various layers of the facade thermal panel:

The vapor permeability of foam plastic is very low, while that of polyurethane foam and XPS is close to zero. But the vapor permeability of mineral wool is very high, higher than that of all possible types wall materials. Minvata is an ideal external insulation for walls made of materials with high water absorption.

The higher the vapor transmission of external insulation stone wall the lower its humidity. And vice versa

The vapor permeability of the concrete-polymer monolithic finishing layer is very low. Therefore, it makes no sense to manufacture such panels based on expensive and highly vapor-permeable rigid mineral wool. But high-quality facade plaster has a rather high vapor permeability, comparable to the characteristics of mineral wool.

Concrete and especially clinker tiles cannot boast of high vapor permeability. If you place the tiles on a sheet of insulation right next to each other, the vapor permeability of the entire thermal panel will turn out to be low. A similar effect will be obtained if a wide seam is left between the tiles and filled with a material with low vapor permeability. It does not matter if the base (insulation) is also poorly vapor permeable. But if mineral wool is tiled, the vapor permeability of the facing layer must be increased. This can be done by laying tiles with wide (at least 10 mm) seams, which must be filled with a special vapor-permeable grout.

The correct combination of the type of the main walls of the building and the type of thermal panels

Summarizing what was said in the previous sections, we will give recommendations on the use of facade thermal panels, depending on the type of walls:

• Walls made of highly absorbent material (gas silicate, aerated concrete, cellular concrete) should preferably be lined with thermal panels with a high degree of vapor permeability (based on mineral wool with a vapor-permeable finish). The same applies to wood and frame walls with insulation with fibrous materials (mineral wool, ecowool).

Thermal panels based on mineral wool are expensive, difficult to work with, but are best suited for insulating walls made of materials with high water absorption.

• For walls made of material with an average level of moisture absorption (brick, expanded clay concrete), the requirements for vapor permeability of insulation are not so high. It is also allowed to use thermal panels based on polymeric insulators, this will not significantly affect the service life of the building, and there will be no destruction of the walls. But still, mineral wool insulation is preferable.

• Facade thermal panels for the exterior of a house with low vapor permeability can be safely used only on walls with low moisture absorption. These are concrete (as a rule, walls of basement floors), SIP panels and walls of frame houses made of steel structures(LSTK) with foam insulation.

• Regardless of the vapor permeability of the materials, the thickness of the double panel insulation must be sufficient so that the dew point is located in it, and not in the thickness of the main wall.

• A separate issue is the use of thermal panels as a ventilated facade. Some vendors offer similar solutions. In our opinion, this is, to put it mildly, irrational. On the one hand, the presence of a ventilated layer completely eliminates the problem of vapor permeability. On the other hand, the efficiency of insulation drops noticeably, because the wall is cooled through the ventilation layer that removes water vapor. And the thermal panel located outside of the layer works only as a facade decoration, almost without saving heat.

Advantages and disadvantages of facade thermal panels

It makes sense to consider the advantages and disadvantages of a thermal panel not abstractly, but in comparison with the standard insulation technology (“thermal coat”). With the standard method, a heater is first mounted on the facade, and then a protective and decorative coating is applied to it. The final result is almost the same as when facing with two-layer thermal panels.

Advantages:

• The use of facade thermal panels saves time. Insulating walls with a two-layer two-in-one panel is much faster than making a thermal coat in two stages: first insulation, then finishing.

• For a person who does not have the qualifications of a tiler, tiling a large area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe facade with tiles on his own and with due quality is, at the very least, an extremely difficult task. And to mount facade thermal panels with your own hands is quite within the power of the “teapot”, you just need to be careful and follow the installation technology.

Disadvantages:

• Facade thermal panels will cost more than insulation and materials for the protective and decorative layer separately. True, the savings are obvious only in the case self-fulfillment works. If you hire a team, you must take into account the cost of the services of builders. Labor costs for the installation of double panels are lower than for a "thermal coat", which means that the price of work should be less.

• In our opinion, facade thermal panels are somewhat inferior in reliability to the standard method. When installing a “thermal coat”, the insulation is not only glued to the wall, but also necessarily fixed with special dowels with a large cap area. If the insulation is chosen correctly and the technology is followed, it will last on the wall for its entire service life. It is not possible to fix the thermal panel just as reliably without damaging the finishing layer. It remains only to hope for the quality of the glue, and this may not be enough for long-term operation.

Installation technology of facade thermal panels

Detailed recommendations for the installation of specific types of thermal panels are provided by the manufacturer. Information can be obtained from the seller of building materials or downloaded from the relevant sites. The manufacturer's instructions must be followed carefully. We would like to give readers a few additional recommendations:

• If it is not possible to purchase the brand of glue recommended by the manufacturer for fixing the thermal panel to the wall, you must use quality glue, designed for outdoor work and for a specific type of insulation (polystyrene, mineral wool, etc.). This must be clearly stated on the packaging.

• In addition to glue, it is advisable to fix the thermal panels with dowels to the wall, even if the manufacturer does not require this. It will not work to use special dowels for insulation without violating the finishing layer. But you can “grab” the insulation with an ordinary dowel with a small head, it definitely won’t be worse. This can be done without damaging the finish by placing the dowel in the joint between the tiles (the hole is easy to fill with grout) or in the ends of the panel at an angle to the surface. If there are a lot of attachment points, you can do without glue at all.

Video tutorial: do-it-yourself installation of thermal panels

"Dry" installation of facade thermal panels without glue on dowels

We hope we have given readers a basic understanding of the properties and applications of thermal panels. More detailed information on specific products can be found on the websites of manufacturers. Once again, we recall that the right choice of double panels reduces heating costs, and the wrong one can harm the building and the people living in it. For those who decide to use facade thermal panels for insulation and decoration of their home and do not understand building physics, we recommend, at a minimum, to consult competent specialists before buying products.

It's time to dwell in detail on the technology of their installation of thermal panels on the walls of the building - both durability and reliability will depend on the correct execution of this work. facade coating in compliance with all the qualities declared by the manufacturer, and the appearance of the structure.

The cost of the panels is quite high, and if you add the labor costs of the installation team, the total cost will be very significant.

The installation of facade panels with clinker tiles can be carried out by 2-3 people - the technology is not difficult. Nevertheless, it is replete with nuances that must be constantly taken into account in the course of work.

Almost any manufacturer accompanies their products with detailed installation instructions for thermal panels, provided with diagrams or photographs outlining each step. There is no point in repeating such guides, and the purpose of this article is to provide general idea about the method of laying facade thermal panels and highlight some important nuances.

Preparation for installation work

When to plan installation?

Manufacturers claim that the installation of facade thermal panels is not limited by seasonality - it can be carried out at any air temperature and atmospheric humidity. We can agree with this, however, with some reservations:

• First, probably, few people would think of installing them in severe frost, when the walls of the building are covered with frost of a few millimeters, and frozen hands will not give the required alignment of movements when marking and fastening parts.
• Secondly, the installation is associated with the use of polyurethane mounting foam - and it has a certain allowable temperature Range applications and air humidity requirements.

So, most of them are designed for temperatures above 5 degrees and humidity over 60%, and foams with special additives - from -10 degrees and 35% humidity.

• And thirdly, the installation of thermal panels also has a cycle of "wet" work - this is grouting on the mounted facade. It is clear that this should be carried out at positive air temperature.

Thus, it’s probably not worth it to go to extremes and plan the “winter” installation of thermal panels - it would be more expedient to wait for stable warm weather.

What tool will be required?

For installation work you will need:

• Measuring and marking tools - tape measure, ruler, square, building level, marker or pencil.
• Drill (perforator) with a drill Ø 8 mm, suitable for drilling holes in the corresponding wall material. Drill length - at least 150 mm.
• Screwdriver.
• Angle grinder (Bulgarian) with a disk for cutting ceramic tiles.
• Hacksaw, knife.
• Hammer.
• Spatula for grouting.
• Stepladder or construction goats.

Assessment of the condition of the walls

Before buying the required amount of materials, you should carefully “diagnose” the walls of the house - they may need minor repairs or leveling with the help of a subsystem.

In order for the panels to be securely fastened to the facade, there should be no weak points on the walls - delaminations old plaster, karst depressions, deep cracks, loose areas, etc. - all that will not reliably strengthen the dowel.

If necessary, minor repairs will be required.

The evenness of the walls is evaluated - vertically, horizontally and diagonally.

Thermal panels can be mounted directly on the facade if local level differences do not exceed 50 mm.

In the case when small bulges of the wall can be eliminated, this should be done in advance. If the differences are significant, and their elimination will be associated with large-scale plastering work, it will be easier to level the level with the help of a crate.

Work materials

• First of all - themselves, taking into account the entire covered area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe facade and a reserve of 10-15% for sawn-off shots.

Corners are taken into account - you can purchase special corner curly elements for this purpose.

• Starting aluminum profile - along the entire length of the perimeter of the building.

If there is a protruding plinth on the facade, it will be necessary to immediately purchase ebbs of the required size.

• Expansion impact dowels type DK Ø 8 mm, L200-250, at the rate of 8-10 pieces per panel.
• Mounting foam.

It will be optimal to use professional foam with a special gun. Requirement - one bottle of 700 ml for about 15 panels.

Sometimes, instead of foam, they resort to the use of silicone sealant - 1 bottle of 500 ml per 10 panels.

• If you need a crate - aluminum profiles or wooden bars with antiseptic impregnation.

In this case, fasteners for installing the subsystem are taken into account, and the panels will be fastened with self-tapping screws with a press washer.

For grouting, a special frost-resistant fugue of the desired color is needed, at the rate of 1.5 kg per square meter of area.

The main stages of installation of facade thermal panels

Installing the subsystem and start profiles

As already mentioned, if the geometry of the walls has significant flaws, a subsystem will be required to bring the panels to the same level. To do this, it is recommended to mount a subsystem from a special metal galvanized U-shaped profile with a shelf of 60 - 80 mm.

The location of the subsystem guides is vertical. The distance between adjacent profiles is 300-400 mm.

Thus, on a horizontally oriented panel, there will be an average of 3-4 profiles - quite enough for reliable fastening.

Regardless of whether a subsystem is used or not, the next step is to install the startup profile. To do this, a zero level is beaten off around the entire perimeter of the building. It is recommended to carry it out at a height of 150-200 mm below the floor level of the first floor.

In some cases, the zero level can even be below the ground level - the physico-chemical properties of the panels do not prevent such placement.

According to the level, a starting aluminum corner is attached to the wall. He will not play a supporting role, his task is to give the right direction and cover the possible gap between the panel and the wall from below. If installation of socle ebbs is required, this is combined with the installation of the starting profile.

If the installation will be carried out directly to the wall, but there are slight differences on it, beacons (polyurethane pads, 100 × 100 mm) are strengthened at the intended joints of the panels, above and below.

Panel mounting

Installation always starts from the bottom left of the wall, and moves in order horizontally. Naturally, you immediately need to think about the design of the corner.

If curly elements are used, then there are no big problems - it is fixed at the zero mark, and the installation of a horizontal row continues from it.

In the case when there is no such element, the panel is cut across in half, or protruding tiles are cut off - until a smooth vertical edge is obtained.

The insulation layer is cut at an angle of 45 degrees, and a rectangular sample of 10 × 10 mm is made in it for subsequent filling of the resulting cavity with mounting foam. Thus, the corner is obtained by joining the two parts of the panel.

The prepared panel is installed on the starting profile, on which a layer of mounting foam has been previously applied. Holes for dowels are drilled at the seams between the tiles. Their location and number - in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

Some models of thermal panels are equipped with metal embedded plates specially designed for fasteners.

In order to achieve the best structural strength, when facing the facade with thermal panels, it is recommended to introduce a small amount of mounting foam into the holes made through one. The main thing here is not to overdo it - there should not be excess foam.

Through the holes made, holes are drilled in the wall for plastic dowels. They are inserted into the intended place, their shoulder (“plate”) must be drowned in the seam space. Then spacer elements-screws are inserted, which are twisted with a screwdriver, so that the cap also does not protrude onto the surface of the panel.

Hammering should not be used.

In the same way, the next panel is fixed, docking it with the first tongue and groove lock. The process continues until the end of the series.

After that, it is necessary to fill with mounting foam the vertical technological cavities in the insulation, formed during the pairing of the panels. This will seal the joint and prevent the formation of a "cold bridge".

Important note! They wonder whether it is worth filling the entire space between the wall and the panel with mounting foam? The air layer itself is absolutely not terrible, but there should not be air movement under the lining, otherwise the thermal insulation qualities of the panels will lose their meaning.

Therefore, it is very important to seal everything with foam possible locations air penetration from the outside - at the joints, corners, at the start and top finish bar.

The installation of the first row is completed by setting the corner (with or without a curly element) - in the same way as it was done at the beginning. If necessary, the panel is cut to the required size.

The laying of the second and subsequent rows is carried out in a similar way, only the underlying row serves as a guide profile. The difference is that after laying each panel, the horizontal technological cavities at the joints are filled with foam.

Mounting on a subsystem is different in that it is fastened to vertical profiles with self-tapping screws. And yet - of course, the consumption of mounting foam will be higher.

Peculiarities

Different models of thermal panels may have their own installation features. For example, in some cases (with insulation made of PPS or EPS), expansion dowels with a plastic mushroom cap are used, and the attachment points for them are located on the locking parts of the insulation layer.

Finishing stage of installation

When the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe walls is covered with panels, it is necessary to think about the design of door and window slopes.

Here you can choose from several technologies:

• Use of PVC sandwich panels.
• Application decorative plaster on the pre-insulated and fiberglass-reinforced slope surface.
• Laying clinker tiles (the slope will also require preliminary insulation with foam, reinforcement and priming).
• The use of special metal decorative boxes with an insulating layer of mineral wool.

All work on the design of slopes requires the most thorough sealing of all interfaces - air cannot be allowed to enter under the panels.

And finally final stage- accurate and thorough grouting of the joints between the tiles.

This procedure will not only give the wall a finished look - a layer of moisture and frost-resistant fugue will finally seal the facade system, hide the heads of self-tapping screws, and protect the polymer insulation from UV exposure. sun rays. The color of the grout can be chosen to your taste, so that it is in harmony with the overall design of the facade.

The work on the insulation of the facade with thermal panels is a work that requires attention, accurate calculation and special care. No special hurry is needed - although such a house cladding with thermal panels is positioned as one of the “fastest” ones, it will take about three weeks for a medium-sized house.

In the past few years, cladding with thermal panels for facade insulation has become more common in our country due to the growing technical requirements aimed at providing the necessary indoor comfort. Insulating any building is the first step to saving heat and reducing the amount of heat consumed inside.

Description

When it comes to cost, performance and aesthetics – not to mention maintenance and longevity – evaluating cladding materials and façade systems is harder than ever. As with any product, you need to weigh all the pros and cons to achieve the desired result. A wide range of proposals facilitates the selection process, but individual qualities entail restrictions on the use of certain types of finishes.

Not so long ago, insulation and decoration of facades were carried out only separately. Some materials were required for finishing processes, others for creating a barrier from the cold. Today, this method is also widely used, and often the ideal appearance is achieved at the expense of thermal insulation inside the room. Recently, a good alternative has come out that combines two in one, it is such an economical solution.

Facade thermal panels do not require additional processing after installation. Inside there is a layer of heat-insulating material made on the basis of polyurethane foam. Today, it is considered the best in a long list of similar materials with similar properties and characteristics.

Polyurethane foam is significantly superior to polystyrene and other materials. Facade panels have a protective layer of composite material on the outside.

Builders and the consumer were able to appreciate the product due to the variety of colors, reliability and aesthetic appeal.

office buildings and warm private houses, decorated with such facades, look modern and luxurious.

Polyurethane is a synthetic polymer material that is a kind of plastic. It is obtained by the reaction of two liquid components - a polyol and an isocyanate. When mixed, the elements react, foam and increase in volume. When interacting, the mass hardens, forming a fine-grained structure, which is more than 80% and consists of tiny gas bubbles. A distinctive feature is the minimum thermal conductivity of air.

Due to its unique structure, polyurethane foam has no competitors among all known insulating materials. The coefficient of thermal conductivity under various conditions is 0.02 - 0.03 W / (m K).

Minimum values ​​allow you to reduce the thickness of the panel, thus saving valuable space. If we compare brickwork and this material, then the thickness in the first case is 50 centimeters, while in the second it is only 2 cm. Polyurethane foam perfectly withstands significant loads. With a high degree of elasticity, this insulation is able to withstand mechanical pressure in the medium range.

Lightweight foam allows you to perform installation work without much physical effort, it does not affect general design and does not require additional reinforcement. Moreover, it does not load the front and foundation of the structure. With a closed structure, it is an excellent waterproofing material. PPU products are absolutely not afraid of exposure to water.

Thermal insulation protects against moisture, corrosion, mold, does not form condensation on the walls and is not affected by microorganisms or small rodents.

The service life of the product is from 15 to 50 years and depends only on the impact ultraviolet radiation. The only weak point is sunlight. Under its influence, the coating becomes yellow and loses its properties. In the absence of UV radiation, the period is at least 50 years.

The material also has some other features. By design, it is a diffuse open and inert panels. The "dew point" does not exceed the permissible value, so there are no problems with tightness and ventilation (gaps in the back of the facade are not required).

Reliable and accurate connection of surfaces eliminates the appearance of "cold bridges", condensation, harmful microorganisms. The panels have grooves and protrusions that help to avoid the collection of excess moisture in rainy weather. As a result, the building acquires not only the best aesthetic characteristics, but also excellent insulation, which keeps it warm in winter and cool in summer. Today you can buy material at very affordable prices.

The thermal cladding system includes laying ceramic plate 6 mm thick over the thermal insulation layer, the thickness of which is determined in accordance with the calculations.

It requires a mechanically resistant support designed using an EPS or extruded polystyrene covering and paneling system with high mechanical tensile and compressive strength and low modulus of elasticity, capable of supporting the weight and stress generated by the material and thermal expansion.

The insulating layer must have a rough surface, a square profile and no protrusions greater than the thickness specified in the calculations. Achieving the desired result in terms of thermal insulation and durability of exterior coatings is closely related to careful and correct design at all points that can create a thermal bridge.

It is the main culprit in transferring heat through the walls of a building, drastically increasing heating and cooling costs. The panels offer the possibility to reduce these areas by placing a barrier on the outside. External insulation systems involve the installation of material on outside walls with a finished textured facade.

Main characteristics:

• in this case, plumbing and electrical systems do not need to be moved, providing a more efficient upgrade;
• meets environmental regulations, both current and future;
• increase thermal efficiency and comfort by reducing humidity and improving building protection;
• meet a number of environmental standards;
• reduced maintenance costs;
• visually appealing look: Exterior finishes are available in a variety of textures and colors, so you can choose the perfect combination for maximum aesthetic appeal.

The consumer is offered a long service life. The slabs provide a unique palette of smooth and rough textures, ruddy, bright, muted and other colors as a cladding material. This type of finish is currently popular because it is attractive, aesthetically pleasing.

Thermal panels are produced by pouring liquid polyurethane components into specially prepared molds with ceramic tiles. During the reaction, the components foam and harden.

The material allows you to significantly save on construction and decoration.

The thickness of the block is selected based on the climatic conditions in the region. Most of the new buildings are equipped with thermal insulation panel cladding, which meets the required requirements for façade systems. It is installed directly on outer wall which eliminates the need to apply plaster and paint.

decorative benefits: a variety of materials, a wide range of colors, a variety of textures, sizes, opening up new possibilities for the architecture of buildings in general and their individual fragments.

Ceramic tile panels have many advantages over other similar products, including:

• combine two properties - thermal insulation and environmental friendliness;
• have a minimum load on the foundation and load-bearing walls;
• provide additional sound insulation and protection;
• retain their density during heavy showers.

Kinds

As a building and finishing material, this facing product has the following varieties:

• under the brick;
• under the tree;
• under a stone;
• with marble chips;
• metal panels.

Steel are suitable for vertical or horizontal applications. The eco-product is made for facade cladding to order with the desired pattern and is delivered ready-made to stores. For corners, wall panel options are made of foam at an angle of 45 degrees. There are transitions for window and door openings.

The classification might look like this:

• material - expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam, their combinations, extruded polystyrene foam;
• joint method - "thorn-groove", docking of rectangular elements with smooth edges;
• facing material - porcelain stoneware, concrete, ceramics, clinker tiles and others.

Manufacturers Overview

Main manufacturers in Russia:

• "Workshop of facade materials";
• FTP Europa;
• termosit;
• "Fride";
• "Forsca".

Among the main manufacturers, it is worth highlighting FTP Europa- a company engaged in the sale of not only its products, but also other factories. It has established itself according to reviews as a manufacturer of high-quality material. The coating is created from porcelain stoneware, only an insulating layer from domestic.

There are good patented panels from termosit. The production process is a full cycle, the company has created a quality control service, therefore, consumer characteristics are at a high level.

natural materials used in decoration Russian production from "Fride". Including it is porcelain tile, ceramics, stone. As a heater, expanded polystyrene, the joints are made in the form of a thorn-groove.

GammaStone AIR is a modern sustainable system capable of meeting the most ambitious and contemporary stylistic trends in architecture. It also optimizes functional requirements, practicality and comfort. The material is the result of an intensive research process and is a response to the widespread need for effective thermal and acoustic insulation for homes and public buildings. Used with structures and materials that at the same time guarantee permanent aesthetic beauty.

GammaStone AIR is an excellent and unsurpassed cladding material, today it is the most suitable option available on the international market for ventilated facades.

This innovative panel system has been developed in collaboration with the largest and most reliable companies. Hard work has made it possible to achieve best results relating to insulation, weather protection and external noise.

The panels provide ease of installation, versatility in architectural design, original stylistic solutions with wide choice marble, granite, porcelain slabs and large stone products.

GammaStone AIR ventilated facades are really reliable. The panels are subjected to rigorous testing. They are mounted on a metal suspended structure attached to the building wall with layers of insulation.

Pros and cons of the material

Among the main advantages, several advantages can be distinguished.

• Efficiency. Due to their production features and design, the panels perform two functions at the same time. First of all, they provide thermal insulation of the building, as well as decorative cladding.
• High thermal insulation. Provided with seamless installation.
• High waterproofing. Walls and surfaces of facades are protected from natural influences of moisture. In addition, the front mineral layer resists mold and mildew.
• Range. The consumer can choose from dozens of colors and textures.
• Durability and ease of use. Do not require any Maintenance. High-temperature production technology provides the desired strength and aesthetic characteristics that last for decades. The durability and reliability of the panels are confirmed by long-term operation in many regions.

• A light weight. Thanks to this feature, the construction of the building does not require additional preparation and strengthening work before installation. facade system. This condition excludes overloading of the foundation, which allows the material to be used for finishing walls with a height of more than 70 meters.
• Easy installation. Installation is carried out using special rails and simple tools.
• Installation at any time of the year. Do not require special equipment or certain temperature conditions.
• High aesthetic properties.
• Environmental friendliness. The basis of the design is rigid polyurethane foam. It is a non-toxic material that does not pollute the atmosphere with harmful substances. It is absolutely safe for people. The front layer is made of composite material and mineral particles. They are also harmless to human health and life.

Like any material, this one also has some drawbacks, although there are few of them:

• attraction of professional workers;
• significant initial costs.

How to choose?

There are many facade systems for exterior decoration with insulation to choose from. It depends on the type and scale of the building, planning requirements, which may affect the appearance of neighboring buildings.

Panel structures include structural elements that provide lateral and vertical resistance to wind and other environmental influences, as well as building envelopes that provide weather resistance, as well as thermal, acoustic and fire resistance properties.

Such a product allows you to change the appearance of the building in various ways. The variety makes wood house panels an innovative option for architects. There is a wide range of different formats and installation options that create a completely different character of the building.

The gaps provided between the panels allow the façade to function as a ventilation system that retains moisture. Double hardened acrylic resins provide effective weather protection that is suitable for balconies and cladding. Other properties include optimum light fastness, double hardening, scratch and solvent resistance, impact resistance, frost resistance. The product is manufactured in laminate presses under high pressure and temperature.

When choosing products, you should pay attention to the features different models. The manufactured product under the stone will please with a respectable appearance, but it is distinguished by a high cost.

There are a wide variety of panels on the market that imitate the quality of wood texture. They are ideal for small houses, cottages, where you want to create a special comfort.

If you choose a brick model, then such material will resemble real brickwork not only in appearance, but also in texture. It is not so easy to distinguish from the original.

In order not to be disappointed in this type of finish, it is always better to choose a panel with insulation for exterior decoration. It is suitable even for a wooden house, the difference is only in the installation method.

How to prepare?

Polymer finish on the outside of the walls is mounted using frame technology. The main thing is to correctly install the crate, which in most cases is made of wooden bars, and sometimes of an aluminum profile.

The construction of the frame is the main preparation of the wall, if it is even. If this condition is not met, then preliminary work on the organization of the skin is reduced to additional processing and leveling of the surface.

The first profile must be installed perpendicular to the ground, at a point that is considered the lowest at the facade. This is the so-called starting bar. The remaining horizontal elements are attached 50 centimeters from it.

Fastening is carried out by using self-tapping screws and dowels. Now you can set the vertical guides.

Calculations

To understand what is the need for a building material, you need to find the total surface area. From the value obtained, the sum of the area of ​​​​doors and windows is subtracted and 10% is added, which are taken away by cuts and overlaps during work. The resulting figure is divided by 4.55, that is how many square meters. m is in one package of plates.

The number of necessary starting strips for insulating panels is calculated based on the perimeter of the building. The width of the doors is subtracted from the obtained value and divided by 3. In order not to be mistaken, add 5% of the resulting number.

External corners are determined by the sum of the heights divided by 0.45 m. For correctness, add 5% of the value obtained.

One panel requires 5 fasteners, corner element takes 4, and the curb 2. The fastening of the starting bar is at least 10 elements if the fastening is done after 30 centimeters.

When making calculations, it is worth taking into account not only the covered area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe walls, but also heat loss, according to which the material of the required thickness will be selected in the future.

• U value is a measure of how much heat is lost through a given thickness of a particular material, but includes the three main ways in which heat is lost - conduction, convection, and radiation. This is a measure that is always applied in the Building Regulations. The lower the U value, the better the material is a heat insulator. The U value makes it possible to understand the consequences that a thermal characteristic has when it is aimed at complying with current building codes.
• R-value is a measure of resistance to heat flow through a given thickness of material. Thus, the higher the value of R, the higher the heat resistance of the material and, therefore, the better its insulating properties. Heat moves in and out of a building in several different ways, and the R value only takes into account conduction, but does not include either convection or radiation.

Installation subtleties

The slabs must be laid with wide gaps in accordance with local climatic conditions. Structural connections are installed in accordance with the dimensions of the block. Expansion joints should also be used along corners and ridges (and in any case every 9-12 m2).

The clinker tile floor is protected from water penetration and damage by installing suitable seals or metal openings at the top and bottom.

In the construction of the material - polyurethane foam and a composite mineral layer. The first component is the basis of the entire structure of the product, and it implements the function of isolation. The layer of polyurethane foam is protected by a material with an embossed texture. The front is environmentally friendly and almost indistinguishable from natural wood or stone. The finished product is a complex whole.

Working conditions directly depend on the workload. Facade panels are installed easily and without any additional tools. For this, a screw screwdriver, screws, a circular saw are enough.

For a correct installation, you need to perform several operations.

• Mark the horizon around the facade perimeter. Place vertical beacons.
• Install the first row of panels on the horizontal profile. Treat the seams with polyurethane foam.
• Install the next row.
• Qualitatively process the existing seams using a special tool. The procedure is performed at positive air temperature.

You can mount the facade at any time of the year, since the installation does not provide for work with building mixtures.

The panels form a self-supporting structure, since there are practically no vertical loads in it. They are mounted on various solid surfaces: cellular concrete, beams, brick, plaster. There is no need to create an additional base. However, if the geometry of the facade is broken, it is advisable to use a screed. By adjusting its thickness, you can quickly level the surface.

Due to its low weight, the material is easy to install. Mounting facade slabs carried out by installing plastic dowels. This design is not too complicated, but at the same time quite reliable.

The terminals form a flat surface without cracks. They protect the surface of the building from the effects of precipitation, temperature changes, thereby maximizing the life of the entire structure. There are special panels for corners.

Modern techniques offer wide range works and fastening techniques. This range includes the production and sale of aluminum façade consoles and aluminum substructure.

It consists of mounting systems and the main grid. Both consoles and column are designed exclusively for ventilated cladding, making this product a first on the market. All elements are designed in such a way as to ensure the convenience of aluminum assembly and the possibility of adjusting their position in three planes. All this avoids the problems associated with uneven wall surfaces.

There are fixed elements load-bearing structure facade on the superstructure of the building and sliding, which allow other elements to cope with the expansion of aluminum. The offer includes a number of various sizes and a special extension, which allows it to be used in a wide range of dimensions.

Advantages of the aluminum frame:

• high strength;
• weather resistance;
• a light weight;
• low transport costs.

The absence of galvanic corrosion at the junction with other materials and the stamped production method help to prevent stress, microcracks and scratches that occur at the cold bend point.

Although the aluminum stud is designed primarily for cladding, it can also be used with panels of the same material. There are two main types of T-bar mesh, which are used to connect slabs and corners, and as a retaining profile. The use of decorative elements may mask the visible edges of the plates or horizontal seams through which the substructure layer can be seen.

Beautiful examples in the exterior

Polyurethane foam is the most perfect material for insulating the facades of buildings and structures. Panels with ceramic tiles act as effective thermal insulation and have a decorative function. The panel consists of two components: decorative outer side, insulation.

In modern architecture, there are many options for how you can transform the facade of a building with polyurethane slabs. A wide variety of colors, finishes and special effects provide a huge range of creative possibilities for creating the perfect façade. The unique cellular structure of the finishing systems ensures even diffusion of natural light and creates excellent thermal insulation, providing maximum resistance to impact and hail.

Building designers can hide various elements of a building or create intriguing visual contrasts by combining panels with conventional glazing. Offering together extended superior UV protection, façade systems guarantee a long building life.

Insulated panels provide unlimited design possibilities by controlling humidity and reducing energy consumption. Modern manufacturers produce versatile, ventilated systems that accommodate an extensive range of cladding options.

Recently, it has become popular to use slabs with a stone finish or various types of brickwork. Several types of such finishes look especially impressive among themselves, which allow you to highlight several basic elements on the facade, including corners and foundations. Interesting design decision creates a unique and in its own way unique style of the building, conveys the special mood of the residents or adds respectability.

About what features of the choice of facade thermal panels, see the following video:

Without going into numbers, let's do comparative review fundamental differences in the production of thermal panels themselves and dwell on what distinguishes this facade system from others that are popular today in the construction market. Thermal panels are a ready-made facade that can be used both for newly built buildings and for buildings that have been in operation for a long time, the appearance of which would be greatly improved, plus a significant bonus in the form of additional insulation.

Thermal panels have different design features, ranging from the materials of which they are composed, ending with installation methods. Let's define what types of thermal panels are. According to the materials of the facing layer:

• metal coated with polymer paint;
• aluminum foil coated with polymer paint;
• decorative concrete;
• porcelain stoneware;
• clinker;
• plastics.

On the main layer (it is also a heater): - expanded polystyrene (EPS); - extruded polystyrene foam (EPS); - polyurethane foam (PPU).

These types of materials are the main ones in the use of thermal panels. There are manufacturers who are experimenting with other types of materials for the production of thermal panels, but since they are not widely used, we will not consider them. Let us dwell on the advantages and disadvantages of the considered materials in more detail. The cladding layer plays not only a decorative role, but is also a protective layer from an external aggressive environment in the form of precipitation, temperature changes and ultraviolet radiation, ensures the removal of moisture from the structure to the outside. All listed materials of the facing layer can be divided into 2 subgroups:

• Having the ability to remove moisture to the outside (decorative concrete, porcelain stoneware, clinker);
• And not hydrophobic (metal, aluminum, plastic).

  Weather protection is provided by all materials equally well, but with ultraviolet light, everything is not so simple. Materials that have a natural inorganic base, for a very long time, a hundred years or more, do not fade and retain their original appearance. These include all ceramics: clinker, porcelain stoneware. Decorative concrete is somewhat inferior in fading time, but, since it contains inorganic iron oxide pigments, decorative properties have a fairly long period - 50 years or more. Metal siding, metal profile, basement and vinyl siding have polymer coating, retaining a decorative appearance up to 10 years. Another one of important characteristics facing layer is mechanical strength to external influences. All polymer-coated materials are seriously vulnerable in this regard. Monolithic ones have an advantage, because when chips, scratches appear, their appearance is not disturbed.

  The main layer has not so many varieties, but plays a very significant role, because it is responsible for the structural rigidity of the panel itself, thermal characteristics, hygroscopicity, water absorption, flammability, toxicity, and service life. There are heated debates about these materials on the Internet sites. Producers and consumers argue. We will also make our contribution, based on practical experience (more than 10 years) of using these materials in the production of our thermal panels.

  The first material we used was polystyrene foam. Its main advantage is very low cost. The disadvantages turned out to be much more. With an increase in the density of PPS to ensure the structural rigidity of the thermal panel and with the addition of fire retardants to reduce the crazy combustibility of the material, its main advantage is lost - the price. The thermal characteristics of PPS are worthy of respect, however, the diffusion of water vapor is difficult, because the PPS granules are absolutely hermetic. Moisture is concentrated in caverns, which causes the appearance of fungi and the destruction of the very foundation. That is, we can say that the material does not have breathable characteristics. After several years of operation of thermal panels with PPS, such negatives as shrinkage and the appearance of cracks in the joints begin to appear, due to the fact that at a temperature of 40 degrees and above, styrene actively evaporates from PPS. Extruded polystyrene has the same feature. The difference between EPPS and PPS is only in its closed structure. He does not let in moisture and water vapor, that is, you can forget about his breathing characteristics.

  The problem is the fastening of the front layer on the basis. There are two options here: gluing the tiles to the PPS and using tiles with a dovetail design. Both options have disadvantages: when using glue, vapor transparency disappears, the dovetail does not give a strong connection, and the weight of the entire panel increases, since the tile is twice as thick.

  When pouring polyurethane foam directly onto the facing layer, due to the high adhesion of polyurethane foam, the solidity of the structure and maximum tear resistance are achieved. Also, polyurethane foam has a water vapor diffusion identical to wood, which allows moisture to be removed from the wall structure. PPU itself has a very good vapor resistance, which allows it to be used even in frame buildings. Polyurethane foam, although it belongs to the group of combustible materials, is difficult to combust and self-extinguishing materials. At correct installation thermal panels with the exception of air convection, it became possible to use thermal panels on wooden buildings. The positive characteristics of the design of thermal panels made of polyurethane foam include the maximum thermal resistance, the best of all existing heaters. The high service life of polyurethane foam is limited by exposure to ultraviolet radiation, but since it is in the wall structure and covered with a facing layer, we get the opportunity to use the facade system, the same as the entire service life of the building. Ecology also turned out to be on top: the material is an irreversible polymer and exposure to temperatures up to +160 degrees does not cause the release of volatile elements from PPU.

  For the facade system, the fundamental parameters are such parameters as breathable characteristics (moisture removal to the outside), reliable operation, weather resistance, ease of installation. Optimal combination We were able to obtain these parameters by using polyurethane foam as a base in the production of thermal panels, and clinker, porcelain stoneware, and decorative concrete as a facing layer.

  The design of the panel, its geometry, the method of docking are an important distinguishing feature of thermal panels from various manufacturers. Design features (method of joining the panels "thorn - groove") allow assembly in a simple sequence without additional manipulations with glue, alignment along the plane (no steps between the panels). So be careful when choosing a manufacturer, because the facing layer for all manufacturers can be the same, but the design of the panel determines the seriousness of the manufacturer. Pay Special attention on the design of thermal panels! The facing layer, even if it is very beautiful, will not play a role if your building is damaged by uneven joints!

  In conclusion, one more feature of thermal panels should be noted: this is the solidity of the entire wall structure, due to the method of installation. Thermal panels are mounted without an air gap, without the use of subsystems, directly on the wall itself. This ensures the structural rigidity of the thermal panel due to the main wall. Moisture is removed due to the properties of polyurethane foam and the facing layer into the atmosphere. This is what is hallmark from other systems such as vinyl siding, basement siding, metal siding and other materials that prevent the passage of moisture through the entire wall structure. In this case, it is necessary to arrange a subsystem and a ventilated gap to remove moisture into the atmosphere.

  What are the prospects for the development of such a relatively new facade system - "thermal panels"? Whether there is a resource for improvement, time will tell, but today it is clear that such facades confidently take their place among such "classics" of monolithic walls as brickwork and facade plaster, changing the fashion for temporary ventilated facades from developers.

Facing the facade of a private house is made after the insulation of its walls. There are many technologies and materials for performing both types of work. However, it is much more practical to immediately mount thermal insulation and facade decor using a special multi-layer sheathing. To do this, it is enough to purchase thermal panels with clinker tiles, consisting of a heater and a facing coating. Such finishing elements are not cheap, but they are mounted simply and quickly.

What are facade thermal panels with clinker tiles

Decorative thermal panels for decorating the facade of a low-rise private house are a multilayer cake made of several materials. The outer layer is frost-resistant and waterproof clinker tiles made of clay baked at high temperatures. Under it is a heater:

PPU (polyurethane foam);

• EPS (extruded polystyrene foam).

Panel Structure

Conventional foam plastic is practically not used in these facade panels for residential buildings. He's too hot. There are few thermal panels on the market with mineral wool. It is capricious in relation to moisture, which leads to an increase in the cost of installation due to the need to arrange waterproofing, and is more difficult to work with. If insulation and exterior decoration of the house is required to be done with it, then it is best to install mineral wool and facing in the form of clinker tiles separately.

Some manufacturers, in order to give additional rigidity, under the heat insulator of the decorative facade panel, make another layer of the substrate from OSB or LSU. However, this option is more intended for cladding the facades of private houses built using frame technology. For brick or foam concrete cottages, it is preferable to take less expensive thermal panels without a wood or glass-magnesite slab on the inside.

Variant using OSB

Facade of the house, decorated warm panels with clinker tiles, will last at least 20–30 years without repair. This outer cladding resistant to precipitation and drops outdoor temperature. Small clinker tiles of the front finish reliably protect the expanded polystyrene and polyurethane foam inside the thermal panels from external influences. And the variety of their shades makes it easy to select other materials for decorating the facade that are in harmony with it for such a cladding.

Advantages and disadvantages of thermal panels

Facade thermal panels intended for exterior decoration of the house have a lot of advantages, among which are:

Simplicity and speed of decorative design of the facade;

No need for additional thermal insulation of the house;

Durability of polyurethane foam and environmental safety of expanded polystyrene;

Removal of the dew point from the thickness of the outer walls to the cladding, which only increases the durability of private country houses;

A variety of colors and textures of clinker tiles (on sale there are panels with imitation of ordinary or aged brick, adobe and natural stone);

Savings through simpler self-assembly facade finishing own house, consisting of large elements;

Resistance of clinker tiles on decorative panels to mechanical stress, frost, water and fire;

A small number of seams, minimizing the number of cold bridges in the facade cladding made of thermal panels;

The stability of the exterior finish of the house to ultraviolet, even after a decade, the clinker tiles will not fade under the sun.

House before finishing
House after finishing

Among the shortcomings of the considered thermal panels for facades, four minuses are worth mentioning:

The presence on the market of facade building materials for private houses of a considerable amount of low-quality falsification.

The rigidity of the panels having clinker tiles in their structure for bending, for walls with differences of a couple of centimeters, you will have to make a frame.

Quite low with improper installation, only 10-15 years, the service life of the facades of residential buildings with expanded polystyrene inside.

The high cost of thermal panels with heat-insulating layer and external clinker tiles.

Unlike polyurethane foam, expanded polystyrene facing slabs for the facade of the house has voids inside, into which moisture can get. And during frosts, this water freezes, which leads to chipping of the insulation in the thermal panel mounted on the facade of your cozy home. Polyurethane foam under clinker tiles is not subject to this scourge. Panels with it in any case will last at least fifty years.

Types and characteristics of thermal panels for facades

At the factory, in the manufacture of panels, clinker tiles with polymer insulation are connected with glue or simply pressed into it. When using the second version of this facing material, the facades of houses last longer. It is more reliable and durable. However, the price of pressed panels is higher than that of glued products.

The cost also depends on the place of production. Facade thermal panels from German manufacturers will cost more than those made in Russia. This affects the payment for the brand and the transport shoulder to the house being built. However, their quality and the resulting facade will definitely be on top.

E-Klinker

The company produces panels with Polish and German XPS-based clinker tiles. Works since 2010. Also offers finishing and visualization services.

Panel characteristics table

Work examples

Installation instructions

The company provides turnkey installation services. Instructions for independent work no.

Plitker

The company produces thermal panels based on German and Polish clinker tiles. PPU is used as a heater. Has all the necessary certificates, free shipping. It also provides installation services.

Work examples

Presentation of the company

Fraid (termopaneli-fraid.ru)

One of the first companies in this area. Works since 1994. Participant of many construction exhibitions and awards.

Tile	Area, m2	Thickness, mm	insulation	Price from
Feldhaus	0.5 or 1	50/100/150 or 30/60/80/100	Expanded polystyrene PSB-S35	2500 rub.
Estima	0.5 or 1	50/100/150 or 30/60/80/100	Expanded polystyrene PSB-S35	1350 rub.
Cerrad	0.5 or 1	50/100/150 or 30/60/80/100	Expanded polystyrene PSB-S35	1680 rub.
Falcon	0.5 or 1	50/100/150 or 30/60/80/100	Expanded polystyrene PSB-S35	1390 rub.
Kerama Marazzi	0.5 or 1	50/100/150 or 30/60/80/100	Expanded polystyrene PSB-S35	1635 rub.
Opoczno	0.5 or 1	50/100/150 or 30/60/80/100	Expanded polystyrene PSB-S35	1750 rub.
Paradyz	0.5 or 1	50/100/150 or 30/60/80/100	Expanded polystyrene PSB-S35	1650 rub.
Robin	0.5 or 1	50/100/150 or 30/60/80/100	Expanded polystyrene PSB-S35	2740 rub.
Keramin	0.5 or 1	50/100/150 or 30/60/80/100	Expanded polystyrene PSB-S35	1350 rub.
Stroeher	0.5 or 1	50/100/150 or 30/60/80/100	Expanded polystyrene PSB-S35	2520 rub.
A.D.W. Klinker	0.5 or 1	50/100/150 or 30/60/80/100	Expanded polystyrene PSB-S35	2140 rub.

Work examples

Video installation of Fraid thermal panels