You cannot do without high-quality heating in the cold season. There are different types of heating. But the most common among all is the one where water is used to heat the room. Such a system is efficient and practical. This article will consider the features of water heating, its types and the main malfunctions that arise during the functioning of the heat supply system.

Constructional features of water heating

The design of water heating is a closed system. Its main elements are: a boiler for hot water heating, radiators and a pipeline. In addition, the system includes safety blocks, control and shut-off valves, drainage and drainage devices, and air outlet elements. Circulation pumps can also be connected for more effective work systems. It should be noted that water heating boilers are various designs, power and can operate on different fuels.

Steel, seamless, electrowelded pipes with a diameter of up to 5 cm. The pipes must be suitable for working with a pressure of 16 atmospheres and at a coolant temperature of +250 degrees. The system design is dual-stream. There are two pipelines. One pipe is the supply pipe: through it, water enters the heating unit and gives off heat. The second is the reverse: along it, the coolant returns to the heating device.

Types of hot water heating systems

There are such types of water heating: gravity and forced circulation. Possible and combined option.

Gravity water heating

Gravity systems work according to the following principle: water moves from the heating boiler to the batteries and back under the action of hydrostatic pressure. Such a head is formed due to the difference in the density of the heated and cooled coolant. As the water heats up, it becomes lighter and rises up the riser. From the main riser, it moves through the distribution pipes and enters the radiators. And when it cools down, it starts moving down the return pipes and returns to the heat boiler, displacing the already heated water.

If the house is small, then a water heating system with natural circulation will be the most suitable option.

Forced heating

With forced circulation, the uninterrupted movement of water in the system is achieved by installing special pumps connected to the return pipeline. How to choose a pump for heating can be read here. The movement of the coolant occurs due to the pressure difference between the forward and reverse stroke. Most of all, such systems are suitable for multi-storey buildings.

These types of water heating have their pros and cons. When choosing the type of system, you need to take into account the characteristics of the room, the number of storeys and a number of other nuances. For example, a forced circulation system requires electricity to function. Therefore, to ensure the uninterrupted operation of the structure, an uninterruptible power supply is used.

Types of heat carriers for heating systems

Hot water heating systems are versatile, high level heat dissipation, ease of installation and affordability. Different liquids can be used as a heat carrier in heat supply systems.

Most often, water or antifreeze is used as a heat carrier in water heating systems.

Each of the liquids has its own advantages and disadvantages, features that you need to know to ensure the efficient operation of the equipment. The most accessible type of coolant is water for the home heating system. It features good heat transfer performance, low cost and no need for frequent replacement.

Antifreeze is usually used for new generation heating units. With such a coolant, problems with defrosting the pipeline disappear. Produce a liquid based on propylene glycol and ethylene glycol. These substances are very toxic and unsafe for humans. To reduce toxicity and increase heat transfer, distilled water is used for heating: it is added to antifreeze. The main thing is to adhere to the required percentage.

Inhibitors are often added to traditional heat transfer fluids to dissolve scale on the inner walls of the battery. This makes it possible to use different types of heat carriers without harm to heating devices.

Calculation of the volume of the coolant

It should be noted that water heating boilers for heating can have different capacities. You need to know what is the maximum volume of the heat supply system at a certain boiler power. Otherwise, the heating of the room will be insufficient, the system will work uneconomically and ineffectively. The required volume of water in the heating system is determined based on the following ratio: for 1 kW of boiler power, 15 liters of coolant are needed.

Possible malfunctions in the heating system

As a rule, malfunctions of hot water heating are manifested in a decrease in temperature in the heated rooms. Of course, first you need to make sure that the heating is not turned off due to maintenance or repairs.

The reasons for the drop in temperature can be:

• violation of water circulation;
• malfunction of the control unit.

To determine what exactly is causing the poor heating, you need to take a thermometer and check the temperature of the water that is supplied to the system. If the temperature is lower than the set temperature, there is probably a problem in the control unit. If the temperature corresponds to the standard indicator, then, most likely, the system is incorrectly adjusted or the coolant is not circulating correctly. Most often, the problem of poor heating is caused by impaired water circulation.

Therefore, it is worth mentioning the reasons that lead to poor circulation:

If you do not have certain knowledge and skills, you do not need to try to solve the problem yourself. In this case, to eliminate the cause of poor heating, it is better to seek the help of a specialist.

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Water heating at home

1. Types of home heating systems

2. Types of heating boilers

3. What pipes to choose for heating?

4. What is the best choice for heating radiators?

5. Installation of the heating system of a private house

Hello everyone! This article will consider the following questions: what types of home heating systems exist, what are their advantages and disadvantages, what heating boilers are, which heating pipes and radiators are better to choose, and also the technology of installing a water heating system at home will be considered.

The most traditional heating system for Russia is water heating, where water acts as a heat carrier. This is a time-tested reliable system that allows you to most efficiently heat your home in the harshest winter cold. Therefore, most homeowners choose water as the heating medium in their heating system.

Private houses and cottages are built mainly away from utilities, including central heating... That is why independent autonomous water heating systems are used in private houses. In such a heating system, water circulates in a closed circuit of pipelines. That is, water, when heated in the boiler, enters the radiator through the pipeline, where it gives off part of the heat, heating the room and then flows back through the pipeline to the boiler for reheating, and the cycle repeats again.

Types of home heating systems

There are three types of water heating systems: one-pipe, two-pipe and collector. Let's consider each heating system in more detail.

One-pipe heating system

In a one-pipe or single-circuit heating system, all radiators are connected in series to one pipe. That is, the water cooled down in the radiator enters the heating pipe, where hot water flows, thereby cooling the coolant. And as it passes through each subsequent radiator, the water will lose more and more heat. Therefore, a one-pipe heating system should not be too long, otherwise the house will warm up unevenly.

In a one-pipe system, the connection of the radiator to the heating pipe can be of three types. The first type: diagonal connection - when, on one side, the hot water inlet pipe is connected to the upper part of the radiator, and on the other side, the cooled water outlet pipe is connected to the lower part. Second view: parallel connection- when the inlet and outlet pipes are connected to the bottom of the radiator. The third type: reverse diagonal connection - when on one side the inlet pipe is connected to the lower part, and on the other, the outlet pipe is connected to the upper part of the radiator.

Many information resources claim that a one-pipe heating system does not have the ability to adjust the temperature of a separate radiator and does not have the ability to replace a radiator without turning off the entire heating system. But if stop valves (pipeline valves) are installed at the inlet and outlet of the radiator, the possibilities of a one-pipe heating system will dramatically expand. This will allow you to regulate the temperature of the radiator by decreasing or increasing the flow rate of the water entering it. In addition, shutting off both radiator taps (at the inlet and outlet) will completely disconnect the radiator from the heating system and, in the event of leaks in the radiator, replace it with a new one without shutting off the entire heating system.

Two-pipe heating system

In a two-pipe heating system, as you might guess from the name, two pipes are used: one pipe supplies hot water to the radiators, and the other pipe takes chilled water from the radiator. Thanks to this, uniform heating of all heating radiators is carried out, regardless of the length of the pipelines.

As in a one-pipe heating system, shut-off valves are installed on each radiator (inlet and outlet) to regulate the heating temperature of the radiator. Also, shut-off valves will disconnect the radiator from the system to replace it, without shutting off the entire heating system.

The only drawback of a two-pipe heating system is the excessive number of pipelines compared to a one-pipe system. This, in turn, increases the cost of materials.

Collector heating system

In the collector system, the heated coolant from the boiler is supplied to the collector, and already from the collector through pipelines, water is supplied to the heating radiators. The manifold is a pipe that has one large diameter inlet and several small diameter outlets. In the switchboard, as a rule, there is one collector for supplying water to radiators, and one collector for receiving cooled water. Thus, each radiator has a separate circuit, which will allow you to regulate the temperature and turn off any radiator without affecting the entire system. Or, instead of a radiator, connect a warm floor system.

The disadvantage of the collector system is the huge number of pipelines. In addition, a circulation pump must be connected to each heating circuit, because small diameter pipes are used in the circuit, and it will be almost impossible to pump water through all circuits with one pump.

From the foregoing, it follows that the collector system allows you to smoothly regulate the temperature in each room, however, an overabundance of pipelines and pumps significantly increases its cost. The most reasonable application of a collector heating system is to use floor heating systems instead of radiators.

Types of heating boilers

The center of the entire autonomous hot water heating system is the boiler. The main task of the boiler is to heat the coolant. As a rule, the boiler consists of two chambers: a combustion chamber, in which fuel is burned, and a heat exchanger, in which heat is transferred to the coolant from the combustion chamber.

Boilers are single-circuit and double-circuit. A single-circuit boiler heats water only for heating, but if you connect a boiler to it indirect heating, then the boiler will also be able to heat water for hot water supply. Double-circuit boilers have two heat exchangers: primary and secondary. The primary heat exchanger heats water for heating, and the secondary heats water for hot water supply. The main disadvantage of double-circuit boilers is that two heat exchangers cannot work at the same time. That is, the primary heat exchanger for heating is turned off when the hot water supply tap is turned on, and all the energy is spent on heating the secondary heat exchanger.

Also, boilers are distinguished by the type of fuel used to heat the coolant. There are gas, solid fuel, liquid fuel, electric and combined boilers.

Gas boilers

The most inexpensive, and therefore the most profitable fuel for heating a house is gas, which is abundant in our country. The only trouble is that the gas main is not connected to every site, which means that using a gas boiler to heat a house will be lucky only for those lucky ones who have a gas main not far from their home. In addition, during the combustion of gas, practically no harmful substances and soot are emitted.

Advantages:

Cheap fuel is used with maximum efficiency;

Constant monitoring of the gas supply is not required;

Lack of fuel storage tanks;

Long service life.

Disadvantages:

To connect a gas boiler, permission from the relevant authorities is required;

The complete dependence of home heating on the gas service, if the gas is cut off, the house will freeze. Therefore, it is required to install an additional boiler operating on a different type of fuel;

Solid fuel boilers

Price solid fuel boiler rather low, and its work does not depend on the lack of gas or electricity in the house. But to ensure the continuous operation of a solid fuel boiler, it is necessary to regularly throw fuel (peat, wood or coal) into it, as well as clean the ash pan from ash.

Advantages:

Inexpensive;

Long service life;

Does not depend on the work of utilities;

Disadvantages:

Requires regular loading of fuel and cleaning the combustion chamber from combustion products;

It is necessary to have a room for storing solid fuel;

Requires a separate room for equipment.

Oil-fired boilers

Unlike solid fuels, the supply of liquid fuels can be automated. However, to automate the supply, electricity is needed, with which malfunctions and shutdowns can occur. And in order to make the liquid fuel boiler completely autonomous, it is necessary to have alternative sources of power supply in the house.

Advantages:

The oil-fired boiler is almost completely autonomous;

High efficiency.

Disadvantages:

A large tank for liquid fuel is required, which significantly increases the fire hazard of the building;

Requires a separate room for equipment.

Electric boilers

Electric boilers are completely dependent on the availability of electricity in the house, therefore, the house simply needs a backup boiler that works with no other type of fuel, or have alternative source power supply at home. In addition, to heat a large area, a more powerful boiler is needed, and boilers with a capacity of 6 kW or more require connection to a three-phase network, which is not always possible.

Advantages:

Simple to operate;

Compact, does not require a separate room;

Does not require a chimney;

Silent.

Disadvantages:

Consumes a large amount of electricity;

Powerful electric boilers require a three-phase network.

Combined boilers

Combined boilers are used when there are frequent interruptions in the supply of one of the energy sources: gas, liquid fuel, electricity. Combination boilers can support up to four energy sources.

Advantages:

Support for various energy sources.

Disadvantages:

Large dimensions;

Great value.

To determine the choice of the boiler, you must first make all the necessary calculations for the heat loss at home. Based on these calculations, determine required power boiler, and only then choose the most cost-effective energy sources.

How to choose pipes for heating?

The next important step in the design of a water heating system is the choice of pipes for heating, or rather the material from which they are made. After all, the building materials market is simply replete with a variety of types of heating pipes: steel, copper, polypropylene, metal-plastic, cross-linked polyethylene, corrugated pipes from of stainless steel... Each type of pipe has its own advantages and disadvantages and they lead in different operating conditions in different ways. Let's take a closer look at each of them.

Steel heating pipes

Steel pipes in heating systems have served mankind for more than a dozen years and have established themselves as a very reliable type of pipes. Steel pipes perfectly withstand heavy loads, both from the outside and from the inside. In terms of temperature characteristics, steel pipes are superior to many of their competitors. They can withstand prolonged exposure to high temperatures, in addition, steel pipes have a rather low coefficient of linear expansion, which makes it possible to use extended sections in the heating system. However, steel has one property, which can be attributed to both advantages and disadvantages: it heats up rather quickly and cools down quickly. Therefore, long heating mains must be insulated without fail in order to avoid large heat losses from the boiler to the radiator. Particular attention should be paid to the thermal insulation of steel pipes that do not have contact with the air of the heated room (laid under the floor or in the wall).

As you know, steel is susceptible to corrosion, which significantly reduces its service life. Corrosion processes in water with high acidity proceed more slowly, therefore, artificially increasing the acidity of water using special means will increase the service life of the heating system. It will also increase the operational life of painting pipes with anti-corrosion compounds. Against the background of the above disadvantages, another disadvantage stands out - the complexity of installation. Steel pipes are connected in two ways: threaded connection and welding. Both require special knowledge and skills, and the likelihood of leakage in the joints is quite high. But due to the low cost, many homeowners choose this particular type of pipe. The service life of steel pipes in the heating system is 15-20 years.

Copper heating pipes

If you want to install a very reliable and durable heating system and money allows it, then of course the choice will fall on copper pipes. After all, they perfectly withstand high temperatures, do not corrode, have high strength and long service life. However, the installation of the heating system from copper pipes should only be entrusted to an experienced technician. As in the case of steel pipes, copper pipes that are not in contact with the air of the heated room must be thermally insulated. The service life of copper pipes in the heating system is 50-100 years.

Polypropylene heating pipes

An inexpensive type of pipes with quite good characteristics, given their cost. Polypropylene pipes are corrosion resistant and easy to install. However, the operating temperature is at polypropylene pipes is 70-90 ° C, which limits their use in a system with high temperature coolant. As for the connection of polypropylene pipes, there is one caveat: when welding pipes, an influx of plastic is formed on the inner surface of the pipe, which reduces the inner diameter and, accordingly, the throughput of the pipe. In the future, this will lead to overgrowth of the pipe. In addition, the service life of polypropylene pipes does not exceed 8 years.

Reinforced-plastic heating pipes

Reinforced-plastic pipes are thin aluminum pipes covered with plastic on the outside and inside. Also, the aluminum pipe is perforated so that the outer and inner plastic layers are reliably glued together, forming a single structure. Assembling a heating system from metal-plastic pipes is quite simple and takes a minimum of time. In addition to all the listed advantages, metal-plastic pipes have a weak point - fittings. They are made using powder metallurgy technology, which means they are fragile and lose strength when cooled and heated. Pipes are bent only using a pipe bender. Over time, cracks appear in the places of pipe bends, which further leads to leaks. The service life of metal-plastic pipes is 6-8 years.

XLPE heating pipes

Crosslinked polyethylene differs from conventional polyethylene in the presence of cross-linking between molecules, which increases the overall strength of the pipes. Pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene are able to withstand a pressure of 8-10 atmospheres and temperatures up to 95 ° C. Cross-linked polyethylene possesses molecular memory, which allows pipes to restore their original shape after exposure to physical or thermal stress (shock, heating). Due to the same property, the pipe bends must be fixed, because the pipe in this place tends to straighten. XLPE pipes are corrosion and chemical resistant. The inner walls of the pipes are smooth, which reduces the hydrodynamic resistance. Ease of installation is ensured by sliding sleeve fittings, but such a connection requires a special tool. Cross-linked polyethylene has an increased linear expansion, which requires the installation of expansion joints in the heating system. The service life of pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene, according to the manufacturers, is 30-50 years.

Corrugated stainless steel pipes

Perhaps the best type of pipes for heating from all those described above. Corrugated stainless steel pipes withstand pressure from 15 to 40 atmospheres and water hammer up to 60 atmospheres. Working temperature corrugated pipes is 150 ° C, which allows them to be used even for steam heating. Due to their reliability, corrugated pipes are used in gas supply and fire extinguishing systems. Corrugated stainless steel pipes are easily bent without a pipe bender, while the inner diameter remains unchanged. To install a heating system from corrugated pipes, you only need a wrench.

Many may argue that the ribbed inner surface of corrugated pipes increases the resistance to hydrodynamic friction, however, stainless steel corrugated pipes are successfully used in underfloor heating systems and are used instead of radiators, where the length of the pipes is quite long and all due to the smooth surface of the steel tape. The linear expansion of the corrugated pipe, due to its structure, compensates independently. And stainless steel protects the pipe from corrosion. The service life of corrugated stainless steel pipes and brass fittings is unlimited, the service life of sealing rings is 30 years.

What are the best heating radiators to choose?

A radiator is a device that directly heats a room. It works according to the following principle: the coolant (water), lingering in it, transfers heat to the air around it through the walls of the radiator. When choosing a radiator, one should be guided by the following characteristics of radiators: heat transfer, operating pressure, maximum pressure, as well as appearance.

Heat dissipation from a radiator is a measure of the amount of heat transferred from the radiator to the surrounding space per unit of time and is measured in watts. So for an area of ​​a heated room of 10 m2 with a ceiling height of no more than 3 m with one door and a window, 1000 W is required, while the temperature of the coolant is 70 ° C. For a corner room, 1.2 kW is already required, and for a corner room with two windows, 1.3 kW is needed. Also, depending on the type of wall material and the thickness of the insulation, the total power of the radiators in 1 kW can heat different areas: from 10 to 25 m2. To determine the exact number of radiator sections, an accurate calculation is required, which is best entrusted to specialists.

The operating pressure in the autonomous heating system, where the coolant is heated in the boiler, is 1.5-2 atmospheres. When you connect the system to centralized heating in low-rise buildings, the working pressure will be 2-4 atmospheres. This is a fairly low working pressure, which allows you to use almost any type of radiator.

There are now four main types of radiators on the market: steel, cast iron, aluminum and bimetallic.

Steel heating radiators

A fairly reliable type of radiator that can withstand an operating pressure of 6-8 atmospheres, and the maximum pressure is 13 atmospheres. The coolant temperature in a steel radiator can reach 110 ° C. Steel radiators have an attractive appearance and high heat dissipation. The disadvantages of steel radiators include the lack of protection of the inner surface of the radiator from corrosion. In terms of cost, the most affordable are steel panel radiators, and the most expensive are steel tubular and sectional radiators. The service life of steel radiators is 15-20 years.

Cast iron heating radiators

Cast iron radiators withstand an operating pressure of 8-10 atmospheres, the maximum pressure is 15 atmospheres. Cast iron radiators have been used since Soviet times and serve for 40-50 years. Cast iron radiators are quite resistant to corrosion and poor quality of the coolant. They consist of a section and allow you to independently adjust their number. Large mass radiators complicate installation, however, due to the high mass, the thermal inertness increases, which smoothes sharp drops coolant temperature.

Aluminum heating radiators

Such radiators have an increased heat transfer rate due to the high thermal conductivity of aluminum and the large area of ​​the radiator fins. Also, thanks to aluminum, the radiators are lightweight, which makes them easy to install. Operating pressure aluminum radiators is 12 atmospheres, and the maximum is 18 atmospheres. To protect aluminum against corrosion inner surface the radiator is painted with polymer compounds, therefore, such radiators should be chosen for the heating system. The service life of aluminum radiators is 20-25 years.

Bimetallic heating radiators

Bimetallic radiators combine a steel tubular frame, on top of which an aluminum shell with fins is applied. Thanks to this combination, bimetallic radiators withstand high pressure: operating pressure - 16 atm., Maximum - 40 atm. Also, bimetallic radiators have high heat transfer. The only drawback of such radiators is their high cost, due to the complexity of manufacturing. Life time bimetallic radiators- 25-30 years old.

Installation of a private house heating system

The installation of the house heating system takes place in the following sequence:

1. Boiler installation;

2. Installation of heating radiators;

3. Laying of heating pipes;

4. Installation of additional equipment: expansion tank, circulation pump;

5. Connection of heating pipes to radiators, boiler, expansion tank and pump.

At the same time, before installing the heating system, all preparatory work must be performed: holes are drilled in the walls and ceilings for laying the pipeline, in the places where the radiators are installed, a rough finish (plaster of the walls) must be done, with hidden wiring heating pipes in the walls must be prepared with ducts for them, etc.

The heating boiler, if it runs on liquid or solid fuel, or on gas, must be located in a separate room (boiler room), to which special requirements are imposed for safety reasons.

Requirements for the boiler room:

The volume of the boiler room must be at least 15 m3 plus 0.2 m3 per 1 kW of boiler power;

The height of the ceilings must be at least 2.5 m;

Walls and floors must be tiled ceramic tiles since it has high fire resistance

Boiler room floors must be reinforced concrete;

The boiler room must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation. Ventilation in the boiler room must completely renew the air in the boiler room three times per hour, while the volume of air required for fuel combustion is added to the volume of supply air;

The boiler room must be equipped with a smoke exhaust system.

The boiler itself is attached to load-bearing wall on special brackets, or placed on the floor if the mass of the boiler is too large. In some cases, a separate foundation is arranged for the heating boiler. The boiler must be placed in such a way that there is free access to it, while the distance from the wall to the boiler must be at least 5 cm.

Radiators are placed directly under the windows so that the cold air coming from the windows is immediately warmed up by the radiators. Heating radiators should be placed at a distance of three centimeters from the wall and 10-12 cm from the floor to the radiator and the same amount from the radiator to the window sill. The radiators are suspended on brackets with hooks. The brackets themselves are attached to the wall with dowels or anchors, or they are monolithic cement-sand mortar... The hooks are fixed to the wall so that they are located between the radiator sections. The installation of the radiator is controlled using a level.

With an open laying, the heating pipes are fixed to the wall with special fasteners. Depending on the diameter and type of pipe, as well as the temperature of the coolant, the fasteners are placed at a distance of 80-150 cm from each other.

With hidden laying, heating pipes are insulated so that the coolant does not lose precious heat on the way to the radiator. With hidden laying, heating pipes are not sealed until the first start-up of the system is made and all leaks are eliminated.

An expansion tank is connected to the heating system so as not to damage pipes or radiators from overpressure in the system. It reduces overpressure in the heating system, preventing system elements from bursting and leaking. The expansion tank has a diaphragm inside, into which air is pumped under pressure. When the pressure in the system exceeds the pressure in the diaphragm, water begins to penetrate the space between the diaphragm and the walls of the tank, compressing the air inside the diaphragm itself. When the pressure in the heating system drops, the air in the diaphragm begins to displace water from the tank, thereby increasing the low pressure in the system. Thus, the pressure in the heating system is automatically adjusted. The expansion tank is connected upstream of the circulation pump, where water movement and turbulence are minimal.

To create the necessary circulation of the coolant in the heating system, a circulation pump is installed. Usually it is installed on the "return" line in front of the boiler, because the temperature of the coolant is not as high here as in the "supply". The main thing is that the direction of the arrow on the pump housing coincides with the direction of movement of the water.

After the entire system is assembled, the first start-up is carried out, during which the heating system is checked for leaks.

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How to choose a scheme for water heating of a private house

When calculating a water heating system, everyone is faced with the problem of selecting the optimal equipment, choosing a connection method and drawing the optimal scheme for a particular private house.

The water heating system functions by heating the coolant and moving it along the pipelines to the radiators in all rooms. The system consists of various equipment and other elements, the main ones of which are:

Types and features of heating schemes

The water heating scheme is selected according to the type of boiler and some other factors. So, if the selected equipment does not depend on the availability of electricity, it is worth stopping at a system with natural water movement. The principle of operation is to change the density of the coolant. When heated, it rises itself into the tank, which must be installed in the upper level of a private house ( attic). From the tank, water flows through pipes and feeds the radiators. As it cools, the hotter water is forced out and enters the boiler, where it heats up again. The cycle repeats continuously. This circuit is mounted taking into account some requirements.
:

• a large diameter pipe to facilitate the movement of water (½ - 2 ½ inches);
• place the pipe at a slope: for each meter of the pipe - 1 cm; - heating temperature - over 55 °;
• install the boiler below the level of the battery inlet pipes, for example, in the basement;
• make a drain pipe from the expansion tank to drain excess water.

IMPORTANT: The main line laid from the boiler to the tank must be properly insulated. This will shorten the cooling time of the water.

If there are no problems with the power supply of a private house, it is worth stopping the choice on a water heating system with forcing the movement of water through pipes. The heat carrier is promoted by means of a pump, which is installed in front of the boiler inlet. Such a scheme is much simpler, there are no restrictions on the type of equipment or its installation. The tank can be installed anywhere.

IMPORTANT: Most modern boilers already have a built-in pump and tank. If you purchase such a model, you do not need to mount them separately.

Having decided on the type of water heating system, the optimal connection scheme is selected heating elements:

1. One-pipe. One highway runs along the perimeter of a private house, from which branch pipes go to the entrance and exit from the radiators. The heating medium is supplied and returned through one pipe. The disadvantage of this method is the rapid cooling of water, which is why it is possible to provide full heating only for small house.
2. Two-pipe. Two highways are being installed. Hot water moves along one of them to be supplied to the radiator, and the cooled coolant from the batteries returns back along the second.
3. Collector. It is gaining more and more popularity, as it allows you to minimize heat loss and make the water heating system more efficient. From the boiler, one pipe is taken out to a certain place (center of the room, riser, central part of the house), where the collector is installed. Several pipes come out of it, each of which is fed to one battery, is fed to one of the floors or to one of the rooms of a private house.

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Varieties of hot water heating systems

Most often, a water system is used as heating due to its efficiency in any conditions. There are several types of them, differing in the way of circulation and the peculiarity of installation.

The system with the gravity flow of water through the pipeline makes it possible to heat houses even in areas characterized by instability of electricity supply, lack of main gas etc. To do this, it is necessary to install a non-volatile solid fuel, gas or other boiler (based on the availability of fuel). In addition to autonomy from energy resources, the following advantages of this water heating system can be distinguished:

• Continuity of work. The water moves independently, based on the degree of heating and the temperature in the premises.
• Quiet operation.
• Profitability. For the functioning of the system, a pump, automation and other devices are not installed.
• Durability. By installing radiators that are not subject to corrosion, and by properly installing the pipeline, you can extend the service life up to 50 years.
• Ease of installation. It is necessary to study the principle of operation of the system and the requirements put forward for the installation of its elements

The movement of water through pipes is due to the simplest physical laws. Water, passing through the boiler heat exchanger, heats up, due to which it changes its density. It rises up the riser into the tank, which needs to be mounted as high as possible. Since the liquid expands when heated, it may overflow, therefore, it is necessary to remove the pipe from the tank to drain the excess. From the reservoir, the coolant enters the pipeline. It must be mounted with a slope so that the liquid can move under its own weight. The line is used to supply the coolant to each radiator. Cold liquid has a high density, therefore it goes down and moves independently to the boiler.
A number of requirements are put forward for the implementation of the pipeline, which must be taken into account during installation:

1. The pipe should be wide. The larger the diameter, the easier the movement is.
2. The diameter of the pipes can be different: on the boiler nozzles - 2.5 inches, the main riser - 1.5-2 inches, from the tank to the first radiators - 1-1.5 inches, to the last - 1.5-2 inches. This difference will allow for more uniform heating of all rooms. Otherwise, longer batteries will take longer to heat up.
3. It is important to mount the line in such a way as to avoid, if possible, bends, bends that can become an obstacle or slow down the circulation.
4. The slope of the line must be at least 1 cm per meter.

IMPORTANT: The system with natural passage through pipes can only work when the water is heated above 55 ° C.

A feature of this type of system is the self-regulation of the circulation rate, based on the temperature level in the room. If the house is cold, by increasing the boiler power, you can achieve sufficient fast speed... It is achieved by rapidly cooling the coolant. The warmer it gets in the rooms, the slower it circulates.

Features of forced circulation

In comparison with the previous one, the movement of water in this system is provided by a pump. Since he only needs to create circulation, you can pick up a 3.5 cc engine. m / hour (0.4 atm) for a house of 100-200 sq.m.
3 A more powerful pump may be required in such cases:

• Radiators are installed on several floors of the house. The pump needs to build up a higher pressure in order to lift the water to the upper floors.
• House over 200 sq.m with lots of batteries. It is necessary to ensure a higher circulation rate so that the water does not have time to cool down until it enters the last radiator.
• Pipe type. A smaller pipe diameter creates more resistance to water movement. Certain types of materials from which they are made are characterized by a higher level of heat loss.

Regarding the place of installation, it is believed that it is better to install the pump on the pipe through which the cooled coolant returns. Its temperature in this case will be about 60-70 ° C, which will undoubtedly extend the service life of the pump seals and rubber gaskets. Although this type of equipment is designed to operate at 90 ° C. The system itself also implies the installation of a tank into which the surplus will be collected and from which the pipeline is fed when the liquid cools. The reservoir can be installed of the membrane type. This will make the system "closed", i.e. prevent the access of oxygen inside. This solution allows the selection of radiators made of aluminum or steel, which in an open system have a short service life due to corrosion. The first ones allow you to significantly save money, since they are characterized by low cost, and the second ones - to hang equipment custom size and give the interior elegance by choosing the lower connection type.

A system equipped with a pump becomes volatile a priori. Without the absence of electricity, it does not work. This provides a number of possibilities:

1. The tank can be installed next to the boiler, which will make it possible to avoid piping risers to the upper floor. Due to this, it is possible to run the pipeline along the bottom or to be built into the floor, without carrying out the routing along the walls.
2. Install the boiler with built-in pump and tank. This will save money on the purchase of equipment.
3. Install a boiler with automatic equipment and various devices protection, due to which you can fully automate its work.

Pipe routing diagrams

Regardless of the method of circulation of the water heating system, the pipeline can be mounted according to the following schemes: with one or two lines. They are excellent in design and efficiency. One-pipe method is performed as follows:

1. The line runs from the boiler and runs under each radiator.
2. A branch pipe is diverted from it, through which water enters the battery.
3. At the outlet of the radiator, a branch is installed into the same line for the outlet of cooled water.
4. It is worth installing taps on both nozzles in order to be able to cut off the battery. This will allow you to regulate the degree of heating of the room or replace it, without draining the water from the pipes.

IMPORTANT: With a one-pipe system, you can increase the heating level of a particular room by installing a tap on the pipe under the radiator. If you shut it off, all the hot coolant will pass through the battery.

This method optimal only for a small house. For houses of large areas, the method is not effective. The rooms in which the first batteries from the boiler are installed will warm up faster, but for the rest it will take a very long time, since the already fairly cooled coolant is supplied to them. A two-pipe wiring diagram is performed as follows:

1. The pipe is laid from the boiler around the perimeter of the house under each radiator.
2. From it, a branch is made to each battery, through which hot liquid is supplied.
3. The second pipe is mounted in the same way. Branch pipes are connected to it to drain the cooled liquid.
4. Cranes are mounted on the branch pipes.
5. The pipes are connected to the corresponding boiler nozzles.

This method is more effective. It allows the hot coolant to flow to each battery. The cold one does not mix with it, as in the previous version, which is why it cools down much more slowly. Of the shortcomings of the scheme, the costs for the material stand out, they are more than for a single-pipe, almost twice.

If the house is more than 200 sq. m, both schemes will not be able to fully and evenly warm it up. In this case, several branches are made (through tees) directly from the boiler, directing them in different directions or floors. You can also choose a collector circuit. A comb with several holes is installed on the pipeline from the boiler. Pipes are connected to them, each of which is directed to a specific zone: to different floors, to separate rooms or to each radiator in the same room. The advantage of this scheme is that each radiator will receive the hottest coolant possible. Of course, it is more expensive in terms of material costs.

In such systems heat is transferred by heated water... It is heated in a boiler room, oven or boiler. From here it flows into pipes and radiators, which heat up and radiate heat into the rooms.

It is possible to heat the house without radiators. A similar method is used in small private houses. In this case pipes play the role of a radiator.

Another option for water heating without batteries is water heated floor... In this system, water pipes are concreted into the floor. The heat from their radiation is accumulated in the concrete screed, which radiates it into the surrounding space.

In the underfloor heating system, water does not move well by itself, which is due to the horizontal arrangement of the pipes. Therefore, they build in the system circulation pump.

Important! Water heating can be highly efficient or uneven. It depends on the pipe layout. Uniform heating of all rooms is achieved with a collector circuit. Less uniform heating - with one-pipe and two-pipe schemes, when water moves from one room to another in succession.

System advantages water heating:

• The heating device can operate on any energy source: wood, coal, gas, electricity or accumulated solar energy... Several different boilers can be installed in the system, operating on different types of fuel.
• At correct arrangement heating systems, the coolant (water) moves by itself. The exception is underfloor heating and oil-based fluid systems. In oil systems, the coolant has low flow rates, therefore it moves slowly and also requires the operation of the circulation pump.

In the absence of heating, water in the pipes can cool and freeze... This will require further dismantling, disassembly of pipes, batteries. If the house does not provide for permanent residence, it is necessary to drain the water or fill the system with a special antifreeze liquid, technical oil.

Air

This is one of the old ways to heat your home in which heat from a heated oven is used. The walls and air ducts of the stove are heated when burning inside firewood, coal. Then the heat enters the surrounding space.

The main heating is carried out by means of oven air passages - air ducts... They are laid in the central inner wall of the room.

When laying the chimney in the floor of the room and placing the stove in the basement, you can get underfloor heating construction on coal or wood... Another option - to heat the walls and air ducts, they build in the oven gas injectors... Thus, air heating can also operate on various energy carriers, solid and gaseous fuels.

Advantages air heating:

• Various types of energy are used: firewood, coal, pellets, sawn timber waste.
• The stove can be folded from clay and bricks. Thus, air heating is the most inexpensive arrangement for heating a house.
• Such heating is suitable for heating systems in houses of seasonal residence: at dachas, in country cottages.

disadvantages:

• You must be able to "heat" the stove, do not close the chimney damper until the wood is completely burned out, so as not to cause the accumulation of carbon monoxide gases and poisoning by them.
• The stove must be heated, cleaned of ash, loaded with firewood- this is required every day from 1-2 hours. The exception to the rule is solid fuel boilers long burning, a lot of firewood is placed in their loading chamber. They also have higher operating efficiency due to complete combustion of the fuel.

You may also be interested in:

Gas

This is home heating using energy from gas combustion. The device in which the gas is burned is called a gas boiler.

Advantages:

• Possibility of automatic operation- the house will be heated without the daily waste of time cleaning the stove.
• Relative availability- gas is cheaper than electricity.

disadvantages:

• To connect gas supply required.
• To install a gas boiler need a separate room.
• Periodic system checks are required to detect possible gas leaks.

Electrical

One of the most expensive options heating the house. In him the energy of heating the metal is used, which is formed in the wires when an electric current passes through them. The released heat can be accumulated by a concrete screed, such a heating system is called electric underfloor heating, or accumulated by a liquid heat carrier, such heating is called electric water heating.

Another option is installation of electric heaters. These are devices that generate heat.

Photo 1. Electric heater wall-mounted. The device is connected to an outlet.

Benefits of electric heating:

• Possibility of periodic work, use in houses of seasonal residence. At the same time, the electric floors warm up quickly, the room becomes already warm after 1-2 hours.

Disadvantages:

• High cost.
• To connect an electric boiler at home it is necessary to make a new power supply project, sometimes - replace wires down the street.
• In many villages and multi-storey buildings electrical wires are not designed for heavy loads... Therefore, at a large number connections, the power supply system is out of order.

Infrared foil floor

Infrared floor - one of the options for electric heating. It works from an outlet. The foil floor is produced in the form of laminated panels, inside of which are heater strips. Carbon plates are soldered inside the strips, which emit an infrared spectrum when electricity is passed. Radiation from carbonaceous elements heats objects inside the room.

Photo 2. The process of installing an infrared floor. Laminate, parquet or linoleum is laid on top of it.

Advantages of the foil floor:

• Convenience and ease of installation.
• No rise in floor level as when arranging water or electric underfloor heating inside concrete screed.
• Fast heating.
• If necessary the heating system can be dismantled and install in another room.

Gas, air, water and even electric heating has become the norm for a long time. However, there is innovative methods, which few in Russia have heard of. it heat pumps and solar collectors.

Heat pump and geothermal plants - the best in terms of sustainability

Heat pumps- one of the most eco-friendly species heating systems. For heating houses, they use the energy of natural reservoirs, lowering their temperature by several degrees and at the same time taking some heat for themselves. This is how heat pumps accumulate thermal energy, which is then spent on heating the house.

Heat pumps are divided into:

• To geothermal- work on the energy of groundwater or take heat from the ground.
• On air- take heat from the atmosphere.
• For secondary heat pumps- treat sewage.

The main advantage of heat pumps is their environmental friendliness... They do not create smoke, soot, do not emit carbon monoxide, do not harm nature and humans. Their disadvantage is high price.

Solar collectors - modern heating option

Another type of heating that could be considered environmentally friendly if it were not for the batteries used with lead and electrolyte. Here is the energy to heat the house get through solar panels. These elements are installed on the roofs of buildings. When illuminated, electrical energy is generated in them, which enters the heating system. Basically, a solar collector is one of the types of electric home heating.

One of the main advantages of solar heating was considered to be heating the house at no cost. However, this is not entirely true. During operation, there is no need to spend money on gas, firewood, electricity. But the system itself and its installation require significant cash investments.

Photo 3. Solar collectors installed on the roof of the house. Devices should be angled to best catch the rays of the sun.

In addition, solar collectors and heating system elements are not eternal... They require periodic replacement and cash expenditures comparable to paying for electrical heating at home.

Combined heating: advantages and disadvantages, is it efficient?

Combined heating means use of several heating boilers and various types of energy sources in one circuit. So, water in water heating radiators can be heated by gas, coal or electric boiler.

The electric heating circuit of the house can be connected to common system and additionally fed by solar collectors. This combination of different heat sources allows you to make autonomous heating of a private house uninterrupted

What types of heating systems are better

To select a suitable heating for a private residential building, various factors must be taken into account: the cost of its arrangement, the reliability of a particular heating system.

The best choice- combined system capable of heating a home from several different heat sources.

Heating system selection determined by the availability of energy... Any system can be installed in a private house. In multi-storey buildings, they often use central system heating, and, if necessary, install additional electrical appliances.

The general principle of operation of all water heating systems is the same: the coolant is heated in the boiler and moves through the pipes to the radiators, gives off heat to the room, and then returns to the boiler. Moreover, circulation can be natural or forced. It all depends on what sets the coolant in motion. In the first case it is gravity, in the second it is a pump.

Natural circulation systems

Systems with natural circulation, due to their characteristics, are more suitable only for houses with a total area of ​​up to 200 sq. m, or rooms with few thermal circuits. In addition, they will need large diameter pipes (at least 40-50 mm). Moreover, they are laid at an angle to the horizontal plane so that the water flows under the influence of its own weight. Such systems are difficult to regulate, but they are independent of the power supply.

Forced circulation systems

Forced circulation systems are suitable for houses and objects of any size, they are easy to regulate and are more efficient in heat transfer. A great advantage is the comfort from operation (the ability to maintain the required temperature in each room). They can use small diameter pipes. In such a system, there is less temperature difference between feeding and processing, which increases the life of the boiler. The only drawback is the need for an uninterruptible power supply.

Also, heating systems are open and closed.:

In the first case, an open expansion tank is used to compensate for the expansion of the coolant (water or antifreeze) in the heating system. In the second, a closed membrane tank is used.

In an open system, the expansion vessel must be installed at the highest point in the system. In a closed one - there is no need to place the membrane tank at the top.

Closed system membrane tank has a lot of advantages over open. Here are the main ones: the tank can be located near the boiler, there is no need to pull and insulate the pipe to the attic, pressure is created in the entire system, which contributes to the uniform operation of all radiators, there is no vapor or liquid evaporation. Open systems in our time they are rarely used.

Types of piping in heating systems

According to the type of pipeline design, systems are divided into one-pipe and two-pipe systems. One-pipe systems are different:

With a lower wiring (popularly often called Leningrad), when the heating pipeline passes through the whole house or object in a circle, returning to the boiler. The heating devices are hooked onto the heating lounger; sometimes the pipeline runs directly through the batteries.

Sometimes such a system is used on several floors, making its own contour for each floor. Plus Leningrad: a small number of pipes, no risers, you can position the system without spoiling the design (when there is no way to hide the pipes). Minus the large diameter of the pipes, uneven heat distribution (the first devices are hot, the last ones are cold), the inability to regulate the system.

Second type of one-pipe systems- with an upper distribution (called the Moscow system), when the heating pipe runs along the top of the room and returns to the boiler through the bottom. The batteries sit on risers that connect supply and handling. Plus, such a system the ability to work without electricity, the temperature uniformity across the batteries is achieved using different pipe diameters and thermal calculation the number of sections (moreover, the number of sections in the same rooms will differ, and depends on many characteristics).

Minus systems, the complexity of accurate adjustment of the system, risers and heating loungers violate the design (if it is not possible to hide it in the walls). In Siberia, we have a frequently used scheme in private houses (many of our clients use this particular scheme if there is a power outage).

Two-pipe heating systems are also of several types: collector or fan-shaped piping. Often it is also called beam or cupboard. This system is most popular in cottages and buildings. The meaning of the collector system is that on each floor there is one or more cabinets with collectors, and already from these collectors supply and processing pipelines go to each heating device.

Beam floor wiring

It happens when all the collectors are assembled in the boiler room. Advantages of fan wiring: each device can be separately turned off or adjusted by temperature, all pipelines can be laid in the floor, the system does not spoil the design of the premises, it is easy to calculate when designing, the ability to automate the system. Cons: More pipes, higher system costs. Consistent two-pipe system.

Often the classic two-pipe heating system with bottom piping in apartment buildings. Heating pipes are laid under the ceiling of the basement floor (in false ceiling or open) or in the construction of the basement floor, heating risers are connected to them, providing heating devices with a coolant.

It is advisable to design this scheme when heating large country houses(from 1500 sq. m.), if there is an operation service. The advantage of this scheme is that in the living quarters there are only heating devices, there are no cabinets, the floor screed is reduced (no space is needed for laying heating pipelines), according to the material, relatively collector circuit, it is more beneficial. Since this is a two-pipe scheme, the temperature difference on the device is constant, and if desired, each device can be turned off to replace it without stopping the entire heating system of a country house.

In the places where the drain is connected to the main (at basement floor) Differential pressure regulators (balancing valves) are often installed - they can create a large local resistance and hydraulically level all risers in the building. One of the varieties of a two-pipe sequential system is a floor heating system.

The meaning of this system is as follows - a riser is raised from the boiler, and on each floor around the perimeter of the house, heating lines are laid with sequential connection of heating devices to them. The main criterion by which this scheme is used is that the pipelines are located at the outer wall of the house and do not interfere with anyone or anything, and ease of installation - all pipelines are located near the floor, construction works reduced to a minimum (no strobes, niches for built-in cabinets), it is possible to disconnect each floor separately, an inexpensive installation scheme (relative to the closet).

In addition to sequential and radial pipe routing, in our work we often come across a "combined" type of pipe routing. It is used in the case when several radiators are powered by radial wiring for one collector ring. As a rule, these radiators are located in close proximity to each other (in the same room).

Or a combined collector type when distribution manifolds for supply and treatment are installed in the boiler room, and then the pipelines diverge along the circuits (to different rooms or even different objects) This system is effective in large cottages and buildings where there are many different heating circuits or several rooms. The ability to adjust different temperatures in different rooms, an inexpensive system to install.

Autonomous heating systems in private houses perform one of the main functions in their arrangement. Not only the comfort of living depends on the correct distribution of heat in the premises. Heating also carries a structural load: it prevents the occurrence and spread of dampness, mildew and mildew. With the constant rise in prices and the expensive cost of connection, the question of which heating is better in a private house becomes more and more urgent.

Have autonomous heating there are a number of advantages, but you still need to choose the right system

Heating systems: their selection and requirements applicable to them

Today presented various schemes heating system devices and equipment models for them. There is no ideal option when choosing them. But there are basic rules that need to be followed - to achieve the correct regulation, distribution and transfer of heat throughout all rooms of the building.

The main criteria when choosing heating systems:

Minimum costs with high heat transfer. Providing housing with the required amount of heat and low costs for installation, operation and maintenance.

Maximum automation... In order to ensure safety, heating systems must be operated with the least human intervention in their work.

High wear resistance of all elements... The necessary equipment must be selected taking into account its operational reliability.

In some cases, you can use the formula: "the simpler, the more reliable"

Types of autonomous heating systems

All heating systems, without exception, are classified according to the type of fuel needed for their operation. If it is necessary to constantly save on energy consumption of the system, and it is possible to use several types of fuel for heating, then the best solution will be the acquisition of combined equipment. These models have all the advantages standard types heating boilers and can operate on several types of fuel. For the purpose of acquaintance presented different types installation so that the developer can choose for himself which heating is best for a private house.

The boiler for the heating system can operate on any type of fuel

Water heating

One of the most recognized devices in the system individual heating in my house. The heat carrier here is a closed-loop pipeline with wiring, with water heated from the boiler circulating through it. Heating installation is carried out in several ways: one or two-pipe, with batteries (cast-iron, steel, bimetallic) or convector-type radiators. The heating boiler model is set taking into account the type of fuel.

Autonomous water heating system diagrams

There are several options for installing such systems. When designing a private house, you need to carefully consider their choice.

For the purpose of familiarization, various types of installation are presented so that the developer can choose for himself which heating is best for a private house.

Wiring with division according to the type of circulation system

assembly with natural circulation due to the pressure difference;

installation with compulsory type of circulation.

At the place of laying the supply line

installation with top wiring;

installation with bottom wiring.

It makes sense to consider such schemes only when building a two or three-story house.

By the number of risers

one-pipe installation diagram;

two-pipe scheme.

By arrangement of risers

vertical connection diagram;

horizontal connection diagram.

According to the line laying scheme

decoupling scheme with passing highways;

decoupling scheme with dead-end highways.

The dead-end scheme is used with a small number of radiators

Heating circuit "Leningradka"

The "Leningradka" scheme simplifies the control of the temperature adjustment process for each room taken separately in the house.

pros:

constant volume liquids in heat carriers;

saving on fuel;

noiselessness at work;

simplicity in installation, maintenance and repair;

big term exploitation.

Minuses:

slow heating;

frequent cleaning radiators in order to increase heat transfer;

high possibility of leakage pipes in case of metal corrosion;

required mandatory deletion liquids from the system before its conservation;

need for permanent work, to prevent freezing of liquid in the cold season;

labor intensity when assembling.

Heating system diagram "Leningradka"

Air heating

Housing is heated directly by air, which is heated by a gas air heater, a water heat exchanger or an electric heater and, by means of a fan, is distributed through the supply air ducts throughout the heated rooms of the house. The cooled air is taken from the premises through the return air ducts, fresh air from the street is added to it, this mixture is cleaned of dust by a filter, and again supplied to the air heater for heating. And so on "in a circle" until the temperature in the house reaches the value set on the thermostat and the system turns off. When the temperature in the house drops by 1 degree, the thermostat will turn on the system again and so on.

Instead of heating the air in winter, in summer the air in such a system can be cooled by installing an air conditioner evaporator or water cooler in the duct next to the air heater. The evaporator can be used to heat up the air if external block the air conditioner has the function of a heat pump.

If necessary, a humidifier, an air sterilizer, and an additional HEPA filter can be added to the channel.

Air heating systems manufacturer - ATM Climate company

pros:

• High levels of comfort due to the combination of heating, ventilation and air filtration in the basic version.
• Energy savings of up to 30% compared to other types of heating due to controlled ventilation.
• High reliability, long service life and no threat of system defrosting.
• Possibility of temperature regulation by the thermostat according to the program and via the Internet.
• Ability to work in air conditioner and heat pump mode.
• All types of air processing in the house at the "one point" (humidification, sterilization, additional filtration).
• Ease of maintenance (replacement of filters and other replaceable system elements).

Minuses:

• Air ducts take up some part of the interior volume of the house.
• Air ducts should be integrated into the structure and interior of the house at the design stage.

Steam heating

Heating installation with device steam systems and now remains in demand. The system works well with various types of fuel - wood, gas, coal, electricity. When installing it, priority is given to combined heating methods (gas + electricity, solid fuel). Right choice combining fuel will significantly reduce the cost of heating housing.

Installation diagram of an autonomous steam heating system

Operating principle

In a steam boiler, the liquid is heated to its boiling point, and the resulting steam enters the radiators or pipes. Gradually cooling, it condenses and goes back to the boiler. Operational reliability directly depends on the model of the steam boiler. It must be chosen taking into account the area and engineering features of the building.

System pluses:

ecological purity;

fast heating at home, regardless of its area;

cyclicality;

good heat dissipation;

small probabilityь freezing of the system.

In general, the scheme of steam heating does not differ from the usual water

Minuses:

heat inside the coolant negatively affects the operational capabilities of the system;

availability required permits for commissioning;

there is no way to maintain a certain temperature regime inside the building;

noise when filling with steam;

need for constant monitoring due to the explosion hazard of steam boilers;

big price equipment;

complexity installation.

Gas heating

If in the area where the private house is located there is no main branch with gas, a system with heating with liquefied gas is assembled. For this purpose on personal plot a gas holder is installed - a sealed container, which is periodically filled with propane butane.

The gas tank is essentially a large gas bottle that is buried near the house

pros:

ecologicaly clean heat source;

increase service life equipment;

complete autonomy.

Minuses:

labor intensity installation;

inconvenience refueling;

problems with receiving permissive documents;

high cost installations;

constant control from the side of service services;

if there is no connection to the gas main, then it is necessary availability of special installations for storing fuel.

design of country houses and turnkey heating and insulation systems. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the Low-Rise Country exhibition of houses.

Heating by electrical installations

The rise in energy prices has significantly influenced the popularity of heating systems using electricity. This approach is economically viable only in the absence of other alternatives. Electric fireplaces, convectors, infrared heaters, warm floor.

The advantages of heating with energy carriers:

relatively small cost of equipment for installation;

it is possible to use electric boilers to obtain hot water supply;

environmental friendliness;

possibility of automation to maintain the optimal temperature regime;

not necessary in expensive service;

possibility of rearrangement heater from one room to another.

Minuses:

high power consumption (up to 24 kW / hour) and considerable cost of electronic carriers;

the need to install additional multiphase valves;

with possible power outages the whole circuit breaks down.

Geothermal installation for creating a heating scheme

Choose heating a private house, using the energy resources of the earth for this purpose - to get an environmentally friendly and economical source of heat for heating private housing. 98% of the sun's energy is accumulated in the soil layers, which is the basis for fuel production. Regardless of the season and surface temperature, heat is retained in the deep layers of the soil.

Arrangement scheme geothermal system heating

A geothermal installation consists of external and internal circuits. The external circuit (heat exchanger) is located below ground level. The internal circuit is a common system located in the house and assembled from pipes and heating radiators. The heat carriers are water or other liquid containing antifreeze.

pros:

the ability to set up and start up the system in different climatic conditions ;

ecological security;

permanent getting the right amount thermal energy;

small expenses for operation.

Video - the cost of installing a turnkey geothermal system

Minuses:

high cost purchasing the necessary equipment;

payback installation is possible only after 7-8 years;

labor intensity installation;

need for construction collector.

Solar heating

An alternative and environmentally friendly way of generating heat is installation of heating using solar collectors... In regions with low sun activity, this method is used as a fallback or additional option.

For the highest efficiency of the system, the batteries must be correctly positioned on the roof.

pros:

big operational period;

fast payback;

availability equipment for installation;

the best option for getting heat from electric heaters and when arranging underfloor heating;

ecological security;

simplicity in operation;

no cost for the purchase of fuel.

Video - What is air-to-air heating or air heating?

Minuses:

need for constant sunlight;

need in complex calculations for the correct installation of photocells;

roof installation at a 30 degree angle;

desirable have a spare heat source available.

Stove heating

The use of fireplaces and stoves is advisable only as a source of additional or temporary receipt of thermal energy when installing heating systems in individual construction. Mainly used for heating country cottages. In private houses of a large area, with permanent residence of people, they do not have any efficiency, since they are not able to ensure uniformity in the supply of heat throughout the premises. Or you will have to additionally install a water heating system, and use the stove itself as a beautiful wood-burning boiler

The stove is more suitable for a small house

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer a turnkey installation service for stoves and fireplaces. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the Low-Rise Country exhibition of houses.

Conclusion

To determine the best option for arranging autonomous heating systems and finally navigate which heating system to choose for a private house, it is advisable, first of all, to analyze which of the types of fuel is most available in a given area. It is on this that the decision in favor of installing a suitable heating system depends.

Heating is heating a room during a cold period, which compensates for heat losses and maintains the temperature at a given level, as well as meets the ideas of thermal comfort and the requirements of the technological process. The heating system includes a set of devices that perform this function.

Thermal comfort is largely determined by the room temperature. An important role is played by the uniform temperature distribution in all directions. It is influenced by the type of heating devices, their location, as well as heat-shielding properties and the possibility of outside air entering the room.

The capacity of the heating system should provide maximum compensation for heat losses during the heating period at an outside temperature equal to the average temperature during the coldest five-day period in a particular settlement.

The most common heating systems are water, electric and gas. The choice of a particular heating equipment depends on many factors.

Electric heating systems

Heating of the room in which the electric heating is installed is carried out without the participation of the coolant. Heat is converted from electricity. In Russia and CIS countries electric view heating is considered the most promising, while in Europe it is the most popular. On Russian territory, the relative high cost of electricity and regular interruptions in its supply do not allow the efficient use of electricity as the only source of power. It seems that the use of electric heating systems is fraught with serious financial costs, however, a thorough calculation provides a completely different picture.

Benefits of electric heating

• ease and ease of use;
• small size of heating devices and no need for special care for them;
• the ability to effectively regulate the supply of heat;
• air heating speed;
• high level of environmental cleanliness and hygiene of electrical equipment;
• low noise level of the heating system, since its functioning does not require the use of circulation pumps;
• aesthetics of electrical equipment;
• easy installation.

Disadvantages of electric heating

• high operating costs;
• power outages cause instability in electrical systems.

In addition to direct electric heating, electric heating systems include underfloor heating, radiators and convectors, infrared heaters and quartz heaters.

In Russian conditions electrical systems heating is reasonable to use as backup source heating.

Water heating systems

Water heating systems are the most common type of district heating and heating systems. It is more correct to call this type of heating "traditional", since the heat carrier can be not only water, but also any other heat-intensive liquid that meets certain physicochemical requirements.

This term determines the breadth of distribution of water heating systems. In such systems, the liquid heat carrier (in most cases, aerated water) is heated to certain temperatures, passes through heating devices and pipelines, carrying out heat exchange with the air in the room.

Advantages of hot water heating

The popularity of water heating systems is due to a number of their advantages:

• economical consumption and cheap cost of materials (when arranging water pipelines, pipes of a smaller diameter are used than for air ones);
• high heat capacity of heat carriers (water contains much more heat than other heat carriers, since the heat capacity of water is 4000 times higher than the heat capacity of air heated to the same temperature).

Disadvantages of water heating

The main disadvantages of water heating systems in comparison with other types of artificial space heating are the laboriousness of its installation and further operation. This is due to the fact that the arrangement of water pipelines is carried out only during the construction of a building or its overhaul, since complex construction work is required.

In addition, the uninterrupted operation of water heating systems is ensured by constant heating of the coolant, that is, continuous monitoring of the operation of the heat generator is necessary.

The disadvantages of using traditional heating systems also await those who leave their homes for a long period. Before leaving for a long time, all the water from the heating system must be drained, since during negative temperatures air can freeze the liquid, causing the line to burst. But the absence of water in the system is also not welcome, since corrosion processes will begin to occur much more intensively in the pipes filled with air.

Gas heating systems

Gas heating systems are actively used in the arrangement of heating of country houses, near which a gas main is laid. If gas communications are supplied to the cottage village, then the installation organizations in most cases will offer to use the gas heating system, since it has certain advantages.

Benefits of gas heating systems

• gas is the cheapest fuel;
• there is no need for constant monitoring of the flame, since the gas is supplied continuously. If the flame goes out for some reason, the sensor will instantly notify the electric ignition system, and the burner will re-ignite.
• The efficiency of gas heating systems is very high considering low cost fuel raw materials;
• gas heaters allow you to heat large rooms.

Disadvantages of gas heating systems

For the installation of gas boiler equipment, it is necessary to agree with the Gaztekhnadzor service. For a successful result of the approval, it is necessary to provide a boiler room project, with an installation and service company, a copy of a permit for design and assembly work the chosen organization, as well as the conclusion of a tripartite agreement on the obligations and responsibilities for the equipment.

When deciding to use gas equipment for heating, it is necessary to provide for the presence of a chimney through which exhaust gases will be discharged. The installation of a gas boiler room should be carried out in a separate room with a separate exit to the street and a good supply of air. This is especially true when using equipment with an atmospheric burner.

A decrease in gas pressure and burner wear can cause the heating equipment to start smoking, and its efficiency will significantly decrease.

With a small area of ​​the house (less than 100 sq.m.), the use of gas equipment becomes economically unprofitable, and undesirable due to its low environmental safety.

V atmospheric burner the flames are open, which for some people is a deterrent due to the lack of adequate security.

It is necessary to apply gas equipment adapted to Russian conditions. Gas pressure can vary significantly. Having reached a certain minimum, the burner of an unadapted imported boiler can begin to burn itself, which will cause breakdown of gas boiler equipment.

We need the installation of automation that will monitor gas leaks.

The choice of a radiator and ways to increase heat transfer

Any heating radiator consists of sections. Their number depends on the characteristics of the room to be heated. To do this, you need to take into account many nuances:

• the size of the room;
• the material from which the house was built;
• the presence of double-glazed windows in the room;
• the number of exterior walls and windows;
• how insulated the outer walls are;

Often, when choosing a radiator, they start from a simplified formula, which says that 1 battery section is needed for 2 m2 of area, plus 1 additional section for the whole room, which will allow you not to freeze when open door or cold walls

When choosing a radiator, you need to pay attention to the material from which it is made. After all, it is the cladding that affects the heat transfer. Based on this, the radiator can be aluminum, cast iron, bimetallic or steel. They are distinguished by thermal power and working pressure.

To increase heat transfer, it is necessary that:

• the control valve was easily accessible;
• the height of the front inlets and openings through which the heated air flows should be equal to the depth of the heating element, and the length - to the length of the heater;
• the height and width of the upper openings for warm air must be greater or equal to those of the heating equipment itself;
• the large free cross-section of the gratings should be at least 50% of the entire cross-section of the grating;
• the cladding should be lightweight and easy to remove.

It should be borne in mind that organic paints have virtually no effect on radiation. On the contrary, such a coloring contributes to an increase in emissivity compared to an unpainted surface.

Competently selected equipment provides not only the maximum efficiency of the heating system, but also allows you to reduce financial costs during its operation and create a comfortable microclimate for any room. The final choice of a particular heating system should be made only after consultation with a specialty in this area.