The modern construction industry is successfully using new technological developments and building material. The buildings that were built not so long ago look elegant, beautiful and neat.

In addition to the aesthetic parameters, it is worth noting the quality indicators. Houses can last for a very long time and perfectly resist negative environmental influences.

Especially beautiful design obtained when used for facade decoration.

It makes the building attractive, insulates it and protects it from wind, moisture, mechanical stress. Consider this question in more detail, we will study which ones are suitable for finishing and how to organize work on applying plaster to the walls.

Wet plaster got its name not because of the strange appearance, and taking into account the fact that to perform necessary work special Decoration Materials... Compositions for creating such a design contain a large number of water.

This technology came to Russia from Western Europe in the early 70s and gradually gained popularity among the population. Consider what advantages and disadvantages experts note in such formulations.

The following points can be distinguished as advantages:

• plastering can be done by hand, since this work does not require special skills and special skills;
• the facade can be painted in any color at the request of the performer;
• the financial costs for the purchase of the composition and additional materials are insignificant;
• this technology can be used for finishing a building of any level of complexity;
• plaster can withstand any load, including the placement of stands and other signage.

Based on these advantages, it is possible to add the composition to the list of high-quality and practical materials, however, do not forget about some of the disadvantages that also occur.

First of all, it is important to remember that plaster can absorb a lot of moisture and therefore needs additional protection against negative effects. external environment... If you ignore this advice, finished coating may warp and deform. The most the right action in this situation, the organization of waterproofing will be.

It should also be remembered that the plaster will be applied to the insulation in the form or, therefore, it must be borne in mind that the thickness of the insulation should be no more than 150 kg per cubic meter, otherwise the plaster will crack after drying. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of the structure and ensure a long service life, finishing materials should be used that will have the necessary technical characteristics.

Which is better, dry or wet plaster?

The first and most important difference between the compositions is the finishing procedure. For dry plaster, drywall serves as the basis, therefore this method is the least laborious and costly.

Wet plaster requires more time to apply the composition and significant physical costs.

A finishing method such as wet plaster is suitable even for walls suffering from increased level humidity. Plaster absorbs condensation and brings the dew point outside the house.

It remains dry and warm indoors. The microclimate is significantly improved. Dry plaster is more suitable for interior wall decoration, since it does not differ in high technical characteristics and does not tolerate low temperatures.

Both plasters are used for finishing an already prepared facade, since the thickness of the coating should not exceed 5 mm. In addition, the walls must be covered special mixtures and plaster. This will ensure a smooth surface and maximum adhesion to the putty. both mixtures can be finishing, since it is used for the final finishing of the outer surface of the walls various structures and buildings.

Material specifications

The method, called wet plaster, has many advantages, especially from a situation where the walls are very wet and there is no way to use dry plaster. This material easily absorbs moisture, which provides a dry, warm indoor climate.

The main feature that arises when working with wet plaster is the organization of multi-layer finishing. Each layer has its own thickness. The standard finishing layer looks like: a layer of mineral wool, a base layer of plaster, glass mesh and or.

If the contractor wants to provide a higher level of thermal protection, wet plaster can have different thicknesses, as well as all other layers. If there is also a problem of wet soil near the house, then additional finishing is also required for the basement of the house.

Despite the fact that the application of wet plaster requires a lot of effort and is accompanied by the dilution of dirt, this technique has many positive characteristics:

• versatility - suitable for any surface;
• differs in affordable cost - you can pick up the composition within the approved budget;
• ease of use - you can do the work yourself;
• strength and solidity - the material practically does not lend itself to external influences and with its help you can create a solid coating that is perfect for subsequent finishing;
• moisture resistance - the composition protects the walls from the negative effects of moisture.

Each of these qualities makes wet plaster versatile and practical material ... In addition to these characteristics, it should also be noted such indicators as elasticity and ease of application of the material.

When choosing a putty, it is necessary to take into account the type of binder, its cost and manufacturer. It is best to purchase finishes from trusted companies, as this guarantees the high quality of the finished product.

Preparing the wall for application

Before proceeding with the direct application of the composition to the facade of the building, it is necessary to prepare the walls for these works. Generally, preparatory work are fairly simple and can be performed even by a beginner.

The following activities will be required:

• at the initial stage, you should assess the condition of the facade, and determine in which places there are irregularities that need to be removed;
• after evaluation, it is necessary to clean the walls from existing dirt, from debris, old plaster, if any;
• in places that need additional restoration, it is necessary to place a plaster mortar;
• if the surface of the wall can easily absorb moisture, then additional finishing in the form of a primer should be made. This will eliminate the development of mold, mildew;
• in the area of ​​doors and slopes, old plaster must be removed.

NOTE!

All slabs used for facade insulation are fixed with glue... It is very important to make sure that the insulation is securely fastened and can withstand the next stage of finishing.

An important preparatory step is on the facade. This event is held three days after the installation of thermal insulation. To do this, you first need to apply adhesive composition, and lay a reinforcing mesh on it and cover it with a special layer of plaster. Once dry, the walls are ready for wet plastering.

Installation of the basement profile

When the surface is prepared for further finishing, a profile strip should be installed, which will protect the walls from moisture absorption in the first row of insulation, and also so that the heat insulator slabs lie as flat as possible.

The fastening of the profile strip is carried out in the basement and self-tapping screws and dowels are used for this purpose. Fasteners are fastened in 20 cm increments. It is important to take into account that the height from the ground should be no more than 0.4 meters. The gap between the planks is 3 mm. In order to protect the corners of the structure, it is recommended to use a special corner profile.

Application technology

All previously applied layers will dry in a week, after which it is required to apply an outer layer of putty. The composition is applied to the prepared reinforcement and for this purpose the finishing building mixture used for outdoor work is used. Additionally, a special adhesive composition can be used if decorative finishing is planned in the future.

After 3-7 days, necessary for the drying of the applied layers, you can start applying the leveling layer. There are several subtleties of applying plaster, which can play an important role in the installation of facade decoration. If the facade is exposed to excessive moisture, then it is worth using mineral wool instead of insulation, because it perfectly resists the development of mold and mildew.

Sometimes, wet plaster is applied in a thick layer and is heavy. This is necessary to reduce heat loss. It is the thickness that plays great importance in this case. The first layer of plaster is applied at least 20-30 cm thick. It is important that the insulation layer must also be thick.

Of course, the finishing mass in this case turns out to be very large, therefore, additional fixing dowels, hooks and a plinth strip are used.

The protruding reinforcing mesh should be rubbed with a special adhesive 5 mm thick... Then the mesh should be reapplied and the last layer of 20-30 mm should be applied.

The finishing must be done in two layers.

If the soil is very wet, then it is required to additionally finish the basement of the walls, using a special non-absorbent and moisture-resistant material. Before proceeding with the application of the leveling layer, it is recommended to impregnate the surface of the walls with an antiseptic primer.

Useful video

DIY plastering workshop:

Conclusion

Wet plaster in last years became popular and used for decoration of buildings. The facade of the building, decorated in this way, has beautiful view and is particularly durable.

It is important that wet plaster perfectly absorbs moisture and acts as an additional protective agent from the negative impact of the external environment - from rain, moisture, wind. Using such a material for decoration, you can extend the life of the building for several years and achieve a beautiful effect. Wet plaster lasts a very long time, does not burst and does not deform.

In contact with

Wet facades for finishing the exterior walls of the house are most often used in our country. The installation of such an insulation system is more difficult when compared with a hinged cladding, because it contains wet processes... These materials do an excellent job with thermal insulation. All layers are decorated with decorative plaster on top or painted. The device of a wet facade makes it possible to operate construction sites for a long time in our harsh climate.

The decoration of the building in this way is carried out using water and other compounds and solutions. That is why the technology of facing the outer walls of the house got this name. To carry out the installation of wet-type facades, layers of putty, primer and paint must be applied to the insulation.

Decorating the walls of a house in this way has its own advantages, which are advanced features. design solutions. A wide variety of patterns and textures can be made using plaster. Interesting color accents can be created using special paints.

Finishing the building with a wet-type facade brings the dew point out of the wall into the insulation. To completely remove the dew point, a ventilated design. A frame is being built on which the facing material is mounted.

useful in work

Always keep in mind that moisture penetration can lead to premature deterioration of building materials.

Installation of the external insulation system ensures the comfort of living, the durability of the building, the preservation of optimal temperature indicators in the premises. Such technology will not require extra costs during operation.

Preparing the building for wet installation facade

Installation of a wet-type wall and facade insulation system is carried out only at positive temperatures, since the rules of use building mixtures require just that. If you do something like this in the autumn or winter period, it is recommended to design special forests covered with a film that protects against moisture, wind and create a thermal circuit.

Before starting work, it is necessary to close the interior by installing a roof, doors, windows. Also, you first need to complete the internal repair work: pouring the screed, installing monolithic walls, applying plaster indoors. Outside, all the necessary brackets for signage, video cameras, air conditioners, drains, ebbs, etc. are pre-fixed on the walls.

At the preparatory stages, an assessment of the base should be carried out, on which all technological layers will be applied in the future. Before you start decorating the walls of the house, the entire area must be cleaned of various contaminants. Before you start laying wet-type facades, you need to check the bearing properties of the surface, as well as its adhesion characteristics.

External surfaces are cleaned of obsolete loose coatings, rinsed with water under pressure and dried properly. Then each crack is putty and the entire surface is leveled so that the error does not exceed 10 mm per m2. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that all materials used are compatible with each other.

Advice from the "facade"

If the previous wall cladding of the building was carried out using absorbent materials, it must be carefully primed.

It will not be superfluous to remove obsolete plaster from each window slope of the window and doorway.

Quality criteria for wet facades

The main criteria by which the quality level and service life of the insulation system and wet facades are determined are:

• Calculation of the building project, taking into account all its features;
• Installation in acceptable weather conditions;
• Selection good adaptations and materials for application;
• High level of qualifications of the craftsmen;
• All installation technology must be strictly followed;
• After installation, the cladding should be regularly inspected for various defects and appropriate measures should be taken to eliminate them.

Base profile

The technology of finishing a building in this way implies the installation of a very complex supporting structure at the base of the facade. Such an insulation system is installed taking into account the many internal and external corners, door and window openings, connections to the plinth and roof, various external decorative elements.

During the operation of construction objects, door and window openings are systematically exposed to physical and vibration effects. Since materials contract and expand in different ways when temperature changes, difficulties can arise at the places where facades adjoin a plinth, roof or other buildings. If the area is very large, you will have to lay expansion joints.

In order to be able to make high-quality cladding, before installing the insulation system, installation of special profiles is often carried out, by means of which such unfavorable factors... These devices are designed to be installed on corners and along the entire plane of the walls of the house. Fiberglass mesh and elastic membrane for waterproofing is installed on a base made of PVC frame.

The technology of cladding the walls of a house with a wet facade and installing a thermal insulation system involves the installation of profile strips. They are necessary to ensure an even distribution of the load of the thermal insulation elements, which are laid out one after the other to prevent moisture from entering the lower and outer rows of insulation plates.

Installation of such profiles is carried out using self-tapping screws, as well as dowels, the variety and number of which depends on the weight and type of material used as a heat insulator. The installation must be carried out at a distance of 40 cm from the ground. Taking into account possible expansion, a gap of 3 mm must be left between the horizontal strips. For corners, a profile of the corresponding shape is used.

Installation of a wet facade

This technology of house wall insulation is one of the most common. This is a very complex multilayer system. When a similar facade technology is reproduced, the following materials are applied and sequentially fastened to each other on the basis of the outer walls of the house:

Insulation installation

From the edge of each insulation plate, it is necessary to retreat about 3 cm in order to apply an adhesive mass around the entire perimeter. The composition is applied to the inner area in a dotted manner. As a result, on all thermal insulation boards, the layers of glue should occupy 40% of the area, not counting the lamellar mats, which are completely covered.

useful in work

When installing heat-insulating blocks, it is necessary to bandage the joints, as in the process of laying bricks. This technology must necessarily be followed even when the corners of the building are being processed.

To increase the density of the connection, insulation materials are sanded to remove all irregularities. Outside corners are installed with an overlap, the recommended thickness of which is 2-3 cm. The corners of the building will be leveled, and the heat inside the room will thus be better retained. A few days later, after the final hardening of the adhesive, the extra centimeters of the insulation boards are cut off.

After applying the glue, for greater reliability, disc dowels are almost always used additionally. The strength characteristics of the structure are thereby increased. Loosely fixed materials can loosen easily under regular exposure to gusty winds. Often for this reason, voids form between the wall and the façade. It should also be remembered that the insulation can support the weight of the upper layers of the structure, and dowels are best suited for such loads.

When installing insulating materials near window and door openings, it is necessary to adjust them in size and shape. It is also necessary to ensure that the height of the horizontal seam does not coincide with the level of the slope.

Reinforcement

The construction reinforcing mesh is applied to the adhesive applied to the insulation. The total thickness of this layer is 4-6 mm. The mesh should be pressed 1 to 2 mm deep. Most often, this material is made from fiberglass. Such a mesh is processed during the production process with special components that inhibit the development of alkaline reactions. A stiffer material is recommended when installing wet facades on structures under heavy stress. The strength of the cladding system will always depend on the quality of the mesh reinforcement. The resistance of facades to various influences is determined by these materials.

First of all, the corners should be reinforced, starting from the top. After 24 hours, the rest of the surface can be finished. The technology requires that the work with the adhesive mass is not carried out in the open sun. The reinforcing mesh should never adhere to the insulation.

Finishing

Decorative cladding or plaster is applied to the reinforcing layer for subsequent painting. It is necessary to choose special materials for outdoor use that can withstand adverse natural influences. Particular attention should be paid to products that can withstand subzero temperatures.

The wet method gained popularity due to the minimum number of cold bridges that can be found in other finishing methods. But this factor is not considered the main advantage of the method. By giving preference to a wet facade, you can forget that condensation, due to temperature fluctuations, will accumulate on the walls in the room. To understand how to make a wet facade with your own hands, you should familiarize yourself with the step-by-step installation technology.

Preparatory work

First of all, it is very important to give a correct assessment of the base on which the technological layers will be applied.

1. The walls are cleaned of dirt and tested for adhesion, load-bearing properties and characteristics.
2. If on the surface old finish damaged areas are present, replace them. Uneven areas are leveled with a plaster.
3. The facade, the material of which is an absorbent material, must be carefully primed.
4. Remove old plaster from doors and slopes.

The next stage includes the installation and installation of the profile strip. As a result of the installation of this structure, an even distribution of the load from the thermal insulation plates that are installed next will occur.

Another function of the structure is considered to be the moisture protection of the lower row of thermal insulation plates.

To perform profile mounts, you must adhere to the following nuances.

• The installation of the profile is carried out at a height of 0.4 m from the ground level. In this case, it is important to leave a small gap between the strips of 3 mm, located horizontally. This is necessary in case of thermal expansion.
• Dowels and self-tapping screws are used to fasten the profile. Their quantity is influenced by the mass of the used heat-insulating material. Often, one step takes no more than 20 cm. To install the profile at the joints of the corners, you can use the corner profile.

Insulation for a wet facade is mineral wool or expanded polystyrene plates. The material is fixed with a special adhesive. From the edge of the insulation (plate), you need to retreat about 3 cm and apply an adhesive composition around the perimeter with a wide strip. The space in the middle of the slab is filled with glue pointwise. Exceptions are lamella mats, the surface of which is completely covered with adhesive solution.

In the process of installing a wet facade, builders use a razor-sharp method of laying slabs. Plates need to be pressed not only to the wall surface, but also to adjacent tiles. It is important to remove any glue that comes out quickly. Insulation is placed in rows, starting from the basement profile, moving up from the bottom row.

A few days later, after the adhesive dries out, the thermal insulation needs additional reinforcement with expansion dowels. In this case, the length of the dowels is taken into account, which depends on the thickness of the insulation, adhesive solution and the coating that was previously on the facade.

Also, do not forget about deepening the dowels into the wall.

• Mainly for solid walls the depth of the deepening can vary within 5‒6 cm. Porous walls require a depth of 9 cm.
• Considering the mass of the insulation layer, its thickness, the height of the plates and the diameter of the insulation, from 5 to 15 pieces will be needed per square meter of surface. dowels. Before attaching the dowel, a hole is drilled under it. The pressure sleeves must be positioned flush with the insulation layer.

How to make a reinforcement layer

Having completed the fastening of the thermal insulation, you can start installing the reinforcing layer only after a few days.

First of all, attention is paid to the corner bevels of windows and doors, as well as the joints of vertical bevels, taking into account the lintels. They also process the outer corners of the structure, after which they begin to process the flat surface of the walls.

To understand how to make your own reinforcing layer, you can read the recommendations of specialists.

• An adhesive composition is applied to the heat-insulating layer, into which a special reinforcing mesh made of fiberglass is embedded.
• A covering layer identical in quality and composition is applied to the surface of the reinforcing mesh.
• The result should be a layer that is no more than 6 mm thick. And the mesh of the layer should be at least 3 mm from the surface.

We carry out plastering at home

Wait until the reinforcing layer dries well. Drying time depends on the season and temperature. It should be noted that the facade plaster is moisture resistant, vapor permeable, as well as highly resistant to atmospheric changes and climatic conditions... But the quality of work is influenced by the conditions in which the work was performed. It is best to install a wet facade at a temperature that ranges from + 6ºC to + 32ºC. The presence of a shadow is also important. If the work is carried out on the sunny side, you can create it artificially.

You should not proceed with the installation and strong wind, and during precipitation.

The nuances of arranging the basement

Regarding the basement floor, some installation features should be noted:

• Before starting work, it is necessary to waterproof the basement section of the wall, as well as the territory of the site that is adjacent to it.
• When choosing a heater, it is important to give preference to a material that has a reduced percentage of moisture permeability.
• Dowels are used to strengthen the thermal insulation slabs only at a certain height, which is 0.3 m from the surface of the earth.
• For basement walls, it is important to perform reinforcement in two layers.
• Cover the area around the walls and yourself ground floor followed by ceramic or special facade slabs, the basis of which is natural stone. An alternative can be mosaic plaster, or the facade can be simply painted.
• Finishing is carried out after the facade insulation work has been completed, the roof, windows and doors have been installed, the electrical cable has been installed, and the house has passed the stage of complete shrinkage.

Video

Read the instructions for installing a plaster (wet) facade:

This video shows how the corners of the decorative elements of a wet facade are reinforced:

Photo

Insulating his home, a diligent owner always prefers to decorate the walls with systems with external insulation. Although the execution of work on inner surface walls are simpler and cheaper, but the serious homeowner knows at least three main arguments in favor of an outdoor solution.

Why choose an outdoor insulation:

• location Dew point(condensation zones) when the temperature changes inside and outside the house. If the insulation is located on the inner surface of the load-bearing wall, the constant precipitation of condensation makes it wet. Such a phenomenon is abrupt reduces functionality applied thermal insulation - it loses the properties of thermal protection, it becomes damp in the house, fungal mold appears, etc.;
• thermal inertia level(heat resistance) of walls with external insulation is much higher. Simply put, a house that is insulated from the outside cools down much more slowly when the outside temperature drops;
• external thermal insulation guaranteed to cover all existing "cold bridges" in the house structure, which are the main ways of heat loss.

The existing types of external facade systems are divided into two large groups, named "dry" and "wet". The first group of "dry facades" is also called prefabricated or hinged. An example of such systems is vinyl or metal siding facades. Thanks to high practical efficiency, efficiency and decorative possibilities, “wet” insulation technologies, called “wet facade”, are very popular throughout the civilized world.

What is a wet facade system?

"Wet" technologies for the construction of insulated facades are based on creating on the outer surface load-bearing walls peculiar multi-layered fortified cake. In the course of work, special adhesives, mastics and plasters are used, as a rule, mixed with ordinary water.

The wet mounting technique includes the application of in strict order layers of primer, adhesive, gluing and additional reinforcement special means a layer of heat-insulating material, creating a reinforcing layer with a special mesh, along which several layers are made that carry protective and decorative functions. As a result, one system, possessing a number of undeniable advantages:

• allows for special decorativeness and attractiveness, the absence of salt stains on the outer walls, initially having a rough surface of any quality;
• high efficiency and low construction weight thermal fencing does not require a powerful load-bearing foundation base, which, as a rule, makes up a significant part of the total cost of building a house;
• external thermal insulation of the load-bearing wall allows, like in a thermos, to preserve and accumulate heat in the house, completely blocking numerous "cold bridges";
• ruled out the formation of condensation on the inner surface of the walls and their getting wet - the "dew point" is carried out wall structure into the insulation material, from where it evaporates through the "breathing" outer layers of the plaster;
• the construction material of the house is reliably protected from the destructive effects of moisture - freezing is excluded in microcracks in concrete structures and corrosion of frame reinforcement;
• The "wet" facade gives the outer walls additional vibration and sound insulation.

Practical and efficient wet technology turns out to be cheaper to implement and are widely used not only during finishing works industrial buildings, but also in private and low-rise construction. However, in order for the listed advantages to please the owners of the house, one should strictly stick to technology requirements, selection of appropriate quality materials... One of important features is the lead time. There are certain restrictions on the outside temperature associated with the properties of the materials used.

All plastering, painting and other "wet" phases of finishing can be carried out at a temperature not less+5 degrees Celsius. The quality of the work and the service life of the finished facade will depend on how accurately all the conditions are met. Violation temperature regime, the use of materials not intended for the construction of a "wet" facade can lead to cracking and even to shedding of the outer layer.

The cost of arranging a wet facade

The cost of building facades using "wet" techniques turns out to be significantly lower hinged ventilated facades, requiring, in addition to the high cost of materials, additional labor costs for highly qualified installers. And in this case, as a rule, the cost of the installation itself is from 30 to 50 percent from the total cost of the ventilated facade. In addition, it is necessary to take into account certain difficulties in finding truly qualified specialists, for example, to carry out the installation of a ventilated facade made of natural stone.

If the cost is only facing material(stone) starts from several thousand rubles per square meter, then the choice of unskilled personnel is fraught with the loss of significant funds. It is easy to compare the real cost of finishing the exterior walls of the house for "wet" and different mounted technologies by viewing price offers for all options from construction companies. Data on websites on the web confirms the conclusion about high efficiency and the optimal price-quality ratio of the wet facade technology. Its real price is approximately 76 - 18 percent from the amounts required for the implementation of facades made of fiber cement plates, aluminum composite panels, porcelain stoneware, metal cassettes or natural stone. It should be borne in mind that a do-it-yourself "wet" facade will cost even cheaper.

Physicochemical characteristics of insulation for a "wet" facade

Installed on the outer surface of the load-bearing wall, using the "wet" facade technology, thermal insulation system consists of three main parts:

• a layer of thermal insulation, reinforced on a ground base with glue and special plastic dowels;
• a layer of a reinforced base made on the basis of an alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh and mineral glue of a special composition;
• finishing layer, including a primer and special plaster based on polymer, mineral or siloxane.

It is difficult to single out the more important part of the three listed. The correct choice of each determines the effectiveness of the entire system. Outer layer finishing performs a double role, being the aesthetically defining "face" of the entire finish layer and, at the same time, reliably protecting the heat insulator from adverse external influences. In addition, the layer must pass well the evaporation of moisture condensed in the material of the thermal insulator.

Reinforced base necessary for a secure attachment at the level of adhesion of the finishing layer. And here you need a special, alkali-resistant mesh. As a rule, it is a fiberglass-based material with a special coating. It is installed on a special glue, completely recessed into it. If you use a regular mesh, without processing, after about a year nothing will remain of its reinforcing frame, and the top layer, the important function of which has already been mentioned, will simply peel off.

Thermal insulation layer requires the use of appropriate materials. Its thickness is calculated by heating engineers, and the type is determined by the place of application and requirements fire safety... The most common and traditional materials are:

• fibrous: wool made of mineral and fiberglass, the fibers of which are obtained by pulling from natural melts: stone mineral raw materials, waste of metallurgical production and molten glass;
• foamed gas-filled plastics with a cellular structure - polystyrene, of which expanded polystyrene is the most common;
• wood concrete (lightweight concrete) based on wood processing waste, flax, hemp, etc., Portland cement and natural hardener.

An important parameter of all thermal insulation materials (TIM) is their density. For fibrous TIM, the density should be at least 150 - 180 kilograms per cubic meter. Mineral wool preferable for facades. They are more durable, non-flammable, and have good sound insulation. Experts recommend using cotton wool on phenolic binders as more water resistant. Since, in addition to density, moisture absorption is important for TIM. This parameter should be no more than 15%... Other advantages of stone wool include resistance to chemical and biological substances, environmental friendliness, low weight and ease of installation.

Glass wool, due to the longer fiber, have a higher elasticity index. They are also highly durable. But the heat resistance of the material is much lower and does not exceed 450 degrees Celsius.

Various expanded polystyrene, for example, brands PSB-35, PPSB-S. They are less resistant to high temperatures and already at 100 degrees they begin to melt and swell. With prolonged and constant exposure to sunlight, turn yellow and crumble... However, new modifications appear with increased resistance to sunlight and temperatures.

A new ecological material is also gaining popularity. arbolite... It belongs to the category of lightweight concrete. It contains about 90% natural fillers: flax and hemp fire, sawdust, husks, etc., Portland cement and natural hardener. The density of wood concrete for thermal insulation is from 400 to 500 kilogram per cubic meter.

Depending on the type of insulation used, the appropriate adhesive is used. For example, bitumen-based glue is often used for polystyrene boards.

Wet facade installation technology

One of the options for the implementation of the "wet" facade can be an approximate step-by-step description of the order of the stages of work. The beginning of all work should be preceded by thorough preparation, including assessment and arrangement of the foundation, on which, layer by layer, the entire finishing "cake" will be applied.

Preparatory operations for the installation of a wet facade:

• the outer surface of the walls is cleaned of all types of dirt and remnants of old coatings;
• to improve the bearing capacity, is carried out rough plastering, leveling and strengthening of damage and cracks;
• window slopes and doorways cleaned of old plaster;
• to obtain the required adhesion, the surface is carefully primed beforehand.

Mandatory operation is support bar device... With its lower edge, the entire insulation system rests on a special U-shaped profile, called the "support basement". All work on the direct installation of the "wet" facade begins with its marking and fastening around the perimeter of the house. The profile performs several important functions:

• is the basis for the distribution of the weight of the entire set of layers;
• protects the bottom edge of the set from moisture.

The support plinth is fixed at a height of 40 centimeters from zero level(from the earth). To take into account the thermal expansion, between its horizontal strips must be left gap 0.3 centimeters. Self-tapping screws and dowels are used in the profile fixing technology. Quantity on running meter depends on the total estimated weight of the facade layer in height. At least 5-10 points are needed per running meter, that is, the fastening step is from 10 to 20 centimeters. The corners of the plinth support strip are made of special corner profile.

After this, the work goes to the stage of fastening. thermal insulation layer. Most often, slabs of mineral wool or expanded polystyrene are first glued to the prepared outer surface of the load-bearing walls. The method of applying the glue, which simultaneously ensures the strength of the attachment and the economical consumption of the composition, provides for the application of a wide strip around the perimeter of the slab a couple of centimeters from the edge and dotted areas. The criterion of sufficiency is the rule according to which at least 40% of the area of ​​the insulation must be covered with glue. The exception is lamellar mats, their inner side is completely covered with glue.

Plates installation rules

Installation of slabs, starting from the bottom row, resting on the basement profile, is carried out according to the rules:

• seams between slabs in adjacent rows must overlap, continuous vertical seams along the height of several rows are not allowed;
• when gluing, the base of the board is firmly pressed against the base, and the end, with a minimum gap, against the adjacent board of the glued row. It is necessary to strive to minimize the thickness of the seams;
• glue protruding from the seams is immediately removed.

For additional strengthening of the insulation board material, three days after the adhesive has dried, installation is performed plastic dowels special design. Their dimensions are determined by the thickness and material of the insulation, and the design includes a poppet-type head and a plastic nail expanding the dowel. The correct choice of the dowel takes into account that the hole depth for porous TIM is not less than 5 cm, and for solid - 9 cm. The consumption rate per square meter depends on the weight (thickness) of the insulation and is usually from 6 to 14 pieces.

Dowel fixing procedure:

• symmetrically and evenly, according to the previously made marking of the panel area, is drilled required amount holes to the required depth;
• sockets for dowels are made in the material;
• poppet parts are flush mounted;
• the expanding plastic nails are carefully hammered.

The reinforcement phase begins not earlier than 1 - 3 days after the final fixing of the thermal insulation layer. This stage includes:

• processing of the corners of window and door openings, joints and horizontal lintels, external corners, for which a special corner profile is used;
• the insulation material is covered with an adhesive, the layer thickness is from 2 to 3 millimeters;
• construction mesh made of fiberglass (a special alkali-resistant coating is required) is embedded in the adhesive layer;
• an adhesive composition is applied, with a layer of up to 2 millimeters, based on the total thickness of the entire reinforcement up to 6 millimeters.

Finishing is the final phase of the "wet" façade arrangement and does not begin earlier than the final drying of the reinforcing layer. This may take 3 to 7 days. Finish includes plastering per reinforcement layer. The following requirements are imposed on its properties:

• high vapor permeability;
• resistance to external moisture and other climatic factors;
• mechanical strength.

For this are used special formulations for outdoor work. In addition, compliance with temperature requirements becomes a decisive factor in the quality of work: the working range is considered to be from +5 to +30 degrees Celsius... It is obligatory to protect the applied layer from direct sunlight.