For year-round operation frame house and its durable service requires high-quality insulation. You need to insulate everything - walls, ceiling, roof, floor. What materials and technologies are applicable for solving the problem, and what heat insulators are better to refuse? We will answer these questions and give step by step instructions for home insulation with your own hands.

Requirements for thermal insulation material

The frames of houses built according to the "Canadian" technology are assembled from OSB or wood. In order for the insulation not to cause damage to structures, it must have sufficient vapor permeability - not less than 0.32 Mg.

Fibrous heat insulators - mineral wool materials - fully comply with this requirement. Popular synthetic insulation, such as polystyrene and polymer-based analogs, cannot be used in wooden structures for two reasons:

1. First, due to the lack of elasticity, the heat insulator will not be able to adapt to temporary deformations of the wood (shrinkage, increase in volume). As a result, the formation of cracks and cold bridges.
2. Secondly, polystyrene and its analogs do not allow the tree to "breathe". This leads to accumulation of moisture, mold and decay of structural elements.

When choosing how to insulate a frame house, in addition to vapor permeability, additional properties of a heat insulator should be taken into account. The following indicators are welcomed:

• fire safety;
• environmental friendliness;
• low thermal conductivity;
• shrinkage resistance;
• minimal water absorption.

Choosing the optimal insulation

Mineral wool heat insulators are the most acceptable option for insulating a frame house. Materials are made from different raw materials, which determine the basic characteristics and scope. The general advantages of all types of mineral wool include: light weight, fire safety, resistance to pests and the necessary vapor permeability.

The main disadvantage of fiber insulators- hygroscopicity. To preserve the properties of the insulation, mineral wool needs high-quality vapor and waterproofing.

Basalt wool - environmental friendliness and fire resistance

The main component of the insulation is volcanic rocks: basalite, diarite and basalt. Stone wool is a completely non-combustible material that can withstand temperatures of 1000 ° C. The heat insulator keeps physical properties for 40-50 years.
The main advantages of basalt-based mineral wool:

• low thermal conductivity - 0.36-0.42 W / m * C;
• resistance to mechanical stress;
• good noise insulation characteristics;
• resistance to temperature fluctuations.

The composition of the insulation includes hydrophobic additives that provide quick moisture removal. Basalt heat insulator is produced in slabs, the density of the material is 35-50kg / cu. m.
Flaw stone wool in comparison with fiberglass counterparts - less elasticity and susceptibility to rodents.

Glass wool - elasticity and moisture resistance

The basic components of a heat insulator are glass breakage and sand. The addition of binders makes it possible to form rolls from the finest fiberglass. Approximate dimensions of mats: thickness - 100 mm, width - 1200 mm, length - 10 m.

Features of glass wool:

• high elasticity - the material easily assumes and quickly restores the given shape, which is very convenient during installation;
• vibration resistance;
• not susceptible to mold formation and unattractive to rodents.

Like rock wool, fiberglass is fire resistant. However, in comparison with the previous insulation, loses on several points:

1. Unsafe material - installation is carried out in a respirator and protective clothing. The fibers are very fragile and a lot of "glass" dust is emitted during cutting.
2. Shrinkage of the heat insulator - over time, the risk of cold bridges formation increases.

Ecowool - versatility

A new word in the segment thermal insulation materials-. The material is 80% recycled paper. Additional components: boric acid and sodium tetraborate. Minor ingredients provide protection against microorganisms and reduce flammability.

Distinctive features of ecowool:

1. Ecowool - loose insulation, and therefore the technology of its application is fundamentally different from working with sheet mineral wool. To create a heat-insulating layer, special equipment is required - a pneumatic inflatable device.
2. With poor-quality insulation of the walls of a frame house, there is risk of shrinkage of ecowool, which is fraught with the formation of non-insulated zones.
3. The material is not recommended for use near open sources fire, chimneys and chimneys. A protective layer of basalt foil-clad refractory mats or a fence made of asbestos-cement slabs is required.

The main advantages of ecowool: environmental friendliness, the ability to insulate hard-to-reach places and high soundproofing qualities.

"Warm wood" - an alternative to mineral wool

This group is represented by mats and boards made of wood-fiber materials... The technical and operational characteristics of the insulation are at a fairly high level:

• good thermal insulation - thermal conductivity is comparable to that of mineral wool;
• preservation of the structure even when wet - the properties of the insulation do not change when moisture is absorbed in the amount of 20% of its own weight;
• high strength and excellent sound insulation - protection against impact and "air" noise;
• sufficient density and elasticity - the insulation is attached between the frame racks without additional clamps;
• environmental friendliness of the material and safety of installation work.

Wood-fiber insulation "breathes" and helps maintain a comfortable microclimate in the house. The disadvantages of a heat insulator include: high cost and flammability.

Thermal insulation with mineral wool: step by step instructions

In most cases for insulation frame structures used by mineral wool in the form of mats... Therefore, the subsequent instruction will be based on the work with this particular material.

Preparatory activities

First of all, you should understand the structure of the insulating cake, calculate the material and prepare the surface for laying. It doesn't matter which side to start the work - from the outside or from the inside. Some people think that it is more convenient to carry out thermal insulation from the side of the street. However, weather factors must be taken into account.

The standard structure of an insulating cake with a sequence of layers from interior cladding to the front of the house:

• Interior decoration.
• OSB board.
• Vapor barrier.
• Insulation layer.
• Windproof membrane.
• Lathing made of bars for arranging the ventilation gap.
• OSB board.
• External cladding.

Recommended the step of frame beams is 580-590 mm. This range is optimal when using standard 60 cm wide mineral wool mats. According to the standards, the thickness of the insulation for a temperate climate is 150 mm. To fill the space between the beams of 15 cm, it is advisable to use mineral wool of two standard sizes: 50 and 100 mm.

Surface preparation is reduced to cleaning from dust, removing protruding nails and blowing out cracks with foam between the frame elements. Before attaching the insulation, it is necessary to check wooden structures for the presence of dampness, dry problem areas with a construction hairdryer.

Interior decoration: order of layers

First you need to prepare a base for laying insulation. WITH inside at home this role will be performed vapor barrier film and OSB boards.

Procedure:

1. Roll out a roll of insulating material and cut it to fit the walls of the house.
2. Fix the vapor barrier canvases one by one to the vertical racks of the frame using a stapler. Installation rules: the insulating strips are directed perpendicular to the wooden beams, the minimum overlap is 10 cm.
3. Check the tightness of the protective layer.
4. Cut OSB boards with a jigsaw.
5. Fix the panels to the frame, overlapping the vapor barrier foil.

Further OSB boards serve as the basis for applying finishing walls.

Insulation installation rules

An important advantage of using mineral wool or wood fiber insulation is the ease of fastening with your own hands. Both heat insulators are elastic enough, so they do not need additional fixation... The slabs are inserted between the frame posts and are held in place due to the slight difference in dimensions.

So that the thermal insulation layer does not lose its effectiveness over time, it is necessary to observe certain rules its installation:

1. Laying is done in two layers, the slabs are staggered. The second row of mineral wool should overlap the joining seams of the first in the middle. This technique prevents the appearance of "cold bridges" that contribute to the accumulation of condensation and dampness.
2. Insulation boards need protection from strong wind and precipitation. By analogy with inner wall, the heat insulator is sheathed with a special hydro-windproof membrane.

The film insulation is fixed with a stapler. For a more secure attachment, you can use the counter-crate system.

Exterior wall cladding

Bars attached to the top of the wind barrier create the necessary air gap between the thermal insulation material and the exterior trim. Further insulation of the facade depends on the material of the finishing cladding.

Under and siding different types slabs of moisture-resistant OSB are nailed to the crate, to which guide bars are attached. Artificial, a natural stone or facade tiles fits directly onto oriented strand board.

Thermal insulation of the roof of the house

High-quality roof insulation is of great importance in preserving heat. Thought-out and competently executed thermal insulation of the roof of a frame house saves 25-30% of thermal energy.
A popular option for insulation is the placement of mineral wool between the rafter legs. Roofing cake must be supplemented with a vapor barrier film and a diffusion membrane.

Let us describe in sequence, how to properly insulate the roof:

1. Pull a water-repellent diffusion film along the outer end of the rafters. Secure the membrane with a counter batten.
2. From the inside rafter system lay insulation. Thermal insulation is placed in two layers 100 mm thick, the installation scheme is a checkerboard layout.
3. Cover the mineral wool with a vapor barrier film, observing the horizontal laying of the vapor barrier in the direction from bottom to top. The overlap of the film insulation is 5-10 cm.
4. Sheathe the ceiling with OSB, plasterboard, plywood or clapboard.
   External finishing the roof is made on the counter-lathing. Sheathing beams are nailed onto the slats, creating a ventilation gap. OSB boards or roofing material (slate, corrugated board, metal or flexible tiles) are attached on top.

Insulation of the floor of the first floor

A lot of heat also goes through the base of the house - about 15-20% of the heat costs are on the floor. Alternatively, you can organize a water underfloor heating... However, it is easier and cheaper to insulate the base. mineral wool.

Described technology will do for insulation of interfloor or attic floors.

A variety of methods for using ecowool

The second most popular material for thermal insulation of frame buildings is ecowool. But here it is better not to experiment and entrust the work to professionals. The mechanized backfill will provide the required density and uniformity of placement.
There are three methods of using ecowool:

• dry spray;
• wet application;
• glue method.

Dry method applicable for horizontal surfaces, inclined closed cavities, filling interfloor floors and non-separable structures. The density of ecowool laying with this method is 45-65 kg / cubic meter. m depending on the slope.

Wet technology suitable for vertical open walls. Ecowool flakes are moistened and applied to the surface under pressure. The density of the insulating layer is about 65 kg / cubic meter. m.

The glue method is similar to the previous one, but an adhesive component is added instead of water. The advantages of the technique: high adhesion of the insulation to the wall, elasticity of the material and low deformation after drying. The glue method is indispensable for thermal insulation of flows from below, option will do and for wall treatment.

The issue of house insulation must be considered even at the construction stage. It is more profitable from a financial point of view and technically more correct. Structural elements are insulated as the building is erected, and there is no need to perform overhaul buildings after commissioning.

DIY video instruction on thermal insulation

More information about the technology of home insulation is described in the video.

Frame houses are distinguished not only by their practicality, but also by attractive external indicators. it perfect option for those who wish to acquire inexpensive but comfortable housing. Today we will talk about the insulation of a frame house.

Do-it-yourself frame house insulation

Design features

There are two main ways to construct timber frame buildings:

1. frame-panel (buildings are assembled directly at the factory with ready-made elements);
2. frame-frame (all elements are prepared and assembled at the construction site).

In section, the wall of a frame house is a multi-layer cake (this can be seen in the above image). It is also worth noting that the frameworks themselves can be of two types:

1. wooden;
2. metal.

For a long time, wood was the main building material and unsurprisingly - it's cheap, durable, lightweight, easy to handle, and has excellent thermal conductivity. Metal structures are erected from perforated steel profiles, mainly galvanized (this extends the service life up to one hundred years).

Now - directly to the process of warming a frame house!

Stage one. The choice of material for insulating a frame house

After the supporting structure is ready, you need to start thermal insulation, and here, of course, there are a lot of questions. And the main one is the choice of the right material. There are quite a few of them, but the most popular is expanded polystyrene, basalt, eco- and glass wool, extruded polystyrene foam, materials that are sprayed or filled up. It would seem that the choice is wide enough, but not all of the described heaters are suitable for a frame building.

For example, expanded polystyrene with polystyrene foam will not work because if you put them tightly in the interframe voids, then the structure itself will increase in volume in the future or dry out due to the natural properties of the tree, which is why cracks form between the thermal insulator and the frame. It is quite obvious that through these cracks the thermal energy, and the insulation material itself will no longer be effective. Therefore, a thermal insulator suitable for us must be elastic: even if the shape of the frame changes, there will still be no gaps, since the vacated space will be filled with this material.

Now let's get down to specifics. Consider all the remaining materials, and you yourself will decide which one is more suitable (in terms of price, quality, etc.).

Option number 1. Basalt wool for warming a frame house

Perhaps one of the most popular insulation materials. It has excellent sound and thermal insulation properties, it is produced by melting rock basalt. For this reason, the material is sometimes called stone wool.

Note! The temperature that it can withstand is +1000 C, so this is a real fireproof insulation.

The disadvantage of the material is that it absorbs moisture, which is why its main properties deteriorate over time. Therefore, when insulating a frame house, you should protect the basalt wool by means of steam and waterproofing materials. We also note that for thermal insulation of walls, it is necessary to use the material that is produced in slabs. It is desirable that it has a special marking indicating that it is for walls in otherwise after a couple of years, the cotton wool will sit down and cracks form in the wall (namely, in its upper part), through which cold air will penetrate.

Option number 2. Ecowool

A modern material made from cellulose. It differs from the previous version not only in appearance, but also in the installation technology. For insulation with ecowool, a special machine is needed to mix the material with water droplets; then all this mixture is driven into the interframe space.

Water droplets are here for a reason - they glue together the pieces of ecowool, thus forming a monolithic thermal insulator along the entire perimeter of the building. Consequently, there can be no cold bridges in such walls. Although it is possible to install ecowool without using special equipment, that is, dry. In this case, they simply fall asleep between the layers of the walls and carefully tamp it.

Ecowool is immune to high humidity emanating from the room, so no vapor barrier is needed in this case. The only drawback of the material is the high cost (not only of it, but also of installation work).

Option number 3. Glass wool

Another very popular material that can be used in frame house... It differs from basalt wool in that it is made from molten glass. It is characterized by excellent thermal insulation properties, fire safety and the fact that no toxic substances are released when exposed to fire.

Note! Glass wool is often produced in rolls. You should pay attention to the fact that it must have markings for the walls (this is necessary for a frame-type house).

Option number 4. Loose heaters

These include sawdust, expanded clay, slag and the like. At one time, this technology was very successful, since it was quite difficult to get good insulation material. But today, bulk materials are practically not used. Everything is explained quite simply: their general drawback is that over time they shrink, and the thermal insulation properties are very doubtful.

Option number 5. Glassine

Glassine is thick paper treated with bitumen. The material is often used in construction to protect against wind and moisture, although in reality this is not necessary - the material does not allow moisture that comes from the room to pass through, and it accumulates in the frame itself.

Note! We do not consider spraying with polyurethane foam, although it is very effective and can be applied to almost any surface. First, he is afraid of a direct hit. sunlight, which reduces its operational life in half. Secondly, to apply it, special equipment is required, and this pleasure is not cheap. We are talking about insulating a frame house, which in itself implies minimizing costs.

Video - How to insulate a house

Stage two. Preparatory activities

First, you should understand a number of important points, without which the thermal insulation of a frame building can easily turn into a waste of funds. First, we note that it is necessary to think not only about the walls, since both the ceiling and the floor can also allow cold air to pass through! In addition, the insulation material should be properly protected from moisture, using internal / external waterproofing. Finally, when performing installation work, you need to leave small ventilation gaps between the walls and the insulation itself.

Before proceeding with installation work, thoroughly clean all work surfaces from dirt and dust. If you find any sticking screws or nails, remove them. And if there are gaps between the frame elements of the building, then blow them out with polyurethane foam. Dry all damp areas (if any) with a building dryer.

Note! If before that the outer surface of the walls was thermally insulated using a waterproofing material, then its re-installation inside the building is no longer required, otherwise an excess amount of moisture will accumulate in the structure and, as a result, it will quickly collapse. Below is an instruction solely on internal insulation.

Stage three. Waterproofing layer

Let's make a reservation right away that the installation technology for all materials is approximately the same. First, measure all the walls of the frame, then, according to the calculations, cut the strips of the material that was selected for the waterproofing. Secure the material to the uprights using a mounting stapler so that the frame is fully sheathed.

Stage four. Installation of a vapor barrier layer

Even if moisture-resistant materials are used for insulation, vapor barrier must still be performed. At first glance, these are unnecessary expenses, which can be completely dispensed with. But the fact is that inside the frame there will be not only insulation, but also other elements (for example, the same tree) that still need protection from steam entering the walls from the room.

Laying scheme for a vapor barrier layer when insulating a frame house

As a vapor barrier, both a special film and foamed polyethylene can be used. Attach the selected material to the frame uprights flush with the thermal insulator using a mounting stapler. Sometimes the blocks of insulation are simply wrapped in this material, but in reality this does not need to be done - as we just noted, protection must be provided for all frame elements without exception.

The material is laid with an overlap of at least 10 centimeters, and all joints are carefully sealed with high-quality double-sided tape... Also don't forget the fact that the thickness vapor barrier material does not in any way affect the similar indicator of the insulation material.

Stage five. Installation of insulation

If mineral wool is used for thermal insulation, before starting work, be sure to wear personal protective equipment - a respirator, gloves, goggles, special clothing. If you use polystyrene (and this material, as we said, is not very suitable), then such security measures are not needed. When insulating a frame house, lay the material between the frame posts evenly, not forgetting about the ventilation gaps required between the thermal insulator and the cladding. To cut mineral wool, you can use scissors or an ordinary knife, but for foam you will need electric jigsaw or a hacksaw with small teeth.

Note! Experts assure that it is more efficient to lay the insulation in two layers. So, first, the first layer with a thickness of 10 centimeters should go, then a wooden crate is stuffed in a horizontal position, on top of which the second layer is laid (its thickness should already be 5 centimeters). Such a little "trick" will help to avoid the formation of cold bridges.

Lay on top of the insulation protective film(if it is necessary, that is, if the outside of the house was not properly insulated). This will ensure that the material will always be in a dry state, and moisture will not get outside.

Note! For the ventilation gap, which has been mentioned more than once, fill in a 3 cm thick wooden crate.

After that, you can start installing OSB-plates and decorative finishes.

Stage six. We sew up walls in a frame house

The procedure for insulating a frame house is almost complete, it remains only to sew up all the walls from the inside. Often OSB plates are used for this, although you can also use drywall sheets. Although we note that drywall is advisable only in the case of a sufficiently flat frame, otherwise it will take all forms of irregularities. Conversely, OSB is much tougher, so minor flaws can be eliminated with it. Begin finishing on top of one of them.

Fastening OSB boards to the harness if there is a second floor

Two options for joining plates

About additional insulation

If what is described above is not enough, then you can additionally take care of external insulation (if, of course, it is not yet available). If mineral wool was used inside, then put a vapor barrier from the outside to protect the material from condensed moisture. By the way, it can be not only film, but also aluminum foil, although, to be honest, this material is not the best.

You can use the same OSB or plywood as a windscreen. The finishing coating can be eurolining, siding or other suitable materials... That's all, good luck with your work and warm winters!

Video - Do-it-yourself frame house insulation

This question is asked by every novice builder who has to complete the process of building insulation.

It's not enough to build a house with your own hands, you need to create in it comfortable conditions living, and without insulation this is difficult to achieve.

At the moment there is a large number of thermal insulation materials with which you can insulate a frame house with your own hands. They differ in composition, which, in turn, implies differences in the use of the material and the positive and negative sides of each insulation.

Consists of 80 percent insulation. Insulation does not have a heating effect, its task is to prevent heat loss. Since in the process of heating heat can be dissipated, transmitted through the walls of the building to the outside, the insulation acts as a kind of barrier that does not allow the room to quickly heat up in hot weather or cool down in the cold season.

Insulation materials

The most common material for insulation is mineral wool. It is a fibrous substance that has good performance in both thermal insulation and sound insulation. But the main drawback of the material is its toxicity. In addition, mineral wool does not perceive moisture well, losing its protective characteristics upon contact with it, therefore, in order to insulate a frame house with this material, it is necessary to carry out waterproofing.

The next material is ecowool. Unlike the previous one, it is completely natural material, which allows you to create an environmentally clean house... Its components are safe for health and non-toxic.

Ecowool is shredded paper impregnated with chemical composition... One of them is boric acid, which does not prevent the insulation from rotting and makes it non-flammable. The insulation has good characteristics heat and sound insulation, quickly installed. Nevertheless, this material is difficult to establish on your own, as a result of which you have to resort to the help of specialists or assistants.

Insulation such as polystyrene is used quite successfully. Its disadvantages are low noise insulation, high degree of flammability, emission of harmful substances during combustion. But if you approach the operation of a building insulated with foam plastic, as carefully as possible, observing fire safety standards, then such a building will last a long time, without causing discomfort to its owners.

Foam has advantages. It does not absorb moisture and therefore does not require additional waterproofing... By its weight, it is very light, which is convenient during material delivery and carrying insulation works... In addition, the material will be much cheaper than using ecowool.

Another material on this list of heaters is polyurethane foam. Being the most modern material, the polyurethane foam has absorbed everything best qualities their predecessors. It is non-flammable, non-toxic, and provides good thermal insulation at low temperatures. Warming of a house using polyurethane foam occurs quickly, which is due to the method of applying the material - two components are directed into the spray gun, which, under the influence of air, mix, and then fall on the surface in the form of foam, which hardens in a short time. The only drawback of the material is its high price.

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House warming process

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Preparation and insulation of the house

To insulate a house with your own hands, the first step is to check the condition of the walls of the building. After identifying any defects, it is necessary to eliminate them. Before insulating a house, it is recommended to carry out a whole range of preparatory work, which will allow you to prepare a frame house. This list includes cleaning the walls of the building from dirt, removing foreign objects, such as protruding nails. In addition, it is necessary to seal the existing gaps between the structural elements with polyurethane foam. You will need a construction hair dryer to dry the damp areas of wood.

To insulate a frame house, you will need tools and materials such as:

1. Building hair dryer (for drying walls).
2. Nailer (for removing protruding nails).
3. Drill and screwdriver.
4. Self-tapping screws.
5. Insulation.
6. Polyurethane foam.
7. Putty.
8. Construction stapler.
9. Construction glue.
10. Reinforcing mesh.

It implies two stages of work: installation of waterproofing and installation of a layer of thermal insulation. The waterproofing material must be cut into strips corresponding to the size of the walls of the house. Next, the material is fixed to the racks, followed by the complete sheathing of the frame using a construction stapler.

Glassine is a good material for waterproofing a frame house. Using of this material moisture absorption can be as high as 20 percent. The moisture is then transferred to the wood, which, in turn, dries naturally. The glassine strips are overlapped. The layer of material is 10 cm, fasteners are carried out every 12 cm along the joint.

This type of work is intended only to insulate the frame house from the inside. External waterproofing does not make sense, since moisture will remain between the layers, without going outside, which will ultimately lead to rotting and further destruction of the building.

After the laying of the waterproofing is completed, the laying of the heat-insulating material is carried out. The material is placed between the uprights of the frame, having previously cut it to a certain size, which will correspond to the size of the wall. Please note that the size of the thermal insulation material is allowed more size walls by about 5 cm. This will allow for a tighter installation. Insulation sheets are cut with an ordinary knife.

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Internal and external insulation

The heat leakage of a frame house, like any other structure, occurs through the walls. Therefore, it is not enough to insulate a frame house from the inside, you should pay attention to both sides. Most practical option external insulation is, for this, foam will be the best material.

Thermal insulation with foam assumes phased implementation work. First, you need to align the walls, this will allow the slabs to fit snugly against the walls. Therefore, it is necessary to remove dirt and dust, eliminate wall defects and apply a primer.

The next stage of insulation is the installation of plates. For this purpose, building glue is used, which is used to process the surface of both the wall and the boards themselves. To ensure the most durable connection of the slabs to the wall, it is recommended to additionally fasten them with dowels.

After completing the installation of the boards, a protective coating should be applied. For this purpose, a reinforcing mesh is mounted, on top of which two layers of putty are applied. Two layers of material will increase the strength of the insulation. To give the wall a more beautiful and aesthetic look, you can use decorative plaster, which allows you not only to refine appearance buildings, but also to protect the building from temperature fluctuations.

The insulation of the walls from the inside is exactly the same as the outside. The only difference is that in addition to decorative plaster and putty, drywall is used as a finishing component. But it is worth noting that with internal insulation, the space of the room also decreases. In addition, with a slight glitch in heating system rooms cool down quickly. For this reason, the walls are insulated from the inside when it is not possible to insulate the outside.

If the family has "men with hands" who know how to work with simple tools, the frame house can be assembled independently on suburban area... But in order to live in a frame house all year round, without fear of cold weather and heat, its walls will need to be insulated with heat-insulating materials.

Wall insulation in a frame structure can be made with expanded polystyrene, ecowool, a mixture of straw and clay, sawdust concrete, and others. bulk materials... One of the most popular heaters for frame houses today are basalt fiber slabs.

The reason for its popularity is simple: firstly, this material is non-combustible, which is very important for wooden house... Secondly, it keeps heat well, while being vapor-permeable, environmentally friendly (completely harmless to humans and animals), and also very durable (manufacturers give a product guarantee for at least 50 years). Another advantage is the ease of working with this insulation. Mineral wool slabs- lightweight, easy to cut, not flowing during processing, do not emit any harmful odors, keep their shape well, do not sag or wrinkle over the years.

Basalt insulation is not susceptible to mold, rodent and insect attacks, and therefore is well suited for insulating floors along logs, insulating walls and roofs.

Modern thermal insulation based on basalt fiber reduces construction costs, since the installation of lightweight heat-saving slabs does not require strengthening the foundation and supporting structures.

Basalt insulation maintains a comfortable microclimate inside the premises: the air warms up evenly in all rooms, and natural ventilation of the air layers occurs. V summer period insulated walls keep the coolness inside the building well, saving residents from the heat; in winter, they keep heat for a long time, saving the cost of heating the home.

The fibers protect the load-bearing building envelope from temperature extremes, prolonging the life of the building, and also has a sound insulating function.

If the listed advantages seem attractive to you, and you want to insulate the walls of a frame house yourself, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the tips for the use of new generation thermal insulation materials from TechnoNICOL, created on the basis of a biopolymer binder.

Installation rules

Insulate securely country house you can observe the following order of layers:

The first layer from the inside - a reinforced vapor barrier film - is designed to protect against internal moisture. It is rolled out of a roll and fixed with a stapler from the inside of the wooden one onto a butyl rubber tape - at the points of contact with the wooden beams. The joints of the vapor barrier are glued with tape.

Note that the vapor barrier of the insulation from the side of the room is a strictly mandatory element of the proposed system. The main task of this layer is to protect the insulation mats from the penetration of wet warm air inside the material. Therefore, it is important that the vapor barrier layer is airtight and continuous, without cracks or breaks. Films must be glued to each other; the vapor barrier must fit snugly to the adjacent elements and structures. During installation and during interior decoration this thin layer should be protected from any mechanical damage, punctures and scratches.

At the second stage, thermal insulation plates are laid, which are tightly fixed between the racks. timber frame(the master takes measurements and cuts the slabs under right size). The width of the cut material should be 1-2 cm wider than the distance between the frame posts. Due to their elasticity, stone wool slabs stand up well and do not require additional fixation.

For better heat retention, such insulation is usually installed in two layers, with the plates of each new layer shifted relative to each other by half their length (to eliminate cold bridges). The calculation of the thickness of the insulation takes place depending on the region of construction.

To protect them from external influences, the slabs are covered with a TECHNONICOL hydro-windproof membrane, which is attached to the frame racks with a stapler. The membrane layers at the joints are fixed to each other with adhesive tape.

Before the installation of the facade cladding material, a counter-lathing is fixed to the working surface, a level mark is made with a marker to install the finishing. In the final, the facade is cladding with any decorative panels(siding, block house), installation of which occurs from the bottom up.

Installation can be carried out both from the inside to the outside, and vice versa: first install outer skin, and then install thermal insulation from the side of the room. The last option most preferable in the Russian climate - because of the danger of sudden rain. During installation, it is recommended to protect the thermal insulation boards from the effects of atmospheric precipitation.

Stone wool slabs should be protected from moisture also during storage. Therefore, you need to store packs of basalt insulation strictly under a canopy, or in covered warehouses... Installation is best done after external walls already sheathed with wind-, moisture-proof foil and finishing material... In the case of installation from the outside of the building, it is important to work with grapples in order to exclude the possibility of products getting wet during precipitation.

The solution described above from the TechnoNIKOL company with an environmentally friendly, fireproof, excellent heat-saving stone wool material is easy to implement with your own hands; it is easy to operate and will last for many years without repair.

Frame houses are comfortable and reliable. Their construction requires relatively low financial costs. At the same time, the walls of such residential buildings require mandatory insulation.

Insulation for Canadian homes - is there a choice?

Under construction on the so-called Canadian technology, are characterized by a considerable number of advantages. Their construction is beneficial from an economic point of view. For frame buildings it is not required to fill in a powerful and deep foundation, to involve heavy and special equipment in the work. All activities are carried out quickly enough. Moreover, the construction of houses is carried out from environmentally friendly and safe materials for health.

An important stage in the arrangement of frame residential buildings is the thermal insulation of their walls. It can be produced from the inside and outside using products that must have the following qualities:

• small value of thermal conductivity;
• convenience and simplicity in independent use;
• counteracting the accumulation of moisture;
• durability;
• acceptable cost without sacrificing performance;
• dimensional and volume stability;
• resistance to mechanical stress and destruction;
• Fire safety.

Properly selected and installed insulation provides a significant reduction in heat losses in the house, creates a favorable microclimate in it with constant humidity and temperature. Nowadays, mineral wool, polystyrene and polyurethane foam are most often used as thermal insulation products for Canadian houses. Heaters can be mounted using different technologies - by installing plates, by spraying, backfilling. Combined methods of thermal protection of a building are often used (for example, mineral wool is placed in, outside there is foam plastic, which is covered decorative trim, facing materials).

Mineral wool - so different and so popular

Minvata is a well-known insulation material. It has excellent noise and heat insulation potential. The thermal conductivity of cotton wool depends on the density, its thickness and the level of moisture. When carrying out work on insulation, this must be taken into account. Mineral wool is always covered with film vapor barrier membranes, as well as waterproofing products. And the thickness of the layer of its laying is determined depending on the weather conditions in a particular area.

It is recommended to insulate frame walls not with rolled wool, but with products manufactured in the form of slabs. The thickness of the insulation layer varies within the range of 13–25 cm. Installation of protective products is carried out in layers. Each subsequent layer of insulation should be placed with some offset in relation to the previous one. Then the probability of cold bridges is reduced to zero. The thickness of each layer of cotton wool should not exceed 5 cm.

The material of interest to us is usually divided into several types. There are slag, glass, eco and basalt (stone) wool. Slag wool is produced using blast-furnace slags, which are characterized by acidity (residual). For this reason, the material is capable of negatively affecting various surfaces and metal bases. It is undesirable to use slag wool for insulating facades, since it tends to quickly absorb and accumulate moisture.

Glass wool is considered to be more environmentally friendly. It is described by a sufficiently high indicator of strength and elasticity, resistance to extreme minus and negative temperatures(from +50 to -60 ° С). glass wool is made difficult by the fact that its fibers are strongly pricked. To work with such material, you have to use protective equipment... But they do not always protect inexperienced craftsmen from injuries and injections. From this point of view, the use of stone wool looks more preferable. It does not prick, is characterized by minimal flammability (fibers can melt, but not burn).

Basalt wool is made from diabase with the addition of dolomite, limestone, clay. It also contains formaldehyde resins, which can have a negative impact on human health. Similar problems does not exist if ecowool is used for insulation. This material is not subject to rotting and burning. When installing it with your own hands, you do not need to use moisture and vapor barrier films. Ecowool is a natural heat insulator with excellent sound and heat protection properties. It belongs to the category of sprayed thermal insulation.

Thermal protection of walls with mineral wool - what to consider and how to do it?

The technology of using mineral wool, as you understand, requires the formation of a completely sealed layer of thermal insulation, protected from the ingress of condensation and moisture. In addition, it is necessary to provide for a special ventilation gap between the installed vapor barrier and the finishing cladding of the walls of the frame dwelling. An important point... There is no need to equip the vapor barrier layer from the inside. But outside, it should be installed without fail.

The scheme of independent thermal insulation of frame structures with mineral wool is given below:

1. 1. We measure the parameters of the walls that will be insulated. We prepare insulation corresponding to the obtained dimensions, as well as waterproofing.
2. 2. We cover the frame of the building with waterproofing material. We fix the products with staples using a construction stapler.
3. 3. We mount the vapor barrier. We use foamed polyethylene as such. We fasten the material to the frame racks using the already mentioned stapler. We place the vapor barrier films with an overlap (10–12 cm). And all the seams between them must be sealed. Double-sided tape is best suited for these purposes.
4. 4. We place the insulation from the inside of the house between the frame posts (in the available gaps). Here it is important to lay the material so that there are no gaps between its individual parts (plates, pieces from the roll). Cutting pieces of insulation boards (if necessary) is carried out with a knife or scissors.
5. 5. We sew up the walls from the inside with sheets of drywall or OSB products.

The last tip for those who plan to insulate frame walls with mineral wool. It is strictly forbidden to press too hard on the material during installation. Due to the pressure, the layer of cotton wool will decrease, which will lead to a decrease in its heat-shielding qualities. The rest of the do-it-yourself process is performed quite simply and quickly.

Styrofoam - an effective and uncomplicated technology for external insulation

Polyfoam is recommended for insulating frame dwellings from the outside. It resists mechanical stress well, has very high moisture-repellent capabilities and thermal conductivity. And most importantly, when using foam, there is no need to use moisture and vapor barrier materials. Another plus of this insulation is its versatility. It is allowed to be used for the interior and floor of any residential buildings.

The foam also has disadvantages. First, when it burns, it releases a whole bunch of harmful compounds into the air. Secondly, a variety of small rodents are very fond of settling in it. Thirdly, the described material is considered not environmentally friendly. Despite all these disadvantages, polystyrene is actively used to protect the walls of frame houses from the cold. In doing so, the following should be taken into account:

1. 1. All wooden elements frame structure before installing the foam, it is required to treat it with an antiseptic composition.
2. 2. It is recommended to carry out insulation with non-pressed foam sheets.
3. 3. Measures for thermal protection of the walls of the house from the outside are allowed only at temperatures above 0 ° C.

Step-by-step instructions for installing foam will be simple. First, we need to properly prepare the outer surface of the walls. We clean the frame from dirt and dust, remove from it all the protrusions that may interfere with the installation of the material. The walls should be as flat as possible. Only in this case will we be able to achieve a snug fit of the foam sheets to the surfaces. If there are chips and visible cracks on the frame, they must be treated with a wood primer. It is recommended to grind the remaining irregularities (minor).

After preparing the wall, we proceed to the main work. We take the glue for attaching the foam, knead it according to the manufacturer's instructions. We apply the adhesive to the surface. This operation will additionally level the wall and ensure effective fixation of the insulation sheets. Then we apply glue in strips along the edges of the foam products, as well as cakes over their area (in 5-7 places). In most cases, the adhesive must be used within 60–90 minutes after mixing. Therefore, we work carefully, but promptly.

We apply the sheets of heat insulator to the wall, press down. The joints of individual parts of the insulation should not coincide. After gluing the first row, you need to make a shift (preferably by half of the sheet used). Similarly, we shift the slabs in all other rows. We trim the foam with an ordinary knife. Pros advise to heat it up a little before use - cutting will go like clockwork!

When we secure everything foam boards, most likely, there will be small gaps on the wall between separate sheets... Nothing wrong with that. The geometry of the sheets is never absolutely correct. We will need to close up the cracks that appear. There are two options here. You can mix the crushed pieces of foam plastic with the glue used and cover the gaps with this mixture. It is even easier to buy polyurethane foam and blow out the gaps with it.

Since the foam is very light, strong wind can tear off the glued sheets, you need to take care of additional fastening of the insulation to the wall bases. It's simple. We make additional fixation of the heat insulator with special self-tapping screws (those that have disc-shaped and wide-sized caps) or plastic dowels. We install the hardware only after the glue has completely dried. It is undesirable to mount more than 5 self-tapping screws or dowels on one plate.

From above, the foam plates are treated with acrylic plaster, which must be additionally reinforced. The operation is performed with fiberglass mesh. Putty is applied on top of it (for reliability, we make two layers). At the corners of the walls, it is advisable to fix the slabs of insulating material with profiles. With this approach, the layer of thermal insulation on the walls will hold, without exaggeration, forever.

The final of the work is the facing of the insulated surfaces. Most often they are painted or decorated with wild brick, which is popular today. We add that foam plates are allowed to be used for internal insulation frame dwellings. The principle of the work will be the same - we prepare the wall, apply a primer to it, mount the insulation on glue, process the resulting surface with putty, paint (we use another decorative coating).

Polyurethane foam is a relatively new way to protect your home from the cold

An effective option for thermal insulation of frame houses is the use of sprayed materials. On the domestic market, they are mainly represented by polyurethane foam. This insulation is not afraid of water, demonstrates high heat-shielding properties, is truly durable, it can be evenly applied to hard-to-reach areas both outside and inside the house.

Polyurethane foam is sold in the form of containers with two liquid components... Before use, they should be mixed with each other, and then air is supplied to the resulting solution under a certain pressure. Such an operation is performed by special equipment... It foams polyurethane foam. The resulting foam is fed in between frame walls where it quickly freezes.

Disadvantages of polyurethane foam for insulation:

• Decrease thermal insulation properties when exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Direct sunlight deprives the material of all its operational advantages. Therefore, polyurethane foam should be protected from ultraviolet radiation.
• The need to use special equipment for insulation.
• High price. Thermal insulation of a square wall costs 40–45 dollars.

But all the work can be done in the shortest possible time. And be sure that the sprayed insulation made will reliably protect the house from the cold. At the same time, the financial resources for insulation are slightly reduced due to the fact that the polyurethane foam coating does not need additional protection from steam and moisture.

Other methods of insulation - modern and almost completely forgotten

Ecowool, which we have already talked about, is considered one of the most promising materials for thermal insulation of frame dwellings. It can be applied in three different ways at once:

1. 1. Dry technology. It involves, in fact, filling the insulation into the space between the frame elements. Ecowool can be used both for wall insulation and for floors between floors and floor bases.
2. 2. Adhesive technique. In this case, a little glue is added to the material. For frame houses, this technology is not rational. It is indispensable for insulating concrete and metal surfaces.
3. 3. Wet insulation. Liquid (ordinary water) is added to ecowool, which increases its adhesion and allows you to process inclined substrates.

Let us also recall the technology of thermal protection of walls, which is very rare these days. It involves the use natural insulation... As such, sawdust concrete and a mixture of clay and straw are usually used. They just need to fill the voids between the frame supports and enjoy the warmth in your home. It turns out cheap and cheerful. But modern experts advise against working with such materials. It is believed that they begin to rot within 3-4 years after warming. We will argue with this statement. In the vastness of Russia, you can find a lot country houses, which were insulated with sawdust concrete back in the 1970s and 1980s. Believe me, they are still reliably protected from the cold.

Home insulation with clay and sawdust

The main disadvantage of natural mixtures is that they cannot be purchased ready-made in building stores. You will have to order all the required components (sawdust, straw, etc.), and then your own with my own hands make a heat insulator out of them. It won't be easy. The process is very laborious and time-consuming. You will have to chop straw, knead clay and concrete (by hand). If you carry out these operations together, in 7-8 hours of work you can do a maximum of 2-3 cubic meters mixtures for insulation. And for thermal insulation of the walls of a small frame dwelling with a plan of 8x8 m, at least 60-70 cubic meters will be required. Consider if you are willing to spend so much time. Maybe it's better to overpay and buy a heater ready for installation? Answer yourself to this question. Good luck!